Cleared for Public Release 11-S-1327

Future of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in a Fiscally Constrained Environment

Mr. Dyke Weatherington

OUSD(AT&L)/PSA Deputy Director, Unmanned Warfare

DoD UAS Funding (RDT&E and Procurement)

FY2011

6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
9 19 7 9 19 8 9 20 9 0 20 0 0 20 1 0 20 2 0 20 3 0 20 4 0 20 5 0 20 6 0 20 7 0 20 8 0 20 9 1 20 0 1 20 1 1 20 2 1 20 3 1 20 4 1 20 5 16 19

Prior to 2005 PB05 $M PB06 $M PB07 $M PB08 $M PB09 $M PB10 $M PB11 $M PB12 $M + FY 11 OCO $M

DoD UAS Flight Hours

(By Department, By Fiscal Year)
As of December 31, 2010
600000 550000 500000 450000 400000 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0

19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11
AIR FORCE ARMY NAVY & USMC Est for FY11 Qtrs 2-4

Flight Hours

Does not include Group 1 UAS

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Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Mission Areas
Long Endurance
ISR / Data Relay Platforms

2011
Air Force MQ-9 Reaper

Increasing Reach, C2, Autonomy, & Complexity

Air Force MQ-La/b

2035+

Group 5
> 1320 lbs > FL180

Air Force RQ-4 Global Hawk Navy MQ-4 BAMS Army MQ-5 Hunter Army MQ-1C Gray Eagle
N

Air Force MQ-X Navy UCAS-D

Air Force MQ-Lc

Increasing Performance, Payload, & Vehicle Size

Persistent
Group 4
> 1320 lbs < FL180

Strike Capable

Air Force MQ-1 Predator

Army / Navy / USMC Navy UCLASS VTOL Navy MQ-8 Navy MRMUAS Fire Scout SOCOM EUAS (VTOL) SOCOM EUAS (FW)

Navy UCAS FAA-XX

Tactical
Group 3
< 1320 lbs < FL180 < 250 kts

Army / USMC / SOCOM RQ-7 Shadow

Navy /USMC RQ-21A STUAS

Small Tactical
Group 2
21-55 lbs < 3500 AGL < 250 kts

Navy / USMC/ Air Force / SOCOM ScanEagle

Black: Programs of Record Red: Future concepts

Micro/Mini Tactical
Group 1
0-20 lbs < 1200 AGL < 100 kts

Army / Navy SOCOM / USMC/ Puma SOCOM RQ-11 Navy / Air Force / Raven Army gMAV SOCOM Navy T-Hawk Wasp

Small Family of Systems

Nano UAS

DoD Unmanned Aircraft Systems

General Groupings Depiction Name (Vehicles/GCS)
USAF/USN RQ-4A Global Hawk/BAMS-D Blk 10 9/3 20/6 USAF RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 20/30 5/2 USAF RQ-4B Global Hawk Block 40 54/61* USAF MQ-9 Reaper
*MQ-1/MQ-9 same GCS ISR/MDA (USN) ISR ISR/BMC2

(As of 1 SEPT 2010)

Capability/Mission

Command Level
JFACC/AOC-Theater JFACC/AOC-Theater JFACC/AOC-Theater JFACC/AOC- Supports Corps, Div, Brig, SOF

Group 5
> 1320 lbs > FL180

ISR/RSTA/EW/PREC STRIKE/FORCE PROT

USAF MQ-1B Predator USA MQ-1 Warrior/MQ-1C Gray Eagle

161/61* 26/24 2/0 9/7 8/3 25/16 364/262 0/0

Group 4
> 1320 lbs < FL180

USN UCAS- CVN Demo USN MQ-8B Fire Scout VTUAV SOCOM / DARPA / USA / USMC A160T Hummingbird USA MQ-5 Hunter USA / USMC/ SOCOM RQ-7 Shadow USN/USMC STUAS

ISR/RSTA/PREC STRIKE/ FORCE PROT (MQ-1C Only-C3/LG) Demonstration Only ISR/RSTA/ASW/ASUW/ MIW/OMCM/ISR/EOD/ FORCE PROT ISR/RSTA/BDA ISR/RSTA/BDA ISR/RSTA/BDA

JFACC/AOC-Supports Corps, Division & Brigade NA Fleet/Ship Corps, Division & Brigade Brigade Combat Team Small Unit Small Unit/Ship

Group 3
< 1320 lbs < FL180 < 250 kts

Group 2
21-55 lbs < 3500 AGL < 250 kts

USN / SOCOM / USMC RQ-21A ScanEagle

122/39

ISR/RSTA/FORCE PROT

Small Unit/Ship

Group 1
0-20 lbs < 1200 AGL < 100 kts

USA / USN / USMC / SOCOM RQ-11 Raven USMC/ SOCOM Wasp SOCOM SUAS AECV Puma USA gMAV / USN T-Hawk

5346/3291 916/323 39/26 377/194

ISR/RSTA ISR/RSTA ISR/RSTA ISR/RSTA/EOD

Small Unit

DoD Acquisition Challenges

Acquisition Efficiencies & Affordability Interoperability Airspace Access Frequency Spectrum Cost Control Acquisition Performance Technology Transition Sustainment Planning

Our program managers should be scrutinizing every element of program costs, assessing whether each element can be reduced relative to the year before, challenging learning curves, dissecting overheads and indirect costs, and targeting cost reduction with profit incentives - in short, executing to what the program should cost.
Under Secretary of Defense (AT&L) Memo to Acquisition Professionals, Better Buying Power, Sept 2010 6

Meeting the Challenges

Unmanned System Roadmap
Autonomy
Affordability & Manpower Reduction Weaponization Policy& Trust

