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CE 60

Instructor: Paulo Monteiro


Strength of
Concrete
Mehta and Monteiro: Concrete
Interfacial Transition Zone
Mehta and Monteiro: Concrete
Transition Zone
Aggregate
cement
Note the open structure of the matrix
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Transition Zone
CH
pores
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Main Characteristics
Larger porosity than the matrix
Precipitation of CH with a preferred
orientation
Larger crystals
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Microstructural improvement
Use of silica fume
reduce the porosity of the ITZ
geometrical effect (no space)
reduces the amount of CH due to
pozzolanic reaction
Mehta and Monteiro: Concrete
Points to note:
I) Aggregate and cement paste linear up to failure
II) Concrete stress-strain response (elastic) in between aggregate and cement paste
III) Concrete does not have a linear behavior up to failure
Mehta and Monteiro: Concrete
REASON
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Compressive Strength
Fundamental relationship
S = So exp (-kp)
Where So is the strength at zero
porosity, p is the porosity and k a
constant.
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Powers model
S = So(1- p)
3
Experimentally Powers found the value of
a to be 34,000 psi or 234 MPa
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Effect of Porosity
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Results for mortar
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
New Generation of Materials
MDF (macro defect free): very low w/c,
hard pressed at 80 C.
Ductal: interesting material from France
with very high strength and fluidity
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Effect of Mix Proportions
Water to cement ratio
Abrams water to cement ratio
F = K1/(K2
w/c
)
Note: it does not consider the size, type, texture, of aggregate
Effect of water/cement on the compressive strength
Effect of air-entrainment
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Strength evolution
ACI Committee 209 recommends the
following relationship for moist-cured
concrete made with normal portland
cement (ASTM Type I)

f
c
t
( )
= f
c28
t
4 + 0.85 t
|
\

|
.
|
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Effect of Mix Proportions
Aggregate
Maximum Size Aggregate
Mineralogical Composition
Effect of max. aggregate size
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Strength Evolution
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Effect Temperature
Cast and cured at the same temperature
Cast at different temperature but cured at
the same temperature
Cast at normal temperature but cured at
different temperatures.
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Effect of temperature
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Effect of temperature
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Effect of temperature
Size effect
Effect of L-D Ratio
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Behavior of Concrete under Various States
Pure compression
Pure tension
Splitting tension
Flexure
Multi-axial stress
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Repeated uniaxial loading
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Pure tension
Very difficult test to conduct. We will
revisit this topic when discussing fracture
mechanics of concrete.
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Splitting (Brazilian) Test
Interesting history
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
CE 60
Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Flexure Test

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