INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Pandur, Thiruvallur 6 ! "#

GE 2321 COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB

El$%&r'ni%( and %'))uni%a&i'n $n*in$$rin*

SEMESTER VI 2011 2012 (EVEN)

INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Pandur,

Thiruvallur 6 ! "#

Univ$r(i&+ R$*i(&$r N',

CERTIFICATE Certified to be bonafide record of work done by of VI Se e!ter "#E# (E$ectronic! Co %nication En&ineerin&) in t'e Co %nication Ski$$! (ab )E2*21 d%rin&

t'e acade ic year 2011 2012#

ST+,, IN C-+R)E

-E+. /, T-E .E0+RTMENT

Submitted for the University Practical Examination held on

Interna$ E1a iner

E1terna$ E1a iner

INDEEX. NO. DATE NAME OF THE EXERCISE PAGE NO. SIGN.

CAREER LAB
!. ". . 3. 4. 6. RESU/E 0RITING REPORT 0RITING INTER1IE0 S2ILLS TECHNICAL PRESENTATION NON 5 TECHNICAL PRESENTATION GROUP DISCUSSION LANGUAGE LAB 6. 7. 8. !#. ARTICLES PREPOSITION TENSES SU9:ECT 5 1ER9 AGGRE/ENT

CAREER LA9

RESU/E 0RITING

C2RRIC2(+M VIT+E
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Looking for a challenging opportunity where I can utili e my experience! knowledge and education to contribute towards the success of the pro"ects#

+C+.EMIC 0R/,I(E4 ;ear Na e of de&ree Electronics + $%%&'$%()* ,ommunication Engineering Na e of in!tit%te Indira Institute of Engineering + -echnology! Pandur'.)( $%)! -hiruvallur# ' 0ercenta&e

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=ather>s name

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Sex

<ale

1ate of birth <arital Status Permanent address

9 9 9

$@'%@'(&&$ Unmarried 5o$A!;5U<;-0;PU2;< st! thirutani'

5ationality Languages known RE,ERENCES4

9 9

Indian# -amil! English #

!. 1r# ;# Prabakaran! Principal! Indira institute of Engineering and -echnology# Phone9 %AA'$7.@%).A ". Prof# S# ;sha! 061! 1epartment of Electronics + ,ommunication Engineering Indira Institute of Engineering and -echnology# Phone9 %AA'$7.@%).A .EC(+R+TI/N I hereby declare that the information furnished above is true! correct and complete to the best of my knowledge# Bours truly!

Kama !"#.$
0$ace4 T'ir%@a$%r .ate9 (3+M+(ES-#))

REPORT 0RITING

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IN.2STRI+( VISIT A RE0/RT

,ro :;<;LES0#4 III'Bear! Elecronics and ,ommunication Engineering! IIE-! Pandur! -hiruvallur C .)( $%)# To -he 0ead of the 1epartment! 1epartment of Elecronics and ,ommunication Engineering! IIE-! Pandur! -hiruvallur C .)( $%)# Re!Bected Sir! S%b9 2eport on the visit to D16621;2S0;5 -ELE,6<<U5I,;-I65E F,0E55;IG 6ur class mates with four faculty members went for a one day industrial visit to DD16621;2S0;5 -ELE,6<<U5I,;-I65E F,0E55;IG on %@th <arch $%((# ;s planned earlier! everybody assembled in the college at /#)%am# ;fter confirming that all the .A members have come! we took college bus and left the college and reached by ($pm# -he company infra structure was Huite astonishing! the hierarchy of the company organi ation was also observed# ; team with 0#2! a pro"ect manager and two developers received us in heartily manner# =irst we were taken to ;ntenna section where a brief presentation on the visit was given# 5ext we were taken to -ransmission and 2eceiver eHuipment Station'I! the technology used in that -ransmission was overwhelming# 5ext we were taken to all departments with the instruction that we shouldn>t disturb any of the workers present there# Ie also gained knowledge about how -elecommunication has been generating# -he visit came to an end at )pm with refreshment at the cafeteria# Ie left the premises at )#)%pm# It was a visit with matter of paramount importance# Ie heartily thank our 061 for supporting and rendering our carrier# -hanking you!
Bours faithfully!

2A/ALESH.G

'

0$ace4 .ate9

(3+M+(ES-#))

INTER1IE0 S2ILLS

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INTERVIEW SKILLS

INTRODUCTION:
-here are some easy steps that you can take that will increase your chances of success at interviews# =irst! remember that "ob interviews should be a process of two'way communication# 5ot only are they a tool for employers to use to evaluate you! but they are also an opportunity for you to assess the "ob! the organi ation! and to see if there is a Jfit#J -he keys to a successful interview are preparation and practice# -he following suggestions will help you prepare for an interview9 Se$fAe@a$%ation It is important for you to think about yourself and your past experiences in order to be ready to articulate what you have to offer an employer# ,onsider the following topics9 0ow your present and past experience relate to the position Bour current and future career goals Ihat skills and expertise you have to offer -he skills that you would like to develop or improve :inds of people and environments you prefer Past experiences you want to highlight such as volunteer work! hobbies! travel

Tips Before Attending An Interview:

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(# Learn about the organi ation# $# 2efresh on your chosen sub"ect# )# 2efresh on your experience# A# Identify what you have to offer# @# ,onsider your potential as an identity# .# Practice freHuently asked Huestions# 7# :now the name of the interviewer# /# :eep your documents ready# &# Practice makes perfect# (%#<ake a trip to the side of interview place in advance# ((#2eview your resume# ($#Prepare checklist# 2esearch the ,ompany ' ; companyKs website is an excellent place to begin# It usually gives you information on whether it is international or domestic! what its revenues are! how many locations it has! and the nature of its ma"or products# <ost companies are very proud of their websites# 1onKt be surprised if one of the first Huestions interviewers ask when you arrive is! J0ave you have had a chance to look at our websiteLJ Practice interviews ' Irite down a list of possible Huestions that you think may be asked! then have a friend act as an interviewer and direct them to you in a practice interview situation# 1onKt stop until you feel comfortable answering each Huestion# Practicing beforehand will make you feel more comfortable and relaxed during the interview# 1ress Professionally ' In todayKs environment! wearing a suit isnKt always necessary# ,ontact the 02 <anager of the company or your recruiter! and find out what the dress code is for the company at which you are going to interview# -hen dress one level above# =or instance! if it is business casual! men can wear dress pants! dress shirt! and sport coat# Iomen can wear a pantsuit! dress! or a skirt and blouse# 3isual impressions are very important# -herefore! if in doubt! always dress on the conservative side# ;rrival ' -ry to

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arrive at the interview location a little early# -his gives you time to determine where you need to go! and will give you a few minutes to collect your thoughts# 16 56- arrive late# 5othing destroys your chance at impressing an employer more than arriving late and offering no explanation# If you learn at the last minute that you are going to be arriving late at the interview! call and let the interviewer know# Interviewers understand that things can come up suddenly# Bou are never considered late if you call and make them aware of the fact# D ring t!e Interview:

=irst impressions ' =irst impressions take only thirty seconds# Establishing rapport! direct and sustained eye contact! a firm handshake! a warm smile! good posture! and introducing yourself in a confident manner are important ingredients# ; well'groomed! professional appearance is critical# 4reet the interviewer with a firm handshake! whether it is a woman or a man# F5o one likes a weak handshake#G ;lways maintain eye contact while shaking hands# Smile ' ; smile denotes confidence in a candidate# -ry to smile often# ;lso! donKt be afraid to use some hand animation while answering Huestions# -his suggests enthusiasm in a candidate# ?ody Language ' Use good posture! and look the interviewer right in the eye# Sit up straight# 5ever slouch# Speak ,learly ' 1onKt mumble# It portrays a lack of confidence# Speak with assurance# -his indicates confidence# Listen ?efore ;nswering ' ;llow the employer to begin the interview! but be prepared with some opening statements or Huestions such as! JI understand that this position involves!J or JIhat are you looking for in a "ob candidateLJ <ake sure you understand the Huestion# If not! ask the interviewer to clarify it# 1onKt be afraid to take some time to think before answering# Interviewers are impressed with someone who thinks out an answer before speaking# 4ive ?rief ;nswers ' <ake your answer concise and to the point# 2ambling tends to suggest that you really donKt have the answer to the HuestionFsG asked# Previous Employers ' 5ever! ever say anything negative about your present or previous employers# 5o matter how much you may have disliked someone! find a way to give your experiences a positive spin# ?e -ruthful ' 1onKt lie when asked about something you havenKt done# -he next Huestion will 13

be Jtell us about it#J :now Bour 2esume ' ?e prepared to talk about every fact that is on your resume# <any people embellish their accomplishments on their resumes# ;void this! since the only point of reference an interviewer has about you is the resume you provide to himMher beforehand# :eep things at a professional level ' Sometimes near the end of an interview! the two parties start feeling comfortable with each other# 1onKt let this comfortable feeling lead you to telling them something about yourself that they really shouldnKt know# ;lways keep

things at a professional level# Look for something in ,ommon ' -his is something that has given us an edge in the past# -ry to find a common bond between yourself and your interviewer# If you are being interviewed in an office! look at how the office is decorated# Look for something you can identify with# Is hisMher college diploma hanging on the wallL 1id you attend a nearby school! or perhaps one in the same 1ivisionL If so! make a Huick comment about it9 J1id you attend Penn StateL I attended the University of <ichigan# Ihat a great football conference#J Interviewers sometimes feel more comfortable with people with whom they have something in common# -his approach has helped several candidates obtain a position over other Hualified candidates# ;bove all! be sincere#

After t!e Interview:

?ack in -ouch ' ;sk the interviewer when sMhe expects to get back to you on herMhis decision# 4et EveryoneKs ?usiness ,ard ' ?efore you leave! be sure to get the business cards of all of the people with whom you visited# If you cannot do that! a( a secretary for their names and e'mail addresses# -hank the Interviewer ' 3erbally thank the interviewer for taking the time to interview you! before leaving# Iithin a day! send thank'you letters to all of the interviewers with whom you spoke# -his does not need to consist of a written letter sent via snail mailN an e'mailed thank'you works "ust as well# 1o not give up ' Sometimes! within ten minutes of the start of an in&$rvi$;< you will know that the "ob is not one you want to pursue# If you begin to feel this way! donKt give up on the interview# ,ontinue to interview as if the "ob was the most important thing in the world# -his provides you with practice for your next interview! which may be for your dream "obO 5ot all interviews will

14

lead to offers of employment! but! if you approach every interview as if itKs the most important interview you ever had! you will come out a winnerO

Addition"# Tips:
=ocus on presenting a positive! enthusiastic tone#

If you are asked to describe a weakness! mention lessons learned! and steer away from negative descriptions# -hink about three or four key points that you want to make about your personal characteristics! skills you have learned! and relevant experiences that demonstrate that you could perform the "ob well# =ind specific! rather than general! examples from your experience that illustrate important points about yourself# Ihen answering Huestions! focus on experiences that demonstrate flexibility! adaptability! responsibility! progress! achievement! creativity! initiative! and leadership# If the employer signals the end of the interview and asks you for Huestions! and you havenKt discussed some key points! say9 J-here are a couple of points I would like to mention#J ;fter the interview! write a brief thank you letter# Express your appreciation for the opportunity to interview and learn about the organi ation! re'confirm your interest! and re' emphasi e how your background and skills might be of interest to the organi ation#

INTERVIEW STRATE$IES:
Look your best# 1ress formally#

15

 Prepare your person# 2elax# Speak carefully# Speak clearly# Speak confidently# Speak slowly#

;ppropriate answers# Show good manners Fpositive attitudeG# ?e polite# ?e flexible# ?e careful# ?e tactful# 1on>t argue# ,ontrol your nervous#

So%e Interview & estions:

Bou can expect to be asked some of the following types of Huestions in an interview# ,ase Puestions are often used by consulting companies to assess analytical and problem solving skills# -he interviewer presents a situation and asks you to discuss possible solutions# ; sample case Huestion is! J1escribe a managed care company that you think is successful and explains why# Ihat do they do that worksL Ihat are their potential proble<rL Ihat is your outlook for their futureL Ihat suggestions do you have for their futureLJ ?ehavioral or situational Huestions are used to assess how you would behave in different circu<rtances and to predict your behavior in future! similar situations# ;n interviewer may ask! J-ell me 16

about a time when a team you were working on was unable to proceed due to some interpersonal conflict# 0ow did you respond! and what role did you play on the teamLJ 2ole'play Huestions entail the interviewer asking you to put yourself in another role and decide how you would handle a specific problem# Industry'specific Huestions are Huestions regarding the latest trends or issues in the industry# ;n interviewer may ask! JIf you were a ,E6 of <icrosoft>s main competitor! what actions would you take in the on'line services marketLJ ?rainteasers are Huick Huestions where the obvious answer is not necessarily the right answer such as!

JIhich would you rather receive9 fifty thousand pennies or a (%x(%x(% room filled with penniesLJ

$ener"# ' estions:

-ell me about yourself# Ihat are your key experiences and accomplishmentsL 0ow would you rank your achievementsL Ihat are your strengths and weaknessesL 0ow would your friends describe youL Explain your reason for leaving your current "ob# 0ow would you describe your management styleL Ihat appeals to you about this "ob and organi ationL 1escribe the ideal position in our company# Ihat Hualities do you think make someone successful in our industryL Ihat would you like me to know most that is not on your resumeL Ihy are you Hualified for this positionL 4ive an example of a situation where you demonstrated leadership# 1%

 Ihat Huestions do you have about the organi ationL

Puestions for the interviewer are Hueries that usually focus on the culture or mission of the organi ation! and "ob responsibilities# -his is not the time to bring up Huestions about salary! benefits! and vacation about which you can inHuire after you have been offered the "ob#

T!e (!one Interview:

1ue to a companyKs geographic location! travel costs! and divergent schedules! a phone interview may often be your initial contact with a prospective employer# -herefore! weKre offering some phone interview tips# 6b"ective ' -he idea behind a phone interview is to gain an invitation for a personal interview! and to gather more information for future steps in the process# Preparation ' 0ave a pad! pen! and a copy of your resume near the phone# Use a phone in a Huiet area# ;void any background noise# ;lso avoid using a cordless phone! because they tend to transmit poorly#

Spe")ing:
a# Smile and be enthusiastic# Bour enthusiasm will carry through to the interviewer# b# Speak in a conversational manner! and be sure to speak loudly enough to be heard# Speak with some inflection and tone# c# Let the interviewer do most of the talking# Ihen sMhe asks you a Huestion! expound upon the answer# Use the opportunity to sell your skills and experience# d# Ihen the interview is over! let herMhim know that you are very interested in scheduling a personal interview at herMhis place of business#

