Lshort KR

The Not So short
Introduction to LATEX 2
LATEX 2
142
LATEX 2
by Tobias Oetiker
Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl
Version 4.17, September 27, 2005
, MIKA,
4.17-kr, 2005
11
ii
Copyright 1995-2002 Tobias Oetiker and all the Contributers to LShort. All
rights reserved.
This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this document; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,
Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
(free)
GPL(
.
)
(FSF)
GNU
2
.
.
.
.
GNU GPL
GNU GPL
Free Soft-
ware Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
GNU
//www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html
(FDL)
. http:
LATEX
2.09
.
Hubert Partl
<partl@mail.boku.ac.at>
Zentraler Informatikdienst der Universitt fr Bodenkultur Wien
Irene Hyna
<Irene.Hyna@bmwf.ac.at>
Bundesministerium fr Wissenschaft und Forschung Wien
Elisabeth Schlegl
<noemail>
in Graz
Jrg Knappen
LATEX 2
. CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort/
german
iv
, comp.text.tex
.
.
.
.
.
.
Rosemary Bailey, Marc Bevand, Friedemann Brauer, Jan Busa, Markus Brhwiler,
Pietro Braione, David Carlisle, Jos Carlos Santos, Neil Carter, Mike Chapman,
Pierre Chardaire, Christopher Chin, Carl Cerecke, Chris McCormack,
Wim van Dam, Jan Dittberner, Michael John Downes, Matthias Dreier,
David Dureisseix, Elliot, Hans Ehrbar, Daniel Flipo, David Frey, Hans Fugal,
Robin Fairbairns, Jrg Fischer, Erik Frisk, Mic Milic Frederickx, Frank,
Kasper B. Graversen, Arlo Griffiths, Alexandre Guimond, Andy Goth,
Cyril Goutte, Greg Gamble, Frank Fischli, Morten Hgholm, Neil Hammond,
Rasmus Borup Hansen, Joseph Hilferty, Bjrn Hvittfeldt, Martien Hulsen,
Werner Icking, Jakob, Eric Jacoboni, Alan Jeffrey, Byron Jones, David Jones,
Johannes-Maria Kaltenbach, Michael Koundouros, Andrzej Kawalec,
Sander de Kievit, Alain Kessi, Christian Kern, Jrg Knappen, Kjetil Kjernsmo,
Maik Lehradt, Rmi Letot, Flori Lambrechts, Axel Liljencrantz, Johan Lundberg,
Alexander Mai, Hendrik Maryns, Martin Maechler, Aleksandar S Milosevic,
Henrik Mitsch, Claus Malten, Kevin Van Maren, Richard Nagy, Philipp Nagele,
Lenimar Nunes de Andrade, Manuel Oetiker, Urs Oswald, Martin Pfister,
Demerson Andre Polli, Maksym Polyakov Hubert Partl, John Refling,
Mike Ressler, Brian Ripley, Young U. Ryu, Bernd Rosenlecher, Chris Rowley,
Risto Saarelma, Hanspeter Schmid, Craig Schlenter, Gilles Schintgen,
Baron Schwartz, Christopher Sawtell, Miles Spielberg, Geoffrey Swindale,
Laszlo Szathmary, Boris Tobotras, Josef Tkadlec, Scott Veirs, Didier Verna,
Fabian Wernli, Carl-Gustav Werner, David Woodhouse, Chris York, Fritz Zaucker,
Rick Zaccone, and Mikhail Zotov.
LATEX [1]
.
. LATEX
TEX [2]
.
LATEX 2
LATEX
. LATEX
[1, 3]
.
.
LATEX 2
. LATEX
.
LATEX
.
LATEX
.
.
3
LATEX
. LATEX
.
LAT
EX
EPS
pdfLATEX
PDF
.
5
LATEX
.
LATEX
.
LATEX
,
(
. LATEX
)
vi
.
.
.
LATEX
PC
UNIX
VMS
LATEX
LATEX
Local Guide [5]
.
.
LAT
EX
LAT
EX
LATEX
Comprehensive TEX Archive Network(CTAN)

http://www.ctan.org
. ftp
ftp:
//www.ctan.org
.
tug.org (
ftp://ftp.ktug.or.kr (
), ftp://ftp.dante.de (
), ftp://ctan.
), ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk (
.
.
CTAN
.
.
URL
CTAN
CTAN:
LATEX
CTAN:/tex-archive/systems
.
LATEX
Tobias Oetiker
<oetiker@ee.ethz.ch>
Department of Information Technology and

Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort
iii
v
1
1
1
1.1
1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
6.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
6.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
6.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
LAT
EX
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
LAT
EX
17
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
viii
2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
4.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
4.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
4.3
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
4.4
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
4.5
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
4.6
(. . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
4.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
4.8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
5.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
5.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
5.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
5.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
5.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
6
7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
11.1
Itemize, Enumerate, Description
. . . . . . . . . . .
39
11.2
Flushleft, Flushright, Center
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
11.3
Quote, Quotation, Verse
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
11.4
Abstract
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
11.5
Verbatim
11.6
Tabular
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
13
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
49
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
ix
6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
7
8
, ...
71
1
EPS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
7.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
7.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
7.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
7.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
7.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
8.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
8.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
Verbatim
LATEX
pdfLATEX
7.1
PDF
DVIPDFMx
8.1
pdf
PDF
beamer class
93
1
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
2.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
2.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
98
. . . . . . . . . . . .
98
. . . . .
99
picture
2.6
\multiput
2.7
. \thinlines
2.8
2.9
2.10
\linethickness
\thicklines
. . . . . . . . . . . 100
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
x
2.11
3
6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
XY-pic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
LATEX
107
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
1.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
1.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
1.4
LATEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
1.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.1
2.2
2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
!
! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
3.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
3.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
4
5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
125
Index
127
1.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
1.3
LATEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
1.4
LATEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
2.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
2.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
2.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
3.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
3.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
3.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
3.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
3.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
3.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
3.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
3.8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
3.9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
3.10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3.11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3.12 AMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3.13 AMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3.14 AMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
3.15 AMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
3.16 AMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
2.6
xii
3.17 AMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
3.18 AMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
3.19
4.1
graphicx
4.2
Index Key
key
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
6.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.5
8.1
TEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
1.1
LATEX
1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
4.1
fancyhdr
4.2
beamer
6.1
Example Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
LATEX 2
LAT
EX
LATEX
1
1.1
TEX
TEX
(Donald E. Knuth)
[2].
.
TEX
1977
.
.
TEX
1982
, 1989
. TEX
3.141592
TEX
. TEX
.
tech
Loch
1
ch
ch
chi
Pech
ch
.
TEX
ch,1
Ach
ch
.
a
tex
ch
ch
(Wikipedia)
...
.
ch
tyekh
ach, loch
.
ch
2
X
. TEX
texnologia (technology)
1.2
TEX
TeX
LATEX
LATEX
TEX
. LATEX
. LATEX
LATEX TEX
(Leslie Lamport)
Mittelbach)
[1].
LATEX
1994
LATEX3
(Frank
LATEX
.
LAT
EX 2.09
.
LATEX 2
LATEX 2
. LATEX 2.09
.
LAT
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Lay-tech
. LATEX 2
Lah-tech
LaTeX
Lay-tech two e
LaTeX2e
2
2.1
,
.
(
)
.
.
.
LAT
LAT
EX
.
,
EX
LATEX
)
,
LATEX
WYSIWYG
2 What
3
you see is what you get.

Corel Word-Perfect [
TEX
,(
.
, MS Word
1.2
,
. WYSIWYG
.
.
LATEX
.
LATEX
.
.
2.2
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
WYSIWYG
.
LAT
EX
.
LATEX
2.3
WYSIWYG
LATEX
LAT
EX
,
.
.
,
.
. LATEX
.
.
.4
.
LATEX
. PostScript
.
Companion [3]
The LATEX
.
LATEX
. LATEX
LATEX 2
TEX
TEX
.
LATEX
.
,
;-)
LATEX
,
.5
.
4
5
,
LATEX3
. [
.
1.3 LATEX
LATEX
LATEX
(plain ASCII text)

(
, LATEX
.
3.1
(whitespace characters),
LATEX
(blank), (tab)
:linebreak)
(paragraph)
.
.
.
It does not matter whether you

enter one or several
spaces
after a word.
It does not matter whether you enter one or

several spaces after a word.
An empty line starts a new paragraph.
An empty line starts a new

paragraph.
3.2
LATEX
.
LATEX
.
#
&
(\)
.
# $ % & _ { }
\# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \~{}
{}
.
.
25
6
,
,
.
(\\)
\\
3.3
LATEX
LATEX
.
(letter)
(non-letter)
LATEX
{}
. {}
LATEX
I read that Knuth divides the

people working with \TeX{} into
\TeX{}nicians and \TeX perts.\\
Today is \today.
I read that Knuth divides the people working

with TEX into TEXnicians and TEXperts.
Today is 2005 11 5 .
(parameter)
.
.
{ }
(optional parameters)
,
.
[ ]
LATEX
You can \textsl{lean} on me!
You can lean on me!
Please, start a new line

right here!\newline
Thank you!
Please, start a new line right here!

