EXAM REVIEW - D.

O'Hara - SPH4U1
Multiple Choi e Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. A football player successfully kicks a field goal through the uprights situated at the south end of the stadium. What are the directions of the instantaneous velocity and acceleration, respectively, of the football at the peak of its trajectory? a. south, south d. south, up b. up, south e. down, down c. south, down . A race car completes e!actly 1" laps around an oval track. Which of the following pairs of #uantities concerning its motion would both have values of $ero? a. displacement, average velocity b. average speed, average acceleration c. distance, average speed d. average speed, average velocity e. displacement, average speed %. A bus drives &"." km '() from town A to town *, then another %"." km '+) to town , in a total time of 1."" h. What are the values of its average speed and average velocity, respectively? a. -"." km.h, -"." km.h '%-/ + of () d. 0"." km.h, -"." km.h '%-/ + of () b. -"." km.h, 0"." km.h '%-/ + of () e. 0"." km.h '%-/ + of (), -"." km.h c. 0"." km.h, 0"." km.h '%-/ + of () &. Which of the following graphs does 123 depict uniform motion?

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a. A and * d. * and 4 b. , only e. A and ( c. 4 and ( 0. Which of the following graphs depicts uniform motion?

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a. A and * d. * and 4 b. , and 4 e. ( only c. A and , 5. Which of the following statements concerning motion graphs is 123 correct? a. 3he slope of a position6time graph gives velocity. b. 3he area under a velocity6time graph gives displacement.

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c. 3he slope of a velocity6time graph gives acceleration. d. 3he area under an acceleration6time graph gives velocity. e. 3he slope of the tangent in a position6time graph gives instantaneous velocity. Which of the following statements concerning motion graphs is correct? a. 3he slope of a position6time graph gives acceleration. b. 3he area under an acceleration6time graph gives instantaneous velocity. c. 3he slope of a velocity6time graph gives displacement. d. 3he area under a position6time graph gives velocity. e. 3he area under a velocity6time graph gives displacement. Which of the following descriptions best represents the acceleration6time graph of a car that pulls away from a corner when the light turns green, reaches and maintains a constant velocity, then slows down until it stops? Assume that all accelerations are uniform. a. All three sections of the graph are comprised of hori$ontal lines. b. 3wo sections of the graph are diagonal lines and one is hori$ontal. c. 3wo sections of the graph are hori$ontal lines and one is diagonal. d. All three sections of the graph are comprised of diagonal lines. e. All three sections of the graph are comprised of curved lines. An object is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 0 m.s. 9ow much time passes before it comes back down at 10 m.s? :Air resistance is negligible.; a. 1." s d. 17 s b. &.1 s e. - s c. 8.7 s <gnoring air resistance, which of the following are e!hibiting =free fall>? a. an object, initially at rest, dropped out of a window b. an object thrown vertically downward from a window c. an object projected vertically upward from a window d. an object thrown hori$ontally from a window e. all of the above 3hree identical objects are thrown from the same height through a window at the same time. 2bject A is thrown hori$ontally at &." m.s, object * is thrown hori$ontally at 7." m.s, and object , is simply dropped. <f air resistance is negligible, which object will reach the ground first? a. object A b. object * c. object , d. objects * and , will land first and together e. all three will land at the same time ?or a javelin thrower to ma!imi$e her throwing distance, she should release the javelin at an angle a. of &0 b. of less than &0 c. of greater than &0 d. dependent on the javelin@s speed upon release e. dependent on the thrower@s strength A boat always points directly at the opposite shore while crossing a river. 3he time it will take to cross will be a. less if the current is stronger b. greater if the current is stronger c. the same regardless of the current d. dependent on the strength of the current e. impossible to predict without more information

____ 1&. 3hree identical boats set out to cross a river that has a current. *oat A points directly across the river, boat * points "/ downstream from a point straight across the river, and boat , points "/ upstream from a point straight across the river. Which boat will arrive on the opposite shore first? a. boat A b. boat * c. boat , d. it is impossible to tell with the information given e. all three boats will arrive at the same time ____ 10. 3he free6body diagram of a block being pushed up a rough ramp is best represented by

a. A d. 4 b. * e. ( c. , ____ 15. 3he free6body diagram of a car in a skid with its brakes locked up is best represented by

a. A d. 4 b. * e. ( c. , ____ 1-. An object sits at rest on a ramp. Which of the following free6body diagrams best represents the forces acting on the object?

a. A b. * c. , acting on the elevator and the tension a. b. c.

d. 4 e. (

____ 17. An elevator moves downward at a constant speed. What is the relationship between the gravitational force in the cable? d. e.

____ 18. According to 1ewton@s third law, when you walk across a floor, the force that propels you forward is a. the force applied by your feet on the floor b. the force of friction of your feet on the floor c. the force of the floor applied against your feet d. e!erted upward by the floor on your feet :i.e., the normal force; e. the force acting on you working against gravity ____ ". A &."6kg object, A, and a ."6kg object, *, are connected with a rope. A force is applied to another rope attached to the ."6kg object that pulls both A and * along a hori$ontal surface. Which of the following statements is true? a. 3he force that * e!erts on A is greater than the force that A e!erts on *. b. 3he force that A e!erts on * is greater than the force that * e!erts on A. c. 3he force that * e!erts on A is e#ual to the force that A e!erts on * provided that the system slides with uniform motion. d. 3he force that * e!erts on A is e#ual to the force that A e!erts on * regardless of the motion of the system. e. 3he sum of the applied force and the force that * e!erts on A is e#ual to the force that A e!erts on *. ____ 1. 3hree masses are suspended vertically as shown in the diagram below. 3he system is accelerating upward. What is the relationship among the forces of tension?

a. b. c. ____

d. e.

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. ?or an object travelling with =uniform circular motion,> its acceleration is a. $ero because the speed is constant b. directed tangent to the circle c. directed toward the centre of the circle d. changing in magnitude depending on its position in the circle e. directed outward from the centre of the circle %. A child whirls a ball around in circles on the end of a &7 cm long string at a fre#uency of .0 9$. What is the ball@s centripetal acceleration? a. 1. 1"& m.s d. %7 m.s b. 1. 1" m.s e. %." m.s c. &- m.s &. A rock is tied to the end of a %0 cm long string and whirled around in a circle that describes a vertical plane. 3he tension in the string becomes $ero when the speed of the rock is

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a. 8.7 1" cm.s d. 8.7 cm.s b. 1.8 1" cm.s e. 1.8 cm.s c. 18 cm.s 3he acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet having twice the (arth@s mass and twice its radius would be a. %8. m.s d. &.8 m.s b. 18.5 m.s e. .&0 m.s c. 8.7 m.s Alanet B has a radius & times that of (arth and the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of planet B is &.8 m.s . 3he mass of Alanet B compared to (arth@s mass is a. 15 times d. times b. 7 times e. the same c. & times 3he force of gravity acting on a 1"6kg object at an altitude e#uivalent to the (arth@s radius is a. &8 1 d. 0." 1 b. & 1 e. .& 1 c. 8.7 1 3he orbital speed of a satellite at an altitude e#uivalent to (arth@s radius :r ( C 5.%7 1"5 m; is :m( C 0.87 1" & kg, G C 5.5- 1"D11 1Em .kg ; a. 8.7 1"% m.s d. &.8 1"% m.s b. -.8 1"% m.s e. .0 1"% m.s c. 0.5 1"% m.s Astronauts on board an orbiting space station appear to be =floating> because a. they are in the vacuum of space b. they are outside (arth@s gravitational influence c. the force of gravity acting on them has been reduced to an insignificant level d. they have become truly =weightless> e. they are in free fall along with the space station itself Which of the following graphs best illustrates the relationship between a satellite@s orbital radius ro and its orbital speed vo?

a. A d. 4 b. * e. ( c. , ____ %1. A ripple tank is used to generate water waves. 3hese waves are refracted as they travel from deep to shallow water. Which of the following factors, when changed, will not affect the amount of bending observed? a. the angle between the boundary and the incident wave front b. the difference in depth between the shallow and deep regions c. the wavelength of the incident wave d. the amplitude of the incident wave e. the fre#uency of the incident wave

____ % . A two6point source interference pattern is generated in a ripple tank. Aoint A, on the second nodal line, is located 7 cm from one source and %- cm from the other. 3he wavelength of the waves is a. 17 cm d. 5." cm b. 1& cm e. &.0 cm c. 8." cm ____ %%. <n the diagram below :not to scale;, two point sources, + 1 and + , are located 5 cm apart and are vibrating in phase. Aoint A is located on the first nodal line.

