Taking Cultural Values to Work

Chapter 12 part 1

HUMAN NATURE

HARMONY WITH NATURE

SENSE OF TIME

ACTIVITY

SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

evil

Nature controls

past

Being

Hierarchy

Mixture

Harmony

Present

Growing

Group

good

Humans control

Future

Doing

individual

The best style of leadership depends on the social structure

5 Basic values (chapter 11): Social Relationships

1. Hierarchical Values
2.

Group Values 3. Individualistic values

HIERARCHICAL

EGALITARIAN

Societies with Hierarchy

All parts of society are arranged into levels from top to bottom

Government Organizations Businesses schools Families Husband/ wife Older children/ younger children Male/ female Classes/ dorm rooms?

Societies with Hierarchy

People think according to their place in the hierarchy: Top, middle, bottom Based on age, family status, social position, wealth academics, More power, respect and rewards for people at the top

Societies with Hierarchy

A few leaders make decisions for the rest of the group In this society, there are those who lead, and those who follow. Rising leadership is less encouraged Those who are not leaders should not act like leaders

Societies with Hierarchy

A problem with hierarchies:

Egalitarian Societies (with less hierarchy)

A problem with egalitarian:

TODAY

MEET GEERT HOFSTEDE

Hofstedes 4 (5) Dimensions of Culture

1. 2. 3.

4.
5.

Power Distance Individualism/ collectivism Masculinity/ Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance ???

Hofstedes 4 (5) Dimensions of Culture

Hofstede: Cultural dimension #1: Power distance

Power Distance Index (PDI)

SMALL POWER DISTANCE / BIG POWER DISTANCE

Hofstede: Cultural Dimension #1:

Power Distance (PDI)

In every society there is more power at the top of organizations than at the bottom

Governments, businesses, schools, families

In some societies there is a big power difference between people at the top and the bottom

Hierarchical People at the top receive higher salaries and benefits People accept these differences as right People are more equal

In some societies the power difference is small

High status Makes the decisions Micro-manages Does not share information Larger salary & benefits

Low status Accepts the need for strong leaders Avoids making decisions Doesnt know whats going on

POWER DISTANCE
HIGH POWER DISTANCE

LOW POWER DISTANCE

RESPECT FOR LEADERS MIGHT MAKES RIGHT POWER & PRIVILEGE GO TOGETHER CENTRALIZED POWER IS GOOD FOLLOWERS NEED DIRECTION FROM THE TOP THE IDEAL BOSS IS LIKE A BENEVOLENT FATHER FORMAL SPEECH

EVERYONE IS EQUAL QUESTIONING AUTHORITY FIGURES IS OKAY POWER OF INDIVIDUALS SHOULD BE LIMITED LEADERSHIP ROLES ARE TEMPORARY AND DO NOT REQUIRE PRIVILEGE DECENTRALIZED POWER IS GOOD FOLLOWERS ALSO HAVE GOOD IDEAS INFORMAL SPEECH,

POWER DISTANCE: FAVORITE WORDS

HIGH POWER DISTANCE RESPECT OBEY WISDOM OLDER FATHER-FIGURE LOW POWER DISTANCE RIGHTS FAIRNESS DISCUSS NEGOTIATE COMPROMISE

Hofstede: Cultural Dimension #1:

Power Distance (PDI)

WHO said this: big PDI or small PDI?

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.
6.

Anyone can grow up to be president. People who are not leaders should not act like leaders. Leaders are special people with special abilities who deserve special respect and rewards. Leaders are just ordinary people. We should value the creativity of youth. We should value the wisdom of the elderly.

Hofstede: Cultural Dimension #1:

Power Distance (PDI)

WHO said this: big PDI or small PDI?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Harmony comes when leaders and workers both respect the abilities of the other. Harmony comes when people respect their leaders. All kinds of work are valuable and deserve respect. Leaders are not gods, they just think they are.

Hofstede: Cultural Dimension #1:

Power Distance (PDI)

Are these countries big PDI or small PDI? China, Japan, South Korea, USA, Canada, Germany, France, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, Russia

China BIG PDI Japan BIG PDI South Korea BIG PDI USA SMALL PDI Canada SMALL PDI Germany SMALL PDI France BIG PDI Sweden SMALL PDI Saudi Arabia BIG PDI Russia BIG PDI

Hofstede: Cultural Dimension #1:

Power Distance (PDI)

.If you are working with or going to a country with a lower PDI than yours then: - don't expect to be treated with the respect you may be used to. - - people will want to get to know you in an informal manner with little etiquette. - - be more open in your management style as being too directive will look bad. - - involve others in decision making. - - do not base judgments of people on appearance, privileges or status symbols