Testing Methods

Vecom Marine
clean ships, clean seas

Vecom Marine Alliance is founded by Vecom Group & Unimarine Group - Version 2 - Chapter 10 - Page 11
This information is not to be taken as a warranty or representation
for which we assume legal responsibility, nor as a permission,
inducement or recommendation to practice any patented invention
without a license. The information is offered solely for your
consideration, investigation and verifcation.
BOILER WATER TESTING
FULL SERVICE BOILERS
7 - 28 Kg/cm
2
28 - 57 kg/cm
2
- Excess Phosphate (High Range)
-P and M Alkalinity
- Chlorides
- Conductivity (Using total dissolved solids
meter) type DIST 1 or HI 8734
- Condensate pH
- Hydrazine to prevent oxygen corrosion
SAMPLE FILTERING
There are cases in which the sample taken is too turbid to determine the end-point. In
such a case, fltering of the sample with a special flter paper is necessary. After fltering
it may be necessary to dilute the sample, if still turbid, by adding distilled water. The
result of the test is multiplied by the corresponding factor, which is given in the following
dilution proportion table.
QUANTITY OF QUANTITY OF CORRECTION
SAMPLE DISTILLED WATER FACTOR
(millimeters) (millimeters)
25 25 2
10 40 5
25 50 3
10 90 10
By dilution, the quantity of dissolved foreign matter decreases, and the sample acquires
the necessary clarity for determining color changes.
WATER SAMPLING POINTS
Boiler: From steam drum as provided by manufacturer. Sample should be cooled by
sample coolers to approximately 21 - 26 C
Procedure: Flush and fash blow sample line before taking
sample. Let water run for three to fve minutes after blow-
ing line. Rinse all testing apparatus in clean sample water.
If analysis is to be delayed, sample must be kept in
tightly closed plastic or glass bottle.
Condensate: From main or auxil-
iary condensate pump depending
on which pump is in use.
Feedwater: From main feed line (as
close as possible to boiler).
Make-up Water:
a) From distilled tank or other
storage tank, as appropriate.
b) From evaporator distiller
condenser.
TESTING METHODS
WATER TREATMENT
WATER TREATMENT TESTING METHODS
P & M ALKALINITY TEST KIT
1. Fill the test jar to the 20 ml mark with cooled sample.
2. Add 4 drops of reagent PA1. The sample should turn pink. If it does not, terminate the test and report a result of zero.
3. Add drops of reagent PA2 one at a time with gentle mixing until the pink color disappears. Count the number of drops used.
4. Each drop is equivalent to 40 mg/l P Alkalinity, expressed as CaCO3.
5. Retain the sample after the alkalinity test as this may be used for the Chloride determination if required.
Drops of P Alkalinity Refer to Treatment Guides for ideal concentration.
Reagent PA2 as mg/l CaCO3 General information only is stated below.

1 40 Low Alkalinity; increase product dose to achieve additional 100 mg/l P Alkalinity
2 80
3 20
4 160
5 200 Correct P Alkalinity level
6 240
7 280
8 320
9 360 Reduced by increased blowdown
10 400
Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3)
For Total Alkalinity, replace reagent PA2 with TA4 in step 2.
Colour change in step3 is from Blue to Orange.
Vecom Marine
CHLORIDE TEST KIT
1. Fill the test jar with 20 ml of cooled sample.
Note: if measuring boiled water, use the tested sample from step 3 of the Alkalin-
ity test.
2. Add 4 drops of reagent BC1/CC1. The sample will turn yellow.
3. Add drops of Reagent BC2 one at a time until a pale orange color appears. Count
the number of drops used. Each drop is equivalent to 20 mg/l chloride.
OR
4. Add drops of reagent CC2 one at a time until a pale orange color appears. Count
the number of drops used. Each drop is equivalent to 5 mg/l chloride.
Drops of Chloride as
reagent BC2 mg/l Cl Notes
1 20
2 40
3 60
4 80
5 100
6 120
7 140 Acceptable
8 160 Chlorides
9 180 in low pressure
10 200 boiler
11 220
12 240
13 260
14 280
15 300
16 320
17 340
18 360 Reduce Chlorides
19 380 by increased
20 400 blowdown
TESTING METHODS
WATER TREATMENT
NITRITE TEST KIT
1. Place a cold 0.5 ml sample in the test tube using the plastic syringe provided and add 2-3 ml of nitrite free water (e.g. deionised
or drinking water).
2. Add 4 drops of Reagent N1; the sample will turn an orange color.
3. Add drops of reagent N2 one at a time with mixing until the orange color changes to pale blue. Count
the number of drops used.
4. Each drop is equivalent to 200 mg/l as Nitrite (NO2).
Drops of Nitrite as Notes
N2 Reagent mg/l NO2
1 200
2 400
3 600 The product is undertreated for all engine types and should
4 800 be added to correct the Nitrite level
5 1000
6 1200
7 1400
8 1600
9 1800 Suffcient product for normal speed engines using water that
10 2000 contains up to 50ppm Chloride
11 2200
12 2400 Suffcient product for normal speed engines using water that
13 2600 contains up to 50-100ppm Chloride.
14 2800 Suffcient product for high speed engines using water that contains up to 50ppm Chloride.
15 3000 Suffcient product for high speed engines using water that contains up to
16 3200 50-100ppm Chloride.
17 3400
Vecom Marine
PHOSPHATE TEST KIT
1. Fill the comparator tube to the 5ml mark with sample water (fltered if
necessary).
2. Using the 1ml dropper pipette, add 1ml of Reagent POC-1 to the
comparator tube. Cap the tube and invert to mix. Now WAIT 5 MINUTES.
3. Now add 3 drops of Reagent POC-2 to the test vessel and swirl gently to
mix. A blue colour will develop if phosphate is present in the sample.
4. Place the comparator tube into the comparator and read off the standard
that best matches the colour of the sample. If the sample colour is between
two standards, the value is takes as the midpoint between two standards.
