L-1 PREPARATION OF GASES

MCQ
1. Which gases is used by human beings during respiration?
Ans. Oxygen
2. Oxygen is necessary in which of the following compounds?
Ans. Sulphuric acid
3. Which gas is known as carbon dioxide? Ans. CO 2
4. Which gas is used in cold drinks like soda water? Ans.CO 2
5. Which gas reduces the activeness of the oxygen? Ans. N 2

Answer in sentence
Q1]Which gases are useful in the air for living beings?
Ans. Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen & Nitrogen are
useful in the air for living beings.
Q2]Which gas is known for the breathing gas?
Ans. Oxygen gas is known for the breathing gas.
Q3]Which property have oxide of the metals?
Ans. Oxides of metals have basic property.
Q4]What is formed when non-metal oxides react with
water?
Ans. When non-metals oxides react with water, acids are
formed.
Q5]What is meant by dry ice? Give its uses
Ans. Dry ice means solid carbon dioxide.

 It is used as cooling agent

Q6] Which gas is used in balloons?
Ans. Hydrogen gas is used in the balloons.

Answer in short
Q1] Write the physical properties of oxygen gas.
Ans. The physical properties of oxygen gas are as
follows : Oxygen is colourless , odourless and tasteless.
It is sparingly soluble in water.
It helps in combustion.
Q2] Explain a method in short for preparing oxygen gas
in the laboratory with equation.
Ans. Take potassium permanganate particles in test tube
and heat it with the flame of a candle. When KMNO 4 gets
heated in a test tube, there will be some crackling sound.
When we insert an incense stick into the test tube, it
burns brightly. Thus, oxygen gas is produced.
Reaction:
2KMNO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Q3]Write the physical properties of hydrogen gas?
Ans. The physical properties of hydrogen are :1. It is colourless , odourless and tasteless
2. It is lighter than other gases.

3. It is inflammable (combustible)

Answer in brief
Q1] Explain the experiment for preparing carbon dioxide gas in
laboratory.
Ans. Aim : to prepare carbon dioxide gas
Apparatus and materials: A transparent glass jar, an incense
stick, marble pieces or powder and hydrochloric acid(HCl).
Procedure:
1. Take a transparent glass jar.
2. Add pieces of marble[Calcium carbonate(CaCO3)].
3. Then add some hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Observation:
Pieces of marble react with hydrochloric acid and produce
carbon dioxide gas.
Reaction:
CaCO3

2HCl

CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Now, hold the lighted incense stick having flame in the jar
and observe.
Observation: When lighted incense stick having flame is held for
sometime in the jar, it extinguishes.
Conclusion:
When pieces of marble (calcium carbonate) react with
hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide is produced.

 Since the lighted incense stick having flame extinguishes

when placed in the jar, it proves that carbon dioxide has
an ability to extinguish fire.
Q2]Explain the function of pump made for patients of Pneumonia
and lung diseases.
Ans. Hand pumps of special types are made for
The patients suffering from the diseases like pneumonia and lung
diseases. In this hand pump , there is an upper valve, when it is
pressed a reaction takes place between sodium peroxide (Na 2O2)
and water forming oxygen. Using the released oxygen, the
patients relief .
Q3] write the chemical properties of carbon dioxide.
Ans. The chemical properties of carbon dioxide are as follows :1. When carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide, calcium
carbonate and water are formed. Ca(OH) 2 + Co2 CaCo3 +
H2O
2. When carbon dioxide reacts with calcium carbonate and
water, calcium bicarbonate is formed. CaCo 3 + H2O + CO2
Ca(HCO3)2
3. When carbon dioxide is heated with water at high pressure ,
carbonic acid is produced. CO2 + H2O H2CO3 .
Q4]Write the chemical properties of oxygen gas.
Ans. [A] Reaction with metals
1. When oxygen reacts with metals, it forms metal oxides
2Mg+O2 2MgO
2.metals oxide when react with water, they form metal
hydride