Referen*es:
1&

;ltavista ,areers F$%%(G! QobsontheIebF$%%(G! 3irtualville F$%%(G and <I- 6nline 2esources F$%%(G

TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

1'

)IRTUAL REALIT*
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21

Da-a $ /4!"+ Da&a *l'v$( 'AA$r a (i)Bl$ )$an( 'A *$(&urin* %'))and( &' &h$ %')Bu&$r. Ra&h$r &han Bun%hin* in %'))and( 'n a D$+@'ard, ;hi%h %an @$ &ri%D+ iA +'u=r$ ;$arin* a h$ad5)'un&$d di(Bla+, +'u Br'*ra) &h$ %')Bu&$r &' %han*$ )'d$( in r$(B'n($ &' &h$ *$(&ur$( +'u )aD$ ;i&h &h$ da&a *l'v$(. P'in&in* uB;ard( )a+ )$an I'') in< B'in&in* d';n, I'') 'u&. A (haD$ 'A +'ur Ai(& )a+ (i*nal &h$ %')Bu&$r &' $nd &h$ Br'*ra). S')$ B$'Bl$ Br'*ra) &h$ %')Bu&$r &' )i)i% &h$ir hand )'v$)$n&( in &h$ (i)ula&i'n< A'r in(&an%$, &' ($$ &h$ir hand( ;hil$ %'ndu%&in* a vir&ual (+)Bh'n+.

On$ &+B$ 'A da&a *l'v$ ha( a ;$@ 'A Ai@$r 'B&i% %a@l$( al'n* i&( @a%D. Chan*$( in &h$ a)'un& 'A li*h& &ran()i&&$d &' &h$ %')Bu&$r @+ &h$ %a@l$( (i*nal h'; &h$ C'in&( 'A +'ur Ain*$r( ar$ @$n&. On%$ &h$ da&a *l'v$ ha( @$$n %ali@ra&$d &' +'ur hand, +'ur *$(&ur$( &ri**$r Br$5 Br'*ra))$d %'))and(. O&h$r *l'v$( u($ (&rain ($n('r( 'v$r &h$ C'in&( &' d$&$%& )'v$)$n&. Y$& '&h$r( r$l+ 'n )$%hani%al ($n('r( &' )$a(ur$ +'ur hand )'v$)$n&(.

S')$ %')Bu&$r u($r( hav$ $la@'ra&$d 'n &h$ da&a *l'v$ %'n%$B& @+ %r$a&in* Aa%ial ($n('r(, $v$n @'d+ (ui&(. N'& )an+ (%i$n&i(&( hav$ %li)@$d in&' &h$($ *$& uB(, @u& ani)a&'r( hav$. Alr$ad+, Aa%ial )'v$)$n& ($n('r( h''D$d &' %')Bu&$r( ar$ (i)BliA+in* &h$ir C'@, ani)a&in* %ar&''n(. 5a,0"+ 0and(, &h$ (i)Bl$(& 'A &h$ in&$rAa%$ d$vi%$(, %')$ in all (haB$( and varia&i'n(. /'(& in%'rB'ra&$ 'n5'AA @u&&'n( &' %'n&r'l varia@l$( in a (i)ula&i'n 'r in &h$ di(Bla+ 'A da&a. /'(& ;and( 'B$ra&$ ;i&h (iH d$*r$$( 'A Ar$$d')< &ha& i(, @+ B'in&in* a ;and a& an '@C$%&, +'u %an %han*$ i&( B'(i&i'n and 'ri$n&a&i'n in an+ 'A (iH dir$%&i'n(, A'r;ard 'r @a%D;ard, uB 'r d';n, 'r l$A& 'r ri*h&. Thi( v$r(a&ili&+ %'uBl$d ;i&h (i)Bli%i&+ ar$ &h$ r$a('n( A'r &h$ ;and=( B'Bulari&+. O-#!. I,61- D!432!"+ Al)'(& an+&hin* %an @$ %'nv$r&$d in&' a ($n(in* d$vi%$ A'r (i)ula&i'n in vir&ual r$ali&+. Ca&$rBillar, In%. a&&a%h$d ($n('r( &' a )'%D &ra%&'r %a@, %')Bl$&$ ;i&h (&$$rin* ;h$$l and B$dal(, and u($d &hi( $nvir'n)$n& &' (i)ula&$ &$(& driv$( 'A i&( n$; lin$ 'A @a%Dh'$ l'ad$r(. S&air (&$BB$r( ar$ an $Ha)Bl$ 'A &h$ li)i&l$(( )aniA$(&a&i'n( 'A in&$rAa%$ d$vi%$(. A( Bar& 'A a (i)ula&$d @a&&l$Ai$ld &$rrain, $n*in$$r( Ar') an ar)+ r$($ar%h la@ 'u&Ai&&$d a (&air (&$BB$r ;i&h ($n(in* d$vi%$( &' d$&$%& &h$ (B$$d, dir$%&i'n, and in&$n(i&+ 'A a ('ldi$r=( )'v$)$n&( in r$(B'n($ &' &h$ @a&&l$Ai$ld (%$n$( Br'C$%&$d 'n&' a h$ad5)'un&$d di(Bla+. Th$ (&air (&$BB$r Br'vid$d A$$d@a%D &' &h$ ('ldi$r @+ )aDin* &h$ (&air( $a(i$r 'r )'r$ diAAi%ul& &' %li)@.

APPLICATIONS+
ARCHITECTURE 7 CONSTRUCTION+
1ir&ual r$ali&+ i( alr$ad+ (h';in* i&( B'&$n&ial in &h$ ar%hi&$%&ur$ and %'n(&ru%&i'n indu(&ri$(. A @uildin* %an @$ %r$a&$d a( a navi*a@l$, in&$ra%&iv$, and i))$r(iv$ $HB$ri$n%$ ;hil$ (&ill @$in* d$(i*n$d, (' &ha& @'&h ar%hi&$%& and %li$n& %an $HB$ri$n%$ &h$ (&ru%&ur$ and )aD$ %han*$( @$A'r$ %'n(&ru%&i'n @$*in(. I& ha( @$$n (aid &ha& $v$r+ @uildin* @uil& &'da+ i( a%&uall+ a Bh+(i%al Br'&'&+B$, l$avin* li&&l$ r'') A'r inBu& 'r %han*$( un&il aA&$r %'n(&ru%&i'n.

22

1ir&ual r$ali&+ ;'uld all'; A'r an $l$%&r'ni% Br'&'&+B$ &' @$ %r$a&$d and )'diAi$d, (' &ha& %'(&l+ %han*$( durin* 'r aA&$r %'n(&ru%&i'n ar$ av'id$d.

In &h$ Au&ur$, %li$n&( ;ill ;an& &' $HB$ri$n%$ &h$ir h'u($ 'r @uildin* in vir&ual r$ali&+ @$A'r$ Ainal d$(i*n( ar$ %')Bl$&$d and %'n(&ru%&i'n @$*in(. 9$+'nd &'da+=( %aBa@ili&i$(, %li$n&( ;ill n'& 'nl+ @$ a@l$ &' ($$ &h$ (&ru%&ur$, @u& h$ar ('und(

Ar') ;i&hin i&, A$$l i&( &$H&ur$(, and $HB$ri$n%$ i&( Ara*ran%$(. H')$@uild$r( and r$al5$(&a&$ d$v$l'B$r( ar$ Bar&i%ularl+ $H%i&$d a@'u& &h$ B'&$n&ial 'A vir&ual r$ali&+ &' ($ll &h$ir d$(i*n(. Ci&+ Blann$r( ;ill u($ vir&ual r$ali&+ &' %'n(id$r vari'u( %han*$( in &h$ %'))uni&+, *r$a&l+ a((i(&in* &h$ ;'rD 'A I'nin* and Blannin* @'ard(.