<f the wavelength of the generated waves is a.

cm, then A+1 D A+ will be e#ual to d.

b.

e.

c. ____ %&. 3wo point sources vibrating in phase in a ripple tank are placed a fi!ed distance apart, creating a stationary nodal line pattern. Which of the following statements concerning the nodal lines is incorrect? a. <n areas between the nodal lines, energy is transmitted away from the sources. b. When the distance from the sources is large, the nodal line separation is one6half of a wavelength. c. 3he path length difference from the sources to any point on a given nodal line is a fi!ed value. d. 1odal lines are a result of continuous destructive interference. e. 3he nodal lines are hyperbolas, becoming essentially straight lines at great distances from the source. ____ %0. <n a two6point source interference pattern in a ripple tank, a point is one6half wavelength farther from one source than the other. <f the two sources are in phase, then there is a. destructive interference at this point b. constructive interference at this point c. both constructive and destructive interference simultaneously d. neither constructive nor destructive interference at this point e. no interaction between the two waves at this point ____ %5. 3wo speakers producing e!actly the same fre#uency and always in phase are located on an eastDwest line emitting sound toward the north. 3he speakers are %" cm apart and a microphone is located &" cm due north of one speaker. Which of the following wavelengths would produce sound with the loudest intensity at the location of the microphone? a. 0" cm d. " cm b. &" cm e. 1" cm

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c. %" cm A student counts a total of eight nodal lines on each side of a two6point source interference pattern and measures the sources to be 10 cm apart. What is the appro!imate wavelength of the waves? a. ".0" cm d. 10 cm b. ." cm e. none of the above c. -.0 cm A two6point source interference pattern is generated in a ripple tank by identical sources vibrating in phase and located 1 ." cm apart. 3here are seven nodal lines observed on each side of the centre line. <f the wavelength of the sources is doubled and they remain in phase a. the number of nodal lines observed doubles b. the fre#uency doubles c. the speed of the wave doubles d. the number of nodal lines decreases to half e. the average distance between nodal lines decreases ,onsider the following properties of lightF <. rectilinear propagation <<. reflection <<<. refraction <G. diffraction G. partial reflection6refraction Which of these properties did 1ewton have trouble e!plaining with his theory of light? a. <<< only d. <G and G only b. <G only e. <<< and G only c. <<< and <G only A satellite receiver reflects incoming radio waves in a similar manner as a. straight water waves reflect from a straight barrier b. circular water waves reflect from a circular barrier c. straight water waves reflect from a concave barrier d. straight water waves reflect from a conve! barrier e. circular water waves reflect from a straight barrier Which of the following properties of light cannot be e!plained by the particle theory but can easily be e!plained by the wave theory? a. rectilinear propagation d. dispersion b. transmission in a vacuum e. diffraction c. refraction A student wishes to perform Houng@s double6slit e!periment to measure the wavelength of light of a given source. 3he student has measured the average distance between adjacent dark bands and the distance from the slits to the screen. What other measurement is re#uired to calculate the wavelength? a. the location of the central bright line b. the distance between the source and the slits c. the angle between the central bright line and first nodal line d. the distance separating the two slits e. the distance between the centre of the two slits and any given dark band A student performs a double6slit e!periment using two slits spaced ". " mm apart and located 1.0" m from the screen. 3he monochromatic light source creates an interference pattern in which the average distance between dark bands is ".&0 cm. What is the wavelength of the light being used? a. 5." 1"D8 m d. 5." 1"D0 m D7 b. 5." 1" m e. 10 m Dc. 5." 1" m

____ &&. A student performs a double6slit e!periment using a monochromatic light source, two slits spaced ".1" mm apart, and a screen located 10" cm away. 3he bright fringes are located ".%" cm apart. <f the distance between the slits was changed to ". " mm, what would the average distance between bright fringes become? a. ".10 cm d. ".5" cm b. ".%" cm e. 1.0 m c. ".0" cm ____ &0. A student performs a double6slit e!periment using two slits spaced ". 0 mm apart and located %." m from a screen. <nfrared light with a wavelength of 1 "" nm is used and film sensitive to infrared light is used as the screen. What is the average distance between adjacent dark bands on the e!posed film? a. .7 m d. .7 cm b. 1.& m e. 1.& cm c. 1& cm ____ &5. 3ime is a. dependent on the observer d. simultaneous in all cases b. absolute e. never changing c. the same for different observers ____ &-. A beam of light is shone forward from a moving vehicle. 3he speed of light leaving the vehicle will be a. dependent on the speed of the vehicle b. the addition of the speed of light plus the speed of the vehicle c. constant at the speed of light d. slower so that the addition of the vehicle@s speed corrects it e. none of the above ____ &7. 3he Iorent$ contraction will apply to which of the following dimensions of an objectF a. height relative to direction d. all dimensions e#ually b. length relative to direction e. no contraction occurs c. width perpendicular to direction ____ &8. ?lying in a fast rocket ship at a speed of ".7 c, you observe both your watch and a clock outside. Which of the following statements is true? a. 3ime will appear to be the same for you but slower outside. b. 3ime will appear slower for you but normal outside. c. 1either clock runs slow. d. *oth clocks run slow. e. none of the above ____ 0". 3wo spaceships are heading toward each other at a mutual speed of ".888 c. *oth ships shine a laser beam at one another. 9ow will each ship see the other light? a. *oth ships will see the light travelling at c. b. 1either ship will see any light. c. *oth ships will see the light travelling at c. d. 2ne ship will see the light travelling at c, and the other will see it travelling at c. e. none of the above ____ 01. Jission control would like an cosmonaut to check her heart rate. +he is flying at ".0" c. <f a normal heart rate is - beats.min, what would a normal heart rate appear to be for the cosmonaut? a. 77 beats.min d. - beats.min b. 5 beats.min e. 17 beats.min c. 7% beats.min ____ 0 . 3he relativistic momentum of an atomic particle of mass 1.5 1"D - kg moving at ".8 c is a. 1.1& 1"D17 kgEm.s d. %.71 1"D - kgEm.s D18 b. 1.-0 1" kgEm.s e. 0.7& 1"D 7 kgEm.s c. %. 8 1"D18 kgEm.s

