Science Notes Year 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIT 2: SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES 2.

1 Survival of the Species - Species cies means same types of living things that can breed together. - Survival of the species means the ability of animals or plants to survive their species of this land. 2.2 Animals - To ensure the survival of their species, animals: (a) Laying eggs (b) Giving births to young - Animals that lay eggs are birds, hens, snails and others. - Animals that give to young are rats, cats, tigers, goats and others - Animals have their own ways to ensure the survival of their eggs and young, for example: (a) Birds lay eggs in nest on high trees (b) Hens and ducks lay hard shell eggs (c) Frogs lay slimy eggs (d) Some animals keep their eggs in the safety places: (i) In the soil, example grasshoppers. (ii) Under the leaves, example butterflies (iii) In the sand nd at seaside, example turtles (iv) In the chink of stones, example snails (e) Birds, hens, cats and dogs look their young (f) Kangaroos carry their young in their pouches (g) Scorpions carry their young on their bodies (h) Crocodiles hide their young in their mouth when their young are disturbed.

Science Notes Year 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.3 Plants - Plants have their own species characteristics in order to survive their species. - Plants disperse mature seeds far away from parent plants. This aims to prevent co competition among the young plants in order to get enough water, sunlight, spaces and mineral salts. - A mature seed is dispersing with various methods of dispersal, such as by water, by wind, by animals and by explosive mechanism

Science Notes Year 5 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Table 2 shows example of plants and their characteristics of seeds and fruits that dispersed by various methods. Method of dispersal Example of plants Characteristics of seeds and fruits By water Coconut Have air spaces Lotus Have non-porous skin Pong-pong Light By wind Lalang Angsana Shorea Light Have fine hairs Small Have wing-like structure Dry Have brightly coloured fruits Edible Fruits have juicy pulp Have fragrant smell Have thorns or hooks which can easily dig into animals fur or skin Ripe fruits become dry Fruits split and explode Mature seeds are thrown far away from parents plants -

By animals

Love grass Mango Guava Watermelon Tomato

By explosive mechanism

Balsam Rubber Chestnut Flame of the forest Ladys finger

2.4 Importance of survival of the Species - If some species of the animals or plants do not survive and become extinct, it will cause (a) Shortage of food resources (b) Extinction on other species.