EDUCATION 7 TRANING+
1R i( Cu(& @$*innin* &' @$ aBBli$d in $du%a&i'n and &rainin*. S&ud$n&( %an (&ud+ ana&')+ 'r $HBl'r$ 'ur *alaH+. In &h$ Au&ur$, (&ud$n&( ;ill @$ a@l$ &' l$arn &hr'u*h (&ud+in* in vir&ual ;'rld(. Ch$)i(&r+ (&ud$n&( ;ill @$ a@l$ &' %'ndu%& $HB$ri)$n&( ;i&h'u& ri(Din* an a%%id$n&al $HBl'(i'n in &h$ la@. A(&r'n')+ (&ud$n&( ;ill @$ a@l$ &' vi(i& a ran*$ 'A vir&ual *alaHi$( &' (&ud+ &h$ir Br'B$r&i$(. Hi(&'r+ (&ud$n&( ;ill @$ a@l$ &' vi(i& diAA$r$n& hi(&'ri%al $v$n&( and B$rhaB( $v$n Bar&i%iBa&$ in &h$ a%&i'n ;i&h hi(&'ri%al Ai*ur$(. En*li(h (&ud$n&( %'uld @$ 'n (&a*$ a& &h$ Gl'@$ Th$a&$r a( i& ;a( ;h$n ShaD$(B$ar$=( Bla+( ;$r$ Air(& Br$($n&$d. Th$+ ;ill al(' @$ a@l$ &' $n&$r in&' a @''D and in&$ra%& ;i&h i&( %hara%&$r(. 1ir&ual r$ali&+ ;ill al(' @$ u($d in &$a%hin* adul&(. Train$$( in a ;id$ vari$&+ 'A $nvir'n)$n&( ;ill @$ a@l$ &' (aA$l+ &r+ 'u& n$; &$%hniJu$(. Th$+ ;ill u($ &h$($ Bra%&i%$ &a(D( in haIard'u( $nvir'n( and al(' Bra%&i%$ d$alin* ;i&h $)$r*$n%i$( 'n &h$ C'@.

BUSINESS+
Alr$ad+, ($v$ral %')Bani$( hav$ %r$a&$d &hr$$5di)$n(i'nal vi(ualiIa&i'n( 'A &h$ (&'%D )arD$&. Th$ u($ 'A vir&ual r$ali&+ in (&'%D )arD$& &radin* ;ill *r$a&l+ in%r$a($ in &h$ Au&ur$. Th'($ %')Bani$( &radin* 'n vari'u( (&'%D )arD$&( *l'@all+ ;ill r$Juir$ &hi( vir&ual5 r$ali&+ aBBli%a&i'n &' id$n&iA+ &r$nd( and )aD$ &rad$( )'r$ raBidl+. Th$+ ;ill, in Aa%&, @$ in&$ra%&in* ;i&h &h$ (&'%D )arD$& in r$al &i)$.

23

MARKETING+
1ir&ual r$ali&+ i( Cu(& @$*innin* &' @$ u($d @+ %')Bani$( ;h' ;an& %u(&')$r( &' $HB$ri$n%$ &h$ir Br'du%&( and &' und$r(&and &h$) @$&&$r. Th$+=v$ A'und &ha& a n$; &$%hn'l'*+, (u%h a( vir&ual r$ali&+, dra;( B$'Bl$ &' &h$ir $Hhi@i&( and inv'lv$( &h$) ;i&h a Br'du%& )u%h )'r$ &han (&andard di(Bla+(. Ca@l$&r'n, a %a@l$ n$&;'rD %')Ban+ in R'%h$(&$r, N$; Ha)B(hir$, ha( %u(&')$r( &rav$l &hr'u*h &h$ir n$&;'rD vir&uall+. SaBB'r', a @$$r %')Ban+ in :aBan, all';( %u(&')$r( &' vi(i& i&( Br'du%&i'n Blan& &' $HB$ri$n%$ &h$ @$$r5)aDin* Br'%$(( in vir&ual r$ali&+.

In &h$ Au&ur$, vir&ual r$ali&+ ;ill @$ u($d &' d$v$l'B and &$(& Br'du%&( ;i&h )u%h *r$a&$r %u(&')$r inv'lv$)$n&. A %')Ban+ ;ill @$ a@l$ &' %r$a&$ Br'du%&(, *ain %u(&')$r A$$d@a%D, and &h$n )'diA+ &h$ Br'du%&( )u%h )'r$ raBidl+ and in$HB$n(iv$l+.

GAMES+

In !88!, &h$ %')Ban+ 1ir&uali&+ li%$n($d &h$ A)i*a ### A'r u($ in &h$ir 1R )a%hin$( and r$l$a($d a 1R *a)in* (+(&$) %all$d &h$ !###CS. Thi( ;a( a (&and5uB i))$r(iv$ H/D Bla&A'r) ;i&h a &ra%D$d D C'+(&i%D. Th$ (+(&$) A$a&ur$d ($v$ral 1R *a)$( in%ludin*, Legend Quest >adv$n&ur$ and Aan&a(+?, Hero >1R BuIIl$?. E&%.1ir&ual R$ali&+ 0ir$l$(( T1 T$nni( Ga)$ %')$( ;i&h a &'+ &$nni( ra%D$& &ha& ($n($( &h$ Bla+$r=( (;in*, ;hil$ 0ir$l$(( T1 1ir&ual R$ali&+ 9'Hin* in%lud$( @'Hin* *l'v$( &ha& &h$ Bla+$r ;$ar( and Ca@( ;i&h. MEDICINE+ 1ir&ual r$ali&+ i( Cu(& @$*innin* &' @$ u($d in )$di%in$ and )$di%al r$($ar%h. Th$ Univ$r(i&+ 'A N'r&h Car'lina >UNC? u($( i& in @i'%h$)i%al $n*in$$rin*. Th$+ &$(& &h$ d'%Din* 'A )'l$%ul$( u(in* vi(ual and audi&'r+ di(Bla+( and a A'r%$5A$$d@a%D d$vi%$. 1ir&ual r$ali&+ i(

24

al(' @$in* u($d a& UNC and '&h$r l'%a&i'n( &' Bra%&i%$ ai)in* -5ra+( @$A'r$ %an%$r &r$a&)$n&( 'A &ha& &+B$ ar$ B$rA'r)$d. S$v$ral %')Bani$(, (u%h a( /ar+land, and '&h$r( ar$ %r$a&in* vir&ual @'di$(, a Dind 'A E@'d+ $l$%&r'ni%,E &' $nhan%$ )$di%al &rainin*.