____ 0%. 3he e#uation E C mc illustrates that a. travelling at the speed of light converts matter into energy b. rest mass and energy are e#uivalent c. energy can be converted into mass d. matter can be converted into energy e. both b and d ____ 0&. 3he total energy of a particle a. can never increase or decrease b. will increase due to the speed of light c. will decrease due to the speed of light d. will reach a limit before the speed of light e. none of the above ____ 00. 3he total energy, in joules, of a "."16kg object moving at ".00c is a. -.%7 1"1& K d. &.1% 1"10 K 10 b. 1."7 1" K e. 5.07 1"D% K c. &.%& 1"1& K ____ 05. 3he energy, in joules, of light with a fre#uency of 0.5 1"15 9$ is a. 0.5 1"15 K d. 1. 1"D0" K b. 7.& 1"&8 K e. 5.5% 1"D%& K c. %.- 1"D1- K ____ 0-. <n the photoelectric effect, as the fre#uency of light shining on a piece of metal increases, the ejected electron a. gains kinetic energy d. increases in number of electrons b. loses velocity e. none of the above c. remains unchanged ____ 07. <n the photoelectric effect, the work function is a. the amount of energy re#uired to release an electron b. the same as the threshold fre#uency c. the amount of kinetic energy possessed by the electron d. dependent on the fre#uency of light e. none of the above ____ 08. 3he momentum of a photon with a wavelength of 5%0 nm is a. &. 1 1"D&" kgEm.s d. 1."& 1"D%5 kgEm.s D b. 1."& 1" kgEm.s e. &. 1 1"D%1 kgEm.s c. 8.0- 1" 5 kgEm.s ____ 5". A ""6g apple falling at %." m.s has a de *roglie wavelength of a. &.& 1"D%% m d. 1.1 1D%0 m b. &.& 1"D%0 m e. 8.8 1"D%5 m D%% c. 1.1 1" m ____ 51. An electron with 0.7 eG of energy strikes a mercury atom with energy levels of &.8 eG and 5.5- eG. What energy will the electron posses after the collision? a. "." eG d. 1. eG b. ".8 eG e. 1.-- eG c. ".7- eG ____ 5 . 3he change in energy in moving from the first to the second energy level of hydrogen would be an increase of a. times d. times

b.

times

e. none of the above

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c. & times A net force of 1 1 changes the momentum of a 0"6g ball by %.- kg m.s. 3he force acts for a. ".%1 s d. %. s b. ".71 s e. && s c. 1. s A car with a mass of 17"" kg slows from & km.h '() to 7 km.h '(). 3he impulse from the brakes is a. .0 1"& 1s '() d. .1 1"& 1s 'W) & b. .0 1" 1s 'W) e. -." 1"% 1s 'W) c. .1 1"& 1s '() A 1.06kg bird is flying at a velocity of 17 m.s ' / above the hori$ontal). 3he vertical component of its momentum is a. 1" m.s 'up) : significant digits; d. 1- m.s 'up) b. 5.- kgm.s 'up) e. none of the above c. 0 kgm.s 'up) A bullet with a mass of 7 g is fired from a .76kg gun that is stationary, but free to recoil. After the bullet is fired, the gun is observed to be moving at 1.& m.s 'left). 3he velocity of the bullet is a. 1&" m.s 'left) d. -1 m.s 'left) b. 1&" m.s 'right) e. -1 m.s c. -1 m.s 'right) An arrow slows down from &% m.s to 7 m.s as it passes through an apple. <f the &8%6g apple was originally at rest and sped up to ".&& m.s, the mass of the arrow is a. 0." g d. 8 g b. -.- g e. -.- kg c. 1& g A moving curling stone, A, collides head on with a stationary stone, *. *oth stones are of identical mass. <f friction is negligible during this linear elastic collision, a. stone A will slow down b. after the collision, the momentum of stone * will be less than that of stone A c. both stones will come to rest shortly after the collision d. after the collision, the kinetic energy of the stone * will be less than that of stone A e. after the collision, stone A will have a speed of $ero A sabotaged curling stone e!plodes into three pieces as it travels across the ice. 1eglecting the force of friction, a. all three pieces will travel at the same speed b. the magnitudes of the momenta for each piece will be the same c. an e!ternal net force had to act on the stone to accelerate the three pieces d. the components perpendicular to the original motion must add up to $ero e. momentum is not conserved because of the small e!plosive charge A two6dimensional collision occurs as shown below.

Which vector below most closely represents the new velocity of A?

a. A d. 4 b. * e. ( c. , ____ -1. 3wo objects of e#ual mass with the speeds indicated by the vectors below, collide and stick together.

Which vector below best represents the velocity of the combined objects after the collision?

a. A d. 4 b. * e. ( c. , ____ - . A - 6kg satellite is in circular orbit -%7" km above the surface of (arth : M( C 0.87 1" & kg;. 3he gravitational force acting on the satellite is a. 1.0 1"% 1 d. -.%% 1 b. 0. 8 1"8 1 e. -."7 1"% 1 c. 0. 8 1"% 1 ____ -%. 3he +un has a mass of 1.88 1"%" kg. Kupiter has a mass of 1.8" 1" - kg and a mean radius of orbit around the +un of -.-7 1"7 km. 3he speed that Kupiter travels in its orbit around the +un is a. 1.%1 1"& km.s d. &."& 1" m.s

b. &.-" 1"& km.h c. &.1% 1"0 m.s

e. 1. 7 1"& m.s

____ -&. <f the mass of (arth is 0.87 1" & kg and the radius is 5.%7 1"5 m, the gravitational potential energy of a 1. 1"%6kg satellite located in an orbit %" km above the surface of (arth is a. D1.1 1"& K d. D8." 1"1 K b. D-. 1"1" K e. D .1 1"10 K 1 c. D .1 1" K Short A!"#er -0. ?or the same initial upward velocities, how many times higher will an object travel above the lunar surface : g C 1.5 m.s 'down); than above the surface of (arth? Assume negligible air resistance on (arth. -5. With the aid of a diagram, e!plain why a bright band occurs on a screen at the central point of Houng@s double6slit e!periment. --. A plane is dropping medical supplies to a village. 4escribe the path of the supplies relative to an observer on the ground watching the plane travel from left to right. -7. A plane is dropping medical supplies to a village. 4escribe the path of medical supplies as it appears to the person =dropping> the supplies. -8. 3hree observers located at A, *, and , are watching two stars located close to 2bservers A and ,. *oth stars e!plode simultaneously. (!plain how the observers see the pattern of e!plosions. A * ,

7". ?our observers located at A, *, and , are watching two stars located close to observers A and ,. *oth stars e!plode simultaneously. (!plain how observers * and *L see the pattern of e!plosions if *L is moving away from *. A * *L ,

71. A car moving forward at ".0c turns on its headlights. What would the speed of light appear to be to the driver and to a pedestrian in front of the car? 7 . A person sees an M?2 fly by at ".8c and describes the ship to be the classic =flying saucer> shape. What shape of ship would you look for if the ship had landed on the ground? 7%. A 0-6g tennis ball travelling at 7 m.s is hit straight back with the same velocity. 4etermine the average force on the tennis ball if the racket is in contact with the ball for &.8 ms. 7&. A bla$ing spike of a ". 8"6kg volleyball is blocked at the net. <t is originally travelling at 17.% m.s and bounces straight back at 1&.8 m.s after being in contact with the blockers arms for a total of 17. ms. What average force did the blocker e!ert on the ball? 70. Nive two observations that would enable you to conclude that the bounce of a superball is not a completely elastic collision. 75. 4uring an elastic collision between a superball and the ground, the superball comes to rest for a brief instant. Where is the energy stored?

7-. A ". 06kg snowball moving at 10 m.s '() collides and sticks with a 1.86kg toy truck travelling at .7 m.s 'W). 1eglecting friction, calculate the velocity of the snowballDtruck system after the collision. 77. A 06kg bag of cement thrown at .0 m.s '() is caught by a person sliding 1.7 m.s '() on a frictionless surface. <f the velocity after the catch is ." m.s, calculate the mass of the person. 78. A billiard ball collides with an identical stationary billiard ball causing the balls to travel out with speeds of %." m.s and &." m.s at 8"/ to each other as shown below. ,alculate the initial speed of the moving billiard ball.

