Appendix V

General Linear Models

MANCOVA and ANCOVA for reasons to expatriate by age
Between-Subjects Factors
Value Label

.00

young

64

1.00

old

59

age_split_dummy

Descriptive Statistics
age_split_dummy

Life_change_escape

Financial_Incentive

Travel_Adventure

Career_reasons

Box's Test of Equality

of Covariance
Matricesa
Box's M
F

4.622
.446

df1

10

df2

68929.634

Sig.

.924

Mean

Std. Deviation

young

3.8047

1.65380

64

old

4.6864

1.50831

59

Total

4.2276

1.63999

123

young

4.5208

1.33052

64

old

4.5480

1.48783

59

Total

4.5339

1.40240

123

young

6.2109

.83002

64

old

6.0381

.75260

59

Total

6.1280

.79533

123

young

5.9727

.79821

64

old

5.7966

.83107

59

Total

5.8882

.81558

123

Tests the null hypothesis

that the observed
covariance matrices of
the dependent variables
are equal across groups.
a. Design: Intercept +
marital_status_dummy +
position_dummy +
young_old_dummy

Multivariate Tests
Effect

Value

Hypothesis

Error df

Sig.

df
Pillai's Trace

Wilks' Lambda

.989

2636.058

Partial Eta
Squared

4.000 116.000

.000

.989

4.000 116.000

.000

.989

4.000 116.000

.000

.989

4.000 116.000

.000

.989

4.000 116.000

.024

.092

4.000 116.000

.024

.092

4.000 116.000

.024

.092

.101

2.929

4.000 116.000

.024

.092

.049

1.496b

4.000 116.000

.208

.049

.951

4.000 116.000

.208

.049

4.000 116.000

.208

.049

4.000 116.000

.208

.049

4.000 116.000

.006

.117

4.000 116.000

.006

.117

4.000 116.000

.006

.117

4.000 116.000

.006

.117

.011

2636.058
b

Intercept
Hotelling's Trace
Roy's Largest

90.899

90.899

marital_status_dum
my

Wilks' Lambda
Hotelling's Trace
Roy's Largest

2636.058
b

Root
Pillai's Trace

2636.058

.092
.908
.101

2.929
2.929
2.929

Root
Pillai's Trace
Wilks' Lambda
position_dummy

Hotelling's Trace
Roy's Largest

.052

1.496
1.496

.052

1.496

Pillai's Trace

.117

3.846

Wilks' Lambda

.883

3.846

Root

young_old_dummy

Hotelling's Trace

.133

3.846

Roy's Largest

.133

3.846

Root
a. Design: Intercept + marital_status_dummy + position_dummy + young_old_dummy
b. Exact statistic

Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances

F

df1

df2

Sig.

Life_change_escape

.494

121

.483

Financial_Incentive

.532

121

.467

Travel_Adventure

.837

121

.362

Career_reasons

.469

121

.495

Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable
is equal across groups.
a. Design: Intercept + marital_status_dummy + position_dummy +
young_old_dummy

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source

Dependent Variable

Type III Sum

df

Mean

of Squares

Sig.

Square

Partial Eta
Squared

8.230

3.228

.025

.075

6.146

3.302

.023

.077

.330

.515

.673

.013

1.618

2.523

.061

.060

1902.804

1902.804

746.231

.000

.862

Financial_Incentive

1991.719

1991.719

1070.029

.000

.900

Travel_Adventure

3918.754

3918.754

6121.308

.000

.981

Career_reasons

3623.393

3623.393

5651.380

.000

.979

.009

.009

.003

.953

.000

4.122

4.122

2.214

.139

.018

.011

.011

.017

.895

.000

3.032

3.032

4.728

.032

.038

.553

.553

.217

.642

.002

5.420

5.420

2.912

.091

.024

.027

.027

.043

.836

.000

2.750

2.750

4.290

.041

.035

23.298

23.298

9.137

.003

.071

1.321

1.321

.710

.401

.006

Travel_Adventure

.685

.685

1.069

.303

.009

Career_reasons

.451

.451

.703

.403

.006

303.437

119

2.550

221.503

119

1.861

Travel_Adventure

76.182

119

.640

Career_reasons

76.297

119

.641

2526.500

123

Financial_Incentive

2768.333

123

Travel_Adventure

4696.188

123

Career_reasons

4345.688

123

Life_change_escap

24.689

e
Corrected Model

Financial_Incentive
Travel_Adventure
Career_reasons
Life_change_escap

18.439

.989
4.853

e
Intercept

Life_change_escap
e
marital_status_dumm
Financial_Incentive
y
Travel_Adventure
Career_reasons
Life_change_escap
e
position_dummy

