IS : 1826 - 1961

(Reaffirmed 1996) Edition 1.1 (1969-05)

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR VENETIAN BLINDS FOR WINDOWS

(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

UDC 69.028.33

BIS 2002

BUREAU

OF INDIAN

STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 6

IS : 1826 - 1961

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR VENETIAN BLINDS FOR WINDOWS

Doors, Windows and Building Furniture Sectional Committee, BDC 11

Chairman SHRI D. P. ASAR Members SHRI S. H. ABHYANKAR SHRI AKSHOY BOSE SHRI AMIYA MADHOB CHAKI SHRI R. K. CHARI SHRI K. SRINIVAS ( Alternate ) SHRI M. C. GANDHI SHRI K. R. ANANTHASWAMY ( Alternate ) GENERAL MANAGER ENGINEER INCHARGE, Wood Works Department ( Alternate ) SHRI K. M. GUPTA SHRI M. J. JAL SHRI S. K. JOGLEKAR SHRI V. M. PUNDLIK ( Alternate ) SHRI L. S. LULLA SHRI J. N. MULLAN ( Alternate ) SHRI C. P. MALIK SHRI SHRI KRISHNA ( Alternate ) CAPT N. J. MASANI SHRI S. K. MULLICK SHRI J. D. SHASTRI SHRI C. D. SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI N. B. SHROFF MR. H. THOMSON MR. G. W. M. WHITTLE ( Alternate ) DR. H. C. VISVESVARAYA, Deputy Director (Bldg) Central Public Works Department Ballardie Thompson & Matthews, Calcutta Calcutta Cabinet Makers & Furnishers Association, Calcutta Indian Aluminium Co. Ltd., Calcutta Man Industrial Corporation Ltd., Jaipur Hindustan Housing Factory Private Ltd., New Delhi Representing Sunderdas & Co., Bombay

Hind Construction Co. Ltd., Calcutta Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Co. Private Ltd., Bombay Central Public Works Department Bombay State Road Transport Corporation, Bombay National Buildings Organization (Ministry of Works, Housing & Supply) Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehra Dun Hopes Metals Windows (India) Ltd., Calcutta The Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay Research, Design & Standards Organization (Ministry of Railways) Plywood Products, Sitapur Director, ISI ( Ex-officio Member )

Secretary SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA Assistant Director (Bldg), ISI

BIS 2002

BUREAU

OF INDIAN

STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002

IS : 1826 - 1961

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR VENETIAN BLINDS FOR WINDOWS

0. F O R E W O R D 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 31 May 1961, after the draft finalized by the Doors, Windows and Building Furniture Sectional Committee had been approved by the Building Division Council. 0.2 Protection against excessive daylight and glare inside buildings without restricting ventilation is one of the problems confronting an architect. While a certain minimum area of window space is necessary from the point of view of adequate natural ventilation during daytime, the required window space creates often excessive glare and discomfort in the room. Window blinds, curtains, coloured glass and similar devices have been adopted to reduce the glare and cut down excessive daylight. This standard deals with window blinds of the Venetian type made of either wood or metal slats. 0.2.1 The components that go with a Venetian blind are of various materials and serve different purposes. In addition to the description of these components, illustrative sketches are also given in this standard. It is, therefore, to be appreciated that for the same purpose, any other shape or design of the component is permissible and the sketches as now included are only illustrative. 0.3 The Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of this standard has taken into consideration the views of producers, consumers and technologists and has related 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers material, constructional details, sizes and requirements of open head custom-made Venetian blinds made of either wood or metal slats. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definition shall apply. 2.1 Venetian Blind A blind capable of being raised or lowered, having thin parallel slats placed horizontally one above the other with two or more heavier cross members carrying operating devices, one at the top and one at the bottom. It is equipped with a mechanical tilting device and a cord lock which will permit simultaneous adjustment of slats and bottom 2 the standard to the manufacturing and trade practices followed in the country in this field. Due weightage has also been given to the need for international co-ordination among standards prevailing in different countries of the world. 0.4 Wherever a reference to any Indian Standard appears in this specification, it shall be taken as a reference to the latest version of the standard. 0.5 Metric system has been adopted in India and all quantities and dimensions appearing in this standard have been given in this system. 0.6 This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (May 1969). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment. 0.7 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960 Rules for Rounding Off Numerical Values ( Revised ). The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 0.8 This standard is intended chiefly to cover the technical provisions relating to Venetian blinds for windows, and it does not include all the necessary provisions of a contract. rails at any desired angle and height, thereby giving maximum control of light and privacy while allowing ventilation. 3. GRADE 3.1 The Venetian blinds shall be of two grades, namely, Grade 1 and Grade 2; and the requirements of the two grades shall be as specified in 3.2 and 3.3. 3.2 Venetian blinds of Grade 1 ( see Fig. 1 ) shall: a) have aluminium slats, b) have a suitable provision either for locking the slats to the ladders or have a dual ladder for each slat so that the slats may not flutter,

