CHAPTER -4: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Things to remember:
1. ax2+bx+c=0 when a,b,c, are real numbers and a0.
2. Solution to quadratic equation
a. Factorisation
b. Completing the square
c. Quadratic formula =
3. If b2-4ac > 0; Two roots will exist.
If b2-4ac = 0; Both the roots are equal.
If b2-4ac < 0; No roots will exist.
4. Pythagorus Theorem

a2+

a
b

EXERCISE 4.1
1. Check whether the following are quadratic equations:

i)

(x+1)2 = 2(x-3)
(x+1) 2 = 2(x-3)
x2+1+2x=2x-6
x2+2x-2x+1+6=0
x2+7=0 (quadratic form) YES.

ii)

x2-2x = (-2)(3-x)
x2-2x=(-2)(3-x)
x2-2x=-6+2x
x2-2x+6-2x=0
x2-4x+6=0 (quadratic form) YES.

iii)

(x-2)(x+1) = (x-1)(x+3)
(x-2)(x+1)=(x-1)(x+3)
x2-2x+x-2=x2-x+3x-3
x2-x2-2x+x+x-3x-2+3=0
-3x+1=0 (Linear equation) NO

iv)

(x-3)(2x+1) = x(x+5)
(x-3)(2x+1)=x(x+5)
2x2-6x+x-3=x2+5x
2x2-6x+x-5x-3-x2=0
x2-10x-3=0 (quadratic) YES.

v)

(2x-1)(x-3) = (x+5)(x-1)
(2x-1)(x-3)=(x+5)(x-1)
2x2-x-6x+3=x2+5x-x-5

2x2-x2-x-6x-5x+x+3+5=0
x2-11x+8=0 (quadratic) YES.
x2+3x+1 = (x-2)2

vi)

x2+3x+1=(x-2) 2
x2+3x+1=x2+4-4x
x2-x2+3x+4x+1-5=0
7x-4=0 (Linear equation) NO.
vii)

(x+2)3 = 2x(x2-1)
(x+2) 2 = 2x ( x2-1)
x3+6x2+12x+8=2x3-2x
x3-2x3+6x2+12x+2x+8=0
-x3+6x2+14x+8=0 (Not quadratic ) NO.

viii)

x3-4x2-x+1 = (x-2)3
x3-4x2-x+1=(x-2)3
x3-4x2-x+1=x3+3*x*(-2) 2 +3*(-2)*x2+(-2)3
x3-4x2-x+1 = x3+12x-6x2-8
x3-x3-4x2+6x2-x-12x-8+1 = 2x2-13x-7 (quadratic ) YES
(x+2)3
(x+2)(x+2)(x+2)
(x2+2x+2x+4)(x+2)
(x2+4x+4)(x+2)
x3-4x2+4x+2x2+2x+8
x3+6x2+12x+8

2. Represent the following situation in the form of quadratic equations:

(i) The area of a rectangular plot is 528m2. The length of the plot (in metres) is one
more than twice its breadth. We need to find the length and breadth of the plot.
528
b
sqm
2b +
(2b+1)*b=528
1
2b2+b=528
2b2+b-528=0
(ii) The product of two consecutive positive integers is 306.We need to find the
integers.
x(x+1)=306
x2+x=306
x2+x-306=0
b2-4ac = 12-4*1*306=1-1224=-1223 No real roots.
(iii)Rohans mother is 26 years olders than him. The product of their ages (in years) 3
years from now will be 360. We would like to find Rohans present age.
Rohans present age = x

Rohans mother age = x+26

(x+3)(x+26+3)=360
x2+3x+29x+87=360
x2+32x-273=0
b2-4ac = 322-4*1*273 = 1024-1092=-68 No roots.
(iv)
A train travels a distance of 480 kms at a uniform speed . If the speed had
been 8 km/h less, then it would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same
distance. We need to find the speed of the train.
Train speed = x
Distance = 480
Time taken for travel