If the colour of the sample exceeds the 10ppm standard, the sample will
require diluting with phosphate free water and re-testing. Use the sample size
indicated below and make up to 5ml with water before testing. Multiply the
result obtained by the comparator factor:
Range (ppm) Sample Size Comparator Factor
0-10 5 ml 1
5-50 1 ml 5
10-100 0.5 ml 10
WATER TREATMENT
TESTING METHODS
TOTAL HARDNESS TEST KIT
0.5 - 30 mg/l (as CaCO3)
1. Fill the test jar to the 40ml mark with sample water
2. Add 20 drops of Reagent TH2 and swirl the test jar to mix.
3. Add 1 scoop of Reagent TH1/P to the test vessel and swirl gently to mix. (If the colour produced appears a little weak,
add more Reagent TH1/P).
4. Add Reagent TH3, one drop at a time, swirling the test vessel after each addition. Count how many drops are required
for the sample to change from wine red to pure blue. Note the number of drops added
5. Each drop of Reagent TH3 is equivalent to 0.5 mg/l (ppm) Hardness (expressed as CaCO3).
Note: For a 20ml sample, multiply the number of drops of TH3 used by 1 to give mg/l (ppm) Hardness (as CaCO3).
No Drops of Hardness
Reagent TH3 (as mg/l CaCO3)
(on a 40ml sample)
1 0.5
2 1
4 2
6 3 Notes
8 4 Hardness levels in boiler feed water
10 5 should be as low as possible.
12 6
14 7
16 8
18 9 Refer to control guidelines for the
20 10 maximum allowable concentration.
22 11
24 12
26 13
28 14
30 15
Vecom Marine
TESTING METHODS
NITRITE TEST KIT
HACH
1. Thoroughly rinse the marked plastic dropper with the water to be tested. Fill the
dropper to the 5 ml mark with the sample and discharge the contents of the dropper
into the color viewing tube.
2. Fill the tube to the upper mark (10 ml) with demineralised water. Stopper the tube
and invert to mix.
3. Divide the diluted sample between the two color viewing tubes in the kit. Each
tube should be filled to the 5 ml mark.
4. Use the clippers to open one NitriVer 2 Nitrite Powder Pillow. Add the contents of
the pillow to one of the tubes. Stopper and shake to mix.
5. If nitrite is present in the sample a greenish-brown color will develop.
6. Allow 10 minutes for full color development.
7. Place the Nitrite Color Disc in the comparator.
8. Place the tube prepared with NitriVer in the right opening of the color comparator.
9. Place the other tube of diluted sample in the left opening of the color comparator.
10. Hold the comparator up to a constant light source and look through the opening
of the comparator. Rotate the disc until a color match is obtained. Read the scale
WATER TREATMENT
P- and Total Alkalinity Test
Using HACH TEST KIT (model AL-AP MG-L cat. no.24443-01)
High Range Test (20-400 mg/lt)
1. Fill plastic tube full (to the top) with sample water.
2. Pour the contents of the tube into the mixing bottle.
3. Add the contents of one Phenolphtalein Indicator Powder Pillow to the mixing bottle.
4. Swirl to mix. If the water remains colorless, the Phenolphtalein Alkalinity is zero. In this case, proceed to step 7.
5. If the sample turns pink, add Sulfuric Acid Standard Solution one drop at a time. Count each drop. Swirl the mixing bottle
after each drop is added. Add drops until the sample turns colorless.
6. Multiply by 20 the number of drops of titrant used. This is the mg/lt of Phenolphtalein Alkalinity as Calcium Carbonate
(CACO
3
). mg/lt CACO
3
phenolphtalein alkalinity = number of drops x 20
7. Add the contents of one Bromcresol Green - Methyl Red Indicator Powder Pillow to the mixing bottle.
8. Swirl to mix.
9. Add Sulfuric Acid Standard Solution one drop at a time. Count each drop. Swirl the mixing bottle after each drop is added. Add
drops until the sample turns pink.
10. Multiply by 20 the total number of drops of titrant used in both steps 5 and 9. This is the total mg/lt of Methyl Orange Alkalinity
as Calcium Carbonate (CACO
3
). mg/lt CACO
3
methyl orange alkalinity = number of drops x 20
Low Range Test (5-100 mg/lt)
1. Fill the mixing bottle to the 23 ml mark with sample water.
2. Add the contents of one Phenolphtalein Indicator Powder Pillow.
3. Swirl to mix. If the water remains colorless, the Phenolphtalein Alkalinity is zero. In this case, proceed to step 6.
4. If the sample turns pink, add Sulfuric Acid Standard Solution one drop at a time. Count each drop. Swirl the mixing bottle
after each drop is added. Add drops until the sample turns colorless.
5. Multiply by 5 the number of drops of titrant used. This is the mg/lt of Phenolphtalein Alkalinity as Calcium Carbonate
(CACO
3
). mg/lt CACO
3
phenolphtalein alkalinity = number of drops x 5
6. Add the contents of one Bromcresol Green - Methyl Red Indicator Powder Pillow to the mixing bottle.
7. Swirl to mix.
8. Add Sulfuric Acid Standard Solution one drop at a time. Count each drop. Swirl the mixing bottle after each drop is added. Add
drops until the sample turns pink.