IS : 1826 - 1961
c) be capable of being removed instantaneously from their mountings without the need of any tools for cleaning, repairs and replacements. 3.3 Venetian blinds of Grade 2 ( see Fig. 2 ) shall have wooden slats. They neither need be removable instantaneously nor have a provision for interlocking of the slats as in Grade 1 blinds. 4. MATERIAL 4.1 Timber Timber used for the slats, top rails, tilting rails and bottom rails shall be free from knots and insect holes. The wooden slats and rails shall be made from any of the timbers having durability of Class I and II timbers as given in IS : 399-1952 Classification of Commercial Timbers and Their Zonal Distribution ( Tentative ). 4.1.1 All timbers shall be seasoned to an average moisture content not exceeding 14 percent except for slats in which case it shall not exceed 10 percent. 4.2 Metal 4.2.1 Aluminium alloy used for rolling of slats shall conform to NS 4 of IS : 737-1955 Specification for Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys, Sheet and Strip and shall have the following properties: Hardness Zero Ultimate tensile strength 17.3 to 22 kg/cm2 Elongation 18 percent, Min 4.2.2 All hardware including pulleys, guide channels and other fittings, unless otherwise specified, shall be of corrosion-resistant materials; if made of steel the hardware shall be hot galvanized. All screws used for mounting hardware and installation of blinds and guide channels shall be of brass suitably electroplated. 5. SIZES 5.1 The size of a Venetian blind shall be defined by the width (length) and the height (drop) of the blind as ordered for the position of fixing ( see 5.2 and Fig. 3 ). 5.2 The size of a Venetian blind shall depend upon the method of fixing. Venetian blinds may be fixed in any one of the three positions indicated in Fig. 3. Depending upon the method of fixing, the size shall be as defined for each position and each individual Venetian blind shall be made to the required size of the corresponding window or opening. 5.3 Maximum Sizes of Venetian Blinds 5.3.1 Venetian blinds of Grade 1 shall not exceed 500 cm in width and 10 m2 in area. 5.3.2 Venetian blinds of Grade 2 shall not exceed 275 cm in width and 7.5 m2 in area. 6. CONSTRUCTION 6.0 Components Components of Venetian blinds shall be as specified in 6.1 to 6.13. 3 6.1 Installation Brackets 6.1.1 The installation brackets ( see Fig. 4A and 4B ) shall be of such a design as to provide a minimum back clearance of 16 mm to the blind. They shall have a provision to hold the facia board in position and in a manner that would facilitate the easy removal and refixing of the facia boards. 6.1.2 The installation brackets shall be of sufficient strength to support the weight of the entire Venetian blind and shall be so designed as to install the blind in any of the positions as specified in 5.2. 6.2 Tilt Rail, Bottom Rail and Top Rail 6.2.1 Material Tilt, bottom and top rails for both the grades of blinds shall be made from any of the timbers specified in 4.1. 6.2.2 Sizes a) Tilt rails shall be 50 1 mm wide and 20 1 mm thick ( see Fig. 4C ). b) Bottom rails for blinds of Grade 1 and for blinds of Grade 2 up to a width of 250 cm shall be 50 1 mm wide and 20 1 mm thick. For blinds of Grade 2 exceeding 250 cm in width, the thickness of the rail shall be increased to 25 mm ( see Fig. 4D ). c) Top rails, wherever required, shall be 62 1 mm wide and 22 1 mm thick ( see Fig. 4E ). 6.2.3 The rails shall be free of twist and shall be reasonably straight. 6.3 Slats 6.3.1 Wooden slats shall be made from the timbers specified in 4.1. Wooden slats shall be reasonably flat and be free from twist and cup or bow in width. The slat shall be held at ends on a base board of an angle of 85 to the horizontal and the slat shall not be clear of the base board by more than 1/500th of the width of the slat. 6.3.2 Aluminium slats shall be of convex, M or S shape and shall be made from aluminium alloy of quality specified in 4.2.1. 6.3.3 Sizes a) Wooden slats ( see Fig. 4F ) shall be 48 0.5 mm wide and 2.5 0.3 mm thick. b) Aluminium slats shall be 48 0.5 mm wide when formed ( see Fig. 4G ). The thickness of coated aluminium slats shall be 0.254 to 0.375 mm with a tolerance of 0.004 mm. 6.3.4 The number of slats per blind of different heights (drops) shall be as shown in Table I. 6.4 Route Holes 6.4.1 Route holes in the slats for the passage of lifting cord shall conform to the size and shape shown in Fig. 4H. The route holes shall be clean-cut with all edges free from burrs. 6.4.2 Route holes in top, tilt and bottom rails