MgO+2H2O Mg(OH)2
[B] reaction with non metals
1. when oxygen reacts with non-metals , it
forms non-metallic oxides .
S+O2 SO2
2. Such non-metallic oxides react with water and form acids
SO2+H2OH3SO3
Q5] Explain the composition and function of a fire
extinguisher
Ans. Fire extinguisher is made up of an iron cylinder, it is
filled with aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or
sodium bicarbonate. In the upper part there is a glass
bottle. it is filled with concentrated sulphuric acid or
hydrochloric acid. The bottle is attached to the metal ring
and its upper end is kept outside. The gas comes out
towards the upper portion through a rubber tube. Where
there is a fire, the upper ring is banged so it breaks the
glass bottle and the acid contained in it mixes with the
sodium carbonate. Thus the acid reacts with sodium
carbonate or sodium bicarbonate and carbon dioxide is
produced. The gas comes out with force and helps in
extinguishing fire,

Write the uses of the following gases

1] Uses of oxygen gas:
1. It is used for respiration
2. Dissolved oxygen is used by aquatic plants and animals.

3. Hand pumps preparing oxygen is used by the patients

suffering from pneumonia and lung diseases to get instant relief.
4. Oxygen is used to prepare flames having nigh temperature like
oxyhydrogen flame (28000C) and oxyacetylene flame (31000c33000c) which is used to cut or join metals together
5. It is very necessary in the production of chlorine, nitric acid and
sulphuric acid.
2] uses of carbon dioxide gas:
1. It is used by the vegetation
2. It is used for extinguishing fire.
3. It is used in bringing fermentation for idli, dhosa, etc.
4. It is used for the preparation of cold drinks like soda water.
5. solid carbon dioxide is known as dry ice. It is used as a cooling
agent
6. It is used for the preparation of washing soda (sodium
carbonate)
7. It is used for the preparation of baking soda (sodium
bicarbonate) useful in cooking.
3] Uses of hydrogen:
1. Hydrogen gas is used as fuel and also it is used to obtain
electricity.
2. it is lighter then air, hence this gas is used in the balloons
which are used for the study of the atmosphere above air level.
4] Uses of nitrogen:
1. It is used to prepare chemicals like ammonia, nitric acid,
calcium cyanamide, urea, etc.

2. It is used to prepare inert atmosphere example on the

inflammable liquids, instead of air, nitrogen gas should be filled so
that there is less possibility of fire.
3. It decreases the reactivity of oxygen in air.
4. In films, dramas to show unnatural smoke or clods, nitrogen
gas is used.
5. The roots of the plants like peas make use of the nitrogen from
the air and produce food containing plenty of protein.
6. It is filled in the tubes of the tyres of some of the vehicles.

Give scientific reasons

1] Carbon dioxide passes through the filtered lime water looks like
the milk because when carbon dioxide reacts with filtered lime
water is Ca(OH)2 and form white coloured calcium carbonate
.Water becomes milky due to particles of calcium carbonate
Ca(OH)2 + Co2 CaCO3 + H2O
2] mountaineers keep the oxygen cylinders with them ---- as we
go on lighter altitude air becomes thinner and the quantity of
oxygen decreases in the atmosphere. As a result mountaineers
carry oxygen cylinder to avoid difficulty in breathing

Match the following

1. Oxygen gas supporter of combustion
2. Carbon dioxide gas extinguishing the fire
3. Hydrogen gas combustible gas
4. Nitrogen gas inert gas

L 2 Molecular structure

I Choose the correct option:1) Which particles of an element has positive charge?
Ans. Proton
2) What is the formula to find out the maximum electrons
accommodation in any orbit?
Ans. 2n2
3) Which atom of an element makes positive ion?
Ans. Sodium
4) What is the electron configuration of the sodium ion?
Ans. 2, 8, 1.
5) What is the valence of the calcium?
Ans. 2
6) Which elements atom makes negative ion?
Ans. Chlorine

II Answer in one or two sentences:1. What is meant by element?

Ans. The basic substance which comprises every substance of the
universe is called an element.

2. What is called nucleus?

Ans. The circular central portion of an atom is called nucleus.
3. What is called an atom number?
Ans. The number of protons or electrons present in an atom of an
atom is called atomic number (z).
4. What is called electron configuration?
Ans. The arrangement of electrons in a specific energy level in a
specific way around the nucleus is called electron configuration.
5. What is an orbit?
Ans. The circular path around the nucleus of an atom on which
electrons move is called an orbit.
6. Which factors are responsible for the weight of nucleus?
Ans. Neutron and proton are responsible for the weight of
nucleus.
7. How many maximum electrons can be accommodated in first,
second, third ad fourth orbit?
Ans. Maximum electrons accommodated in first orbit 2, second
orbit 8, Third orbit 18, Fourth orbit 32.
8. Which atoms of element share electrons in outer energy level?
Ans. Atoms of element having 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 or 7. Electrons in outer
energy level share electrons.
9. What is meant by valence?
Ans. The number of electrons gained or lost from outer most orbit
of an atom, while making a bond with other atoms is known as
valence.

