TEST CODE 00247 5

FORIVI TP 22248

MAY/JUNE2OO2

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION PHYSICS UNIT 02 - Paper 02 2 hours15minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

l. 2.

This paperconsistsof NINE questions. Section A consistsof THREE questions. Candidates must attemptALL questionsin this section.Answersfor this sectionmust be written in this answer booklet. Section B consistsof SIX questions. Candidatesmust attemptTHREE questionsin this section,ONE questionfrom EACH Module. Answers for this section must be written in the answerbooklet provided. All working MUST be CLEARLY shown. The use of non-programmable calculatorsis permitted.

3.

4. 5.

Copyright@ 2002Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved.

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NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

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3LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Speedof light in free space Permeability of free space Permittivity of free space Elementary charge The Planck constant Unified atomic massconstant Rest massof electron Rest mass of proton Accelerationof free fall I Atmosphere Avogadro'snumber

c l-to to e h
LI

3 . 0 0 xl 0 8 m s - l 4n x l0-7Hm-t 8 . 8 5x l 0 - r 2 F m - r 1.60 x l 0 - r eC 6.63x 10-34 Js | .66x 10-27 kg 9.11x 10-3rkg | .67x 10-27 kg 9 . 8 1m s - 2 1.00x105Nm-z 6.02x 1023 per mole

lfle

tftp

I Atm Na

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SECTIONA Attempt ALL questions.You MUST write in this answerbooklet. You must NOT spendmore thar 30 minutes on this section.

1.

(a)

wantsto measure A student the internal resistance, 4 andthe e.m.f.,E, of a cell. Shehas the cell, an ammeter, available a voltmeteranda variable resistor.
Draw a circuit to show how the student could connectthe circuit to measure the internal and e.m.f. of the cell. resistance

[2 marks]

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1.

(b)

An expression relatingthe measured potential difference,V, the internal resistance, r, the e.m.f. of the cell and the current,./,through the cell is given by V - E - Ir. From the data collected,the studentplotted a graph of voltmeter reading againstcurrent through the cell. The following graph shown in Figure I was obtained. 7 6 )
4
.:.....i ...'

: . . i (

i:o::
:::.:.::o:i::: i i o
O i :

E > g--

- q ) d L

r.E
2

.E 3
.q?

I 0 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

r.2

t.4

Current/I Figure 1 (i) (ii) Draw the BEST straightline through the points. From the graph,deducethe following: a) The value of the internal resistance [1 mark ]

[2 marks]
b) The e.m.f. of the cell

[1 mark ]

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1.

(iii)

Hence, calculate the current through the circuit and the potential difference acrossthe terminals of the cell when it is connectedto a 3C) resistor.

[3 marks] (iv) What instrument would you use instead of the voltmeter to obtain MORE accurate voltage readings?

[1 mark 1 Total 10 marks 2. (a) A professorasks one of his studentsto design a circuit to give full wave-rectification usingfour diodes. (i) Draw a circuit to show how the studentmay design such a circuit using four diodes.

[4 marks] (ii) How canthe student modify this circuitto givehalf-wave rectification.

[2 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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2.

(b)

Another studenthad available two diodes, two similar power supplies and a resistor and designeda circuit as shown in Figure 2.

4.,

T
= d
^,, to C.R.O D2

Figure 2
(i) Briefly describewhat happensto D, and D, as I cycle of voltageV, is applieci to the circuit.

[2 marks]

(ii)

Sketch the waveform you would expectto seeon the cathoderay oscilloscope (c.r.o).

I mark ]
(iii) Compare the output waveforms from 2. (a) (i) and 2. (b) (i).

[1 mark Total 10 marks

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3.

(a)

In an experiment to measure the work function of a metal, using the Photoelectric effect, the following set up shown in Figure 3 was used. The sourceemits light of wavelength 500 nm and intensiry 1.0 pW cm-Z.

-zPhotocell

0.s v
Figure 3 TableI showsthedatacollected.
Potential Difference, V/Volts Current, I xl0-loamps

-0.40 4.34 4.23 4.r2 0.0 0.11 0.22 0.33 0.46

Iable I (i)

0.2 0.5 1.5 3.0 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7

Use the graph page on page 8 to plot a graph of current versusvoltage for the metal. [3 marks] From the graph record the stopping potential for the metal.

(ii)

[1 mark 1

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(c)

A wire loop of radius20 cm hasa resistance of 2.0 A. The loop is at right angles to a uniformmagnetic field asshownin Figure6. Themagnetic field strengthis increasing at therateof 0.10T s-1.

X X X X

x x/x
X X X

X X X X

Figure 6
Calculate the (i) (ii) (d) inducede.m.f. in the loop induced current in the loop.

[5 marks]

The magnetic field is now set at a constant value, B, and the coil is rotated at 10 rev s-1. The plane of the coil is parallel to the direction of the field strength,B. A voltmeterconnectedto the coil throughrotatingcontacts readsa peak value of 13.0mV. Find the magnetic field strength,B. [4 marks]

Total 20 marks

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5.

(a)

(i)

Derive an expression for the equivalent resistance of THREE resistorsin parallel. Distinguish between theelectromotive forceof a cell and the terminalpotential
differenceacrossacell. [ Smarks]

(ii)

(b)

For sensitive manual control of the current in a circuit, a parallel combination of rheostatsare used as shown in Figure 7. The full resistance of R7 is 25 times the full resistance of R7.