IS : 1826 - 1961

TABLE I

NUMBER OF SLATS PER BLIND OF DIFFERENT HEIGHTS (DROPS) ( Clause 6.3.4 )

HEIGHT (DROP) (1) cm 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360

TOTAL NO. OF SLATS (2)

HEIGHT (DROP) (1) cm

TOTAL NO. OF SLATS (2)

HEIGHT (DROP) (1) cm

TOTAL NO. OF SLATS (2)

HEIGHT (DROP) (1) cm

TOTAL NO. OF SLATS (2)

4 7 10 12 14 17 20 22 24 27 30 32 34 37 39 42 44 47 49 51 54 56 59 61 64 66 69 71 74 76 79 81 84 86

32.5 42.5 52.5 62.5 72.5 82.5 92.5 102.5 112.5 122.5 132.5 142.5 152.5 162.5 172.5 182.5 192.5 202.5 212.5 222.5 232.5 242.5 252.5 262.5 272.5 282.5 292.5 302.5 312.5 322.5 332.5 342.5 352.5

5 8 10 13 15 17 20 22 25 27 30 32 35 37 40 42 45 48 50 52 54 57 59 62 64 67 69 72 74 77 79 82 85

35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 255 265 275 285 295 305 315 325 335 345 355

6 8 11 13 16 18 21 23 26 28 31 33 35 38 41 43 45 49 50 52 55 58 60 63 65 67 70 72 75 78 80 82 85

37.5 47.5 57.5 67.5 77.5 87.5 97.5 107.5 117.5 127.5 137.5 147.5 157.5 167.5 177.5 187.5 197.5 207.5 217.5 227.5 237.5 247.5 257.5 267.5 277.5 287.5 297.5 307.5 317.5 327.5 337.5 347.5 357.5

