Booklist 20. Early Christianity Jewish Ways o f Following Jesus: Redrawing the Religious Map o f Antiquity Edwin K.

Broadhead W U N T 266; Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2 0 10, 978-3-16 - 150304-7, 129.00, xix + 440 hb

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This substantive monograph examines expressions of Jewish Christianity in the first four centuries of the Common Era. Its 16 chapters are spread across five parts. The first establishes appropriate parameters for this study, and includes a critique of the relevant scholarship, from F.C. Baur to J. Frey. The second examines Christian origins: the point is clearthe historical Jesus, the earliest Christian communities and the earliest Christian writings all had a thoroughly Jewish identity. The third enters into more distinctive territory: it seeks to establish that the Patristic period contained many more expressions of Jewish Christianity than is traditionally assumed. The fourth examines other evidence for Jewish Christianity during these centuries, including Jewish-Christian texts, rabbinic sources and archaeology. The fifth examines the significance of Jewish Christianity, which is presented as dominating the Christian scene until at least the Council of Nicaea. This is essentially twofold. First, it calls into question the notion of any sustained partings between Jewish and Christian thought or communities during this period. Second, it offers a model for continued and renewed expressions of Jewish Christianity in the contemporary setting. In this monograph Broadhead seeks to redraw the religious map of antiquity. He proposes that the first four centuries of the Common Era contained many and various expressions of Jewish Christianity, so much so, the notion of partings between Judaism and Christianity during this period is unhelpful. Indeed, the Dunnian term should be abandoned. Broadheads work is to be thoroughly welcomedit is an erudite treatment of what traditionally has been an under-examined phenomenon. By its own admission it is an examination of Jewish Christianity in the first four centuries; so it perhaps overstates the case for dropping the terminology of any partings, by failing to take due note of non-Jewish and even anti-Jewish expressions of Christianity during this period. This itself is linked to an undoubted confessional motivation. There is no explicit mention of Messianic Judaisma relatively recent phenomenon that arose explicitly only in the 1970s. Nevertheless, this phenomenon fits perfectly into Broadheads definition of Jewish Christianity as persons and groups...that both follow Jesus and maintain their Jewishness.. .as a continuation of Gods covenant with Israel. It is this phenomenon that is being validated and thereby promoted in this monograph. Glenn M. Balfour

The Legacy ofJohn: Second-Century Reception o f the Fourth Gospel Thomas Rasimus, ed. NovTSup 132; Leiden: Brill, 2 0 10, 978-90-04-17633-1, 12 1.00, $ 179.00, xi + 406 hb

This volume contains 12 essays on the subject in the title, all in English, though with a diverse spread of international representation. In two chapters on the literary relations among Johns Gospel, the Apocryphon o f John and the Trimorphic Protennoia , Poirier focuses on literary influences (Ap. John Trim. Prot.), which are also discussed by

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Journal for the Study o f the New Testament 34(5)

Turner with a focus more on parallel developments. M. Meyer argues that the variety of beloved disciples (John, Mary, Judas, etc.) in early Christian literature reinforces the Bauerian picture of diversity. Anne Pasquiers stimulating chapter negotiates the question of whether John influences Eugnostos, arguing that the Codex III version is earlier and not clearly influenced by John while the later Codex V text is. Hill offers a long essay further arguing against the Orthodox Johannophobia hypothesis, a concern also reflected in Perrins contention that Tatians fondness for John was inherited from Justin, and is evident already in the Oratio ad Graecos and not just in his post-lapse Diatessaron. It is helpful to have Mutschler summarizing in English some of the views set out in greater detail in his two German monographs on John and Irenaeus. A path less travelled is explored by Seims essay on John among early Montanists, for whom the Spirit was often specifically the Paraclete. Some of the essays are in the nature of the case speculative. The theory of Czachesz (The Gospel o f the Acts o f John') not only identifies passages not contained in protoJohn, but also discusses (admittedly provisionally) its date and provenance. Hakola very much emphasizes (exaggerates, in the reviewers opinion) the differences in outlook between Johns Gospel and Epistles. Rasimuss essay on Ptolemy and Thomassens on Heracleon are very helpful overviews both of the material and the contentious issues. This is a volume which will perhaps be consulted more for its (valuable) individual components rather than read cover to cover. Simon J. Gathercole

Paul the Martyr: The Cult o f the Apostle in the Latin W est David L. Eastman W G-RW S 4; Atlanta: SBL, 2 0 1 1, 978-1-58983-515-3, $30.95, xx + 238 pb

Pauls letters are written in Greek, and so far as we know he never travelled west of Beroea (north-east Greece) until he was taken to Rome to die a martyrs death. Yet later his cult flourished far and wide in the Latin West. Eastman traces its history from its beginnings on the Ostian Road and along the Appian Way, just outside Rome (Part 1), to Milan, Gaul, Spain and North Africa (Part 2). He shows how the apostle was venerated in diverse ways in these different places; for example, in Milan, Ambrose promoted his cult as part of an attempt to present Milan as the new Rome; in Gaul, certain scriptural passages were interpreted as proof that Paul had actually visited France, and when Martin of Tours later took his place as the most popular local saint, the image of St Martin too was coloured with that of Paul; in Africa, the importance of martyrdom to the local community encouraged particular reverence for Peter and Paul. Eastmans account of the cult of Paul in the Latin West is an important contribution to scholarship both on Paul and on the development of the cults of the saints. There is no other book that covers this dimension of this particular cult in such depth. Eastman draws together diverse kinds of evidence, including both archaeological and literary material, and produces a beautifully illustrated, interesting and accessible volume. Jane Heath

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