9. Multiply by 5 the total number of drops of titrant used in both steps 4 and 8. This is the total mg/lt of Methyl Orange Alkalinity
as Calcium Carbonate (CACO
3
). mg/lt CACO
3
methyl orange alkalinity = number of drops x 5
Replacements
- Alkalinity Reagent Set, drop count titration 5-400 mg/lt as CACO
3
(contains Bromcresol Green - Methyl Red Indicator Powder
Pillows, Phenolphtalein Indicator Powder Pillows, Sulfuric Acid Standard Solution 0,035N)
- Sulfuric Acid Standard Solution 0,035N
- Mixing Bottle
- Mixing Tube, plastic, 5,83 ml
Model AL-AP MG-L
cat. no.24443-01
Vecom Marine
Chlorides Test for Boiler- and Cooling-Water
Using HACH TEST KIT (model 8P cat. no. 1440-01)
High Range Test (0-400 mg/lt)
1. Fill plastic tube full (to the top) with sample water.
2. Pour the contents of the tube into the mixing bottle.
3. Add the contents of one Chloride 2 Indicator Powder Pillow to the mixing bottle.
4. Swirl to mix.
5. Add the Silver Nitrate Titrant drop by drop to the water in the mixing bottle.
Hold the dropper in a vertical position and swirl the bottle to mix after each drop
is added. Count each drop as it is added until the water changes from yellow to
orange in color (an orange - red, rust color indicates the endpoint has been
exceeded).
6. To obtain the chloride content of the water in mg/lt as Cl, multiply the number of
drops that were added by 20.
7. To express the results as mg/lt Sodium Chloride NaCl, multiply the mg/lt
Chloride found in the test by 1,6.
Low Range Test (0-100 mg/lt)
1. Fill the mixing bottle to the 23 ml mark with sample water.
2. Add the contents of one Chloride 2 Indicator Powder Pillow.
4. Swirl to mix.
5. Add the Silver Nitrate Titrant drop by drop to the water in the mixing bottle.
Hold the dropper in a vertical position and swirl the bottle to mix after each drop
is added. Count each drop as it is added until the water changes from yellow to
orange in color (an orange - red, rust color indicates the endpoint has been
exceeded).
6. To obtain the chloride content of the water in mg/lt as Cl, multiply the number of
drops that were added by 5.
7. To express the results as mg/lt Sodium Chloride NaCl, multiply the mg/lt
Chloride found in the test by 1,6.
Replacements
- Chloride 2 Indicator Powder Pillows
- Silver Nitrate Titrant, 0,0493N
- Measuring Tube
- Mixing Bottle
- Sodium Chloride Standard Solution, 298 mg/lt as Cl, 491 mg/lt as NaCl
(not included in test kit).
Model 8P cat. no. 1440-01
WATER TREATMENT
TESTING METHODS
EASY-TO-USE TEST KITS - BOILER & COOLING WATER
RECOMMENDED TREATMENT
Diesel engine/cooling water testing
Nitrites COOLTREAT NCLT
Chlorides COLORCOOLING
pH NCLT/AL ALUMINIUM
RECOMMENDED TREATMENT
Motor vessels with low-pressure boilers
P Alkalinity BOILER TREAT
Chlorides (or TDS meter) CONDENSATE TREAT
Nitrite COOLTREAT NCLT
pH BOILER TREAT MULTI
SENIOR CABINET RECOMMENDED TREATMENT
High-pressure boiler water testing
Hardness HARDNESS CONTROL
P Alkalinity ALKALINITY CONTROL
M Alkalinity HYDRAZINE
Chlorides CONDENSATE CONTROL
Phosphate OXYGEN CONTROL
pH (pH meter) LIQUID COAGULANT
Hydrazine -
Conductivit TDS meter -
A TEST KIT TO SUIT ALL YOUR
REQUIREMENTS
Vecom TEST APPARATUS
TEST CABINET
The TEST CABINET has to be positioned close to fresh water
tab so that all glassware can be washed after any of the tests.
Measures: 440 x 290 x 620
Distance center holes to hang up cabinet: 358 mm
Weight fully equipped: approx. 25 kg
STANDARD TEST CABINET
Burette only 10 mis 3
Reservoir bottle (glass) for burette 1
Aspirator bulb w/glass tube 1
Stopper rubber 2 holes 1
Brass dipper 1
Brush test tube 1
Casserole dish 1
Cylinder graduated 50 mis 1
Cylinder graduated 100 mis 1
Dropper bottles 3
Filter paper box 12 cm. 1
Funnel 1
Measuring cup for water sample 500 cc 1
Phosphate comparator block 20 80 PPM 1
Phosphate test tube marked 5-10-14-17.5 1
Plastic squeeze bottle for molybdate 1
pH Test paper 1
Stirring rod 1
Shaker bottle 50 ml 1
REAGENTS
Methyl orange 1
Molybdate reagent 1
Phenolphtalein 1
Potassium chromate 1
Silver nitrate N/10 1
Silver nitrate N/50 (HP Boiler) 1
Standard soap solution 1
Stannous chloride powder 1
Sulfuric acid N.10 1
SODIUM NITRITE TEST KIT
Sample tube marked 25 ml 1
Dropper bottle 1
Plastic dipper 1
Acid sulfate 1
Potassium permanganate 1
pH TEST KIT (Optional)
Test tube marked 10 - 11 ml 1
Dropper bottle 1
pH color indicator card 1
pH Reagent wide range 1
HYDRAZINE TEST KIT (Optional LP Boiler)
Hydrazine comparator block LP (0-0,5) 1
Dropper bottle 1
Amber bottle marked 44 mis 1
Test tube marked 5 - 10 mis 1
Hydrazine reagent A 1
Hydrazine reagent B 1
HYDRAZINE TEST KIT (HP Boiler)
Test Kit, contains 30 CHEMets, sampling tube comparator,
mounting clamps, fnger cot & instructions, K-7540
Refll Pack, contains 30 CHEMets, R-7540
Comparator, contains liquid color standard
0,5,10,15,20,25,30,40 PPB, C-7540
Sampling Tube, package of six, A-0020
Mounting Clamp Adhesive, package of six, A-0022
Mounting Clamp Permanent, package of six, A-0034
Finger Cot, package of ten, A-0028
SULFITE TEST (Optional)
Reagents:
Standard N/80 Potassium Iodine-Iodate Solution 1
Dry Acid Starch Indicator 1
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT (Optional)
TDS METER Total dissolved solid/HI 8734 1
TDS METER DIST 1 1
pH METER Digital (pH ep+) 1
APPARATUS FOR WATER TESTS
SOAP HARDNESS TEST
This test is conducted to measure any hardness such as CaCO
3
in the boiler water.