In &h$ Au&ur$, )$di%al (&ud$n&( ;ill (&ud+ ana&')+ @+ di(($%&in* vir&ual %adav$r( )u%h )'r$ %'(& $AA$%&iv$ and $AAi%i$n& ;a+ 'A (&ud+in* &h$ hu)an @'d+. /$di%al (&ud$n&( and (ur*$'n( ;ill Bra%&i%$ vir&ual (ur*$r+ @$A'r$ a&&$)B&in* a n$; Br'%$dur$. Th$+ )a+ $v$n Bra%&i%$ an 'B$ra&i'n A'r a (B$%iAi% Ba&i$n&, ;h'($ uniJu$ @'d+ %hara%&$ri(&i%( hav$ @$$n (%ann$d in&' &h$ %')Bu&$r. DiAA$r$n& di($a($( and )$di%al $)$r*$n%i$( %an al(' @$ (i)ula&$d &' &$(& a )$di%al (&ud$n& 'r d'%&'rK( Dn';l$d*$ r$*ardin* &r$a&)$n&. On a diAA$r$n& Ar'n&, vir&ual r$ali&+ %'uld @$ u($d A'r &r$a&)$n&( in *uid$d vi(ualiIa&i'n. Pa&i$n&( %'uld u($ vir&ual r$ali&+ &' a((i(& in vi(ualiIin* a Bar& 'A &h$ir @'d+ A'r h$alin*. LiD$;i($, vir&ual r$ali&+ %'uld h$lB i)Br'v$ r$laHa&i'n &$%hniJu$(, Br'vidin* a Bl$a(an& ;'rld in ;hi%h &' r$laH.

CONCLUSION+
1ir&ual r$ali&+ ha( @$$n h$avil+ %ri&i%iI$d A'r @$in* an in$AAi%i$n& )$&h'd A'r navi*a&in* n'n5*$'*raBhi%al inA'r)a&i'n. Th$ )aC'r '@(&a%l$ i( &h$ h$ada%h$( du$ &' $+$ (&rain, %au($d @+ 1R h$ad($&(. R$B$&i&iv$ S&rain InCur+ %an al(' r$(ul& Ar') r$B$a&$d u($ 'A &h$ hand($& *l'v$(. 1R=( aBB$al ha( lar*$l+ @$$n du$ &' i&( )arD$&in*. . T' *iv$ a ($n($ 'A %ul&ural (%al$, &h$+ %')Bar$d &h$ir &$%hn'l'*+ ;i&h '&h$r(, (u%h a( Ali*h&, &h$ &$l$Bh'n$ and &h$ Brin&in* Br$(( and &ri$d &' @r'ad$n &h$ ran*$ 'A ar$a( &' ;hi%h &h$ &$%hn'l'*+ %'uld @$ und$r(&''d &' aBBl+55%'l'niIin* di(%'ur($(. Th$ $H%$((iv$ %lai/r a@'u& 1R ($$n ar'und !878 hav$ @$$n &$)B$r$d, and 1R n'; ha( a ('lid inAra(&ru%&ur$ 'A d$v$l'B$r(, and a r$%$B&iv$ Bu@li%. Thi( (u%%$(( %an Bar&l+ @$ a&&ri@u&$d &' &h$ &$%hn'l'*+ i&($lA, @u& &h$ Br'%$(( i( )'r$ %')Bl$H and i( (&r'n*l+ %'nn$%&$d ;i&h &h$ %ul&ural %'n&$H& in&' ;hi%h &h$ &$%hn'l'*+ ;a( in&r'du%$d.

25

NON5TECHNICAL PRESENTATION
26

-arry -o%dini
-arry -o%dini Fborn Erik Cei!D! later Ehrich Ieiss or 0arry IeissN <arch $A! (/7A C 6ctober )(! (&$.G was a 0ungarian'born ;merican stunt performer! noted for his sensational escape acts# 0e first attracted notice as 0andcuff 0arry! on a tour of Europe! where he would sensationally challenge different police'forces to try to keep him locked up# -his revealed a talent for gimmickry and for audience involvement that would characterise all his work# Soon he was extending his repertoire to include chains! ropes slung from skyscrapers! strait"ackets under water! and having to hold his breath inside a sealed milk'can# In (&%A! thousands watched as he tried to escape from a special handcuff commissioned by LondonKs 1aily <irror! keeping them in suspense for a hour# ;nother stunt saw him buried alive and only "ust able to claw hi<relf to the surface! emerging in a state of near'breakdown# Ihile many suspected that these escapes were fabricated! it is ironical that 0oudini was meanwhile presenting hi<relf as the scourge of fake magicians and spiritualists# ;s President of the Society of ;merican <agicians! he was keen to uphold professional standards and expose fraudulent artists who gave practitioners a bad name# 0e was also Huick to sue anyone who pirated his own escape'stunts# 0oudini made a number of movies! but Huit acting when it failed to bring in money# 0e was also a keen aviator! and aimed to become the first man to fly a plane in ;ustralia! but according to the official definition of sustained flight! he was beaten to it by two others# Even the circu<rtances of his death were dramatic and mysterious# ;ccording to one version! a student in <ontreal asked him if his stomach was hard enough to take any blow! to which he replied that it was! whereupon the student rained a series of blows on it before 0oudini had had time to tense up# ; few days later! he died of a ruptured appendix# ?ut this may have been unconnected! as he had already been suffering appendicitis and refusing to seek medical attention

2%

Early life

0arry 0oudini was born as Erik Cei!D in ?udapest! 0ungary! on <arch $A! (/7A# 0is parents were 2abbi <ayer Samuel Ieis F(/$&C(/&$G! and ,ecelia Ieis FnRe SteinerN (/A(C(&()G# 0oudini was one of seven children9 0erman <# F(/.)C(//@G who was actually 0oudiniKs half'brother! by 2abbi Ieis Ks first marriageN 5athan Q# F(/7%C(&$7GN 4ottfried Iilliam F(/7$C(&$@GN -heodore J-heoJ F(/7.C(&A@GNLeopold 1# F(/7&C(&.$GN and ,arrie 4ladys Fborn (//$ C unknown year of deathG who tragically was left almost completely blind after an accident in her childhood# Ieis arrived in the United States on Quly )! (/7/! sailing on the SS Fresia with his mother Fwho was pregnantG and his four brothers# -he family changed the 0ungarian spelling of their 4erman surname into Cei!! Fthe 4erman spellingG and ErikKs name was changed to E'ric'# =riends called him JEhrieJ or J0arryJ# ;s a child! Ehrich Ieiss took several "obs! making his public dRbut as a &'year'old trape e artist! calling hi<relf JEhrich! the Prince of the ;irJ# 0e was also a champion cross country runner in his youth# Ieiss became a professional magician and began calling hi<relf J0arry 0oudiniJ because he was heavily influenced by the =rench magician Qean EugSne 2obert'0oudin! and his friend Qack 0ayman told him! erroneously! that in =rench! adding an JiJ to 0oudin would mean Jlike 0oudinJ! the great magician# In later life! 0oudini would claim that the first part of his new name! 0arry! was a homage to 0arry :ellar! whom 0oudini admired#In (&(/! he registered for selective service as 0arry 0andcuff 0oudini#