Pro$le% 8". An object is pushed from rest across a sheet of ice, accelerating at 0." m.s over a distance of 7"." cm. 3he object then slides with a constant speed for &." s until it reaches a rough section which causes it to stop in .0 s. :a; What is the speed of the object when it reaches the rough section? :b; At what rate does the object slow down once it reaches the rough section? :c; What total distance does the object slide throughout its entire trip? 81. An arrow is shot vertically upward with an initial speed of 0 m.s. When it@s e!actly halfway to the top of its flight, a second arrow is launched vertically upward from the same spot. 3he second arrow reaches the first arrow just as the first arrow reaches its highest point. :a; What is the launch speed of the second arrow? :b; What ma!imum height does the second arrow reach? 8 . A truck travels at a constant speed of 7." m.s in the fast lane of a two6lane highway. <t approaches a stationary car stopped at the side of the road. When the truck is still 1. 1" m behind the car, the car pulls out into the slow lane with an acceleration of .5 m.s . :a; 9ow long will it take the truck to pass the car? :b; 9ow far will the car have travelled when the truck passes it? :c; <f the car were to maintain this acceleration, how fast would it be travelling when it overtakes the truck? 8%. 3wo canoeists, A and *, live on opposite shores of a %""." m wide river that flows east at ".7" m.s. A lives on the north shore and * lives on the south shore. 3hey both set out to visit a mutual friend B who lives on the north shore at a point ""." m upstream from A and ""." m downstream from *. *oth canoeists can propel their canoes at .& m.s through the water. 9ow much time must canoeist A wait after canoeist * sets out so that they both arrive at B at the same time? *oth canoeists make their respective trips by the most direct routes. 8&. 3he graph below represents the motion of an object over a recorded time interval. Msing methods of graphical analysis wherever possible, determine :a; the object@s displacement relative to its starting position at t C 5." s. :b; the object@s average velocity between t C "." s and t C 5." s. :c; the object@s average speed between t C "." s and t C 5." s.

:d; <ncluding t C "." s, how many times during the entire recorded time interval is the object at its starting position? :e; 4uring which interval is the object@s acceleration the greatest? What is the value of the acceleration during this interval? :f; Alot the corresponding position6time graph. :g; Alot the corresponding acceleration6time graph.

80. A football #uarterback attempts a pass to one of the receivers. As the ball is snapped, the receiver leaves the line of scrimmage and runs directly down field. 3he #uarterback releases the ball ." s later and from a position %." m behind the line of scrimmage. 9e throws the ball with a speed of 5 m.s at an elevation of 5" above the hori$ontal. 3he receiver makes a diving reception, catching the ball just as it reaches the ground. +ee the diagram below.

:a; What is the time of flight of the football? :b; What is the average speed of the receiver? 85. A force of %.0 1 '5"( of 1) and a force of .7 1 '&"W of +) act on the same object. ?ind the net force acting on the object using :a; a trigonometric method and :b; a component method. 8-. A 1 ."6kg bo! is pushed along a hori$ontal surface by a &61 force as illustrated in the diagram. 3he frictional force :kinetic; acting on the object is 5." 1.

:a; What is the acceleration of the object? :b; ,alculate the value of the normal force acting on the object.

:c; <f the 1 ."6kg object then runs into a &."6kg object that increases the overall friction by %." 1, what is the new acceleration? :d; What force does the &."6kg object e!ert on the 1 ."6kg object when the two are moving together? 87. A pulley device is used to hurl projectiles from a ramp : k C ". 5; as illustrated in the diagram. 3he 0."6kg mass is accelerated from rest at the bottom of the &." m long ramp by a falling "."6kg mass suspended over a frictionless pulley. Kust as the 0."6kg mass reaches the top of the ramp, it detaches from the rope :neglect the mass of the rope; and becomes projected from the ramp.

:a; 4etermine the acceleration of the 0."6kg mass along the ramp. :Arovide free6body diagrams for both masses.; :b; 4etermine the tension in the rope during the acceleration of the 0."6kg mass along the ramp. :c; 4etermine the speed of projection of the 0."6kg mass from the top of the ramp. :d; 4etermine the hori$ontal range of the 0."6kg mass from the base of the ramp. 88. ,rates of mass 0"." kg must be hoisted onto a platform 7." m above the ground. A person e!erts 5""." 1 of force on a rope that goes up and over a pulley suspended from the ceiling. 3he other end of the rope is attached to the 0"."6kg mass. :a; 9ow long will it take the person to lift a crate from the ground to the platform while e!erting ma!imum force? :b; <f a &0."6kg person grabs the free end of the rope when the crate is ne!t to the platform in its elevated position, what will the acceleration of the crate be as it falls? :c; What is the tension in the rope in this case? 1"". A piece of ice :m C 0""." g; slides down the slope of a roof inclined at 0"." . <t starts from rest and slides 7." m along the roof, sliding off the edge at a height of &." m above the level ground. 3he coefficient of kinetic friction is ".1&.

:a; 4raw a free6body diagram of the ice as it is sliding along the roof. :b; With what speed does it leave the roof? :c; 9ow far away from the foot of the building does the ice land? 1"1. 3wo blocks are connected by a =massless> string over a =frictionless> pulley as shown in the diagram.

:a; 4etermine the acceleration of the blocks. :b; ,alculate the tension in the string . :c; <f the string broke, for what minimum value of the coefficient of static friction would the ."6kg block not begin to slide? 1" . 3wo masses, &." kg and 5." kg, are connected by a =massless> rope over a =frictionless> pulley as pictured in the diagram. 3he ramp is inclined at %"."/ and the coefficient of kinetic friction on the ramp is ".17.

:a; 4raw free6body diagrams of both masses. :b; 4etermine the acceleration of the system once it begins to slide. :c; 4etermine the tension in the rope. :d; <f the rope breaks when the &."6kg mass is %." m from the bottom of the ramp, how long will it take for the mass to slide all the way down? <nclude a new free6body diagram and assume the sliding mass starts from rest. 1"%. A boy pulls a toy train :consisting of an engine and a caboose; along a rough floor, e!erting ."" 1 of force as indicated in the diagram. A frictional force of ".5" 1 acts on the engine and a frictional force of ".&" 1 acts on the caboose.

:a; 4raw free6body diagrams of both the engine and caboose. :b; 4etermine the acceleration of the entire train. :c; ,alculate the tension in the string between the engine and the caboose. 1"&. A ." 1" 6g mass is tied on the end of a 1.5 m long string and whirled around in a circle that describes a vertical plane. :a; What is the minimum fre#uency of rotation re#uired to keep the mass moving in a circle? :b; ,alculate the ma!imum tension in the string at this fre#uency. 1"0. A pilot of mass -0 kg takes her plane into a dive, pulling out of it along a circular arc as she nears the ground. <f the plane is flying at 1.0 1" km.h along the arc, what is its radius such that the pilot feels four times heavier than normal? Arovide an appropriate free6body diagram. 1"5. A planet has a mass of .0 times that of (arth and a radius 1. times (arth@s radius. 9ow much would a 5"."6 kg person weigh at the planet@s surface? 1"-. A satellite orbits (arth at an altitude of % 0 km above the planet@s surface. What is its orbital period? (!press your answer in minutes. :r( C 5.%7 1"5 m, M( C 0.87 1" & kg; 1"7. A water wave in a ripple tank travels from a shallow to a deep region. 3he wavelength and speed in the shallow region are .0 cm and 0." cm.s, respectively. <f the wavelength in the deep region is 5." cm, find :a; the relative inde! of refraction from shallow to deep water :b; the speed of the wave in the deep water 1"8. A ripple tank is used to generate straight waves in region A that travel toward region *, which is separated from region A by a straight boundary. 3he fre#uency of the generator is .0 9$, and the waves travel in region A with a speed of 10 cm.s. <f the wave fronts in region A strike the boundary at " o, and the wave fronts in region * leave the boundary at 0"o, :a; use +nell@s law to find the relative inde! of refraction between the two regions :b; find the wavelength in each region 11". A two6point source interference pattern is generated in a swimming pool. A piece of styrofoam, located on the second nodal line, is 1 ." m from one source and "." m from the other source. 2ne wave crest takes ." s to travel the %0." m width of the pool. ?ind the speed, wavelength, and fre#uency of the waves.