480
( x 8)
480x =
(590+3x)(x-8)
480x =
480x+3x2-3840-24x
2
3x -24x-3840=0
x2-8x-1280=0

EXERCISE 4.2

1. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by factorization:

i)

ii)

x2-3x-10=0
x2-3x-10=0
x2-5x+2x-10=0
x(x-5)+2(x-5)=0
(x+2)(x-5); x+2=0
x=-2 or
x=5

x-5=0

2x2+x-6=0
2 x2+x-6=0
2 x2+4x-3x-6=0
2x(x+2)-3(x+2)=0
(2x-3)(x+2)=0;
2x-3=0
x=3/2 or
x=-2

x+2=0

iv)

2x2+7x+52 = 0
2 x2+7x+52=0
2 x2+5x+2x+52=0
2x(x+2)+5(x+2)=0
(2x+5)(x+2)=0; 2x+5=0
x+2=0
x=
or
x=-2
2x2-x+=0
2 x2-x+=0
16 x2-8x+1=0
4x(4x-1)-1(4x-1)=0
(4x-1)(4x-1)=0;
4x-1=0
or
4x-1=0
x=
or

v)

100x2-20x+1=0

iii)

100 x2-10x-10x+1=0
10x(10x-1)-1(10x-1)=0
(10x-1)(10x-1)=(10x-1)2;
10x-1=0 ; 10x-1=0
x = or
2. Solve the problems given in Example 1.
i)

x2-45x+324=0
x2-36x-9x+324=0
x(x-36)-9(x-36)=0
(x-9)(x-36)=0;
x-9=0 x-36=0
x=9 or
x=36

ii)

x2 -55x+750=0
x2-30x-25x+750=0
x(x-30)-25(x-30)=0
(x-30)(x-25)=0;
x=30 or
x=25

x-30=0

x-25=0

3. Find the two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.

x+y=27
X=27-y
x*y=182
(27-y)*y=182
27y-y2=182
Y2-27y+182=0
Y2-14y-13y+182=0
Y(y-14)-13(y-14)=0
(y-14)(y-13)=0;
Y=14 or
y=13

y-14=0

y-13=0

4. Find two consecutives positive integers, sum of whose squares is 365.

x2+(x+1)2=365
x2+ x2+2x+1=365
2x2+2x+1-365=0
2x2+2x-364=0
x2+x-182=0
x2+14x-13x-182=0
x(x+14)-13(x+14)=0
(x+14)(x-13)=0;
X=-14 or
x=13

x+14=0

x-13=0

5. The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13
cm, find the other two sides.

(b7)

13

b2+(b-7) 2=132
b
b2+ b2-2*b*7+7 2=169
2b2-14b+49=169
2b2-14b+49-169=0
2b2-14b-120=0
b2-7b-60=0
b2-12b+5b-60=0
b(b-12)+5(b-12)=0
(b-12)(b+5)=0;
b-12=0
b=12 or
b=-5

b+5=0

6. A cottage industry produces a certain number of pottery in a day. It was

observed on a particular day that the cost of production of each article (in
rupees) was 3 months more than twice the number of articles produced on that
day. If the total cost of production on that day was Rs.90, find the number of
articles produced and the cost of each article.
No. of articles per day
=
x
Cost of production of each article
Total cost of production per day
x*(2x+3)=90
2x2+3x=90
2x2+3x-90=0
2x2+15x-12x-90=0
2x2-12x+15x-90=0
2x(x-6)+15(x-6)=0
(2x+15)(x-6)=0;
2x+15=0
X=
or
x=6
Number of articles per day x = 6
Cost of each article =
2x+3 =

=
=

2x+3
x*(2x+3)