Magic career

J<y -wo SweetheartsJT0oudini with his mother and wife! c# (&%7

0oudini became widely known as J-he 0andcuff :ing#J 0e toured England! Scotland! the 5etherlands! 4ermany! =rance! and 2ussia# In each city! 0oudini would challenge local police to restrain him with shackles and lock him in their "ails# In many of these challenge escapes! 0oudini would first be stripped nude and searched# In <oscow! 0oudini escaped from a Siberian prison transport van# 0oudini claimed that! had he been unable to free hi<relf! he would have had to travel to Siberia! where the only key was kept# In ,ologne! he sued a police officer! Ierner 4raff! who alleged that he made his escapes via bribery# 0oudini won the case when he opened the "udgeKs safe Fhe would later say the "udge had forgotten to lock itG# Iith his new'found wealth and success! 0oudini purchased a dress said to have been made for Pueen 3ictoria# 0e then arranged a grand reception where he presented his mother in the dress to all their relatives# 0oudini said it was the happiest day of his life# In (&%A! 0oudini returned to the U#S# and purchased a house for U$@!%%%! a brownstone at $7/ I# (()th Street in 0arlem! 5ew Bork ,ity =rom (&%7 and throughout the (&(%s! 0oudini performed with great success in the United States# 0e would free hi<relf from "ails! handcuffs! chains! ropes! and strait"ackets! often while hanging from a rope in plain sight of street audiences# ?ecause of imitators! on Qanuary $@! (&%/! 0oudini put his Jhandcuff actJ behind him and began escaping from a locked! water'filled milk can# -he possibility of failure and death thrilled his audiences# 0oudini also expanded repertoire with his escape challenge act! in which he invited the public to devise contraptions to hold him# -hese included nailed packing crates Fsometimes lowered into

2&

waterG! riveted boilers! wet'sheets! mailbags! and even the belly of a whale that had washed ashore in ?oston# ?rewers challenged 0oudini to escape from a barrel after they filled it with beer in Scranton! P; and other cities#

Poster promoting 0oudini taking up the challenge of escaping an Jextra strong and large traveling basketJ

0e also served as President of the Society of ;merican <agicians Faka S#;#<#G from (&(7 until his death in (&$.# =ounded on <ay (%! (&%$ in the back room of <artinkaKs magic shop in 5ew Bork! the Society expanded under the leadership of 0arry 0oudini during his term as 5ational President from (&(7C(&$.# 0oudini was magicKs greatest visionary# 0e sought to create a large! unified national network of professional and amateur magicians# Iherever he traveled! 0oudini would give a lengthy formal address to the local magic club! making speeches! and usually threw a banHuet for the members at his own expense# 0e said J-he <agicians ,lubs as a rule are small9 they are weak###but if we were amalgamated into one big body the society would be stronger! and it would mean making the small clubs powerful and worth while# J<embers would find a welcome wherever they happened to be and! conversely! the safeguard of a city'to'city hotline to track exposers and other undesirables#J ?y the end of (&(.! magiciansK clubs in San =rancisco and other cities that 0oudini had not visited were offering to become assemblies# 0e had created the richest and longest surviving organi ation of magicians in the world# It now embraces almost .!%%% dues paying members and almost )%% assemblies worldwide# In Quly! (&$.! 0oudini was elected for the ninth successive time President of the Society of ;merican <agicians# Every other president has only served for one year# 0e also was President of the <agiciansK ,lub of London# In the final years of his life F(&$@M$.G! 0oudini launched his own full'evening show! which he billed as J) Shows in 6ne9 <agic! Escapes! and =raud <ediu<r ExposedJ#

Notable escapes
Mirror handcuff challenge

J0andcuffJ 0arry 0oudini! circa (&%@

In (&%A! the London Daily Mirror newspaper challenged 0oudini to escape from a special handcuff that it claimed had taken 5athaniel 0art! a locksmith from ?irmingham! five years to make# 0oudini accepted the challenge for <arch (7 during a matinRe performance at LondonKs 0ippodrome theater# It was reported that A%%% people and more than (%% "ournalists turned out for the much'hyped event# -he escape attempt dragged on for over an hour! during which 0oudini emerged from his Jghost houseJ Fa small screen used to conceal the method of his escapeG several times# 6n one occasion! he asked if the cuff could be removed so he could take off his coat# -he Mirror representative! =rank Parker! refused! saying 0oudini could gain an advantage if he saw how the cuff was unlocked# 0oudini promptly took out a pen'knife and! holding the knife in his teeth! used it to cut his coat from his body# Some @. minutes later! 0oudiniKs wife appeared on stage and gave him a kiss# It is believed that in her mouth was the key to unlock the special handcuff# 0oudini then went back behind the curtain# ;fter an hour and ten minutes! 0oudini emerged free# ;s he was paraded on the shoulders of the cheering crowd! he broke down and wept# 0oudini later said it was the most difficult escape of his career#

2'

C'ine!e Cater Tort%re Ce$$

/@erboard bo1 e!caBe

Main article: Chinese Water Torture Cell

Movie career
In (&%. 0oudini started showing fil<r of his outside escapes as part of his vaudeville act# In ?oston he presented a short film called Houdini Defeats Hackenschmidt# 4eorg 0ackenschmidt was a famous wrestler of the day! but the nature of their contest is unknown as the film is lost# In (&%& 0oudini made a film in Paris for ,inema Lux titled Merveilleux Exploits du Cl re Houdini ! "aris F<arvellous Exploits of the =amous 0oudini in ParisG# It featured a loose narrative designed to showcase several of 0oudiniKs famous escapes! including his strait"acket and underwater handcuff escapes# -hat same year 0oudini got an offer to star as ,aptain 5emo in a silent version of #$%$$$ &ea'ues (nder the )ea! but the pro"ect never made it into production#

The Houdini )erial! (&(& <ovie poster

The *rim *ame! (&(& <ovie poster

The Man from +eyond! (&$$

It is often erroneously reported that 0oudini served as special'effects consultant on the IhartonMInternational cliffhanger serial! The mysteries of Myra! shot in Ithaca! 5ew Bork! because 0arry 4rossman! director of The Master Mystery also filmed a serial in Ithaca at about the same time# 0oudini had nothing to do with J<yraJ! which treated spiritualism as real! something he never would have approved of# -he actual consultants on the serial were pioneering psychic investigator 0ereward ,arrington and magician ;leister ,rowley# In (&(/ 0oudini signed a contract with film producer ?#;# 2olfe to star in a (@'part serial! The Master Mystery Freleased in Qanuary (&(&G# ;s was common at the time! the film serial was released simultaneously with a novel# =inancial difficulties resulted in ?#;# 2olfe Productions going out of business! but The Master Mystery led to 0oudini being signed by =amous Players'Lasky ,orporationMParamount Pictures!

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for whom he made two pictures! The *rim *ame F(&(&G and Terror ,sland F(&$%G# Ihile filming an aerial stunt for The *rim *ame! two biplanes collided in mid' air with a stuntman doubling 0oudini dangling by a rope from one of the planes# Publicity was geared heavily toward promoting this dramatic Jcaught on filmJ moment! claiming it was 0oudini hi<relf dangling from the plane# Ihile filming these movies in Los ;ngeles! 0oudini rented a home in Laurel ,anyon# =ollowing his two'picture stint in 0ollywood! 0oudini returned to 5ew Bork and started his own film production company called the J0oudini Picture ,orporationJ# 0e produced and starred in two fil<r! The Man From +eyond F(&$(G and Haldane of the )ecret )ervice F(&$)G# 0e also founded his own film laboratory business called -he =ilm 1evelopment ,orporation F=1,G! gambling on a new process for developing motion picture film# 0oudiniKs brother! -heodore 0ardeen! left his own career as a magician and escape artist to run the company# <agician 0arry :ellar was a ma"or investor# 5either 0oudiniKs acting career nor =1, found success! and he gave up on the movie business in (&$)! complaining that Jthe profits are too meagerJ# ?ut his celebrity was such that! years later! he would be given a star on the 0ollywood Ialk of =ame Fat 7%%( 0ollywood ?lvdG# In ;pril $%%/ :ino International released a 131 box set of 0oudiniKs surviving silent fil<r! including The Master Mystery! Terror ,sland! The Man From +eyond! Haldane of the )ecret )ervice! and five minutes from The *rim *ame# -he set also includes newsreel footage of 0oudiniKs escapes from (&%7 to (&$)! and a section fromMerveilleux Exploits du Cl re Houdini ! "aris Falthough it is not identified as suchG#