111. A two6point source interference pattern is generated by sources operating in phase at 1." 9$. 3he sources are ." m apart and the wavelength of the waves is ".5" m. At what angles, measured from the centre line of the pattern, are the nodal lines produced located? 11 . A student creates a two6point source interference pattern in a ripple tank with two sources operating in phase and records the following informationF n C &, C %-.0 mm, L C 1. 0 m, d C & cm. ,alculate x&. 11%. A student creates a two6point source interference pattern in a ripple tank with two sources operating in phase. A point on the eighth nodal line is 1. 0 m from the centre of the two sources and &7." cm from the perpendicular bisector of the two sources. <f the source separation is .-0 cm, find the wavelength of the waves. 11&. A double6slit e!periment is performed using a slit separation of ".1 mm with a screen placed 7"." cm away. 3here are 17 mm between the first and seventh nodal lines. What wavelength of light was used? 110. As you drive down the highway, you notice that the dial on your stereo is not functioning. Hou have the radio tuned to a station that uses two transmission towers that are 1-0 m apart. 3he towers are 0." km from your present location. Hou wish to estimate the fre#uency setting of your radio using the interference pattern set up by the two towers. Hou notice that the signal reception fluctuates between ma!imums as you drive a distance of ".&0 km parallel to the line joining the two towers. What is the fre#uency of the station to which you are listening? 115. An astronaut travelled to the ne!t star at a speed of ".80 c, and recorded that the round trip took 11 years. 9ow much time will have passed on (arth when he returned? 11-. A pilot on a distant voyage to a star is placed in suspended animation for the journey. 3he ship@s clock recorded that he aged 10 years but the trip had lasted 1% years relative to (arth. 9ow fast was the ship travelling? 117. 3he distance between two planets was measured by an alien spacecraft to be &.0% light6years. <f the alien pilot was travelling at ".8%c, how far away was the planet in proper distance? 118. +uperman in saving (arth again, throws a 0""6g bomb into space, where it will safely e!plode. <f he throws it with a speed of ".0 c, calculate the bombs relativistic momentum. 1 ". <f a proton moves at ".-0"c, calculate the total energy of the proton in the laboratory frame of reference in JeG. 1 1. ?or an electron with speed ".77"c, calculate its kinetic energy if its total energy is ".87" JeG. 1 . Would &&86nm blue light eject electrons from silver metal with a work function of &.-& eG? 1 %. With what speed would an electron be ejected from sodium that has a work function of .%5 eG when it is illuminated by && 6nm light? 1 &. ,alculate the wavelength of light e#uivalent to an electron moving at %.87 1"0 m.s. 1 0. A 11 6kg satellite is given an escape velocity of 1.11 1"& m.s to leave (arth@s orbit. What wavelength will the satellite e!perience at this speed? 1 5. An electron with energy 1%. eG collides with an element, and the electron emerges with energy &.0 eG. What wavelength of light would also be emitted along with the electron? 1 -. What wavelength of photon could e!cite an electron from the third to the fifth energy state of hydrogen? 1 7. 4uring a free dance program in figure skating, Gictor : m C -1 kg; glides at .1 m.s to a stationary +hae6Iynn :0 kg; and hangs on. 9ow far will the pair slide after the =collision> if coefficient of kinetic friction O between their skates and the ice is "."0 ?

1 8. A spring with a force constant of 78 1.m is compressed 7.- cm and placed between two stationary dynamics carts of mass 1." kg and 1.0 kg. <f friction is negligible, determine the final speed of the more massive cart when the spring is released. 1%". A %&6g bullet travelling at 1 " m.s embeds itself in a wooden block on a smooth surface. 3he block then slides toward a spring and collides with it. 3he block compresses the spring : k C 88 1.m; a ma!imum of 1. cm. ,alculate the mass of the block of wood. 1%1. A small e!plosive charge is placed in a rubber block resting on a smooth surface. When the charge is detonated, the block breaks into three pieces. A ""6g piece travels at 1.& m.s, and a %""6g piece travels at ".8" m.s. 3he third piece flies off at a speed of 1.7 m.s. <f the angle between the first two pieces is 7"/, calculate the mass and direction of the third piece. Assume two significant digits for each value. 1% . A bullet with a mass of &0 g is fired into a 7.%6kg block of wood resting on a floor against a spring. 3his ideal spring :k C -5 1.m; has a ma!imum compression of 7 cm. What was the initial speed of the bullet? 1%%. Niven that C for a satellite, show that the radius of orbit for an (arth satellite is .

1%&. 9ow much work is done against gravity to fire a -. 1" 6kg weather monitor 1 " km into the air? :r( C 5.%7 1"5 m, M( C 0.87 1" & kg; 1%0. 9ow fast must a satellite leave (arth@s surface to reach an orbit with an altitude of 780 km?

EXAM REVIEW - D. O'Hara - SPH4U1 A!"#er Se tio!

MU&'IP&E CHOICE 1. . %. &. 0. 5. -. 7. 8. 1". 11. 1 . 1%. 1&. 10. 15. 1-. 17. 18. ". 1. . %. &. 0. 5. -. 7. 8. %". %1. % . %%. %&. %0. %5. %-. %7. %8. &". &1. A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F , A * , ( 4 ( A * ( ( A , A ( A , A , 4 * , * * 4 * * , ( A 4 4 , * A ( * 4 4 , ( P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M O.M, < O.M O.M O.M, , O.M O.M J, < < O.M J, O.M 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 1.& 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1. 1.% 1.& 1.& 1.& 1.0 1.0 .1 .1 .1 . . .% .% %.1 %.1 %. %.% %.% %.% %.& %.& %.& 8.1 8.% 8.% 8.% 8.% 8.% 8.% 8.% 8.& 8.& 8.& I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F ?J1."% ?J1."1 ?J1." ?J1." ?J1." ?J1."1 ?J1." ?J1."1 ?J1." ?J1." ?J1."% ?J1."% ?J1." ?J1." ?J1."1 ?J1."1 ?J1."1 ?J1."1 ?J1."1 ?J1."1 ?J1."1 ?J1."& ?J1."& ?J1."& ?J1."5 ?J1."5 ?J1."5 ?J1."5 ?J1."5 ?J1."5 WA1."1 WA1."% WA1."% WA ."1 WA ."1 WA ."& WA ."1 WA ."1 WA1."0 WA%." WA1."0

& . &%. &&. &0. &5. &-. &7. &8. 0". 01. 0 . 0%. 0&. 00. 05. 0-. 07. 08. 5". 51. 5 . 5%. 5&. 50. 55. 5-. 57. 58. -". -1. - . -%. -&.

A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F A1+F

4 , A ( A , * A , 4 A ( * * , A A * , * 4 A ( ( * , ( 4 * 4 , * *

P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F P(?F

< O.M, , O.M O.M, , O.M O.M O.M O.M J, < < O.M O.M < < O.M O.M < <, , O.M O.M O.M O.M , O.M O.M J, O.M < < O.M O.M O.M

2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF 2*KF

8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 11.1 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11.% 11.% 11.% 1 .1 1 .1 1 .1 1 .1 1 . 1 .& 1 .0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 0. 0.% 0.& 0.& 0.& 5.1 5. 5.%

I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F I2,F

WA ."% WA ." WA ." WA ." J(1."1 J(1."0 J(1."0 J(1."0 J( ." J( ." J( ." J(1."5 J(1."5 J(1."5 J(1."1 J(1."% J(1."% J(1."% J(1."& J(1."5 J(1."& (J1."1 (J1."1 (J1."1 (J1."% (J1." (J1."& (J1."% (J1."% (J1."% (J1."5 (J1."5 (J1."-

SHOR' A(SWER -0. A1+F ?rom the e!pression

it can be seen that the distance an object will travel is inversely proportional to the acceleration due to gravityF

3herefore,

An object will travel 5.1 times higher on the moon than on (arth when projected vertically upward from the two surfaces with the same initial velocity. P(?F , 2*KF 1.% I2,F ?J1."0 -5. A1+F 3he central point is located e#uidistant from each of the two slits. +ince the light through each slit originates from a single source, it is coherent :in phase; when it leaves the slits and reaches the centre of the screen in phase. 3his creates constructive interference, or in the case of light, a bright band.