Interoperability
Architecture Migration Service Oriented Architecture

Manned Unmanned Teaming

Near Medium Far

Sense & Autonomy Adapt Interop. Human TTPs & System Scalable CONOPs Interface Transparent Cross Simulation A Control Domain Fidelity Standards Extreme Dynamic Endurance Ops Optical Fuel Cell Comms Propulsion Sense & Avoid & Power High Efficiency Bandwidth COA & Efficiencies Policy Security & Spectrum Deconfliction

Training

Airspace Integration
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Communications

Improved UAS Airspace Access

UAS are integral to our National Defense and National Security strategies and our crisis/disaster relief plans. National Airspace System (NAS) access is needed to support growing UAS operational, training, and R&D requirements . Technical, procedural, regulatory, and policy solutions are needed to deliver incremental capabilities leading to routine access. Solutions developed for NAS access will become enablers for increased international access.

UAS Airspace Access Activities

Developed DoD Airspace Integration Plan Developing safety data sharing MOA and MOU between DoD and FAA Participate in the multi-agency UAS ExCom activities.
Developed the UAS NAS Access Plan Supported the UAS COA Working Group Phase 1 activity
Developed and implemented process improvements Addressed 14 issues identified by Services

Supporting UAS COA Working Group Phase 2 activities

Policy and procedure changes to increase near term access Clarify FAAs and DoD authorities Reduce COA request workload
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COA WG Phase 2 Issue Summary Matrix

Issues
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Multiple Unmanned/Manned Ops in Class D COA expiration (12 months) Small UAS Operations in Class G Airspace Disaster Relief (one UA in a facilitys airspace) Access to FIRs and Arctic Region Airspace Risk Mitigations for Remote Area Operations Define Incident/Accident Class D notifications/transition to SUA No ExCom Visibility on LOA/MOAs Chase Aircraft Requirements FAA Regulatory Authority in FIRs
* Validation will require considerable more time. Not covered in recommendation ** Validation will be required before sub-group activity 10

Interoperability UAS Control Segment (UCS) Architecture

Interoperability Software Reuse Scalable Distributable Standard interfaces

COST SAVINGS
Break Apart GCS Architecture to Enable Small Businesses to Compete Create a Joint Service Repository to Support Software Reuse Across Systems Acquisition Flexibility Reduced System Development and Maintenance Costs

OUSD/AT&L ADM Published

RISK REDUCTION
Successive Spirals Produce Common Components Developing a Framework and Method for Certification and Test of Reusable Components

IMPROVED WARFIGHTER CAPABILITY

Standard Interfaces Open, Scalable Architecture

Rapid Deployment of Reliable Systems

Cross-Service Interoperability Adoption of Best of Breed Solutions Rapid Integration and Fielding

Dr. Carter Acquisition Guidance - On September 14, 2010, Dr. Ashton Carter issued a guidance memorandum
on Better Buying Power: Guidance for Obtaining Greater Efficiency and Productivity in Defense Spending. Dr. Carter guidance requires open systems architectures and set rules for acquisition of technical data rights. An open architecture, like UCS, enables real competition between subsystem suppliers. By crisply defining modular interfaces, it enables subsystem reuse across DoD systems.
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Moving Stove-Pipe System to a Open Market

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains. SOA provides: (1) A uniform means to offer interactions with various vendors (2) Cost savings in Total Cost of Ownership (TOC) (3) Tool for Increasing Interoperability.
Pre-SOA
Customized

SOAEnabled Common Control Core Autonomy Interoperable Data

Agile

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UCS Accomplishments and Community Status

Public Website
http://www.ucsarchitecture.org

UCS

Migrate Plan for the PoR

Article on UCS Architecture Published in AUVSI Unmanned Daily News

Distributed to Conference Attendees as They Enter the Colorado Convention Center Made Available at the AUVSI Oral Presentations and Dropped at Exhibitor Stands Unmanned Daily News Sent Via an E-newsletter to AUVSI's Full Distribution List (Approximately 21,000) Available Via AUVSI.org and Flightglobal.com Feb 2009 May 2009 Dec 2009 Jun 2010
pkg Blue Force SA Serv ice servicePoint Blue Force SA BlueForceSARequests BlueForceSAResponses
pkg Blue Force

**Complete Phase I** All UAS Standards needed to migrate the PoR to UCS Architecture April 2011 Aug 2011

Aug 2010

Oct 2010 Feb 2011

service Blue Force SA Sv c

requestPoint Responses BlueForceSARequests BlueForceSAResponses

Domain Blue Force servicePoint Blue Force SA BlueForceSARequests BlueForceSAResponses requestPoint Translate BlueForceSARequests BlueForceSAResponses

UCS Arch V2.0 Kickoff

OUSD/AT&L ADM Published

UCS Industry Days

UCS Architecture v0.5 Released

UCS Arch V1.0 Released

Consolidated Demo with IWP Service Army, Navy, Dev AF Complete

UCS Arch V2.0 to Be Released

Cleared for Open 13 11-S-1201 Additional Demo

UCS Arch V2.1 Final Released

Program of Record
(PoR) Migration Plans
BAMS GH Fire Predator Scout Army ONE

2009 ADM resulted in the cooperation from DoD Services and Industry partners. Migration Plan

Service Development

Army One BAMS/ GH TCS

Evolutionary Approach Not Big Bang! Plans for Migration of Current and In-Development Systems to the UCS Architecture Are In-Progress for All Services

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Take Away Message

Unmanned Aircraft Systems will compete well in a fiscally constrained environment if we pay attention to controlling costs, development, acquisition, and sustainment

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