Figure 7 What procedureshould be usedto adjust the current,1, to a desiredvalue?

[ 3 marks]
(c)

6.00 v

6.00 v

Figure 8 (i) Figure

Figure 8 (ii)

The 6.00 V cell in the circuits shown in Figures8 (i) and 8 (ii) above has zero internal resistance. A voltmeter which was calibratedaccuratelyis connectedacrossAB and reads2.0 V. (i) (ii) (iii) Calculatethe resistance of the voltmeter. Calculatethe voltmeter readingwhen it is connectedacross A'B'. What do the resultssuggestconcerningthe use of voltmeters? [12 marks] Total 20 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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Module 2 AnsrverEITHER Question6 OR QuestionZ. 6.

(a)

(i) (ii)

State THREE idealproperties of Op-Amps. For the Op-Ampcircuit in Figure 8 show thatthe output Vp is given by Rr Rr :
Vo = -;V,..,1 R2 rY l 2'

Figure 8 (iii) Suggest a practical usefor this current. [7 marks]

(b)

(i)

Write an equationrelating the r.m.s. value and the peak value of an alternating current. A car battery-charger runs off the 120 V r.m.s. a.c. power line, and supplies l0A d.c. at 14 V. If the chargeris 80Voefficient in converting line power to d.c. power, how much current does it draw from the a.c. line? If electricily cost l6 cents/kwh, how much does it cost to run the charger for l0 hours? [7 marks]

(ii)

(iii)

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6.

(c)

Electrical power of 8 000 kW is supplied to an industrial consumer at a considerable distancefrom a generatingstation. This is represented in Figure 9.

10kV^-

,[ ftffr
Porver station

Figure 9 In order to do this, the electric supply company makes use of a circuit containing two S and T. The transformers transformers, are ideal and the supply cableshave neglible resistance.There is a potential differenceof 300 kV r.m.s.between the supply cable. at l0 kV r.m.s.and is suppliedto the consumerat 10 kV r.m.s. The power is generated Calculatethe (i) (ii) (iii) r.m.s.currentsuppliedto the consumer ratio Nr/Np for EACH transformer current in the supply cable.

[6 marks] Total 20 marks

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(a)

Figurel0 shows thegain-response curvefor an ideal operational amplifier.

10s
c) I u2 00

104 103

ao
c) a0
xv

102

l0

ro2

lo3

to4

106

( log scale)

f IHz

Figure l0
Explain the shapeof the gain-frequencycurve shown in Figure 10. (b) (i) (ii) (iii) Distinguish betweenan analoguecircuit and a digital circuit. Write rhe trurh table for the NAND gare. Determine the output waveform for the circuit shown in Figure l l if the input waveforms,A and B, are as shown.

[5 marks]

u
Figure 11 [6 marks] (c)

(i)

A lamp in a room is to be operated from two switches, one at the back door and one at the front door. The lamp is to be on if the front switch is on and the back switch is off, or if the front switch is off and the back switch is on. The lamp is to be off if both switches are off or if both switches are on. Draw a logic circuit to meet the requirements, showing the associated truth table.

(ii) (iii)

You are provided with two OR gates,oneAND gate and three IM/ERTERs. Show how you would design a half adder circuit from the given componenrs. Draw the resulting truth table for the sum and carry states.

[9 marks] Total 20 marks

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Module 3 AnswerEITHER Question8 OR Question9.

8.

(a)

(i)

The Law of radioactive decav for a radioactivesample can be written as N = Noe-It. Explain the meaningof EACH symbol in the given expression.

(ii)

Show that this expression may be written as N = No2-"'ll2whslg t17ris the half life of the sample. Explain what are isotopes. Why is carbondatingunableto provideaccurate estimates of very old materials? [8 marks]

(iii) (iv)

(b)

to thenuclide f, X in FIVE successive A nuclid.tilU decays radioactive decays. Each p-article. involves theemission decay of EITHER an cx,-particle or a Whatis thevalue of A? [6 marksl (i) An isotope of sodium,1fNu, and an isotope of potassium, fjf form a radioactivemixturewhich initially contains twice as many atoms of sodium-24 = (\n = 15hours) (t1p asit does of potassium43, 22 hours). How longwill
it take for the number of atoms of each isotopeequal?

(c)

(ii)

Sketch the decaycurves for the TWO isotopes.

[6 marks] Total 20 marks

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9.

(a)

(i) (ii)

Distinguish betweennuclearfusion and nuclearfission. Sketch a graph to show how the binding energy per nucleon varies with mass number. How can nuclear fission and fusion be explained from observing the shapeof the curve? [6 marks]

(b)

Explain what is meant by the following: (i) (ii) Mass defect Binding energy of an atomic nucleus

[2 marks]

(c)

The nitrogennucl"ur,llN, has a massof 15.9963 u. What is the binding energyper nucleonof the nucleus?

[6 marks]

(d)

Show that a uranium nucleuscan disintegrate spontaneously with the emission of an cr-parricle,according to the reacrionzSlU+zi;t Th + lUr.

(Mass ottlSTh=234.116550 rr ; Massof t;! U =238.12492 u; Massof I He= 4.003g7 u) [2 marks]

(e)

Assuming thatthe uranium-238 wasat restbefore the disintegration,calculatethe (i) (ii) totalenergy released in thedisintegration kineticenergy of thea-particle. [4 marks] Total 20 marks

END OF TEST

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