Igor R. Shafarevich Basic Algebraic Geometry 1 Second, Revised and Expanded Edition Springer-Verlag APOE fhe gd AGH + OH + EME WiseIgor R. Shafarevich Steklov Mathematical Institute Ul. Vavilova 42, 117966 Moscow, Russia Translator: S eyprye &h Miles Reid AAG oO Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick no Coventry CV4 7AL, England; ey 3 e-mail: Miles@Maths. Warwick:Ac.UK, ? With 21 Figures The title of the original Russian edition: Osnovy algebraicheskoj geometrii, tom 1 © Nauka, Moscow 1988 ISBN 3-540-54812-2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-54812-2 Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg ISBN 3-540-08264-6 1. Auflage Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-08264-6 Ist edition Springer-Verlag NewYork Berlin Heidelberg Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, Shafarevich, 1. R. (Igor' Rostislavovich), 1923- [Osnovy algebraicheskot geometrii. English] Basic sis geometry/Igor R. Shafarevich; {translator, Miles Reid]. - 2nd rev. and ex- panded ed. p. cm. “Springer study edition” Includes bibliographical references and in- flexes, ISBN 3-540-54812-2 (Berlin: acid-free: v. 1) ~ ISBN O-387-54812-2 (New York ack free: v. 1). ~ ISBN 3-540-57554-5 (Berlin: acid-free: v. 2). - ISBN 0-387-57554-5 (New York acid-free: v. 2). 1. Geometry, Algebraic. I. Title QAS64S4513 1994 516.3°5. - de20 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitiation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in date banks. Duplicstion of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and a permission for use must always be obtained from§y 5 Miotptigns: gre ible for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. tsb P F680" “ © Springer-Verlag Bertin each toad & 4 at ‘This reprint has been authorized by Spritiget-Vetlag (Berliin/HeidelBerg/New York) for sale in the People’s Republic of China only’and not for export therefrom, Reprinted in China by Beijing World Publishing Corporation, 1998: t .,as the apparatys of algebraic géotnetry was feaching a stéyé ‘that’ permitted a lucid ‘and coricise account of the foundations of the subject. The author was no. longer forced into the painful choice betweeri sacrificing rigour af expositi r geoinetricdl picturé“with cumbertome algebraic apparatus. ; “‘The'l5 years that have elapsed shite the first edition have ance of mariy ‘beaiutiful books treating various bi algebraic geom Howevér, ‘ai fat‘as'T' Know, iio other author lias been attracted to the aim which this book set itself: to give an’ overall View of the many varied aspects of algebraic geometry, without going too far afield into the different theories. There is thus scope for a second edition. In preparing this, I havé-includéed some additional material, rather varied in nature, and have made some small cuts, but.the general character of the book-remains-‘unchanged: ©! * + Tbe three parts of.the hook now:appear as two separate volumes. Book 1 corresponds to:Part.I;.Chapters: [4-IV,-of the first edition.’ Here quite @ tot of material: bf.e.xather :conchete geometric nature: has ‘been added: ‘the first section, forming ai bridge between coordinate geometry:and thé théory of al gebraic.cunves.in the plane, bas been substantially expanded: More space has been given oven to-conerete algebraic varieties: Grassmianniii varieties; plané cubic.curves.qnd the cubi¢.surface. ‘The maiirole that singularities played in the first edition was.in giving rigotous definition: to situations we' wished to avoid. The present edition treats a number of questions’ related to: degatierete fibres in families: degenerations of quadrics and of elliptic curves, the Bertini theorems. We discuss the notion of infinitely near points of algebraic curves on surfaces and normal surface singularities. Finally, some applications tq number theory have been added: the zeta function of algebraic varieties over a finite field and the analogue of the Riemann hypothesis for elliptic cur ‘Books arid & corresponds to Parts I and Il, *Chdptety V-IK of the fire edition They teat’ the foundations of the ‘theory UF sch