10. Which atoms of elements have tendency to form negative

ion?
Ans. Atoms of elements having 5, 6 or 7 electrons in other orbit
have tendency to form negative ion.

III Answer in Short:1. Write a short note on an atom.

Ans. 1] The smallest indivisible part of an element is known as
atom.
2] Atom is very minute and it can be seen with a simple
microscope.
3] Atom is made up of proton, neutron and electron. It is the
fundamental component of an element. Group of similar atoms
combine to form n element.

2. What is meant by atomic number? Explain it with example.

Ans. The number of proton (p) or electrons (e) in an atom is called
the atomic number (z) of an atom. Eg.
1)
2)

Atomic number of helium (He) is 2. therefore it will have 2

protons and 2 electrons.
Atomic number of Carbon (C) is 6. Therefore I will have 6
protons and 6 electrons.

3. Write a short note on the orbits of atom.

Ans. The circular path around the nucleus of an atom on which
electrons move is called an orbit of atom. The maximum number
of electrons that n orbit can accommodate can be known by using
the formula 2n2. Here n = serial number of orbit. The closest orbit

from the nucleus is called first orbit, then second, third and
fourth. In 1st orbit maximum 2 electrons, in the second orbit
maximum electrons, in the third orbit maximum 16 electrons,
in the fourth orbit maximum 32 electrons.

4. Explain the meaning of valence with example.

Ans. The number of electrons gained or lost from outer most orbit
of an atom, while making a bond with other atom is known as
valence. The element which have 1, 2 or 3 electrons in the outer
energy level easily lose 1, 2 or 3 electrons and make positive ions
having valence +1, +2 or +3. Eg. Na+, Mg2+, Al3+. The elements
which have 7, 6 or 5 electrons in the outer most energy level gain
easily 1, 2 or 3 electrons and make negative ions having valence
-1, -2 or -3. Eg. Cl-, O-2

5. Write a short note on nucleus.

Ans. The circular central portion of an atom is called nucleus. It is
also known as centre of the atom. There are two types of particles
namely proton and neutron in nucleus. The particles known as
electrons move around the nucleus in a definite circular path
known as orbit. Protons are electrically positively charged,
electrons are electrically negatively changed but neutrons are
electrically neutral.

V Write two differences:1. Molecule and Atom

Molecule

Atom

1.
2.
3.

Molecule is the fundamental

unit of a compound.
Molecules exist
independently.
It is made up of one or more
type of elements.

1.
2.
3.

Atom is the fundamental unit

of an element.
It does not exist
independently.
It is made up of only one type
of element.

2. Atom and Ion

1.
2.

Atom
Atom is electrically neutral.
An atom is called active.

1.
2.

Ion
Ion is not neutral but
positively or negatively
changed.
Ion is chemically.

3. Proton and Electron

1.
2.

Proton
Proton is positively charged.
It lies in the nucleus.

1.
2.

Electron
Electron is negatively charged.
It circulates around the nucleus
in the energy levels.

IV Answer the following briefly:-

1.
Explain the composition of atom with diagram.
Ans. An atom is made up of three components namely
proton (p), neutron (n) and electron (e).
Protons and neutrons lie in the central part of the atom
which as nucleus.

 Protons are electrically positively charged. Neutrons are

neutral as they do not carry any charge.
Electrons move around the nucleus in definite circular paths.
These circular paths are called energy orbits.
Electrons are electrically negatively charged.
Protons and neutrons are very compared to electrons.
The positively charged protons attract the negatively
charged electrons. As a result, the electrons rotate around the
nucleus in circular orbit.
The number of protons and electrons in an atom are same.
Hence, an atom is electrically neutral.

2. Explain the arrangement of electron in atom with example.

Ans. The specific arrangement of electrons in specific orbits
around the nucleus is called electron configuration.
The closest orbit from the nucleus is called the first orbit.
Next to the third orbit comes second and then third and
fourth orbit.
The maximum number of electrons each orbit can hold is as
follows:I orbit - 2, II orbit - 8, III orbit 18 and IV orbit 32. Eg. H 1
(1), Li (2, 1) and Ar18 (2, 8, 8), etc.