6 9 12 14 16 19 21 24 26 29 31 33 36 39 42 44 46 49 51 53 56 58 61 63 66 68 71 73 75 78 80 83 86

shall be of sufficiently large size to accommodate the pulley and provide for free passage of lifting cords. 6.5 Ladder Web 6.5.1 The face and cross tapes shall be made of high grade cotton or synthetic yarn. Yarn shall be clean and free from motes. 6.5.2 Construction The ladder web shall consist of two vertical tapes with cross tapes placed within them. The ends of the cross tapes shall be interwoven in the back of the face tapes to form ladders 50 mm long ( see Fig. 4J ). 6.5.3 The successive ladders shall be placed on alternate sides at 40 mm 0.5 mm centres to permit 10-mm overlap of the slats. The cross tapes shall be interwoven at a minimum distance of 3 mm from the edge of the face tapes and shall on each side be in a straight line one over the other ( see Fig. 4J ). 6.5.4 The ladder webs shall be so spaced in a Venetian blind as not to exceed 75 cm between centres. The number of ladder webs per blind of 4

different widths shall be as shown in Fig. 5A to 5F. 6.6 Tilting Device 6.6.1 The tilting device shall be of synchronized worm and gear design capable of lifting the blind including the slats from one extreme to the other. It shall allow slats to be changed from horizontal plane to vertical plane when tilted both frontward and backward. The tilting operation shall be smooth and positive. 6.6.1.1 Where tilting device is of a type in which the tilting cord is locked to the tilting pulley to provide a positive pull, the minimum gear ratio shall be 7 : 1. 6.6.1.2 In other cases, the tilting device shall have a self-adjusting clutch mechanism for maintaining the level of the tilting cord, the cord having limit beads attached at its two ends to avoid its slipping beyond a given height and the pulley carrying the tilt cord shall be so designed and finished that there is no undue wear on the tilt cord. The minimum gear ratio in such a type of tilter shall be 17 : 1.

IS : 1826 - 1961
6.7 Cord Lock The blind shall be provided with automatic cord lock ( see Fig. 4K ) so designed that it will hold the blind at any desired height without the need for fastening the lifting cords on hooks. The cord lock shall lock both the ends of the lifting cord simultaneously without slippage and with a single pull of the lifting cords. The cord lock shall be so mounted that the lifting cords can be operated without interference and without undue wear and tear. 6.8 Tilting and Lifting Cords 6.8.1 The cords shall be made of good quality cotton yarn or a combination of cotton and rayon or of nylon yarn. 6.8.2 The cords shall be of sufficient length for convenient and efficient use. 6.8.3 Cords shall be attached in a neat and secure manner and shall be easily detachable and replaceable. Unless otherwise indicated, the tilting cords shall be near the end of the left side of the blind and the lifting cords shall be near the end of the right side of the blind. 6.8.4 Cords shall be No. 4, hollow or filled, uniformly braided and of smooth finish to minimize wear, stretch and abrasion. Cord No. 4 shall be 3.5 0.4 mm in diameter. 6.9 Cord Equalizer The lifting cord of each blind shall be provided with a cord equalizer ( see Fig. 4L ) for maintaining equal pull on both the ends of the cord. 6.10 Pulleys 6.10.1 The pulleys shall be made of a suitable material, that is, strong and hard and which needs no oiling. 6.10.2 Multi-lift blinds shall have ball-bearing pulleys on the bottom rail. 6.11 Centre Supports 6.11.1 Tilt Rail Supports Every blind over 90 cm in width shall have one tilt rail centre support for the tilt rail; and for each additional width of 75 cm, an additional centre support as shown in Fig. 5A to 5F shall be provided. 6.11.2 In sta lla tion S u p p orts T here sh all also be provided in stallation centre supp ort brackets of a design an d shap e as to allow for am ple safety factor and to prevent sagging of the blind. 6.11.2.1 Every blind without top rail shall be provided with equal number of installation centre supports of a suitable design as the tilt rail centre supports and shall be suitably attached to the same. 6.11.2.2 Every blind with top rail but 135 cm and over in width shall be provided with installation centre supports for every additional width of 90 cm suitably attached to the top rail. 6.11.2.3 The installation centre supports shall be screwed to the back wall or the ceiling as may be found convenient. 5 6.11.2.4 The installation centre supports shall be so designed as to hold the facia board in line. 6.12 Side Guide Channels Wherever specially ordered, blinds shall be provided with side guide channels ( see Fig. 4M ). The side guide channels shall consist of guide rails and slat-end clips ( see Fig. 4N ) and wherever required, wooden battens. The guide rails shall permit free up and down movement of the slats without allowing undue play of the slat-end clips. The slat-end clips shall be of nylon, stainless steel or equivalent non-rusting material and shall be of a design that will hold the slats firmly without damaging or deforming them. The slat-end clips shall be removable easily. One slat-end clip shall be provided for each alternate slat at opposite ends. 6.13 Facia Boards (Pelmets) Facia board ( see Fig. 4P ) shall be of wood, metal or plastic of sufficient width and thickness to fit the installation bracket, and shall be of the colour matching the blind, unless otherwise specified. 6.14 General 6.14.1 Venetian blinds shall be generally assembled as shown in Fig. 1. 6.14.2 The route holes in the top rail and/or tilt rail, slats and bottom rail shall match each other so that they are centred correctly in relation to each other and the width of the blind. 6.14.3 The ladder webs shall be centred equidistant from the ends of the blind and from each other. 6.14.4 The slats after assembly shall be parallel to each other in horizontal position. 7. INSTALLATION 7.1 All blinds shall be secured to their proper places with screws conforming to IS : 451-1953 Specification for Wood Screws and all work shall be performed in a workmanlike manner. Installation brackets and installation centre supports shall be fixed in a workmanlike manner. If installed on wood, 2.5 cm No. 8 screws or larger size may be used. If installed on masonry, plaster, brick, cement blocks or tile, drill a neat hole 2.5 cm deep by using a No. 8 drill, insert a fibre or plastic plug or lead shield and use 2.5 cm No. 8 screw or larger as in wood. 7.2 Nails shall not be used in the installation of brackets and centre supports. 8. FINISH 8.1 Aluminium Slats The aluminium slats shall be given a pretreatment to provide a permanent bond between the aluminium and the finishing paint and then given suitable coats of primer and upper coats of paint which shall be high gloss and of a baked enamel type. 8.2 Wooden Slats and Rails The wooden