Apparatus:
10 ml Automatic Burette Complete (1)
50 ml Graduated Soap Hardness Shaker Bottle (1)
Reagent:
Standard Soap Solution (1 ml = Calcium Carbonate)
Procedure:
1. If the sample to be tested is highly turbid, it should frst be fltered. Any suspended
hardness will give erroneous results.
2. Fill burette to 0 mark with Soap Solution, making sure that delivery tube is flled
to tip.
3. Wash shaker-bottle thoroughly and rinse with sample to be tested.
4. Add 50 ml of cooled sample into the shaker bottle, using the graduated mark on
the bottle for a guide.
5. Add Soap Solution from the burette, 0.2 at a time, shaking vigorously after each
addition. Continue the addition of Soap Solution until a permanent lather is formed.
(a lather is considered permanent if it covers the entire surface of the sample after 10 - 20 second with the bottle turned
on its side).
6. Record burette reading. Deduct 0.3 mis from the reading. This is the lather factor of the Soap Solution and is the amount of
Soap Solution required giving a lasting lather on zero hardness water. The result after such deduction is the total hardness
of the sample. Multiply this value by 20 to get parts per million. Enter parts per million hardness on the log sheet.
EXCESS PHOSPHATE TEST
High Range
Apparatus:
Phosphate Mixing Testing Tube graduated at
5 ml and 17.5 ml with Rubber Stopper (1)
Brass Measuring Spoon (1)
Phosphate Color Comparator Block (1)
Reagents:
Dry Stannous Chloride Power
Molybdate Reagent
Procedure:
1. Using the funnel and the flter paper, flter a small portion of the water to be tested into a cylinder.
2. If the fltered sample is not clear it should be Re-fltered until a clear sample is obtained. It is important that no suspended
matter should be present in the fltered sample.
3. Pour the clear fltered sample from the cylinder into the combination mixing-testing tube to the frst graduated line
(this is at 5 ml).
4. Add Molybdate Reagent to the 17.5 ml graduated line.
5. Mix well and then add one brass measuring cupful of Stannous Chloride Powder.
6. Insert rubber stopper into combination mixing-testing tube. Shake well and allow to stand for a minute or two again to permit
solution to mix thoroughly. A blue color will develop if any Phosphate is present.
7. To determine the amount of Phosphate present, compare the blue color of the sample in the combination mixing-testing tube
with the standard colors in the Phosphate comparator block. For example, if the intensity of the blue color in the test tube
is half way between 40 parts per million and 60 part per million standard colors, then 50 PPM is present in the sample.
8. Record this value as the Phosphate concentration in parts per million on the log sheet.
LOW PHOSPHATE TEST FOR HIGH PRESSURE BOILER from 57 to 102 Kg/cm2
The phosphate test tube must be marked 5-10-14-17,5 ml but is used only to the 10-14 ml marks.
1. Filter 10 ml of boiler water into phosphate mixing test tube.
2. Add molybdate reagent to 14 ml mark. Stopper tube and mix well.
3. Add one level brass dipper of dry stannous chloride. Stopper tube and mix well, allow to stand 1-5 minutes. A light blue
color will develop if phosphate is present.
4. Place phosphate mixing test tube in the phosphate comparator block and compare the color.
Note: from 57 to 102 kg/cm2 level phosphates must be 10-25 PPM.
HYDRAZINE TEST
(Low Pressure Boiler Water)
Apparatus:
Hydrazine Comparator Block (0-0.5 PPM) (1)
Test tube marked at 5 and 10 ml, with stopper (1)
Amber stopper bottle marked at 44 ml for making
mixed Hydrazine Reagent (1)
Plastic measuring spoon (approximately 1/2 teaspoon) (1)
Reagents:
Hydrazine Reagent A - powder
Hydrazine Reagent B - liquid
Every two weeks prepare the freshly mixed Hydrazine Reagent used in this test: Mix 1 rounded plastic spoonful (approximately 1/2
level teaspoon) Hydrazine Reagent A in 44 ml Hydrazine Reagent B in the amber glass bottle. Shake until Reagent Powder A is
completely dissolved. Keep tightly closed in a cool place. Discard any mixed reagent over two weeks old.
Procedure:
Make test immediately after drawing sample to minimize contact with oxygen. Do not flter this sample.
1. Rinse test tube with water to be analyzed.
2. Fill test tube to the 5 ml mark with sample to be tested.
3. Add mixed Hydrazine Reagent to the 10 ml mark.
4. Stopper test tube and thoroughly mix. Allow to stand for 5 minutes.
5. Place test tube in comparator block and compare the color of the sample nearest to the color standard.
6. Record PPM of Hydrazine on the log sheet.
SULFITE TEST
(Low Pressure Boiler Water)
Apparatus:
Automatic 10 ml Burette Complete (1)
50 ml Graduated Cylinder (1)
Stirring Rod (1)
Casserole Dish (1)
Reagents:
Standard N/80 Potassium Iodide - Iodate Solution
Dry Acid Starch Indicator
Procedure:
1. Measure 50 ml of the cooled boiler water 21-26 C to be tested in the
graduated cylinder and pour the sample into the casserole.
2. While stirring the sample constantly with the stirring rod, add 2 drops
of Phenolphtalein. The sample turns red.
3. While continuing to stir, add one, two or more dippers full of Dry Acid Starch Indicator to the sample in the casserole dish
until the red color disappears.
4. Fill the burette with Potassium Iodide - Iodate to the zero mark.
5. Resume stirring the sample and add Potassium Iodide - Iodate, drop by drop, from the burette to the casserole.
6. Stop adding the Potassium Iodide - Iodate when a faint but permanent blue color appears. This is the end-point. Read the burette.
Results: When testing a 50 ml sample: Burette reading in ml x 10 = PPM. Sulfte as SO
3
.
