CHEMISTRY PROJECT On Determination Of The Contents Of Cold Drinks

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PROJECT PREPARED BY:

Gaura v XI I

Session : 20082009

iCBSE

Boards Roll Number : 6229000 Mot er !ivine Sr" Se#" $ubli# S# ool

AIM

AIM

CERTIFICATE

CERTIFICATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to My Chemistry Teachers Mrs. Aditi, Mrs. Richa and Mrs. Shobhna in providing a helping hand in this project. Their valuable guidance, support and supervision all through this project titled Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks , are responsible !or attaining its present !orm.

Gaurav XII

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PURPOSE
In recent days, so!t drink brands were put into various "uestions regarding their purity. #ews !lashed that they contain harm!ul pesticide, which arouse many interest in knowing its contents because I have been drinking them !or years. I wanted to con!irm that whether the charge i posed on these brands are true or not. $nother !act which that I am in touch
knowledge with other !actors helped me to do so.

inspired me to do this project is with analysis "ualitativeco m whose

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS

I%. Test !or $lcohol %. Test !or &ucrose %I. 'esult com %II. Conclusion

INTRODUC TION
The era o! cold drinks began in ()*+ but the industriali, ation in India marked its beginning with launching o! -imca and .oldspot by parley group o! companies. &ince, the beginning o! cold drinks was highly pro!itable and luring,

any multination al companies launched their brands in India like /epsi and Coke.

#ow days, it is observed in general that majo people viewed &prite, Miranda,comand !eeling o! lightness, while /epsi and Thumps 0p to

activate pulse and brain.

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THEORY
Cold drinks o! di!!erent brands are composed o! alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These so!t drinks give !eeling o! warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible !or the !ormation o! !roth on shaking the bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to !orm carbonic acid which is also responsible !or the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic comp unds and are major source o! energy to our body. .eneral !ormula ! carb hydrates is C% 12+345.
monosaccharide with !ormulaC62(+36 .It occurs in 7ree &tate in the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet !ruits. It is also present in human blood to the extent o! about 8.(9. &ucrose is one o! the most use!ul disaccharides in our daily li!e. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in !lowers o! many plants. The main source o! sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain (*:+8 9 sucrose and sugar beet which has about (8:(; 9 sucrose. The molecular !ormula o! sucrose is C (+2++3((. It is produced by a m xture o! glucose and !ructose. It is non:reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by !inding their p2 value. The p2 values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.

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3n the basis o! their molecule si,e

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carbohydrates

are classi!ied as<:

Monosaccharide, =isaccharides and /olysaccharides. .lucose is a

APPARATUS
Test Tube Test Tube 2older Test Tube &tand & t o p > a t c h ? e a k e r ? u r n e r p 2 / a p e r
Tripod &tand

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China =ish

>ire .auge >ater ?ath

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REQUIRED
Iodine &olution /otassium Iodine &odium 2ydroxide 7ehling@s $ A ? &oluti n -ime >ater Concentrated 2#3B ?enedict &olution $mmonium Molybdate

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DETECTION OF PH
EXPERIME !
&mall samples o! cold drinks o! di!!erent brands were taken in a test tube and put on the p2 paper. The change in the color o! p2 paper was noticed and was compared with the standard p2 scale.

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&o!t drinks are generally acidic because o! the presence o! citric acid and phosphoric acid. p2 values o! cold drink o! di!!erent brands are di!!erent due to the variation in amount o! acidic contents.

TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE

EXPERIME !
$s soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed through lime water. The lime water turned ilky.

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C 3+ I& /'D&D#T C 3+ I& /'D&D#T C 3+ I& /'D&D#T

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REAC!I" I $"'$ED I %ERE CE

$ll the so!t drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide 1C3+4 d ssolves n water to !orm carbonic acid, which is responsible !or its tangy taste.