3. How is compound formed? Explain with an example.

Ans. When oppositely charged ions like negative or positive

charge are attracted towards each other, combine make a
molecule of a compound.

L 3 Metal-Non Metal

Q.1. Choose the correct option:1. Which metal found in liquid form at normal temperature?
A. Mercury
2. Which non-metal found in liquid form at in a normal
temperature?
A. Bromine
3. Which of the following do not have property of metals?
A. Melting points are very low.
4. Which are the components of alloy like bronze?
A. Copper, Tin
5. Which non-metal is a good conductor of electricity?
A. Graphite
6. Which is the property of non metal oxides?
A. Acidic
7. Which compounds of the phosphorous is used as preservation
of grains?

A. Aluminium phosphide
8. Which non-metal is used in the vulcanization of rubber?
A. Sulphur

Q.2. Answer in one or two sentence.

1. Which elements have luster?
A. Metallic elements have luster
2. Name the four light weight metals.
A. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, aluminium
3. What is meant by ionization?
A. The process of losing electron by an atom of a metal or gaining
electron by an atom of a non metal is called ionization.
4. State the electron configuration of sodium ion.
A. The electron configuration of sodium ion is (2, 8, and 1).
5. State the electron configuration of chlorine.
A. The electron configuration of chlorine is (2, 8, and 7).
6. How does the magnesium strip burn over flame of the burning
candle in the air?
A. The magnesium strip burns over flame of the burning candle in
the air with bright flame.
7. What is the rust of iron?
A. The rust of iron is iron oxide.
8. Which gas is formed when the metals react with the acid?
A. When the metals react with the acid hydrogen gas is formed.
9. Give any two uses of the metals.

Metal
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

A. 1}

Metals are in solid form

(except mercury).
Metals are malleable.
Metals are good
conductor of heat and
electricity.
Metals have luster.
Most metals are heavy
in weight.
Generally metals are
hard.
Metals have higher
melting or boiling
points.
Many metals produce
ringing sound.

Non - metals
1)

Non-metals are in solid,

liquid or gaseous forms.
2)
Non-metals are not
malleable.
3)
Non-metals are bad
conductors of heat and
electricity.
4)
Non-metals are
lusterless.
5)
Most non-metals are light
in weight.
6)
Generally non-metals are
soft.
7)
Non-metals have lower
melting or boiling points.
8)
Non-metals do not
produce ringing sound.
Gold is used in making ornaments, idols and medals.

2} Copper is used in making wires, vessels etc.

10. What is reduction?
A. The chemical process in which either oxygen is removed or
hydrogen is added is called reduction.
11. What is called as redox process?
A. Sometimes oxidation and reduction both the reaction occur in
one chemical process. This is known as redox process.
12. What is meant by alloys?
A. More than one metals are heated together till they turn into a
homogeneous mixture. This mixture is called alloy.

Q.3. Give the difference between Metal and Non metals:

Q.4. Answer in short:1. Write the physical properties of metal. (Any 5)

Ans. 1) They have a shiny and bright surface with a metallic
luster.
2) They can be hammered into a thin strip (malleability).
3) Metals can be drawn into thin wires.
4) On striking, it produces ringing sound.
5) They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
6) Melting points are very high.
7) Metals are usually solids, exception Mercury is the only
metal
found in liquid state.
8) Generally metals are heavy, yet sodium, potassium,
magnesium and aluminium are light metals.

2. Write any five physical properties of non-metal.

Ans. 1) They do not have metallic luster.

2) On hammering, they turn into pieces.
3) They do not produce ringing sound while striking.
4) They cannot be drawn into wires.
5) Some non metallic elements possess the property of
allotropes. Such as possess.
a} Carbon: coal, diamond, graphite.
b} Phosphorus: Black phosphorus, yellow phosphorus, red
phosphorus.

3. Write the uses of Carbon.

Ans. Allotropes of Carbon are used in different forms, such as
graphite is used in the preparation of pencils, as electrode poles,
coal is used as fuel and diamond is also used as a glass cutter.