Example: 2.5 ml x 10 + 25 PPM. Sulfte SO
3
.
Note: The end-point is the frst appearance of a faint, permanent blue color; not the deep blue color that develops if Potassium
Iodide - Iodate is added past the end-point.
The accuracy of this test is affected by any oxidizing substance in the water sample, such as organic matter, sulfte or nitrite, which
may actually present. Keep sample bottle capped until ready to use.
HYDRAZINE TEST FOR HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS
From 57 to 102 Kg/cm
2
(model H5 cat. n K5005)
This test is conducted to measure the hydrazine as N
2
H
4
Apparatus:
Hydrazine comparator cylinder (1)
Snapper (1)
Hydrazine sample self-flling vial (1)
Reagents:
n 30 vials (CHEMets Type H cat. n R 5005)
Procedure:
1. Place a CHEMet in the barrel of the snapper, tapered tip frst, and immerse the end of the snapper in the sample. Press the
vial with the thumb to snap the tip. The sample fuid will fll the ampoule, mix with the reagent, and form colored solution
whose intensity corresponds to the concentration of hydrazine. A small bubble will remain in the tube
2. Remove the ampoule from the snapper and invert it several times, allowing the bubble to travel from end to end each time
until the solution is uniform in color.
3. Allow 10 minutes for color development, then place the ampoule in the center tube of the comparator, fat end frst. The top
of the cylinder is then directed toward a strong white light while viewing from the bottom. Hold the comparator in a nearly
horizontal position and rotate it until the color standard below the vial shows the closest match.
P.S.: if the sample is turbid remember to flter it prior to testing to avoid errors in reading.
CHLORIDE TEST FOR HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS
Apparatus:
10 ml Automatic Burette Complete (1)
50 ml Measuring cylinder graduated (1)
Casserole dish (1)
Stirring rod (1)
1 oz. Dropper bottle (1)
Reagents:
Potassium Chromate
Silver Nitrate N/50
Procedure:
1. Fill the silver nitrate N\50 burette to the zero mark.
2. To the same sample remaining from total alkalinity test, add 1 dropper full
of potassium chromate Indicator. This will produce a yellow color.
3. Add silver nitrate N\50 from the automatic burette one drop at a time.
Stir continuously until a reddish brown color develops.
4. This is the end point.
Note: Deduct a blank of 0.2 ml of the burette reading and then multiply by 14 to obtain parts per million in terms of Cl. Record the
PPM of Cl on the log sheet.
Alternative Chloride test:
To 50 ml of new water sample add four drops of phenolphtalein. If pink color develops add sulfuric acid N\10 until color disappears.
Then proceed with point 1 above.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN TEST METHODS FOR HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS
THE CHEMet TEST METHOD
Calorimetric determination of dissolved oxygen in boiler feedwater is well established as an accurate and reliable test method (ASTM
D888). However, the development of CHEMets1 and the use of a more sensitive reagent, Rhodazine D2, have greatly improved
the calorimetric test. With CHEMets, the chance for atmospheric contamination has been reduced and the need for preparing and
using a highly degradable reagent has been eliminated. The use of Rhodazine D has also expanded the area of applicability to
seawater. Each CHEMet contains a carefully measured quantity of Rhodazine D suffcient to react with a level of oxygen slightly
higher than the range of the test. In its reduced (in-oxidized) form, the dye is a pale yellow; however, contact with oxygen changes the
color to a deep rose.
MOUNTING THE SAMPLING TUBE
The plastic sampling tube supplied with this kit is a convenient and reliable method of avoiding atmospheric
contamination during sampling. Two clamps are included for attaching the sampling tube to any conveniently
located, fat surface. Mounting the clamp is accomplished either by screw or adhesive. If no convenient fat
surface is available, the sampling tube can be attached to a vertical rod or pipe above a sink, drain or bucket.
To use the black, screw-mounted clamp, insert a screw (not included) through the hole in the back of the
clamp and affx it at the desired location. To use the gray, adhesive- backed clamp, simply peel off the paper
backing and press the clamp frmly into place. Flexible rubber tubing should be used to connect the sampling
tube to the feedwater source. Press the lower portion of the sampling tube into the jaws of the clamp with the
rubber tubing connection directed downward.
SAMPLING
The most critical part of any dissolved oxygen (D.O.) test is sampling. The sample stream must be completely
leak-free, since even the smallest bubble can elevate the level of D.O. in the sample and cause errors in the
analysis. New sampling systems should be purged for several hours, while those used routinely may require
only a few minutes. For best results, the sample stream should be cooled to ambient temperature before
performing the test procedure. The fow rate of the sample stream should be 500-1000 ml per minute.
TEST PROCEDURE
1. For several minutes, purge the sampling system with feedwater that is fowing at the fastest possible rate, and has a
temperature of 180-210F. This will remove trapped air bubbles. Reduce the fow to 500-1000 ml per minute and cool the
sample to ambient temperature.
2. When the system is fully purged, insert a CHEMet so that the tapered tip is at the bottom of the sampling tube. Snap
the tip by gently pressing the upper end of the ampoule toward the wall of the sampling tube (see drawing). The sample
will fll the ampoule and begin to mix with the reagent. NOTE: a small bubble of inert gas will remain in the ampoule to
facilitate mixing.
3. Immediately remove the CHEMet from the sampling tube. Keep the tip down and cover the opening with a fnger.
NOTE: Use the fnger cot supplied with the kit to prevent skin puncture.
4. The color comparison must be made within 30 seconds after breaking the tip of the ampoule. Quickly mix the contents of the
ampoule by inverting it several times, allowing the bubble to travel from end to end each time.
5. Wipe all liquid from the exterior of the ampoule and use the comparator to determine the level of dissolved oxygen in the
sample.
USING THE COMPARATOR
The CHEMet is placed in the center tube of the comparator, fat end downward. The top of the cylinder is
then directed toward a source of bright, white light while viewing from the bottom. Hold the comparator in a
nearly horizontal position and rotate it until the color standard below the CHEMet shows the closest match.