IS : 1826 - 1961
slats and rails shall be sanded smooth before painting. For finishing wooden slats and rails, one coat of sealer, one coat of primer-surfacer, putty and two coats of paint shall be applied. The paint used shall be semi-gloss good quality enamel or celullose paint. 8.3 The final paint finished surface shall be smooth and even. 9. TESTING 9.1 Aluminium Slats 9.1.1 Physical Tests The finished aluminium slats shall be tested for the following properties before painting: Tensile strength, Min 3 375 kg/cm2 Yield stress, Min 3 100 kg/cm2 Elongation, Max (5 cm gauge) 2.5 percent 9.1.2 Salt Water Test Aluminium slats shall be sprayed with 5 percent salt solution at 40C for 500 hours and shall not show blistering, corrosion, chalking, change of colour and loss of gloss or adhesion (between metal and finish) after a recovery period of 30 minutes. 9.1.3 Cold and Hot Water Test for Enamel The baked enamel finish shall resist soaking in cold water for 48 hours and for 30 minutes in boiling water. The enamel shall not blister and shall recover the same hardness after being out of water for 2 hours. 9.1.4 Light Test The enamel finish shall withstand exposure to a twin-arc weatherometer operated on a cycle of 17 minutes to light without water spray and 3 minutes to light with water spray, for a minimum period of 200 hours without blistering, corroding, chalking, loss of gloss, changing of colour, and without loss of adhesion after a recovery period of 30 minutes. 9.1.5 Rigidity Test The slats shall be of flexible aluminium having sufficient flexibility to permit a 180 degree bend around a 7.5 cm diameter cylinder without harm or permanent deformation of the slats, or injury to the finish when released to their original shape. Bend test shall be made on both the convex and concave sides, but shall not include the route holes. After the bend test, the slat shall be placed on a plane surface with the concave side down, and in this position the perpendicular distance from the supporting surface to any point on either edge of the slat shall not exceed 3 mm. With the slats similarly supported, the maximum difference in the perpendicular distance from the supporting surface to the edge of the slats for any two points 75 mm apart, along either edge shall not exceed 1 mm. The crown of the slat shall be sufficient to support an extended length of at least 90 cm. 9.2 Ladder Web 9.2.1 Colour Fastness and Shrinkage The 6 face and cross tapes of the ladder web shall have good colour fastness to light and water, and shall not shrink more than 7 percent. Colour fastness shall be determined by standard fadometer tests for at least 200 hours. 9.2.2 Breaking Strength Face tapes of ladder web when tested individually shall have a breaking strength of not less than 100 kg. Cross tapes (or ladders) when tested individually shall have minimum strength of 7 kg without breaking or tearing away from the face tapes. The testing procedure shall be in accordance with IS : 243-1951 Method of Determination of Breaking Load (Strength) and Elongation of Woven Cotton Fabrics (by constant-rate-oftraverse machine). 9.3 Breaking Strength of Cords When tested on single strand method, the breaking strength of cords shall be at least 80 kg. 10. INSPECTION AND TESTING 10.1 The manufacturer shall provide all facilities for the inspection of the blinds at his premises. 10.2 The manufacturer shall, at the request of the purchaser or his representative, give free of charge a certificate to the effect that the blinds supplied conform to the requirements of this standard. 10.3 The purchaser shall have the option of rejecting or asking for replacement of any article found to be defective or not complying with the requirements of this standard during assembly, irrespective of his prior inspection and approval provided the defect is found to have been in existence in the manufacturers works and stores and not due to subsequent handling. 10.4 The purchaser shall have the right to conduct tests to determine the quality of material, construction and finish as agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 11. PACKING 11.1 All Venetian blinds shall be supplied duly assembled. 11.2 When Venetian blinds are to be despatched, each assembled blind shall be suitably wrapped in paper. Slats coming into contact with hardware shall be suitably protected. Guide channels, when ordered, shall be separately wrapped. The blinds shall be packed in cases with gross weight not exceeding 55 kg. 11.3 All packing shall be done in such a way that it will not lead to damage to the finished assembly or its components. 12. INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED BY THE PURCHASER 12.1 The purchaser shall specify the following information to the supplier: a) Type and class of Venetian blinds,