4. Write the uses of phosphorus.

Ans. Red phosphorus is used to prepare match sticks, crackers
explosives and even insecticides. Compounds of phosphorus are
used such as:A] Zinc phosphide to prepare drugs to kill rats.
B] Aluminium phosphide for preserving grains.
C] Phosphorus pent oxide as a strong absorbent of humidity.

5. Write the uses of Sulphur.

Ans. Uses of Sulphur are:-

A] To prepare sulphuric acid.

B] In the gun powder for preparing crackers.
C] For the preparation of explosives.
D] For the preparation of insecticides and fertilizers.
E] For the preparation of cream for skin diseases and
disinfectants.
F] For vulcanization of rubber.

6. Write the uses of metals.

Ans. The uses of different metals are as follows:1] Iron In vehicles, bridges, pipes, nails, etc.
2] Copper In wires, vessels, etc.
3] Gold In gold ornaments, idols and medals.
4] Silver In ornaments, currency coins and notes, vessels, etc.
5] Aluminium In wires, vessels, coins, etc.
6] Sodium In salt, street lights, etc.
7] Potassium In fertilizers, crackers, insecticides, etc.
8] Mercury In thermometer and mercury-vapour lamp

7. Write the components and peculiarities of he following alloys.

Ans. 1] Bronze:Copper is soft hence a metal like tin is mixed with it and hard as
well as corrosion resistant alloy like bronze is obtained.

2] Stainless steel:Chromium and nickel metals are mixed with Iron and corrosion
resistant alloy called stainless steel is obtained.
3] Nitinol:Nickel and Titanium metals are mixed together and an alloy
Nitinol is prepared. It possesses a wonderful unique property of
Shape Memory. Different uses of it are also found.

Q.5. Answer in detail:1. Explain the chemical properties of the non-metal with example.
Ans. The chemical properties of the non-metal are:1] Reaction with oxygen Non metals react with oxygen to form
oxides of non metals.
Eg.

Carbon

O2

CO2

oxygen

carbon dioxide

2] Reaction with chlorine Non metals react with chlorine to form

chlorides of non metals.
Eg.

P4

10Cl2

Phosphorus
chloride

chlorine

4PCl5
Phosphorus Penta

3] Reaction with hydrogen Non metals react with hydrogen to

form non metallic hydrides.
Eg.

N2
Nitrogen

3H2
Hydrogen

2NH3
Ammonia

2. What is meant by alloys? Write their peculiarities with example.

Ans. More than one metals are heated together till they turn into
a homogeneous mixture. This mixture is called alloy. Some of the
physical properties of the basic metals in the combination of an
alloy are changed. Eg. Copper is soft hence a metal like tin is
mixed with it and hard as well as corrosion resistant alloy like
bronze is obtained.

3. Explain with examples the process of oxidation, reduction and

redox process.
Ans. 1] The chemical process in which either oxygen is added or
hydrogen is removed is called Oxidation. Eg. 2H 2+O2 2H2O
(Addition of oxygen in hydrogen)
2] The chemical process in which either Oxygen is removed or
hydrogen is added is called reduction. Eg. H 2 + CuO Cu + H2O
3] Sometimes, oxidation and reduction both the reactions occur in
one chemical process. This is known as redox process. Eg. 2H 2+O2
2H2O

4. Write in details about Metals and Non-metals in our life.

Ans. 1] We use several metals and non-metals in our daily life. We
cannot imagine life without them.
2] Iron, copper, gold, aluminium, silver, etc. are metals.
3] Sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc. are nonmetals.
4] We make use of these metals and non-metals either in their
element form or compound form.

5] Iron is used in vehicles, bridges, railways and machineries.

6] Metals such as copper and aluminium are used in vessels,
electric wires, etc.
7] We use gold for making ornaments and metals.
8] Many metals and non-metals combine to form compounds. Eg.
Sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as salt is made up of sodium,
metal and chlorine non-metal.
9] Our mind also contains metals and non-metals such as Iron,
calcium, phosphorus in fertilizer for Sulphur in skin creams.
10] It is impossible to count the uses of metals and non-metals in
our life.
11] These elements play a key role on earth for one cannot
imagine life without them.

5. Explain the chemical properties of the metal with example.

A. The chemical properties of the metal are:1] Reactions of Metals with Oxygen With the reactions of metals
with Oxygen, metal oxides are obtained.
Eg.