P(?F , 2*KF 8.0 I2,F WA1."& --. A1+F 3he medical supplies would travel in a parabolic arch down and to the right relative to an observer on the ground. P(?F J, 2*KF 11.1 I2,F J(1."1 -7. A1+F <t would appear that the supplies are falling straight down from the plane. P(?F J, 2*KF 11.1 I2,F J(1."1 -8. A1+F 6 2bserver * will see both stars e!plode simultaneously. 6 2bserver A will see the closer star at A e!plode, and then the farther star at , e!plode some time later. 6 2bserver , will see the closer star at , e!plode, and then the farther star at A e!plode some time later. P(?F O.M 2*KF 11.1 I2,F J(1."0 7". A1+F 2bserver *L will see the e!plosions as if they were simultaneous but will see them e!plode some time after * has seen the e!plosion. P(?F O.M 2*KF 11.1 I2,F J(1."0

71. A1+F *oth the driver and the pedestrian would see the light moving at c, the speed of light. P(?F J, 2*KF 11. I2,F J(1."0 7 . A1+F 3he ship would appear to be =longer> but no change in height would occur. P(?F O.M 2*KF 11. I2,F J( ." 7%. A1+F We can neglect the force of gravity because it is so small.

3he average force acting on the ball is 5.0 1" 1. P(?F O.M 2*KF 0.1 I2,F (J1."1 7&. A1+F We can neglect the force of gravity because it is so small.

3he average force acting on the ball is 0 8 1. P(?F O.M 2*KF 0.1 I2,F (J1."1 70. A1+F 6 3he ball does not reach its original height after the bounce. :some loss of energy; 6 +ound is produced. :sound energy must come from original kinetic energy; P(?F O.M 2*KF 0.% I2,F (J1."& 75. A1+F 3he energy is stored as elastic potential energy in the deformed shape of the ball. P(?F O.M 2*KF 0.% I2,F (J1."&

7-. A1+F ,hoose east as the Qx direction.

3he final velocity is ".-% m.s 'W). P(?F O.M 2*KF 0. 77. A1+F ,hoose east as the Qx direction. I2,F (J1."

3he mass of the person is 5 kg. P(?F O.M 2*KF 0. I2,F (J1." 78. A1+F 3he 8"/ angle means we can use the Aythagorean theorem.

3he initial speed of the billiard ball was 0." m.s. P(?F O.M 2*KF 0.& I2,F (J1."%

PRO)&EM 8". A1+F :a; v1 C "." m.s a C 0." m.s d C 7"." cm C ".7"" m v C?

'he "pee* o+ the o$,e t upo! rea hi!- the rou-h "e tio! i" ../ %0". :b; v1 C .7% m.s v C "." m.s t C .0 s aC?

'he o$,e t1" a eleratio! i" 1.1 %0". a!* "lo#i!-. :c; 4uring the period of accelerationF d C ".7"" m 4uring the period of uniform motionF v C .7% m.s t C &." s d C vt C .7% m.s:&." s; C 11.% m 4uring the period of decelerationF v1 C .7% m.s v C "." m.s t C .0 s

3otal distance the object slidesF ".7"" m Q 11.% m Q %.0& m C 15 m 'he o$,e t "li*e" a total *i"ta! e o+ 12 %. P(?F O.M 2*KF 1. I2,F ?J1." 81. A1+F :a; Msing the sign convention that =up> is :D; and =down> is :Q;F v1 C D 0 m.s v C "." m.s a C 8.7 m.s d C ?

3he arrow travels %1.8 m upward to its highest point. 3he halfway position is 10.8 m. 3he time to travel the last half of its flightF d C D10.8 m v C "." m.s a C 8.7 m.s t C ?

?or the second arrowF d C 6%1.8 m a C 8.7 m.s t C 1.7" s v1 C ?

'he "pee* o+ the "e o!* arro# at lau! h i" .3 %0" 4up#ar*5. :b; ?inding the ma!imum height of the second arrowF v1 C D 5.0 m.s v C "." m.s a C 8.7 m.s d C ?

'he "e o!* arro# rea he" a %a6i%u% hei-ht o+ 72 % 4up#ar*5. P(?F O.M 2*KF 1.% 8 . A1+F :a; ,arF v1, C "." m.s, a, C .5 m.s 3ruckF v3 C 7." m.s I2,F ?J1."

,arF 3ruckF d3 C v3t d3 C 7." t d3 C d, Q 1. 1" m 7." t C 1.%:t; Q 1. 1" solving the #uadraticF t C 0.8 s, 15 s 'he tru 8 pa""e" the ar a+ter 9.: ". :b; v1, C "." m.s a, C .5 m.s

t C 0.8 s d, C ?

'he ar tra;el" 49 % $< the ti%e the tru 8 pa""e" it. :c; v1, C "." m.s a, C .5 m.s t = 15.6 s (the other root of the quadratic) v, C v1, Q a,t C .5 m.s :10.5 s; v, C &1 m.s 'he ar #ill $e tra;elli!- at 41 %0" #he! it pa""e" the tru 8 i+ it %ai!tai!" it" a eleratio!. P(?F O.M 8%. A1+F ,anoeist *F 2*KF 1. I2,F ?J1."

Msing sine lawF . 3he component of across the river isF .&sin:05 Q 15; C . 7 m.s. 3he time for * to cross to point BF

,anoeist AF

3he time for A to reach point BF

Ca!oe A %u"t #ait 171.2 " = 1.9 " > 2.2 ". P(?F O.M 8&. A1+F :a; displacement displacement 2*KF 1.0 I2,F ?J1."0

C area under graph C %.-0 m '+) Q 17.-0 m '1) C 0." m '+)

:b;

'he o$,e t1" a;era-e ;elo it< *uri!- the +ir"t 2.? " i" ?./7 %0" 4S5.

:c;

'he o$,e t1" a;era-e "pee* *uri!- the +ir"t 2.? " i" 3.1 %0". :d; 3he object is at its starting location % times throughout the motion.

:e; 3he object@s acceleration is greatest between t C 5.0 s and -." s. :the greatest slope; acceleration C slope of graph C %" m.s '1) :f;

:g;

P(?F O.M 2*KF 1. I2,F ?J1." 80. A1+F :a; 3ime of flightF let =up> be :D; and =down> be :Q; v1 C D 5 m.s:sin 5"/; C D .0 m.s a C 8.7 m.s d C ." m t C ?

." C :D .0;t Q &.8:t; +olving the #uadraticF t C &.57 s 'he ti%e o+ +li-ht i" 4.3 ". :b; 9ori$ontal rangeF d C vt C 5 m.s:cos 5";:&.57 s; C 5".7 m 3he receiver must runF 5".7 m D %." m C 0-.7 m. 3he time the receiver has to reach the footballF &.57 s Q ." s C 5.57 s.

3he average speed of the receiverF

'he re ei;er %u"t ru! #ith a! a;era-e "pee* o+ /.3 %0". P(?F O.M 2*KF 1.& 85. A1+F :a; 3rigonometric Jethod I2,F ?J1."%

Iooking at the vector triangleF C ". Msing cosine lawF C 1.% 1 . Msing sine lawF C 17. As a resultF

:b; ,omponent Jethod 1B C %.0 1:cos %"; '() C %."% 1 '() B C .7 1:sin &"; 'W) C 1.7" 1 'W) B C %."% 1 '() Q 1.7" 1 'W) C 1. % 1 '()

C %.0 1:sin %"; '1) C 1.-0 1 '1) H C .7 1:cos &"; '+) C .1& 1 '+) H C 1.-0 1 '1) Q .1& 1 '+) C ".%8 1 '+)
1H

Msing AythagorasF Msing a trigonometric ratioF C tanD1 As a resultF . C 17.