Ca1324+1s4 F C3+1g4 ::::::::::: CaC3B1s4 F 2+31s4

TEST FOR GLUCOSE

EXPERIME !
.lucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the !ollowing test<:

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C" C'(SI" "#S R$A!I"

'D==I&2 C3-30' /'DCI/IT$TD 'D==I&2 C3-30' /'DCI/IT$TD 'D==I&2 C3-30' /'DCI/IT$TD 'D==I&2 C3-30' /'DCI/IT$TD .-0C3&D I& /'D&D#T .-0C3&D I& /'D&D#T .-0C3&D I& /'D&D#T .-0C3&D I& /'D&D#T

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-. #E EDIC!S.S REAGE ! !ES!/0

&mall samples o! cold drinks o! di!!erent brands were taken in a test tube and a !ew drops o! ?enedict@s reagent were added. The test tube was heated !or !ew seconds. 7ormation o! reddish c l r n!irmed the presence o! glucose in cold drinks.

I %ERE CE
$ll the samples gave positive test !or glucose with ?enedict@s reagent. 2ence all the drinks contain glucose.

1. %E&'I G.S S"'(!I" !ES!

&mall samples o! cold drinks o! di!!erent brands were taken in a test tube and a !ew drops o! 7ehling@s $ solution and 7ehling@s ? solution was added in e"ual amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath !or (8 minutes. $ppearance o! brown precipitate con!irmed the presence o! glucose in cold drinks.

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' ==I&2 ?'3># /'DCI/IT$TD

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$ll the samples gave positive test !or glucose with 7ehling@s 1$ A ?4 solutions. 2ence all the cold drinks contain glucose.

TEST FOR PHOSPHATE

EXPERIME !
&mall samples o! each brand o! cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and $mmonium Molybdate !ollowed by concentrated #itric $cid 12#3 B4 was added to it. The solution was heated. $ppearance o! canary:yellow precipitate con!irmed the presence o! phosphate ions in cold drinks.

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$ll the so!t drinks samples gave positive test !or phosphate ions. 2ence all the cold drinks contain phosphate.

C&EMICA' REAC!I" I $"'$ED

#a2/3E F (+1#2E4+Mo3 F +(2#E#3B F (+2+3

TEST FOR ALCOHOL

EXPERIME !
&mall samples o! each brand o! cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and Iodine !ollowed by /otassium Iodide and &odium 2ydroxide 1#a324 solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath !or B8 minutes. $ppearance o! yellow colored precipitate con!irmed the presence o! alcohol in cold drinks

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5 --3> /'DCI/IT$TD 5D--3 > /'DCI/IT$TD 5D--3 > /'DCI/IT$TD

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iCBS E $ll the cold drinks samples gave positive test !or alcohol. 2ence all the cold
drinks contain glucose.

C&EMICA' REAC!I" I $"'$ED

C2BC2+32 F EI+ F 6#a32 :::::: C2IB F 2C33#a F *#aI F *2+3

TEST FOR SUCROSE

EXPERIME !
* ml samples o! each brand o! cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. ?lack colored residue le!t con!irmed the presence o! su#rose in cold drinks.

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su#rose

$ll the brands o! cold drinks contain . ?ut amount o! sucrose varies in each brand o! drink. 7anta contains highest amount o! sucrose.

RESULT
$!ter conducting several tests, it was concluded that the di!!erent brands o! cold drinks namely<
(. +. B. E.

Coca Cola &prite -imca 7anta

CARBON DIOXIDE

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$ll contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, ph sphate and carbon dioxide. $ll cold drinks are acidic in nature. 3n c mparing the p2 value o! di!!erent brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and -im a is least acidic o! all the !our brands taken.
$mong the !our samples

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o!cold drinks taken, &prite has

the maximum amount o! dissolved carbon dioxide and 7anta has the minimum amount o!

dissolved carbon dioxide.

CONCLUSION
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
( . &o!t drinks are little more harm!ul than sugar solution. $s they contain sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes patients. + . &o!t drinks can cause weight gain as they inter!ere with the body@s natural ability to suppress hunger !eeling. B . &o!t drinks have ability to diss lve the calcium so they are also harm!ul !or our bones. E . &o!t drinks contain phosphoric a id which has a p2 o! +.G. &o they can dissolve a nail in about E days * . 7or transportation o! so!t drinks syrup the commercial truck must use
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the ha,ardous matter place cards reserved !or highly consive material.

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&o!t drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harm!ul

to our body.

USES
( . + . B . E . Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners. They can remove rust spots !rom chrome car humpers. They clean corrosion !rom car battery terminals. &o!t drinks are used as an excellent Hdetergent@ to remove grease !rom clothes.

* . They can loose a rusted bolt.

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