REORDER INFORMATION
Test Kit: 30 CHEMets, sampling tube comparator, mounting clamps, fnger cot, & instructions K-7540
Refll Pack, contains 30 CHEMets R-7540
Comparator, contains liquid color standards 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 PPB C-7540
Sampling Tube, package of six A-0020
Mounting Clamp Adhesive, package of six A-0022
Mounting Clamp Permanent, package of six A-0034
Finger Cot, package of ten A-0028
WATER
SAMPLE
MEASURING
D.O.
IN A
FLOWING
STREAM
PHENOLPHTALEIN ALKALINITY TEST (P-ALKALINITY)
Apparatus:
10 ml, Automatic Burette Complete (1)
50 ml Measuring Cylinder (1)
Casserole Dish (1)
Stirring Rod (1)
1 oz. Dropping Bottle (1)
Reagents:
Phenolphtalein indicator Solution
Sulfuric Acid N/10.
Procedure:
1. If the sample to be tested is turbid, it should frst be fltered.
2. Fill burette to 0 mark with sulfuric acid solution, making sure that
delivery tube is flled to tip.
3. Wash casserole dish and measuring cylinder thoroughly and rinse with sample to be tested.
4. Measure 50 ml of cooled sample using the measuring cylinder and transfer into casserole dish.
5. Add 4 drops of phenolphtalein Indicator to the sample and stir. If the sample remains colorless, record P = 0 and proceed to
the following test. If sample turns pink proceed as follows.
6. Add sulfuric acid slowly from burette, a few drops at a time, mixing thoroughly after each addition. Continue addition of acid
until pink color just disappears. Note: Multiply burette reading by 100 to get parts per million. Record parts per million on
log sheet under P-Alkalinity.
Do not discard sample. Keep for next test. Do not refll burette to 0 mark.
TOTAL ALKALINITY TEST (M-ALKALINITY)
Apparatus:
Same as previous test
Reagents:
Methyl Orange
Sulfuric Acid N/10
Procedure:
Using the same water sample from the previous alkalinity test, proceed as
follows:
1. Add 3 drops of methyl orange Indicator to the sample. If the sample
turns salmon pink, record M = P on the log sheet. If a yellow color
develops, proceed as follows.
2. Add sulfuric acid slowly from the burette, a few drops at a time, mixing
thoroughly after each addition of acid until the color changes from yellow to salmon pink. Note: Multiply burette reading by 100
to get parts per million, Record parts per million on the log sheet under M-Alkalinity.
Do not discard sample. Keep for the next test.
As an alternative to Methyl Orange, Methyl Purple may be substituted, proceeding as follows:
1. Add 3 drops of methyl purple indicator to the sample. If the sample turns purple, record M = P on the log sheet. If a green
color develops, proceed as follows.
2. Add sulfuric acid slowly from the burette, a few drops at a time, mixing thoroughly after each addition of acid until the color
changes from green to purple.
CHLORIDES TEST
Apparatus:
10 ml, Automatic Burette Complete (1)
50 ml Measuring Cylinder (1)
Casserole Dish (1)
Stirring Rod (1)
1 oz, Dropper Bottle (1)
Reagents:
Potassium Chromate
N/10 Silver Nitrate Solutions
Procedure:
1. Fill the silver nitrate burette to the zero mark, to the same sample
remaining from the total alkalinity test; add 1 dropper full of
potassium chromate indicator. This will produce a yellow color.
2. Add silver nitrate from the automatic burette one drop at a time,
stirring continuously until a light reddish brown color develops.
3. This is the end point.
Note: Multiply the burette reading by 71 to obtain ports per million in terms of Cl. Record parts per million as Cl. on the log sheet.
Alternative Chlorides Test:
To 50 ml of new water sample add four drops phenolphtalein. If pink color develops add sulfuric acid until the color disappears, Then
proceed with 1 above. Use this alternative chloride test for cooling water.
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS METER HI 8734
The HI 8734 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) meter is designed to give precise TDS measurements for solution ranging from colonized
water up to seawater Its multi-range capability allows you to use it in a wide variety of applications without the need of changing probes.
The HI 8734 has manual temperature compensation with digital readout for temperature, and an adjustable trimmer to calibrate read-
ings, Probe with a 1 m cable allows you to take measurements in those hard-to reach places. One 9V battery for complete probability
powers the meter. The HI 8734 is ideal for such diverse applications as controlling the amount of fertilizer in an irrigation system, verify-
ing water quality, and preventing scale build up in boilers and cooling towers.
SPECIFICATIONS
Instrument and probe complete with soft carrying case
Range:
- Low range 0.0 to 199.9 mg/lt. or PPM
- Medium range 0 to 1999 mg/lt. or PPM
- High range 0.00 to 19,99 g/It or 19990 PPM
Resolution:
- Low range 0,1 mg/lt.
- Medium range 1 mg/lt.
- High range 0.01 g/lt.
Accuracy:
- 1% full scale
Temperature Compensation:
- Manual from 0 to 50C by means of the knob
Display:
- A 4 digit LC display plus symbols
Power Supply:
- A 9V battery providing approximately 100 hours of continuous use.
Probe:
- A four-ring probe
- Probe material: PVC
- Electrode material: Stainless steel
Dimensions:
- 180 x 83 x 46 mm (Length x Width x Height)
Weight:
- 620 g
Optional Accessories:
- HI 76301 Spare Electrode
- HI 7032 Calibration Solution
- Digital Thermometer
1. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Remove the instrument from the packing material and examine carefully to make sure that no damage has occurred during shipment
if noticeable damage is evident, immediately notify the shipper and contact your VECOM OFFICE.