3he two methods give e#uivalent results. P(?F , 8-. A1+F :a; ?ree6body diagramF 2*KF .% I2,F ?J1."1

acting up g acting down A acting as illustrated O acting to the right =Mp> and =to the right> are the positive directions.
1

9ori$ontallyF

'he a eleratio! o+ the o$,e t i" 1.? %0".. :b; GerticallyF

'he !or%al +or e i" 1.7 1?. (4up5. :c; ?ree6body diagramF acting up acting down g A acting to the left O acting to the right =Mp> and =to the right> are the positive directions.
1

'he a eleratio! o+ the t#o %a""e" i" ?.9: %0".. :d; ?ree6body diagramF acting up acting down A acting to the left O acting to the right acting to the right :force of &." kg object on 1 ." kg object; =Mp> and =to the right> are the positive directions.
1 g

'he 4.?-8- o$,e t e6ert" a +or e o+ 9.7 ( o! the 1..?-8- o$,e t.

P(?F O.M 87. A1+F :a; ?or the 0."6kg massF ?ree6body diagramF

2*KF

.%

I2,F ?J1."

acting perpendicular to ramp and up acting down 3 acting up along the ramp :this is the positive direction; O acting down along the ramp :this is the negative direction;
1 g

0." kg:a; C 0." kg:a; C

3 3

D mg:cos ; D mg:sin ; D %0.0 1 acting up :this is the negative direction; acting down :this is the positive direction;

?or the "."6kg massF ?ree6body diagramF

3 g

"." kg:a; D 185 1 D

+olving the system of e#uationsF a C 5.& m.s 'he a eleratio! o+ the 9.?-8- %a"" alo!- the ra%p i" 2.4 %0" .. :b;

'he te!"io! i! the a$le i" 2/ (. :c;

3he speed of projection of the mass off the top of the ramp is -. m.s. :d; GerticallyF Iet =up> be :D; and =down> be :Q;. a C 8.7 m.s d C 5." m

9ori$ontal rangeF

'he hori@o!tal ra!-e +or the pro,e te* %a"" i" :.9 %. P(?F O.M 2*KF .% 88. A1+F :a; ?ree6body diagram of the crateF Iet =up> be :D; and =down> be :Q;. I2,F ?J1."1 acting up acting down g
3

C D5"" 1 Q 0"." kg:8.7 1.kg; C D11" 1

It #ill ta8e ..3 " to li+t the rate. :b; ?or the 0"."6kg massF ?ree6body diagramF

3 g

acting up :this is the negative direction; acting down :this is the positive direction;

0"." kg:a; C 0"." kg:8.7 1.kg; D ?or the &0."6kg massF ?ree6body diagramF

acting up :this is the positive direction; acting down :this the negative direction; g
3

&0." kg:a; C &0." kg:8.7 1.kg; D

+olving the system of e#uationsF a C ".0 m.s 'he a eleratio! o+ the rate #ill $e ?.9. %0".. :c;
3 C &0." kg:a; Q &0." kg :8.7 1.kg; C &0." kg:".0 m.s ; Q &0." kg:8.7 1.kg; 3 C &.5 1" 1 'he te!"io! i! the a$le #oul* $e 4.2 1?. (.

P(?F O.M 1"". A1+F :a; ?ree6body diagramF

2*KF

.%

I2,F ?J1."1

acting perpendicular to the roof :upward; acting down O acting up along the roof :this is the negative direction;
1 g

:b; Aarallel to the roofF

ma C mg:sin ; D mg:cos ; a C 8.7 1.kg:sin 0"/; D :".1&;:8.7 1.kg;:cos 0"/; a C 5.5 m.s

'he i e lea;e" the roo+ at 1.? 1?1 %0". :c; When the ice leaves the roof it becomes a projectileF GerticallyF

+olving the #uadraticF t C ".&"5 s 9ori$ontallyF d C v:cos )t C 1".% m.s:cos 0";:".&"5 s; d C .- m 'he i e la!*" ..3 % +ro% the $a"e o+ the $uil*i!-. P(?F O.M 2*KF .% I2,F ?J1."1 1"1. A1+F :a; ?or the ".7"6kg massF ?ree6body diagramF 1 acting up g acting down 3 acting to the right :this is the positive direction; O acting to the left :this is the negative direction;

".7" kg:a; C ".7" kg:a; C ".7" kg:a; C

D O 1 3 D ".1&:".7" kg;:8.7 1.kg; 3 D 1.1" 1

3

?or the ."6kg massF ?ree6body diagramF

acting perpendicular to the ramp :upward; acting down g 3 acting up along the ramp :this is the negative direction; O acting up along the ramp
1

." kg:a; C ." kg:8.7 1.kg;:sin %"/; D ." kg:a; C D 3 Q -.& 1

D ".1&: ." kg;:8.7 1.kg;:cos %"/;

+olving the system of e#uationsF a C .% m.s 'he "<"te% #ill a elerate at ..7 %0".. :b;
3 C ".7" kg:a; Q 1.1" 1 C ".7" kg: . 5 m.s ; Q 1.1" 1 3 C .8 1 'he te!"io! i! the "tri!- i" ..: (.

:c; <f the block remains stationaryF + C g sin C ." kg:8.7 1.kg;:sin %"; + C 8.7 1

'he %i!i%u% oe++i ie!t o+ "tati +ri tio! reAuire* i" ?.9/. P(?F O.M 1" . A1+F :a; ?or the &."6kg massF ?ree6body diagramF 2*KF .% I2,F ?J1."1

acting perpendicular to the ramp :upward; acting down 3 acting up along the ramp :this is the positive direction; O acting down along the ramp :this is the negative direction;
1 g

?or the 5."6kg massF ?ree6body diagramF :b; ?or the &."6kg massF &." kg:a; C &." kg:a; C
3 3

g 3

acting down :this is the positive direction; acting up :this is the negative direction;

D mg:cos ; D mg:sin ; D 1%.0 1

?or the 5."6kg massF 5." kg:a; C 07.7 1 D

3

+olving the system of e#uationsF a C &.0 m.s 'he a eleratio! o+ the 4.?-8- %a"" alo!- the ra%p i" 4.9 %0" ..

:c; C &." kg:a; Q1%.0 1 C &." kg:&.0% m.s ; Q 1%.0 1 3 C % 1 'he te!"io! i! the a$le i" 7. (.
3

:d; ?or the block sliding down the rampF ?ree6body diagramF 1 acting perpendicular to the ramp :upward; g acting down O acting up along the ramp :this is the negative direction;

ma C mg:sin ; D mg:cos ; a C 8.7 1.kg:sin %"/; D :".17;:8.7 1.kg;:cos%"/; a C %.%- m.s

It #oul* ta8e 1.7 " to rea h the $otto% o+ the ra%p. P(?F O.M 1"%. A1+F :a; ?or the engineF ?ree6body diagramF 2*KF .% I2,F ?J1."1

acting up acting down g acting to the left O A acting as indicated 3 acting to the left :force of caboose on engine;
1

?or the cabooseF ?ree6body diagramF

acting up acting down g O acting to the left 3 acting to the right :force of engine on caboose;
1

Iet =to the right> and =upward> be :Q;. :b;

,onsidering the entire trainF

'he trai! #ill a elerate at ..1 %0".. :c; ,onsidering the cabooseF

C ".1"" kg: .1 m.s ; D :D".&" 1; C ".51 1 'he te!"io! i! the "tri!- ,oi!i!- the e!-i!e a!* a$oo"e i" ?.21 (. P(?F O.M 2*KF .% I2,F ?J1."1 1"&. A1+F :a; 3he minimum fre#uency occurs when the tension becomes $ero.

