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SECTION A Attempt ALL questions. You MUST write in this answer booklet. You must NOT spend more than 30 minutes on this section. 1. The apparatusshown in Figure I can be usedto determinethe accelerationdue to gravity.

P"yrz

Electromagnet

Figure I As the electromagnet is turned off, the electric timer starts and the ball drops. When the ball hits the metal plate the timer stops. The ball falls through a distance of 65.0 cm before hitting the metal plate. The ball was dropped four times and the times were recorded as follows: T im e t o fa l l = 0 .3 6 1 s ; 0 .3 8 3 s : 0 .3 74 s: 0.365 s. (a) Determine the average of these results and write down the value of the time that should be used in calculations. Include an estimate of the uncertainty in this value.

[3 marks]

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-5-

(b)

Find the value for the acceleration due to gravity from this experiment.

[3 marks] (c) Distinguishbetween'systematic'and 'randomerrors'.

[2 marks]
(d) How might random errors be,reduced in this case?

[1 mark ] (e) Identify oNE sourceof a systematicerror in this experiment.

[1 mark I Total 10 marks

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-6L 2. by the An oscillating system has a period, Z, which is related to the length, /, of the suspension equation T = aln, where a and n are constants. Table I shows the time periods obtained as the length was changed.

llmm Tls

231
0.94

292 1.06
Thble 1

4ll

515 1.42

859 1.86 ) )

r.27

(a)

Plot a suitable graph using the axes on page 7 to allow you to determine the values of a and n.

) )

,, I [4 marks]
(b) Use the graph to find the value of n.

I I

[2 marks]
(c) Use your value of n to find a.

[2 marks]
(d) Suggest an accuratemeans of determining the time period, Z.

[2 marks] Total 10 marks

-0

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00

-1-

to*,J x l0-r 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 )', 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

o,
-0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8
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002472/CAPL,20Q3

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3.

The graph on page 9 shows the variation of temperaturewith time for I .l kg of water heated in a kettle.

(a)

Explain why the graphfor the first 275 s is Nor a straightline.

[2 marksl
(b) The power of the heatingelement in the kettle is 1.6 kW. If the heatlossesare ignored, what value would the data give for the specific heatcapacityof water.

i
I

[3 marks] (c) The accepted value for the specific heat capacity of water is 4 200 J kg-t K-1. Suggest TWO ways of improving the accuracy of the value determined in (b) above.

[2 marks] (d) Describe how the specific latent heat of vaporization could be determined using this same apparatus.

[3 marks] Total 10 marks

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2003 002472/CAPE

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Temp/

oC

Temperature / time graph for water being heated .:....:.

100
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SECTION B You must attempt THREE questions from this section. Choose ONE question EACH from Module 1, 2 and 3. You MUST write your answersin the answer booklet provided. MODULE I Answer EITHER Question 4 OR euestion 5. 4. (a) Derive the equation for circularmotion,a = roP, where a is the centripetal acceleration, ar is the angular velocity and r the radius of the circle. [ 4 marks]
(i) (ii) State Newton's law of universal gravitation. The Moon orbits the Earth in a circle of radius 400 000 km. Considering only these two objects, state what force or forces act on the Moon and explain how N e w to n ' s th i rd l a w o f moti on appl i esto the system. Find the time for ONE complete revolution of the Moon about the Earth. [10 marks]

(b)

(iii)

(c)

Figure 2 shows a small 50 g mass moving on the end of a string in a horizontal circle of radius 0.20 m. The string is at an angle of 38.3" with its support. The time for one revolution is 0.8 s.

5og

+--

0.20 m-->
\ \ \

Figure 2 (i) (ii) Calculatethe angularvelocity,(o, and centripetalacceleration of the mass. Find the centripetal force acting on the massand the tensionin the string. [ 6 marks] Total 20 marks

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2003 002472/CAPE

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5.

(a)

(i)

Whatis a) b) kinetic energy? potentialenergy?

(ii)

A body of massrn startsfrom rest and acquiresa velocity,v. Show that the kineticenergyof the mass, m, is given by E* - | mvz. a) What energychangetakes place when a ball bearingis falling at its
terminal velociW? b) What causes this energy change to take place?

(iii)

[8 marks]

(b)

The graph in Figure 3 shows the variation of the net force, F, acting on a box as it moves a distance,x, along the ground in a straight line.

Figure 3 (i) How is the force on the ball different when its value is a) b) (ii) (iii) +4 N? -4N?

Find the work done on the box during the first 5 m of movement. Find the kinetic energyof the box after it has moved 8 metres. [6 marks]

(c)

(i)

Calculatethe speed at which any object will reach the ground after being released from rest from a height of l1 000 m . (Air resistance may be neglected in this calculation). An aeroplane of rnass170 x 103kg cruisesat 900 km hr -r 1250m s-r). The maximumpermittedlanding speedis 180 km hr -t (50 m s-r). Determinethe kinetic energythat must be 'lost'before landing. [6 marks] Total 20 marks

(ii)

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2001 002472/CAPE

-12MODULE 2 AnswerEITHER Question 6 OR euestion7.