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The HI 8734 Total Dissolved Solids Meter determines the total quantity of solids present in an aqueous solution by measuring the
conductivity at 25C and providing a read-out, which is equivalent
to the measured value multiplied by 0.5. The conductivity of any given solution depends upon the temperature and for this reason,
if the measurement is not performed at 25C, temperature compensation must be performed. Adjusting the knob on the front panel
automatically compensates the measurement for temperature differences by a coeffcient of 2% per degrees Centigrade. The T.D.S.
measurement (expressed in mg/lt. or PPM) is an approximate indication of the total quantity of solids present in a solution as the ratio
between conductivity and T.D.S. depends upon the type of solids, which are present in the solution. In any case, when rigorous preci-
sion is not required or when only measurement repeatability is required this conductivity method often results to be the most simple
and direct. Three measurement ranges are provided which allow for measurements from 0,0 mg/lt. to 19.99 g/lt. (19990 PPM). The
instrument comes equipped with a probe in a PVC body with 4 stainless steel electrodes and protected by a PVC sleeve with drilled
in holes for air to escape. This sleeve must not be removed during measurement because its presence obliges the current being mea-
sured to follow a predetermined course.
3. THE FRONT PANEL
The front panel is equipped with: (see Fig. 1)
- A 4-digit LCD plus a V symbol which indicates when the battery must be replaced;
- A knob for temperature compensation from 0 to 50 C;
- A keyboard for switching the instrument on and off and for the selection of the range most suited to the type of measurement
being performed.
4. CALIBRATION
In order to calibrate the instrument, a solution containing a signifcant quantity of dissolved solids must be used. If a ratio of exactly 0.5
mg/lt. per S/cm is desired, Hi 7032 solution may be used which has a conductivity index of 2764 S/cm at 25C equivalent to a T.D.S.
value of 1382 mg/lt.
In order to perform the calibration:
- Switch the instrument on.
- Immerse the probe in the solution.
- Wait until the probe comes into equilibrium with the temperature of the solution (a matter of minutes).
- Take the temperature of the calibration solution.
- Set the Temperature knob to the measured temperature value.
- Switch the instrument to the appropriate measurement scale for the sample solution being used (1999 mg/lt. for the Hi 7032
solution).
- Turn the internal trimmer (Fig. 1) so as to read the correct value on the display (1382 mg/lt. for the Hi 7032 solution at 25C. This
trimmer may be reached with a thin screwdriver through the hole on the right side of the casing. If the temperature of the
calibration solution is not 25C refer to the table of conductivity values printed on the solution label for the correct trimmer setting.
- For maximum precision, calibrate the instrument to within + 5 degrees of the working temperature, and keep the bottles of
standard solution well sealed in order to limit evaporation and keep possible interactions with the environment to a minimum.
5. T.D.S. MEASUREMENTS
Once the instrument has been calibrated, set the Temperature knob to the temperature value of the liquid being measured and
immerse the probe. Make sure that bubbles of air do not remain trapped inside the probe. For this reason, slightly tap the probe on the
bottom of the recipient. If the read-out value is higher than the selected scale, the display will indicate a 1 in the digit closed to be
left, while the other digits will remain turned off, In this case, select the next higher range.
6. PROBE MAINTENANCE
After every series of measurements, rinse the electrode with normal tap water. If more through cleaning is required, remove the PVC
sleeve and clean to electrode with a cloth or a non-abrasive detergent. When reinserting the sleeve into the probe, be sure that the
sleeve is in the right direction with the four holes nearer to the cable-end. The probe body is in PVC and this is the reason why it must
never come into close contact with a heat-source. If the probe is subjected to excessive heating, detachment of the rings might occur,
resulting in a serious impairment of the functioning of the probe.
DIST 1 ATC TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS TESTER
SPECIFICATIONS:
- Range 10 to 1990 PPM
- Resolution 10 PPM
- Accuracy + 2% Fs
- Temperature compensation Automatic 5C to 50C
- Battery 4 x 1,4V (Duracell MP 675H or equivalent)
- Battery life 200 hours (approx.)
- Operating temperature 0C to 50C
- Size (L x W x H) 142 x 29 x 15mm
- Adjustment By trimmer
- Weight 91 gr. (approx.)
OPERATING INFORMATION:
- Remove protective cap (fgure1)
- Turn on Dist by On-Off switch located on top (fgure2)
- Dip Dist in solution up to the immersion level (fgure 2)
- Under no circumstances immerse above display level
- Stir gently and wait a few seconds
- When Dist is frst introduced to a solution, the readings might decrease or increase for some time depending on whether the
temperature is above or below 20C respectively. This is due to the fact that Dist is compensating for the difference in
temperature. Please wait approx. 2 minutes to allow the temperature sensor to fully compensate for the temperature variance.
- When not in use, switch off Dist and replace protective cap.
- To improve performance, clean the stainless steel electrodes periodically rinsing it in alcohol for a few minutes.
- Replace all 4 batteries if the display becomes faint or disappears or
if the readings are unstable or constant.
- To change batteries, pull out the battery case (fgure 2) and replace
batteries.
- Dist is pre-adjusted in factory at 20C, with Atc, Dist automatically
adjusts the subsequent readings at 2% per degree. To read the
value of the solution at please dip Dist in a known solution at 25C
and adjust the reading by the adjustment trimmer (see fgure 2).
- To readjust Dist, dip it in a known solution at 20C (or other
temperature if working with a different reference point) and correct
the reading if necessary by trimmer using a small screwdriver.
pH TEST OF CONDENSATE
This test is conducted to determine the pH of condensate when Hydrazine or Condensate Control is used. Recommended range 8.3
to 9.0. In no case should the Hydrazine reserve in the boiler water exceed 0.1 PPM.
Apparatus:
50 ml Graduated Measuring Cylinder (1)
Casserole Dish (1)
Stirring Rod (1)
Reagents:
Phenolphtalein
N/10 Sulfuric Acid
Procedure:
1. Obtain sample of condensate from nearest point to the main condenser, preferably the condensate pump discharge.
2. Thoroughly rinse measuring cylinder in sample to be tested and measure 50 ml transfer sample to casserole dish and add
four drops of phenolphtalein.