90

x-6=0
2*6+3=

15

EXERCISE 4.3

1. Find the roots of the following quadratic equation, if they exist, by the method of
completing the square:
i)

2 x2-7x+3=0
b2-4ac =
72-4*2*3
Hence 2 roots exist.
2 x2-7x+3=0
4 x2-14x+6=0
(2x)2 - 2*2x* + ( )2 - ( )2 +
(2x - )2 - ( )2 + 6 = 0
(2x - )2 - ( ) + 6 = 0
(2x - )2 - ( ) = 0
(2x - )2 = ( )
(2x - ) = ( )
(2x - ) =
2x
=+ +
2x
= = 6
x
=
=3
or
x = 3 or

49-24 =

25

6=0

or
or
x

2x
2x
=

=- +
=

=1

ii)

2 x2 + x 4 = 0
b2-4ac =
12-4*2*(-4) =
1+32 =
Hence roots exist.
2 x2 + x 4 = 0
4 x2 + 2x 8 = 0
(2 x)2 + 2 * 2x * + ( )2 - ( )2 8 = 0
(2x + )2 ( )2 8 = 0
(2x + )2 ( ) 8 = 0
(2x + )2 ( ) = 0
(2x + )2 = ( )
(2x + ) = ( )
(2x + ) =
2x = + or
2x = - 2x
x =

iii)

=
or

33

or
2x = x=-

4x2 + 43x + 3 = 0
b2 - 4ac = 0
(43) 2 4 * 4 * 3 =0
(16 * 3) 48 = 0
48 48 = 0
0 = 0 ; only one root available
4x2 + 43x + 3 = 0
(2x) 2 + 2 * 2 * (3)2 + (3)2 (3)2 + 3 = 0
(2x + 3)2 (3)2 + 3 = 0
(2x + 3)2 3 + 3 = 0
(2x + 3)2 = 0
(2x + 3) (2x + 3) = 0
(2x + 3) = 0 ; (2x + 3) = 0
2x = - 3
; 2x = - 3
X =- ; -

iv)

2x2 + x + 4 = 0
b2 - 4 a c = 0
12 - 4 * 2 * 4 = 0
1 32 = 0
-31 = 0 ; No roots exist.

2. Find the roots of the quadratic equations, given in Q.1 above by applying the
quadratic formula.
i)

2x2 - 7x + 3 = 0
x=
x=
x =
x =
x =
x=

or

x=

x=
x=3

or
or

x=
x=

ii)

2x2 + x 4 = 0
x
x
x
x

iii)

=
=
=
= or

4x2 + 43x + 3 = 0
x=
x =
x =
x=
x =

iv)

2x2 + x + 4 = 0
x=
x =
x =
;

No roots exist.

3. Find the roots of the following equations:

(i)

ii)

x- =3
x2 1 = 3x
x2 3x - 1 = 0
x=
x =
x =
x =
x =

or x =

-=, x-4,7
- =
=
=
=
x2 3x 28 = -30
x2 3x 28 + 30 = 0
x2 3x + 2 = 0
x
x
x
x
x
x

=
=
=
=
=
=

or

x=

x=
x =1

or
or

x=
x =2

4. The sum of the reciprocals of Rehmans ages (in years)3 years ago and 5 years
from now is . Find his present age.

Rehmans age today = x

+ =
=
=
=
3 (2x + 2) = (x2 + 2x 15)
6x + 6
= x2 + 2x 15
2
x + 2x 6x -15 -6 = 0
x2 - 4x 21 = 0
x=
x =
x =
x =
x =
x = or
x =
x = or
x =
x =7
or
x =-3
Rehmans age = 7 years.
5. In a class test, the sum of Shefalis marks in Mathematics and English is 30. Had
she got 2 marks more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the product of
their marks would have been 210. Find her marks in two subjects.
x = Marks in Maths.
y = Marks in English.
x + y = 30 ; y = 30 x
(x + 2)(y 3) = 210
(x + 2)(30 x 3) = 210
(x + 2)(27 x) = 210
27x x2 + 54 2x = 210
-x2 + 25x + 54 210 = 0
-x2 + 25x 156 = 0
x2 25x + 156 = 0
x=
x =
x =
x =
x =
x = or
x =
x =
or
x =
x = 12

or

x = 13

Marks in mathematics = 12 or 13
y = 30 -12 or
y = 18

y = 30 - 13
or
y = 17

Marks in English = 18 or 17
6. The diagonal of a rectangular field is60mts more than the shorter side. If the
longer side is 30 meters more than the shorter side, find the sides of the field.