6.
(a)

A sound wave is a longitudinal wave and a particular note has a frequency of 500 Hz and travels a speed of 340 m s-I. (i) (ii) Define the terms 'longitudal wave' and 'frequency'. Sketch and label graphs to represent a) b) (iii) displacement against position displacement against time, for the wave above.

For EACH graph drawn in (a) (ii) insert the scale on the horizontal axis. [5 marks] E x p l a i n th e te rm s ' i n t ensi ty of sound' and ' threshol d of heari ng' . S tate the intensity level, in dB, for the threshold of hearing. Consider the information in Table 2 below.

(b)

(i )

(ii)

Sound

Intensity (Wm-z;

Intensitv Level (dB) 160

Rupture of eardrum Jet engine

104 10 I
l0-6
l0-10

130 t20 60 20

Thresholdof pain Conversation Whisper

Thble 2 a) b) Deducethe intensityof the soundfrom a motor-bikewherethe intensity Ievelis 80 dB. A person'searcollectssoundfrom an effectiveareaof 0.4 cm2. What is the power incident on the ear at the thresholdof hearing? [8 marks]

(c) r# -T ;rit :#:1cf":'"i::*:jt : fl::T;:ttdli+1i rffi ru

[4 marks] (d) The fundamental frequency,fo, of a vibrating, stretched string is given by fo = +^[ # , where/ is the lengthof the string, Z is the tensionin the string andm is the massper unit length. For a string of mass 1.6 x l0-3 kg and length 0.80 m find its fundamental frequencywhen a massof I kg is hung from its end. [3 marks] Total 20 marks 002472/CAPE 2003 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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7.

(a)

(i)

to observeinterferenceof light using TWO sources Statethe conditions necessary of light. Describe a demonstration of Young's double slit inference. State the formula for the fringe spacing and state the meaning of EACH of the terms used. [8 marks]

(ii) (iii)

(b)

Young's fringes were formed using monochromatic light and two slits with a separation of 0.55 Irun . Twelve fringes occupying a distance of t6 mm were observed on a screen 1.3 m away. (i) (ii) Calculate the wavelength of the light used and state its colour. State whether or not there would be a bright or dark fringe at the centre of the pattern and explain your answer. Describe what would be seen if ONE slit were to be covered by an opaque material. , Describe the effect of replacing the monochromatic light source with one of white light when using BOTH slits. What would be the effect on the fringes of gradually increasing the width of the single source slit? [12 marks]

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

Total 20 marks

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MODULE 3 Answer EITHER Question 8 OR Question 9. 8. (a) (i)

a) b)

StateTHREE assumptions made in the kinetic rheory of gases. Explain how the kinetic theory is used to explain the pressure in a gas.

(ii)

Three moleculeshave speeds of v, 4v and 8v. What is their meanspeedand root meansquare(r.m.s-) speed? [8 marks]

(b)

Thetemperatureof 3.0molof Oxygelisinceasedfrom 2TOKto320Kwhileitspressure is kept at constant pressure of 5 x td pa. C a l c u l a teth e (i) (ii) (iii) thermal energy supplied to the gas change in volume of the gas work done by the gas as it expands.

; |

(c)

The same gas is now heated from 27O K to 320 K at a constant volume. (i) (ii) What is the increase in internal energy? Find the molar heat capacity at constant volume for oxygen. (Molar heat capacity at constantpressure - 29 J mol-l K-l) [12 marks] Total 20 marks

002472/CAPE 2003

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_l5 9. Define the following terms:

a)

(a)

(i)

Densiry Pressure

b)
(ii)

Derive the equation AP = pgAh where AP is the change in pressure in a liquid, g is the acceleration due to gravity and Ah is the change in depth in a liquid. Explain how coastal winds are generatedin the Caribbean. [8 marks]

(iii)

(b)

Gases have densities of the order of I kg m-3 to 2 kg m-r while solids have densities of the order of 2 000 kg m-r tol0 000 kg m-:. Use the kinetic theory of matter to explain the difference in the order of the size of these densities. [2 marks] Figure 4 shows a rectangular beaker of cross-sectional area 140 cm2. It contains a liquid, L, of densiry 8.2 x 102 kg cm-3.

(c)

140cm

l^

3.0 cm
Al

l"
Figure 4

Br

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Calculate the pressure due to Liquid L at depths of 3.0 cm and 14.0 cm. Find the net force acting on the Liquid L between planes AA, and BB,. Determine the weight of liquid between the planes AA, and BB, . What is the upthrust on an object which when placed in the Liquid L, caused the liquid level to rise from BB, to AAr? [10 marks]

Total 20 marks

END OF TEST

002472/CAPE 2003