2Mg

O2

Magnesium

2MgO

Oxygen

Magnesium Oxide

2] Reactions of Metals with Chlorine Metals react with Chlorine

and give metal Chlorides.
Eg.

2Na
Sodium

Chloride

Cl 2
Chlorine

2NaCl
Sodium

3] Reactions of Metals with Hydrogen Some active metals react

with hydrogen and make hydride of metal.
Eg.

2Na

H2

Sodium

2NaH

Hydrogen

Sodium

Hydride
4] Reactions of Metals with Acid Most of the metals react with
acids. During the reaction, Hydrogen from acid is liberated as gas.
If a magnesium strip is dipped in acid, some bubbles come out
and it is hydrogen gas.
Eg.

Mg

Magnesium
Hydrogen

2HCL

MgCl 2

Hydrochloric

Magnesium

Acid

Chloride

Q.6. Match the following:1) Mercury In thermometer

2) Carbon As a fuel
3) Gold Preparing ornaments
4) Iron - In the preparation machinery
5) Aluminium For making utensils

Q.7. Put or X:1. Mercury is a liquid metal.

2. Wires can be drawn from coal. X
3. Stainless steel is an alloy.

H2

4. Process of addition of oxygen is called oxidation.

5. Chemical formula is called as chemical structure or molecular
formula.

L 5 Reproductive System and Excretory System

Q.1. Choose the correct option:1. What is called the male reproductive cell?
A. Sperms
2. Where is the testis situated?
A. In scotrum
3. Where is the ovary situated?
A. In stomach
4.Where is the development of embryo occurs in the human
beings?
A. In uterus
5. Where is the fertilization occurs in human?
A. In oviduct
6. Who works to gather the urine?
A. Urinary bladder

Q.2. Answer in one or two sentences:-

1. What is meant by reproduction?

A. Every organism produce a new organism of its own species. Th
process of the organisms to produce a new organism of its own
kind is called reproduction.
2. Which are the main organs of the male reproductive system?
A. Testis is the main organ of the male reproductive system. Vas
deferens, penis, prostate gland, bulbo urethral gland, etc. are
included a accessory reproductive organ.
3. Explain the place of testis in the human being.
A. Man has a pair of testis. They are located in the scotrum
outside the body.
4. What is called sperm?
A. Sperms are male reproduction cells. Sperms are produced in
testis.
5. State the organs of female reproductive system.
A. Female reproductive system consists of pair of Ovaries, pair of
Fallopian tube, uterus, vagina and vulva.
6. What is called the cervix?
A. The distal, narrow opening of uterus is known as cervix.
7. What is produced as useless and harmful substances in human
being?
A. Stool and carbon dioxide are useless and harmful things.
8. State the organs of excretory system of the human.
A. The organs of excretory system of human are kidney, ureter,
urinary bladder and urethra.
9. What is called ureter?

A. One tube comes out from each kidney. Ureter links kidney to
the urinary bladder.
10. Which glands contained in skin?
A. Our skin contains sweet gland and sebaceous gland.

Q.3. Answer in short:1. What is meant by reproduction? Explain its importance with
example.
Ans: Every organism produces a new organism to maintain the
existence of its own species. The process of the organisms to
produce a new organism of its own kind is called reproduction. Eg.
A cat gives birth to kitten of her own kind. Thus each organism
can produce a young one of its own kind.
2. Give the information about testis.
Ans: 1] It is the main organ of male reproductive system.
2] Man has a pair of testis.
3] They are located in the scotrum outside the body.
4] Testis are oval shaped bodies.
5] Sperms are produced in testis.
6] Spermatogenesis occur in entire life.
3. State the importance of sex hormones.
Ans: Sex hormones play a very crucial role during the
reproduction. They regulate the spermatogenesis. Sequential
changes during the teen-age results into the development of
reproductive organs. Boys attain puberty between the age of 13
and 14 years.