'he %i!i%u% +reAue! < i" ?.7: H@.

:b; 3he ma!imum tension occurs at the bottom of the circle.

Iet =up> be negative and =down> be positiveF

'he %a6i%u% te!"io! i" 7.: ( 4up5. P(?F O.M 2*KF %. I2,F ?J1."& 1"0. A1+F 3he free body diagram of the pilot at the bottom of the arcF

C force of seat e!erted upward on the pilot :the normal force; 1 C &mg
1

'he ra*iu" o+ the ar i" 9: %. P(?F O.M 2*KF %. I2,F ?J1."& 1"5. A1+F 3he weight of a 5"."6kg person at (arth@s surfaceF g C mg C 5"." kg:8.7 1.kg; g C 077 1 +ince (arthF ( C 077 1 m1 C 5"." kg m C m( r C r( , the two planets can be compared. AlanetF A C ? m1 C 5"." kg m C .0 m( rA C 1. r(

'he per"o! #oul* #ei-h 1.? 1?7 ( at the pla!et1" "ur+a e. P(?F O.M 2*KF %.% I2,F ?J1."5 1"-. A1+F 3he orbital radius is 5.%7 1"5 m Q %. 0 1"0 m C 5.-"0 1"5 m 3he centripetal force acting on the satellite is supplied by gravity. , C g

'he or$ital perio* i" :1.? %i!. P(?F O.M 1"7. A1+F 2*KF %.& I2,F ?J1."5

:a;

'he relati;e i!*e6 o+ re+ra tio! +ro% "hallo# to *eep #ater i" ?.4.. :b;

'he "pee* o+ the #a;e i! the *eep #ater i" 1. %0". P(?F O.M 1"8. A1+F :a; 2*KF 8.1 I2,F WA1."1

'he i!*e6 o+ re+ra tio! $et#ee! the t#o re-io!" i" ?.49. :b;

'he #a;ele!-th i" 17 %. P(?F O.M 11". A1+F 2*KF 8.1 I2,F WA ."%

'he "pee* i" 1/ %0"B the #a;ele!-th i" 9.7 %B a!* the +reAue! < i" 7.7 H@. P(?F O.M 111. A1+F 2*KF 8.% I2,F WA1."1

'he three !o*al li!e" appear at a!-le" o+ /.2oB .3oB a!* 4:o +ro% the e!tre li!e. P(?F O.M 11 . A1+F 2*KF 8.% I2,F WA1."1

'he ;alue +or x4 i" 2/ %. P(?F O.M, , 11%. A1+F 2*KF 8.% I2,F WA1."1

'he #a;ele!-th i" 1.41 %%. P(?F O.M, , 11&. A1+F 2*KF 8.% I2,F WA1."1

'he #a;ele!-th o+ li-ht u"e* #a" 4.9 1?=3 %. P(?F O.M, , 110. A1+F 2*KF 8.0 I2,F WA ."

'he +reAue! < o+ the "tatio! i" :9 MH@. P(?F J, 115. A1+F v C ".80c C 11 a 2*KF 8.0 I2,F WA%."

'he ti%e that ha* pa""e* o! Earth #a" 79 <ear". P(?F < 11-. A1+F 2*KF 11. I2,F J( ."

'he "hip #a" tra;elli!- at ?.:: the "pee* o+ li-ht. P(?F < 117. A1+F v C ".8%c Lm C &.0% ly 2*KF 11. I2,F J( ."

'he proper le!-th $et#ee! the pla!et" #a" 1... l<.

P(?F < 118. A1+F m C 0"" g :".0 kg; v C ".0 c

2*KF 11.

I2,F J( ."

'he $o%$'" relati;i"ti %o%e!tu% i" :.1 1?3 8-C%0". P(?F < 1 ". A1+F 1.5" 1"D18 K = 1 eG m = 1.5- 1"D - kg v = ".-0"c 2*KF 11. I2,F J( ."

'he total e!er-< o+ the proto! i" 14. MeV. P(?F < 1 1. A1+F 2*KF 11.% I2,F J(1."5

'he ele tro! ha" a 8i!eti e!er-< o+ ?.42/ MeV. P(?F < 1 . A1+F 2*KF 11.% I2,F J(1."5

(oB a! ele tro! #oul* !ot $e e,e te* $e au"e the 8i!eti e!er-< i" !ot a po"iti;e ;alue. P(?F < 1 %. A1+F 2*KF 1 .1 I2,F J(1."%

vC?

'he ele tro! #oul* $e e,e te* +ro% the "o*iu% #ith a "pee* o+ 7.:/ 1?9 %0". P(?F <, , 1 &. A1+F m = 8.11 1"D%1 kg 2*KF 1 .1 I2,F J(1."%

p ! mv p = :8.11 1"D%1 kg;:%.87 1"0 m.s; p = %.5 5 1"D 0 kgEm.s

'he #a;ele!-th o+ a photo! eAui;ale!t to the ele tro! i" 1./7 !%. P(?F < 1 0. A1+F 2*KF 1 . I2,F J(1."%

'he "atellite #ill ha;e a #a;ele!-th o+ 9.77 1?=4? %.

P(?F < 1 5. A1+F

2*KF 1 .

I2,F J(1."&

'he #a;ele!-th o+ li-ht that #oul* $e e%itte* #oul* $e 14? !%. P(?F <, , 1 -. A1+F 2*KF 1 .& I2,F J(1."%

'he photo! #oul* ha;e a #a;ele!-th o+ 1./? !%.

P(?F < 1 7. A1+F *efore the collisionF

2*KF 1 .0

I2,F J( ."1

After the collisionF

1ow using the kinematics e#uationsF

'he pair oa"t a total o+ 1.4 % a+ter the olli"io!. P(?F O.M 2*KF 0. 1 8. A1+F Msing conservation of momentumF I2,F (J1."

1ow use conservation of energyF

'he +i!al "pee* o+ the %ore %a""i;e art i" ?.4. %0". P(?F O.M 2*KF 0.% I2,F (J1." 1%". A1+F Jomentum is conserved during the collision.

,onserved energy for the spring compressionF

1ow sub in to calculate the mass of the wooden block

'he %a"" o+ the #oo*e! $lo 8 i" 1. 8-. P(?F O.M 2*KF 0.% I2,F (J1." 1%1. A1+F 3he momentum of the ""6g piece, p , is ". " 1.& C ". 7 kgm.s. 3he momentum of the %""6g piece, p%, is ".%" ".8" C ". - kgm.s. 3he momentum of the unknown piece, pm, is m 1.7 C 1.7m kgm.s. ,hoose the Qx direction to be the direction of the ""6g piece. is the angle between the unknown momentum vector and opposite to the ""6g momentum vector.

1ow divide (#uation 1 by (#uation F

+ubstitute this value into (#uation 1F

3he angle measured from the ""6g piece is 17"/ D %8/ C 1&1/. 'he %a"" o+ the thir* pie e i" ?..7 8- a!* it i" %o;i!- 141D +ro% the .??-- pie e. EIt i" 17:D +ro% the 7??-- pie e.F P(?F O.M 2*KF 0.& I2,F (J1."% 1% . A1+F ?irst use conservation of energy after the collision until the ma!imum compressionF

1ow use conservation of momentum for the collisionF

'he i%pa t "pee* o+ the $ullet #a" 1.2 1?. %0". P(?F O.M 1%%. A1+F c C g 2*KF 0.% I2,F (J1."

P(?F , 1%&. A1+F

2*KF 5.

I2,F (J1."5

'he #or8

*o!e a-ai!"t -ra;it< i" /.7 1?/ G. P(?F O.M 1%0. A1+F 2*KF 5.% I2,F (J1."-

'he lau! h "pee* #oul* !ee* to $e /.7/ 1?7 %0". P(?F O.M 2*KF 5.% I2,F (J1."-