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CARLETON UNIVERSITY
HONOUR STATEMENT:
I have neither given nor received any help on this exam, and I have not discussed the exam with anyone. I attest that all of the answers are my own work. My signature below indicates that I neither gave nor received unauthorized assistance on this assignment. Student Printed Name SECTION Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (no explanation required) Section 2: Multiple Choice Questions (full solution and/or detailed explanation required) Questions 1-18 19-24 Student Signature Value of Each Question 1 mark 3 marks TOTAL Total 18 marks 18 marks 36 marks
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NAME: ________________________________________ STUDENT NUMBER: _____________________ Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (no explanation required).
1. Combine power , diameter , pressure drop , and average velocity into a dimensionless group. Which of the combinations below would be the correct -group? a) b) c) d) / 2 / / / d/ d4 / d2 / 2 d /
2. Combine angular velocity , viscosity , diameter d, and density into a dimensionless group. Which of the combinations below would be the correct -group? a) b) c) d)
3. It is proposed that the velocity of a flow depends on diameter , length , gravity , rotational speed , and viscosity . In a dimensionless analysis of a flow velocity, which of the following could be omitted? a) b) c) d) both and
4. The head loss due to friction between fluid and a pipe can be expressed as: = 2 + 2
In this expression, which term(s) are pure constants? You may select more than one answer, but you will get points for this question only if all correct answers are indicated. a) b) c) d) HL 1/2, exponent 2 f HL 1/2, exponent 2 f
5. In the head loss expression shown in Question 4, which term(s) would be dimensional constants? a) b) c) d)
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7. If we want to test a scaled model ship in a tow tank, then which non-dimensional groups shall be the same between the prototype and the model? a) b) c) d) Re and We Fr and We Re and Fr Re only
8. A 1:10 scaled model of an aircraft wing is to be tested in a wind tunnel. If the wind tunnel test section speed is set up in a way, so that for an air particle to cover the distance of the model length takes the same time than it does for the full-size prototype aircraft, then: a) b) c) d) the model and the prototype are kinematically similar the model and the prototype are kinematically dissimilar the model and the prototype are dynamically similar the model and the prototype are geometrically dissimilar
9. The top speed of an F1 car is about 350 km/h. During the aerodynamic design of this car, the variation of the pressure and velocity between two points along a streamline needs to be determined. If we assume that the air temperature is 15C and that the ratio of specific heats is 1.4, and the gas constant is 287.053 J/kg/K, then for this F1 cars aerodynamic design: a) Bernoulli equation can be used b) Bernoulli equation cannot be used 10. If one wants to measure the entropy change of a system, then the experiment should feature sensors measuring: a) b) c) d) entropy directly pressure change only temperature change only both pressure change and temperature change
11. If one wants to measure the enthalpy change of a system, then the experiment should feature sensors measuring: a) b) c) d) enthalpy directly pressure change only temperature change only both pressure change and temperature change
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13. The statement that specific heat ratio of a fluid in a flow with large temperature gradients is constant is: a) true b) false c) true only if the flow is compressible d) false only if the flow is incompressible 14. The typical range of specific heat ratio for gases is between: a) 0.1 0.17 b) 1.0 1.7 c) 2.0 2.7 15. Consider the flow depicted in Fig. 1. If the velocity at point A is lower than the speed of sound, then the velocity variation of a particle moving along the streamline going through point A will follow the curve indicated by: a) curve a b) curve b c) curve c
Fig. 1. Velocity distribution along the stagnation streamline of the flow around a cylinder.
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18. To match the Reynolds number in an air flow and a water flow using the same size model, which flow will require the higher flow speed? How much higher must it be? Assume an air and water temperature of 20oC. a) b) c) d) e) Water will require the higher flow speed (by 1.5 times). Water will require the higher flow speed (by 15 times). Air will require the higher flow speed (by 1.5 times). Air will require the higher flow speed (by 15 times). Since the model is the same size for both flows, the velocity will also be the same.
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NAME: ________________________________________ STUDENT NUMBER: _____________________ Section 2: Multiple Choice Questions (full solution and/or detailed explanation required)
19. A thin jet stream of liquid breaks up into many separate droplets. It is proposed that the resulting droplet diameter depends on liquid density , viscosity , and surface tension , as well as the liquid jet speed and diameter . Using the Buckingham Pi Theorem, determine the dimensionless terms that characterize this process. a) b) c) d) 1 1 1 1 = / = / = / = / 2 2 2 2 = / = / = / = / 3 = 2 / 3 = 2 / 3 = / 3 = / 2
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p ( B + 1)( ) n B o po
with = 3000 and = 7, and where o and o are the standard atmospheric values (o = 101325 Pa, o = 1000 kg/m3). Use this relation to estimate the speed of sound in water at this extreme depth. a) b) c) d) 1910 m/s 1670 m/s 1103 m/s 341 m/s
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Part (2): The rotational frequency is going to be: a) b) c) d) 20 rpm 213 rpm 739 rpm 822 rpm
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Part (2): Will full dynamic similarity be achieved? a) b) c) d) Yes, since both Ma and Re are matched. Yes, since Re similarity and geometric similarity is maintained. No, since the ratio of specific heats ( ) is different for air and Helium. No, since the temperature is different for air and Helium.
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