x + 60

x + 30
x2 + (x + 30)2 = (x + 60)2
x2 + x 2 + 900 + 2 * x * 30 = x 2 + 3600 + 2*x*60
2x 2 + 900 + 60x = x 2 + 3600 + 120x
2x 2 x 2 + 900 3600 + 60x 120x = 0
x 2 60x 2700 = 0
x=
x =
x =
x =
x =
x = or
x =
x = or
x =
x = 90
or
x = - 30
Short side = x = 90 m
Long side = x + 30 = 90 + 30 = 120 m
7. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of smaller number is
8 times the larger number. Find the two numbers.
Smaller number = x
Larger number = y
x 2 = 8y
y2 x 2 = 180
y 2 8y 180 = 0
y=
y=
y =
y =
y =
y = or
y =
y =
or
y =
y = 18
or
x2
x2
x
x

y = - 10

= 8y
= 8 *18
= 144
= +12 or - 12

There fore, smaller number = 12 & Larger number = 18

8. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 Km/h more, it
would have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.
Train speed
= x kmph
Distance
= 360 km
y = Time required for 360 km travel =

y1 = Time required for 360 km travel =

y = y1 + 1
= +1
=
=
360(x + 5) = x (365 + x)
360x + 1800 = 365x + x2
x2 + 365x 360x 1800 = 0
x2 + 5x 1800 = 0
x=
x =
x =
x =
x =
x = or
x=
x =
or
x =
x = 40
or
x = - 45
Train speed = 40 kmph
9. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 hours. The tap of larger diameter
takes 10 hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the time
in which each tap can separately fill the tank.
x = Time taken by large tap to fill
y = Time taken by small tap to fill
x = y 10
.
.
.
.
10.An express train takes 1 hour less than a passenger train to travel 132 km
between Mysore and Bangalore (without taking into consideration the time they
stop at intermediate stations). If the average speed of the express train is
11km/hr more than that of the passenger train, find the average speed of the two
trains.
Distance
= 132 km
x = Average speed of Express Train
y = Average speed of Passenger Train
Time taken for Express Train
=
Time taken for Passenger Train =
x = y + 11 ;
y = x 11
= -1
=
=
=
132 (x 11) = x (143 - x)
132x 1452 = 143x - x2
x2 - 143x + 132x - 1452 = 0
x2 - 11x - 1452 = 0
x=
x =
x =
x =
x =
x = or
x=

x =
x = 44

or

x =
or

x = - 33

Average speed of Express Train x = 44 kmph

y = x 11
y = 44 11 or
y = -33 11
y = 33
or
y = - 44
Average speed of Passenger Train y = 33 kmph
11.Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the difference of their perimeters
is24 m, find the sides of the two squares.
x = side of 1 square
y = side of 2 square
x2 + y2 = 468 - eq. 1
4x 4y = 24
xy=6
x = 6+y
Substitute x value in eq. 1
(6 + y) 2 + y2 = 468
36 + y2 + 12y + y2 = 468
2y2 + 12y + 36 468 = 0
2y2 + 12y 432 = 0
y2 + 6y 216 = 0
y=
y=
y =
y =
y =
y = or
y =
y =
or
y =
y = 12
or
y = -18
side of 2 square y = 12 m
x =
x =
x =
side

6+y
6 + 12 or
x = 6 18
18
or
x = - 12
of 1 square x = 18m

EXERCISE - 4.4
1. Find the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equation. If the real roots
exist, find
them:
i)