4. State the sequential changes seen in boys during teenage.

Ans: Following minor characters are shown by the male due to
influence of sex hormones:1] Development of hairs on moustache, beard and other organs.
2] Deep voice.
3] Opposite sex attraction
4] Development of muscles and sex hormones.
5. State the sequential changes seen in girls during teen age.
Ans: The sequential changes seen in girls during teen age are :1] Sweet and deeper voice.
2] Development of hairs in the underarms and around sex organs.
3] Menstruation secretions occur.
4] Development of sex organs.
6. Explain the menstruation secretion in women.
Ans: One ovum every 6 month in the females between 12 to 45
years of her age (every 28-30 days). Generally 12 to 13 years old
girls show the tendency of menstruation secretion and it is very
usual and natural process.
7. What is meant by excretion? What are the organs of the
excretion?
Ans: The removal of useless, harmful liquid substances from our
body is known as excretion. The main organ of excretion are
kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra.
8. Why is it necessary to discard useless and harmful substances
from body?

Ans: It is necessary to discard useless and harmful substances

from our body because such substances our body if they remain
in our body for long time.
9. What is excretory system? State the main organs of the
excretory system.
Ans: The system formed by excretory organs is called excretory
system. The main organs of excretory system are kidneys, ureter,
urinary bladder and urethra.
10. Explain the works of lungs in excretion.
Ans: Carbon dioxide and additional humidity is eliminated by
lungs through exhalation. Some amount of water is released in
this way. This discharge during humid atmospheric condition but
it is high during dry and cold season.
11. Explain the role of skin in excretion.
Ans: Our skin contains sweat gland and sebaceous gland. Sweat
comes out from sweat gland. Sweat consists of dissolved sodium
chloride, urea, glucose and amino acid. The preparation of sweat
depends on the temperature of atmosphere and the body
condition. Main role of sweat gland is to maintain body
temperature. Secretion of sebaceous gland keeps our skin sticky
and oily.

Q.4. Answer in detail:1. Write a short note on: Male reproductive system
Ans. The following organs form male reproductive system:1] Testis A pair of testis is the man organ of male reproductive
system. They
are oval shaped, located in scotrum outside the
body. Testis produce

sperms.
2] Vas deferens There are two vas deferens in males each
arising from each
testis. They open in seminal vesicles. Sperms produced in testis
pass through vas deferens.
3] Seminal vesicle Males have 2 seminal vesicles located near
the base of urinary bladder.
4] Prostate gland It is an accessory reproductive gland. The
main function of prostate gland is to secrete thick milk coloured
liquid called semen.
5] Penis Penis is a cylindrical organ found in scotrum. Penis
contains urinogenital duct which passes urine as well as sperms.

2. Write a short note on: Female reproductive system.

Ans: The following organs form female reproductive system:1] Ovary Ovaries are located in the abdominal cavity. Both
ovaries produce one ovum each alternately every month as soon
as they become mature.
2] Oviduct Both oviducts start from the ovary and opens in the
uterus at its distal end. Oviduct is required for the transport and
fertilization of the ovum.
3] Uterus Uterus is hollow muscular, sac like structure.
Implantation of developing embryo occurs here. Uterus opens by
cervix into vagina.
4] Cervix The distal narrow opening of uterus is known as cervix.

5] Vagina Uterus opens into tubular vagina. It opens through

vulva on the outer side of body. Vagina serves as a passage for
child birth. The distal end of vagina is known as vestibule.

3. Write a short note on excretory system of human and its main

organs.
Ans: The removal of useless, harmful liquid substances from our
body is known as excretion. Main organs which help in excretion
are :1] Kidney Kidney are dark brown and bean shaped. They are
located on lateral sides of vertebral column. They filter blood and
separate urine from from blood.
2] Ureter Two hollow tubes link kidney to urinary bladder from
the kidney. Their main function is to conduct urine to urinary
bladder from the kidney.
3] Urinary bladder Ureter opens into a sac like urinary bladder. It
collects urine.
4] Urethra Urine passes from urinary bladder to urethra. From
here urine is finally passed out.

Q.5. Write two differences:1. Kidney and Urinary bladder.

Kidney
1)
2)
3)
4)

It is bean shaped.
There are 2 kidneys.
It filters blood.
It releases urine into
urinary bladder.

Urinary bladder
1)
2)
3)
4)

It is oval shaped.
There is one urinary
bladder.
It collects urine.
It excretes urine out
of body.

2. Testis and Ovary.

Testis
1)

2)
3)
4)

It is the main organ

of male
reproductive
system.
They are oval
shaped.
They are located in
scotrum outside the
body.
They produce
sperms.

Ovary
1)

2)
3)
4)

It is the main organ

of female
reproductive
system.
They are almond
shaped.
They are located in
abdominal cavity.
They produce ovum.