IS : 1826 - 1961
b) Size of Venetian blinds [width height (outside dimensions)], c) Size of opening and position of fixing, d) Whether guide channels are required or not, and e) Colour of slats, ladder web and cord. 13. MARKING 13.1 A ll V enetian blind s shall be m arked on top rail (or tilt rail) w ith a suitable m ark iden tifyin g th e m anufactu rer, typ e an d size of blind . 13.2 The Venetian blinds may also be marked with the ISI Certification Mark.
N O T E Th e use of the IS I C ertification M ark is governed by th e provision s of th e Indian S tandards Institution (C ertification M arks) A ct, 1952 and the R ules and R egulations m ade th ereunder. D etails of conditions, under w hich a licence for th e use of the IS I C ertification M ark m ay be gran ted to m anufacturers or processors, m ay be obtain ed from the In dian S tandards Institu tion.

FIG. 1

VENETIAN BLIND ASSEMBLY

(Removable Type Aluminium Slats)

IS : 1826 - 1961

FIG. 2 VENETIAN BLIND ASSEMBLY (Fixed type Wooden slats)

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FIG. 3 METHODS OF FIXING VENETIAN BLINDS

IS : 1826 - 1961

Fig. 4A to 4F FIG. 4 TYPICAL ILLUSTRATION OF COMPONENTS OF VENETIAN BLINDS Contd

10

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FIG. 4 TYPICAL ILLUSTRATION OF COMPONENTS OF VENETIAN BLINDS 11

IS : 1826 - 1961

12 FIG. 5 MULTI-LIFT VENETIAN BLINDS

Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of BIS Catalogue and Standards : Monthly Additions. This Indian Standard has been developed by Sectional Committee : BDC 11 Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Amd. No. 1 Date of Issue May 1969

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