.eat'
0arry 0oudini died of peritonitis! secondary to a ruptured appendix# Eyewitnesses to an incident at the Princess -heater in <ontreal gave rise to speculation that 0oudiniKs death was caused by a<c4ill University student! Q# 4ordon Ihitehead! who delivered a surprise attack of multiple blows to 0oudiniKs abdomen#-he eyewitnesses! students named QacHues Price and Sam Smilovit Fsometimes called Qack Price and Sam SmileyG! proffered accounts of the incident that generally corroborated one another# -he following is PriceKs description of events90oudini was reclining on his couch after his performance! having an art student sketch him# Ihen Ihitehead came in and asked if it was true that 0oudini could take any blow to the stomach! 0oudini replied groggily in the affirmative# In this instance! he was hit three times before 0oudini could tighten up his stomach muscles to avoid serious in"ury# Ihitehead reportedly continued hitting 0oudini several more times and 0oudini acted as though he were in some pain#0oudini reportedly stated that if he had had time to prepare hi<relf properly! he would have been in a better position to take the blows# 0e had apparently been suffering from appendicitis for several days prior and yet refused medical treatment# 6ne source states that his appendix would likely have burst on its own without the trauma# ;lthough in serious pain! 0oudini continued to travel without seeking medical attention#Ihen 0oudini arrived at the 4arrick -heater in 1etroit! <ichigan on 6ctober $A! (&$.! for what would be his last performance! he had a fever of (%A V= FA% V,G# 1espite a diagnosis of acute appendicitis! 0oudini took the stage# 0e was reported to have passed out during the show! but was revived and continued# ;fterwards! he was hospitali ed at 1etroitKs 4race 0ospital#0oudini died of peritonitis from a ruptured appendix at (9$. p#m# in 2oom A%( on 6ctober )(! aged @$# In his final weeks! he optimistically held to a strong belief that he would recover! but his last words before dying were reportedly! JIKm tired of fightingJ#;fter taking statements from Price and Smilovit ! 0oudiniKs insurance company concluded that the death was due to the dressing'room incident and paid double indemnity#0oudiniKs funeral was held on 5ovember A! (&$.! in 5w Bork! with more than $!%%% mourners in attendance#W.(X 0e was interred in the <achpelah ,emetery in Pueens! 5ew Bork! with the crest of the Society of ;merican <agicians inscribed on his gravesite# ; statuary bust was added to the excedra in (&$7! believed to be the only graven image in a Qewish cemetery anywhere#

In (&7@ it was knocked over and destroyed# -emporary ones were placed there until $%(( when a group who came to be called -he 0oudini ,ommandos from -he 0oudini <useum in Scranton! P; placed a permanent bust with the permission of 0oudiniKs family and the cemetery#-o this day the Society holds a broken wand ceremony at the grave site in 5ovember# 0oudiniKs widow! ?ess! died on =ebruary ((! (&A)! aged .7! in 5eedles! ,alifornia# She had expressed a wish to be buried next to him but instead was interred at the 4ate of 0eaven ,emetery in Iestchester! 5ew Bork! as her ,atholic family refused to allow her to be buried in a Qewish cemetery#W.)X

-he grave marker at 0arry 0oudiniKs burial site Ieiss =amily 4rave <emorial Site at <achpelah ,emetery

31

GROUP DISCUSSION
32

GROUP DISCUSSION
C-+T IS + )R/20 .ISC2SSI/NE
4roup 1iscussion F41G is an effective way to look at an issue from various angles# Ihen a topic is discussed in a group! all the participants come out with their own ideas# 41 has emerged as a tool to measure one>s behavior! emotional and psychological attributes# ;n employer cannot take chances with an employee# -hey cannot make all the candidates work and choose the best# So! they make the candidates go through various tests as written test! 41! interview! etc#

C-; + ). IS + 0+RT /, SE(ECTI/N 0R/CESSE

33

Iritten test can only test the knowledge of the person# Interview can give an insight into his emotional and intellectual Huotient# ?ut a 41 can access ones ability to measure contributes towards the tea<r goal and the way he can work under stress#

STR2CT2RE /, + ).4
; 41 generally consists of /'($ people# ; topic is given to the participants with some time to prepare on it before the actual commencement of the discussion# It consists of three'phased structure
1. "rain Stor in&4

Starts with an introduction and viewpoints of various members on the topics# 2# E@a$%ation4 ,onsists of real discussion were the participants discuss the topics with e#g##
3. S%

ary4 In end comes the summary were some body summaries the discussion#

T;0ES /, ).4

,reew'ee$in&4 -he participants are given a room where they have to manage the<relves

deciding a topic pf discussion to arrange their seats# ;fter the discussion the examiner asks the Huestions regarding to it#

time period#

ModeratorA$ed4 It is an analytical thinking of the participants# -he topic will be given some

.etai$ ob!er@atory !ty$e4 It is the hi'tech method like close circuit cameras! the over all behavior of the

participants# ;n examiner observes the audio visual aids from another room#

3IN.S /, T/0ICS4
1# ,act%a$4

34

Eg## -he state of woman in India compared to other countries# 2# Contro@er!ia$4 Eg## Should there be smaller states# *# +b!tract4 E#g## ?lue is better than red#

3E; C/R.S +N. VIECS /, ).4

Ihen a topic is given find the keywords and ask yourself Huestions like when! where! who! what! +howetc#

C+TE)/RIF+TI/N /, 0+RTICI0+NTS4

Initiator4 6ne who initiates the discussionL

Coordinator4 6ne who makes the silent member to talkL

S'aBer4 6ne who gives direction to the teamL

,ini!'er4 6ne who keeps a check and makes the team finish the task on time#

(eader4 6ne who leads the discussionL

Inno@ator4 6ne who comes out with new ideasL

Conf$ict Mana&er4 6ne who takes care on smooth functioningL

Ta$kin& Terror4 6ne who keeps on speaking at length wit out giving any change to othersL

35

Si$ent Me ber4 6ne who hardly speaks but listen to othersL

IM0R/VIN) T-E 0ER,/RM+NCE /, ).4

1ress properly# ?e confident# :eep a pen and paper# ?ody language# 1on>t interrupt freHuently#

,ommunication skills# Initiate the discussion# 1on>t be aggressive# ;cknowledge other points# 1o not keep points in store# 1o not give personal experiences# ?e flexible# Participate throughout# 2emember that you are in a team#

<otivate others# Summari e the discussion#

)ro%B Me ber!4
(# $# )# A# @# 2 :rishna :umar 4 , :amalesh ; :arthick 2 :anthavel P :alaivanan

36

.# 7# /#

<ervin#k <ohammad ;rif <anikandan

Mock )ro%B .i!c%!!ion9

<ost topics are taken from the current political or economic scene so if one has "ust kept abreast of current affairs! then he will be able to make a mark# Ie give below a group discussion on a common topic and give some typical responses of students# Ie then analy e the discussion so that readers can develop their own strategy for themselves#

:2.)E9 4ood morning# Bou can choose any topic you like or take a slip from that box# Bou are
given one minute to think to start with the discussion# -he observers will not interfere in your discussion# If no conclusion is reached! we may ask each of you to speak for a minute on the topic at the end of the discussion# -he topic on the slip is J<ultinationals9 ?ane or ?oonJ# I suggest you should start the discussion#