Financial_Incentive
Travel_Adventure
Career_reasons
Life_change_escap
e

young_old_dummy

Financial_Incentive

Life_change_escap
e
Error

Financial_Incentive

Life_change_escap
e
Total

Life_change_escap

328.126

122

239.942

122

Travel_Adventure

77.171

122

Career_reasons

81.150

122

e
Financial_Incentive

Corrected Total

a. R Squared = .075 (Adjusted R Squared = .052)

b. R Squared = .077 (Adjusted R Squared = .054)
c. R Squared = .013 (Adjusted R Squared = -.012)
d. R Squared = .060 (Adjusted R Squared = .036)

MANCOVA and ANCOVA for reasons to expatriate by gender

Between-Subjects Factors
Value Label

.00

male

61

1.00

female

62

gender_dummy

Descriptive Statistics
gender_dummy

Life_change_escape

Financial_Incentive

Travel_Adventure

Career_reasons

Mean

Std. Deviation

male

4.3361

1.54844

61

female

4.1210

1.73131

62

Total

4.2276

1.63999

123

male

4.7978

1.27407

61

female

4.2742

1.48278

62

Total

4.5339

1.40240

123

male

5.9713

.91980

61

female

6.2823

.61983

62

Total

6.1280

.79533

123

male

6.0369

.82138

61

female

5.7419

.78923

62

Total

5.8882

.81558

123

Box's Test of Equality

of Covariance
Matricesa
Box's M

12.491

1.205

df1

10

df2

69953.610

Sig.

.282

Tests the null hypothesis

that the observed
covariance matrices of
the dependent variables
are equal across groups.
a. Design: Intercept +
marital_status_dummy +
position_dummy +
Time_current_employer
+ Age + gender_dummy

Multivariate Tests
Effect

Value

Hypothesis

Error df

Sig.

df
.849

160.385

Partial Eta

Noncent.

Observed

Squared

Parameter

Power

4.000

114.000

.000

.849

641.539

1.000

4.000

114.000

.000

.849

641.539

1.000

4.000

114.000

.000

.849

641.539

1.000

4.000

114.000

.000

.849

641.539

1.000

4.000

114.000

.078

.070

8.641

.622

4.000

114.000

.078

.070

8.641

.622

4.000

114.000

.078

.070

8.641

.622

4.000

114.000

.078

.070

8.641

.622

4.000

114.000

.120

.062

7.495

.553

Pillai's Trace

.151

160.385

Wilks' Lambda

Intercept
5.628

160.385

Hotelling's Trace

Roy's Largest

5.628

160.385
b

Root
Pillai's Trace
Wilks' Lambda

.070
.930

marital_status_dum
Hotelling's Trace

.076

my
Roy's Largest

2.160
2.160
2.160

.076

2.160

.062

1.874

Root
position_dummy

Pillai's Trace

Wilks' Lambda

.938

Hotelling's Trace
Roy's Largest

.066

4.000

114.000

.120

.062

7.495

.553

4.000

114.000

.120

.062

7.495

.553

4.000

114.000

.120

.062

7.495

.553

4.000

114.000

.782

.015

1.747

.149

4.000

114.000

.782

.015

1.747

.149

4.000

114.000

.782

.015

1.747

.149

4.000

114.000

.782

.015

1.747

.149

4.000

114.000

.327

.039

4.685

.358

4.000

114.000

.327

.039

4.685

.358

4.000

114.000

.327

.039

4.685

.358

4.000

114.000

.327

.039

4.685

.358

4.000

114.000

.025

.092

11.605

.768

4.000

114.000

.025

.092

11.605

.768

4.000

114.000

.025

.092

11.605

.768

4.000

114.000

.025

.092

11.605

.768

1.874
1.874

.066

1.874

.015

.437

Root
Pillai's Trace
Wilks' Lambda

.985

.437

Time_current_emplo
Hotelling's Trace

.015

.437

yer
Roy's Largest

.015

.437

.039

1.171

Root
Pillai's Trace
Wilks' Lambda
Age

.961

Hotelling's Trace
Roy's Largest

.041

1.171
1.171

.041

1.171

Pillai's Trace

.092

2.901

Wilks' Lambda

.908

2.901

Root

gender_dummy

Hotelling's Trace

.102

2.901

Roy's Largest

.102

2.901

Root
a. Design: Intercept + marital_status_dummy + position_dummy + Time_current_employer + Age + gender_dummy
b. Exact statistic
c. Computed using alpha = .05

Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa

F

df1

df2

Sig.