3. If no color change occurs the pH is below 8.3
4. If a faint pink color develops add N/10 sulfuric acid one drop at a time until the pink disappears.
5. This is the end-point.
6. If one drop of N/10 sulfuric acid changes the color from pink to clear; log pH of condensate = 8.3.
7. If two drops of N/10 sulfuric acid changes the color; log pH = 8.5 - 3 = 8.7 - 4 = 8.9.
Note: for high-pressure boiler pH test:
If more than 2 drops of sulfuric acid N/10 are necessary to change the color, reduce the hydrazine or the condensate dosage until
a pH between 8,3 to 8,5 is obtained. If the quantity of sulfuric acid N/10 necessary to change the color is such to read a P-alkalinity
very close to the boiler alkalinity, could means a possible carry over or infltration to de-super-heater.
pH TEST WIDE RANGE
Apparatus:
Stopper vial marked at 10 and 11 ml (1)
Color Comparator card (1)
Reagent:
Wide range pH indicator (range 3-11).
Procedure:
1. Fill vial to frst mark (10 ml) with sample to be tested.
2. Fill to second mark (11 ml) with Wide Range pH indicator.
3. Stopper vial and invert to mix.
4. Compare color to color comparator card and record results.
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS:
7 - 28 KG/CM
2
(100 - 400 PSIG) DOSE ALKALINITY CONTROL
- Total alkalinity should be less than twice the P-Alkalinity. If total Alkalinity is greater than twice the P-Alkalinity, blowdown
and use ALKALINITY CONTROL.
- When using distilled water make-up, maximum chlorides allowable should not exceed 100 PPM.
- Check chlorides when using raw water make-up. Maximum allowable before blowdown should never exceed 300 PPM in
low-pressure boiler.
Note: chlorides are an indication of the dissolved solids present in boiler water. For accurate determination of dissolved solids use a
conductivity meter.
Condensate pH:
Maintain 8.3-9.0
LIQUID COAGULANT:
If needed, dose 250 ml daily, per boiler. Flash blow frequently.
CONDUCTIVITY (T.D.S.)
Maximum 600 PPM blowdown to reduce
All chemical dosages are based on distilled water make-up.
Additional chemical dosage will be necessary when raw water make-up is used.
DOSE HARDNESS CONTROL
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
57 - 102 KG/CM
2
(800 - 1500 PSIG)
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
57 - 102 KG/CM
2
(800 - 1500 PSIG)
HYDRAZINE TESTING AND CONTROL
It is desirable to minimize the quantity of hydrazine employed to scavenge oxygen, for economy as well as reducing the amount of
ammonia that will be formed by the decomposition of hydrazine. Ammonia in the presence of oxygen is corrosive to copper and copper
alloys. It will be necessary to test the hydrazine residuals in the boiler daily in order to obtain complete protection with minimum doses
of HYDRAZINE. If the hydrazine residual in the boiler is over 0.1 PPM, reduce the dosage of HYDRAZINE until the boiler hydrazine
residual falls below the recommended maximum of 0.1 PPM. If the hydrazine residual does not immediately drop below the 0.1 PPM
level, the boiler should be blowdown to reduce the hydrazine level. New boilers, or those recently open for inspection and repair,
may take several weeks to achieve a normal boiler hydrazine residual due to oxides. This is normal, and until a hydrazine residual is
obtained in the boiler water, test the feed water for the hydrazine content. Maintain the hydrazine reading in the feed water between
0.02 and 0.03 PPM. No oxygen is entering the boiler with the feed water when hydrazine is present in the water. HYDRAZINE may
be dosed into the feed pump suction, more preferably, to the storage section of the deaerator, which will maximize the residence and
reaction time. A separate dosing tank and pump set should be used for dosing HYDRAZINE to the system. (CONDENSATE CONTROL
may be fed with the HYDRAZINE.) The estimated daily dose should be mixed with condensate and the pump should be to deliver the
daily dosage over an entire 24 hour period. If a pump and tank set is not available, HYDRAZINE (and CONDENSATE CONTROL) can
be added to the system through a tank and fowmeter into the atmospheric drain tank.
57 - 102 KG/CM
2
(800 - 1500 PSIG)
BLOWDOWN CONTROL: EXCESS ALKALINITY AND CHLORIDES
57 - 102 KG/CM
2
(800 - 1500 PSIG)
VECOM PHOSPHATE - pH CONTROL SYSTEM
VECOM Phosphate pH Control System is similar to the Boiler Water Control System used on lower pressure boilers except that no free
caustic is present to concentrate and attack boiler watersides. The elimination of free caustic is possible by using phosphate (HARD-
NESS CONTROL) in accord with the accompanying graph when compounding and as a guide to blowdown control. To avoid free caus-
tic, maintain boiler water pH below the line of the curve on the chart for any given phosphate reading. If pH is high, blowdown to reduce
to the appropriate range. If pH is low, and phosphate reading is in the proper range, add ALKALINITY CONTROL based on dosing
chart on this page. Retest boiler pH after introducing ALKALINITY CONTROL and
if it is still low, and the phosphate reading is in good range, repeat ALKALINITY
CONTROL dosage and retest. If pH is high according to phosphate pH chart,
blowdown to reduce pH, which also reduces the phosphate level. Test and if the
phosphate reading is below recommended limits, add phosphate (HARDNESS
CONTROL) only. This procedure will reduce pH. Retest phosphate and pH refer-
ring to graph, if pH is still high repeat procedure.
NOTE: Balance of phosphate-pH to eliminate free caustic is easily achieved with
the use of distilled feed. If raw water or contaminated water is employed, it may
be diffcult or impossible to achieve a proper balance. Distilled feed should be
restored as soon as possible.
PHOSPHATE AND pH OF BOILER WATER ARE CONTROLLED SIMULTANE-
OUSLY.
PHOSPHATE AND pH PLOTS SHOULD INTERSECT IN THE SHADED AREA.

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