2x2 3x + 5 = 0
b2 4ac = 0
(-3) 2 4 * 2 * 5 = 0
9 40 = 0
-31 = 0
No roots exist.

ii)

3x 2 + 43x + 4 = 0
b2 4ac = 0

(43) 2 4*3*4 = 0
16*3 - 48 = 0
48 48 = 0
Only one root i.e. equal roots exist.
3x 2 + 43x + 4 = 0
(3x) 2 + 2 * 3x * 2 + 22 - 22 +4 = 0
(3x + 2) 2 4 + 4 = 0
(3x + 2) 2 = 0
(3x + 2) (3x + 2) = 0
(3x + 2) = 0 ; (3x + 2) = 0

iii)

3x = - 2 ; 3x = - 2
X = ;
2x2 6x + 3 = 0
b2 4ac = 0
(-6) 2 4 * 2 * 3 = 0
36 24 = 0
12 = 0
Roots exist.
2x2 6x + 3 = 0
4x2 12x + 6 = 0
(2x) 2 2 * 2x *3 + 32 32 + 6 = 0
(2x 3) 2 9 + 6 = 0
(2x 3) 2 - 3 = 0
(2x 3) 2 = 3
(2x 3) = 3
2x = 3 + 3
x =

2. Find the values of k for each of the following quadratic equations, so that they
have two equal roots:
i)

ii)

2x2 + kx + 3 =0
b2 4ac = 0
(k) 2 4 * 2 * 3 = 0
(k) 2 - 24 = 0
(k) 2 = 24
k = 24
k = (4 *6)
k = 26
2x2 + kx + 3 = 0
Substitute k value
2x2 + 26x + 3 = 0
4x2 + 46x + 6 = 0
(2x) 2 + 2 * 2x * 6 + (6) 2 (6) 2 + 6 = 0
(2x + 6) 2 6 + 6 = 0
(2x + 6) 2 = 0
2x = -6
x=
kx(x 2) + 6 =0
kx2 2kx + 6 = 0
b2 4ac = 0
(-2k) 2 4 *(k) *6 = 0

4k2 - 24k =0
k2 - 6k = 0
k=
k =
k =
k =
k =
k = or
k =
k= =6
or

k = infinity

kx2 2kx + 6 = 0
6x 2 2*6*x + 6 = 0
6x 2 12x + 6 = 0
x 2 - 2x + 1 = 0
(x 1) 2 = 0
(x 1) = 0
x =1
3. Is it possible to design a rectangular mango grove whose length is twice its
breadth, and the area is 800 m2? If so, find its length and breadth.
x

800 m2

2x
Length = 2x
Breadth = x
Length * breadth = Area
2x * x = 800
2x 2 = 800
x2 =
x 2 = 400
x = 400
x = 20
Breadth = x = 20 m
Length = 2x = 2 *20 = 40 m
4. Is the following situation possible? If so, determine their present ages. The sum
of the ages of two friends is20 years. Four years ago, the product of their ages in
years was 48.
Age of I Friend = x
Age of II Friend = y
x + y = 20 ; y = 20 - x
(x 4)(y 4) = 48
(x 4)(20 x 4) = 48
(x 4)(16 x) = 48
16x x2 64 + 4x = 48
-x2 + 20x 64 = 48
x2 20x + 64 + 48 = 0
x2 20x + 112 = 0
b2 4ac = 0
(-20)2 4 *1 * 112 = 0
400 448 = 0
-48 = 0
No root exist. Hence not possible.

5. Is it possible to design a rectangular park of perimeter 80 m and area 400m2? If

so, find its length and breadth.
Breadth = x
Length = y
xy = 400
y =
Perimeter

=
=
=
=
=
=

2 (x + y) = 80
2 (x + ) = 80
2 ( ) = 80
2x 2 + 800 = 80x
2x 2 + 800 80x = 0
x 2 40x + 400 = 0

Perimeter
x=
x =
x =
x =
x = 20
y = = = 20
Therefore, Length and breadth = 20 m