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Table of contents
1. Introduction 2. 2.1 2.3 3. 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 Commercial forms Dissolving the dyes Exhaust process Technical factors inuencing dyeing Addition of salt Addition of alkali Works water 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10
General information2
2.2 Pretreatment
3.1.4 Antifoams 3.1.5 Lubricants 3.1.6 3.1.7 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3.1 3.3.3.2 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.4 3.3.3.5 3.3.3.6 3.3.3.7 3.3.4.1 Leveling agents Liquor ratio Sampling and shading Rinsing and soaping Cationic after-treatment Stripping methods and effects Dyeing processes Dye selection Amounts of salt and alkali Process at 40/60 C Isothermal process at 60 C Migration process at 80/60 C Jig process Pad jig process Garment Dyeing Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes SWIFT process
3.2 After-treatment
3.3.3 Cellulose
Textile Chemicals
1. Introduction
The Drimaren K dyes are recommended for dyeing all types of cellulosic bers by the exhaust process.
2. General information
2.1 Commercial forms
The Drimaren K dyes are available in one or more of the following
On the basis of their reactivity the Drimaren K dyes are classied as warm dyeing reactive dyes. Depending on the type and amount of alkali applied the complete dye/ber reaction takes place optimally at 60 C. In this temperature region the Drimaren K dyes are distinguished by good penetration and migration behavior. Their combinability is excellent by virtue of their balanced dyeing and xation properties. Phthalocyanine dyes, Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL are the exceptions. An isothermal method at 80 C is recommended. The alkali and salt requirements remain the same. The Drimaren K dyes can be applied by the exhaust method in all
commercial forms:
2.2 Pretreatment
Optimum pretreatment of the substrate is one of the most important fundamentals for obtaining perfect dyeing results with regard to levelness and appearance of the fabric, etc. A neutral reaction of the substrate to be dyed is necessary, which means that care must be taken to eliminate acid, alkali and peroxide residues.
the usual dyeing machines such as jets, winches, jigs, package, beam, garment and yarn dyeing machines. The dyeing process and metering of the dye bath auxiliaries depends on the:
Type and form of the substrate Type of machine, machine capacity, dye and shade depth Economic considerations
Complete dye range including turquoise, green and violet Suitable for all exhaust and continuous dyeing procedures High reliability in all application processes Very good reproducibility High light fast trichromy for difcult pale to medium shades High xation values Good washing off properties Electronic shade card available High stability of the dye-cellulosic ber bond and good fastness level Available as non-dusting, cold dissolving granules (CDG) Recommended for sensitive blends such as CO/WO
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Before adding dissolved dyes to the feed tank the dye liquor should be passed through a lter to ensure that any non-dissolved dye or contamination is held back. Unlevelness and/or spots and possible damage to the pumps can be avoided in this way. Cold water should then be used to adjust the dye liquor to the required volume.
amounts of alkali are shown in this shade card text under 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali. The electronic shade card for Drimaren dyes is available for calculating the optimum amount of alkali required.
3. Exhaust process
3.1 Technical factors inuencing dyeing 3.1.1 Addition of salt
The recommended amounts of common or Glaubers salt are shown in this shade card text under 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali. The electronic shade card for Drimaren dyes is available for calculating the optimum amount of salt required. As a rule the salt is added at the beginning so as to achieve shorter processing times. In critical cases the risk of unlevelness can be avoided by adding the dye rst, before dosing the salt. This is particularly recommended for high substantivity Drimaren dyes which are sensitive to electrolytes and for dyeing regenerated cellulose and mercerized cotton. Depending on its origin, salt may contain large amounts of impurities which have a negative effect on the dyeing. Softening with a sequestering agent may not be sufcient to remove all the impurities and this may lead to a loss of color yield and precipitations. In such cases a better quality of salt should be used.
If only hard water is available it is advisable to add a sequestering agent such as Ladiquest 2005 liq c
3.1.4 Antifoams
Undesired foaming may occur, which can have a negative effect on the levelness. The type of dyeing machine, in particular those running at high speed and with high turbulence, can inuence the amount of foam generated. The dyes and dyeing chemicals used or residual detergents from the pretreatment also have an inuence on foaming. This problem can be avoided by slowly adding 0.10.5 g/l Antimussol SFE liq (silicone-free) in the pre-diluted form.
3.1.5 Lubricants
When treating sensitive piece goods in rope form, especially in
short liquor machines or machines with high friction, where the goods are subjected to high speed and compression, creasing and abrasion may occur. An addition of 0.51 g/l Imacol C3G liq to prevent ber-ber and ber-metal friction is advisable in such cases.
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Working method
If possible, the rinsing process should be carried out with soft warm and then hot water. If only hard water is available, add 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq. conc. or Ladipur RSK/R3C liq. to the rinsing bath. To improve washing off efciency, the soaping stage should contain 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c or Ladipur RSK/R3C liq
These are general guidelines. The following parameters can have a negative effect on the washing off behavior of reactive dyes:
The substantivity of the hydrolyzed dye High amounts of salt remaining from dyeing dark shades Hard water used for rinsing and soaping
If any of the above factors are present then the number of rinsing baths must be increased and/or an additional soaping process carried out to ensure the required fastness level is achieved.
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2. 10 ml/l Caustic soda 36 B, 5 g/l Sodium hydrosulte, heat within 15 min from 60 C to 90 C, 60 min at 90 C, rinse warm and cold Arostit BLN p, Heat within 15 min from 60 C to 90 C, 60 min at 90 C, rinse warm and cold 3. 5 g/l
20 min at 40 C A cationic after-treatment can result in a change of shade and a reduction in the light fastness (the best results are achieved with Optix RSL liq).