Life_change_escape

1.259

121

.264

Financial_Incentive

1.405

121

.238

Travel_Adventure

4.878

121

.029

.031

121

.861

Career_reasons

Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable
is equal across groups.
a. Design: Intercept + marital_status_dummy + position_dummy +
Time_current_employer + Age + gender_dummy

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source

Dependent Variable

Type III Sum

df

Mean

of Squares

Sig.

Square

Partial Eta

Noncent.

Observed

Squared

Parameter

Power

Life_change_escape

10.467

2.093

.771

.572

.032

3.855

.269

Financial_Incentive

26.953

5.391

2.961

.015

.112

14.806

.842

.683

1.084

.373

.044

5.418

.375

Corrected Model
Travel_Adventure

3.416

Career_reasons

9.138

1.828

2.969

.015

.113

14.846

.843

Life_change_escape

58.951

58.951

21.713

.000

.157

21.713

.996

Financial_Incentive

118.317

118.317

64.995

.000

.357

64.995

1.000

Travel_Adventure

233.229

233.229

369.978

.000

.760

369.978

1.000

Career_reasons

237.352

237.352

385.628

.000

.767

385.628

1.000

1.594E-006

1.594E-006

.000

.999

.000

.000

.050

1.032

1.032

.567

.453

.005

.567

.116

.002

.002

.004

.950

.000

.004

.050

3.224

3.224

5.238

.024

.043

5.238

.622

.656

.656

.242

.624

.002

.242

.078

6.091

6.091

3.346

.070

.028

3.346

.442

.039

.039

.061

.805

.001

.061

.057

3.506

3.506

5.696

.019

.046

5.696

.658

.753

.753

.277

.599

.002

.277

.082

2.990

2.990

1.643

.202

.014

1.643

.246

Intercept

Life_change_escape
Financial_Incentive
marital_status_dummy
Travel_Adventure
Career_reasons
Life_change_escape
Financial_Incentive
position_dummy
Travel_Adventure
Career_reasons
Life_change_escape
Time_current_employe

Financial_Incentive

Travel_Adventure

.054

.054

.085

.771

.001

.085

.060

Career_reasons

.212

.212

.344

.559

.003

.344

.090

5.233

5.233

1.927

.168

.016

1.927

.280

Financial_Incentive

.315

.315

.173

.678

.001

.173

.070

Travel_Adventure

.137

.137

.217

.642

.002

.217

.075

Career_reasons

1.373

1.373

2.230

.138

.019

2.230

.316

Life_change_escape

1.715

1.715

.631

.428

.005

.631

.124

Financial_Incentive

5.763

5.763

3.166

.078

.026

3.166

.423

Travel_Adventure

2.887

2.887

4.579

.034

.038

4.579

.565

Career_reasons

2.631

2.631

4.275

.041

.035

4.275

.536

Life_change_escape

317.659

117

2.715

Financial_Incentive

212.989

117

1.820

Travel_Adventure

73.755

117

.630

Career_reasons

72.013

117

.615

Life_change_escape

2526.500

123

Financial_Incentive

2768.333

123

Travel_Adventure

4696.188

123

Career_reasons

4345.688

123

Life_change_escape

Age

gender_dummy

Error

Total

Life_change_escape

328.126

122

Financial_Incentive

239.942

122

Travel_Adventure

77.171

122

Career_reasons

81.150

122

Corrected Total

a. R Squared = .032 (Adjusted R Squared = -.009)

b. R Squared = .112 (Adjusted R Squared = .074)
c. R Squared = .044 (Adjusted R Squared = .003)
d. R Squared = .113 (Adjusted R Squared = .075)
e. Computed using alpha = .05