Mr#M+NI3+N.+N 4 -his is a good topic# I am against multinationals# Ie have ,oke and

Pepsi# 1o we need themL Ie can manufacture our own soft drinks# <ultinationals destroy the local industry and sell non'essential products#

Mr# 3a$ai@anan4 I agree with you# Ihat is the fun of having ,oke and PepsiL Ie have our own
,ampa ,ola#

Mr# M/-+MM+. +RI,4 I think water is good enough# Mr# 3+RT-IC34 Ie are not here to discuss soft drinks# -he topic given to us is a much larger
one# =irst! let us define multinational companies# -hey are merely large companies which operate in a number of countries# -here could be some Indian multinationals also# So there is nothing wrong with them# -he point is whether they have a good or bad impact on the host countries# Ie have to discuss their business practices and find out whether they are desirable or not#

Mr# MERVIN4 -hat is a very good introduction to the topic# <ultinational companies do serve an
important function that they bring new products and technologies in countries which do not have

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them# ;nd it is not "ust ,oke and Pepsi# -hey set up power plants and build roads and bridges! which really help in the development of host countries#

Mr# 3RIS-N+ 32M+R4 ?ut are they all that goodL Ie have seen that they destroy local
industry# In India they "ust took over existing companies# -hey came in areas of low technology# <oreover! we have to see why they come at all# -hey come for earning profits and often remit more money abroad than they bring in#

Mr# 3+M+(ES-4 I agree with you# I am against multinationals# Ie can produce everything
ourselves# Ie should be swadeshi in our approach# Ihy do we need multinational companiesL

Mr# 3+NT-+VE(4 Ie may not need multinational companies but then it also means that our
companies should not do business abroad# ,an we live in an isolated worldL -he fact is that we are moving towards becoming a global village# -he world is interconnected# -hen we have also seen that foreign companies bring in business practices that we are impressed with# Look at foreign banks# -hey are so efficient and friendly that the nationali ed banks look pathetic in comparison# I think we can learn a lot from multinationals if we keep our eyes and mind open#

Mr# R#3RIS-N+ 32M+R4 -ake a look at <c1onaldKs# -hey are providing Huality meals at
affordable prices# 6ne does not have to wait at their restaurants#

Mr# MERVIN4 0ow do you account for the fact that they take out more than they put in and thus
lead to impoverishing the countryL

Mr# 3+RT-IC34 -he fact is that every poor country needs foreign investment# Poor countries
often lack resources of their own# -hat is why they have to invite foreign companies in# -here is nothing wrong in this because then products like cars! air conditioners and so on can be made in poor countries# 6ften multinationals source products from different countries which helps boost their export earnings#

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Mr# M+NI3+N.+N4 Ie have been talking about ,oke and Pepsi# It is well known that Pepsi is
in the foods business also and has helped farmers in Pun"ab by setting up modern far<r to grow potatoes and tomatoes# <odern practices have helped the people in that area#

Mr# R#3RIS-N+ 32M+R4 I still feel that multinationals are harmful for the country# Mr# 3RIS-N+ 32M+R4 Iell! there could be negative things associated with such companies#
-hey may not be very good in their practices# ?ut can we do without themL I think the best way is to invite them but also impose some controls so that they follow the laws of the country and do not indulge in unfair practices#

Mr# M+NI3+N.+N4 I think laws are applicable to everyone# 3ery often officials in poor
countries take bribes# -he fault lies not with the company which gives a bribe but the person who actually demands one# Ihy blame the companies for our own illsL

Mr# 3a$ai@anan4 Ihat about the money they take outL Mr# M/-+MM+. +RI,4 Ie have had a good discussion and I think it is time to sum up#
<ultinationals may have good points and some bad ones too! but competition is never harmful for anyone# Ie cannot live in a protected economy any longer# Ie have been protected for many years and the results are there for everyone to see# 2ather than be close about multinationals! let us invite

them in selected areas so that we get foreign investment in areas which we are lacking# Laws can be strictly enforced that companies operate within limits and do not start meddling in political affairs#

+na$y!i!9 -hough <r# <;5I:;51;5 started the discussion! he could not make any good points#
Later! he could not give any points about why multinationals are bad# It is also a bad strategy to say at the outset whether you are for or against the topic# 2emember! it is not a debate but a discussion# -he first step should always be to introduce the topic without taking sides# See the way in which the discussion is proceeding and give arguments for or against# -he observer is not interested in your beliefs but in what you is saying# -he participation of <r# <E23I5 + :;2-0I,: is below average# ; candidate must make )'A interventions# -heir arguments are also not well thought out and add nothing to the argument# It is important to say relevant things which make an impact rather

3'

than speak for the sake of speaking# -he arguments of <r#2#:rishna :umar! :anthavel and :rishna kumar are better# -hey seem to be aware of the role of multinational companies# <r#<ohammad ;rif +:amalesh approach is better as he intervenes a number of times# 0e has also taken initiative in the beginning and brought order to the group# If selection has to be made from the above six candidates! the obvious choice would be <r# :rishna kumar and :amalesh thereafter! <r#<ervin

4(

LANGUAGE LA9

ARTICLES
41

ARTICLES
,i$$ in t'e b$ank! wit' aBBroBriate artic$e!4

!.

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG declined and fall of YYYYYYYYYYY 2oman Empire# =ortunately! YYYYYYYYYY concise formulation of Edward 4ibbon serves as YYYYYYYYYYY widely accepted basis for YYYYYYYYYYYY model discussion of YYYYYYYYYYY problem#

".

YYYYYYYYYY <ilitary 4overnment was weakened and finally dissolved#

A# English is YYYYYYYYYYY interesting language#

4.

;fter they had finished their meal! they asked YYYYYYYYYYYYYY waiter the bill#

42

PREPOSITION

43

(RE(OSITION

,i$$ in t'e b$ank! wit' aBBroBriate 0reBo!ition!4

(# <ost shops are closed YYYYYYYYYYYYY Sundays# $# I have an appointment YYYYYYYYYYYYY &o>clock# )# <y ?irthday falls YYYYYYYYYYYYYY 6ctober# A# -he book is YYYYYYYYYYYYY table# @# She got YYYYYYYYYYYYYY the taxi#

44

TENSES

TENSES
,i$$ in t'e b$ank! wit' aBBroBriate Ten!e!4

(# Ie YYYYYYYYYYYY -v when it started to rain# FIatchG 45

$# -he sun YYYYYYYYYYYYYYY in the east# F2iseG

.

I YYYYYYYYYYYY to visit you yesterday! but you YYYYYYYYYYYYY not at home# Fwant! areG

A# -hey YYYYYYYYYYYYYY to London tomorrow# F4oG @# 0e YYYYYYYYYYYYYY=ive days a week# FworkG

46

1ER9
SUB+ECT,VERB A$$RE-ENT

,i$$ in t'e b$ank! wit' aBBroBriate Verb4

(# Some of the beads YYYYYYYYYYY Fis M areG missing#

4%

$# <y brother YYYYYYYYYYYYY Fis M areG an Engineer#

.

-he <ayor as well as his brothers YYYYYYYYYYYYY Fis M areG going to prison#

A# 5either my brother nor my father YYYYYYYYYYYYY Fis M areG going to sell the house#
4.

<y glasses YYYYYYYYYYYYY Fare M wereG on the bed#

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