The stripping methods can also be combined as follows: 4. 5. First Method 1, without sodium bisulte treatment, then Method 2 First Method 2 then Method 1
or oxidation depending on the desired effect. Using the methods described below, dyeings can be partially or completely stripped. Dyeings at 1/1 standard depth (SD), at 1/3 SD for the turquoise and brilliant green dyes and additionally 3/1 SD for navy dyes, were prepared on bleached cotton interlock. The stripping effects attainable by each method were assessed. To avoid catalytic ber damage when stripping faulty dyeings with metal complex dyes it is advisable to add a sequestering agent such as Sirrix AK liq to the stripping bath.
For highest reproducibility in pale to medium shades requiring high light fastness:
Stripping methods
1. 3 g/l Available chlorine (sodium hypochlorite), pH 1011 with caustic soda, 60 min at 25 C, Antichlor treatment with 1 g/l sodium bisulte, 10 min at 30 C, rinse cold
Standard selection to meet the highest fastness and reproducibility demands in medium to dark shades:
Drimaren Yellow K-2R Drimaren Red K-4BL Drimaren Red K-8B Drimaren Blue K-2RL Drimaren Navy K-BNN
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If a dye is applied at a particularly low concentration it can be replaced by the corresponding lightfast element to improve the light fastness properties. Special elements for bright yellow, blue, green and turquoise shades:
Drimaren Yellow K-4G Drimaren Turquoise K-2B Drimaren Blue K-RB Drimaren Green HF-5BL
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Glaubers salt is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
AB
Dye bath additions The electrolyte and alkali amounts given for Drimaren K in tables 3.3.2 can be used for Drimaren Green HF-5BL.
A= x
g/l Salt
0.51 g/l Imacol C3G liq 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c 0.53 g/l Humectol C liq hc % Drimaren K dye (linear metering) g/l Alkali (progressive metering)
B = y C = z
The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.
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AB
Dye bath additions A= x g/l Salt 0.51 g/l Imacol C3G liq 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c 0.53 g/l Humectol C liq hc
AB
Dye bath additions A= x g/l Salt 0.51 g/l Imacol C3G liq 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c 0.53 g/l Humectol C liq hc 3 g/l Revatol NS liq c % Drimaren K dye (linear metering) g/l Alkali (progressive metering)
B= y C = z
The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.
B= y C = z
The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.
Textile Chemicals
Jig bath:
0.53 g/l Leonil EHC liq c 50100 ml/l Pad liquor y g/l Salt 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c 0.53 g/l Humectol C liq hc z g/l Soda ash
Fixation: The number of ends depends on the depth of shade, but Dye bath additions x % Drimaren K dye
should correspond to 3060 min. The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.
0.5-1 g/l Imacol C3G liq 0.5-3 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c
1. end amount dye + dyeing auxiliarys 6. end amount salt 2. end amount dye + dyeing auxiliarys 7. end amount alkali 3. end amount salt 4. end amount salt 5. end amount salt should correspond to 3060 min. The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL.
8. end amount alkali 9. end amount alkali 10. end amount alkali The dyeing of ready made-up articles of knit or woven fabric is an alternative to conventional piece dyeing. The entire range of shades can be covered with the Drimaren K dyes. Thanks to the simple dyeing method and their good washing off properties the Drimaren K dyes are highly recommended for dyeing garments. To ensure good penetration of thick seams and heavy articles, the migration process at 80/60 C is recommended. The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card.
The Isothermal process at 80C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL. The hot dyeing Drimaren X/XN dyes are particularly
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For knitted and woven fabrics, yarn and loose stock material
Isothermal process at 80C for phthalocyanine dyes
C 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
C 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285
AB
0.51 g/l Imacol C3G liq 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c 0.53 g/l Humectol C liq hc
g/l Revatol NS liq c % Drimaren dye (linear metering) g/l Alkali (progressive metering)
B= y C = z
Glaubers salt is recommended. The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or in the electronic shade card. When Drimagen E3R liq is applied it is necessary to increase the
AB
DE F
% Eganal PS liq g/l Imacol MPE liq g/l Opticid PSD liq c
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% Imerol JSF liq % Sirrix SB liq % H2O2 35% % NaOH 36 B % Bactosol SAP liq % Imacol MPE liq
1st bath Dye bath additions A= x g/l Salt 0.51 g/l Imacol C3G liq 0.53 g/l Ladiquest 2005 liq c 0.53 g/l Humectol C liq hc % Drimaren K dye (linear metering) g/l Alkali (progressive metering)
B= y C = z
The amount of salt and alkali used should be according to the information given in section 3.3.2 Amounts of salt and alkali or
3.3.5 Cellulose/Polyamide
2 bath dyeing process for cellulose/polyamide blends For knitted and woven fabrics, yarn and loose stock material
Dyeing process
C 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
in the electronic shade card. The Isothermal process at 80 C for phthalocyanine dyes, described in section 3.3.3.7, is recommended for Drimaren Turquoise K-2B and Drimaren Green HF-5BL. 2nd bath Dye bath additions D = 1.02.0 g/l sodium acetate cryst 0.52.0 % Lyogen CN liq 0.53.0 % Lyogen NH liq x % Nylosan/Lanasyn dye % acetic acid to pH 4.55.0
E = y
After-treatment of the polyamide dyeing: The recommendations for the after-treatment of polyamide dyeings can be found in the polyamide shade card.
AB C DE
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