Thank you!
6 \
$\backslash$
\textbackslash
1.4
3.4
LATEX
.
.
.
This is an % stupid
% Better: instructive <---example: Supercal%
ifragilist%
icexpialidocious
This is an example: Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
%
.
verbatim
.
comment
(preamble)
comment
\usepackage{verbatim}
This is another
\begin{comment}
rather stupid,
but helpful
\end{comment}
example for embedding
comments in your document.
This is another example for embedding comments in your document.
4
LATEX
.
\documentclass{...}
LATEX
.
.
7 comment
comment
. [
8
\usepackage{...}
,8
.
.
\begin{document}
LATEX
\end{document}
.
LATEX
.
.
1.1
LATEX
1.2
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Small is beautiful.
\end{document}
1.1:
LATEX
5
LATEX
.
GUI(
. LATEX
LATEX
.
LAT
EX
LAT
(graphic)
EX
.
LATEX
.
9
LAT
EX
1. LATEX
.
.
8 \documentclass
9
Unix
;-)
\begin{document}
.
(preamble)
Unix
1.5
9
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
% define the title
\author{H.~Partl}
\title{Minimalism}
\begin{document}
% generates the title
\maketitle
% insert the table of contents
\tableofcontents
\section{Some Interesting Words}
Well, and here begins my lovely article.
\section{Good Bye World}
\ldots{} and here it ends.
\end{document}
1.2:
.
ASCII
.
plain text
.
.tex
2.
LATEX
.dvi
LAT
EX
LATEX
. Ctrl-D
latex foo.tex
3.
DVI
.
.
xdvi foo.dvi &
X Window
Unix
(MiKTEX
.
) yap (Yet Another Previewer)

dvi
PostScript
Ghostscript
.
dvips -Pcmz foo.dvi -o foo.ps
LATEX
dvipdf
.dvi
10
pdf
dvipdf foo.dvi
6
6.1
LATEX
(type)
\documentclass
.
\documentclass[options]{class}
class
.
1.1
LAT
EX 2
. option
.
1.2
.
.
1.1:
article
proc article
.
minimal
.
.
report
(chapter)
.
.
book
slides
FoilTEX
a macros/latex/contrib/foiltex
.
.a
1.6
11
1.2:
.
10pt, 11pt, 12pt

10pt
a4paper, letterpaper, . . .
.
legalpaper
. letterpaper
a5paper, b5paper, executivepaper,
.
.
fleqn
.
leqno
titlepage, notitlepage
. article
report book
.
1
onecolumn, twocolumn
twoside, oneside
. article
.
report
.
, book
.
, twoside
.
(landscape)
landscape
.
/
openright, openany
.
(chapter)
. report
book
article
\documentclass[11pt,twoside,a4paper]{article}
LATEX
, A4
11
article

6.2
LATEX
.
,
, LATEX
12
.
\usepackage[options]{package}
, options
package
. LATEX 2
. (
1.3
.)
.
Local Guide [5]
. LATEX
The
EX Companion [3]
LAT
LAT
EX 2
.
TEX
texdoc
. Unix
.
6.3
(header)
(footer)
(page style)
. LATEX
.
\pagestyle{style}
1.4
.
\thispagestyle{style}
The LATEX Companion [3]
75
7
LATEX
.
TEX
.
.
.tex TEX
.sty LATEX
.
LATEX
. latex
. \usepackage
.
LATEX
1.7
13
1.3: LATEX
doc LATEX
doc.dtxa
.
The
EX Companion [3]
LAT
exscale
ltexscale.dtx
fontenc LATEX
ltoutenc.dtx
.
.
ifthen if. . . then do. . . otherwise do. . .

.
ifthen.dtx The LATEX Companion [3]
latexsym LATEX
(symbol)
. latexsym.dtx
latexsym
. 74
.
makeidx
LATEX Companion [3]
(
syntonly
inputenc
1, ISO Latin-2, IBM
, ANSI,
inputenc.dtx
437/850,
. ASCII, ISO Latin,

.
.
latex doc.dtx
dvi
.
1.4: LATEX
.
plain
.
headings
. (
empty
The
.)
.
14
TEX
.dtx
. LATEX
. .dtx
.dtx
LATEX
.
.ins .dtx
LATEX
.dtx
.ins
LATEX
.ins
.dtx
.
. \documentclass
.cls
.
.fd LATEX
.
LATEX
(device independent)
.dvi
. LATEX
. DVI
dvips
.
.log
.
.
.toc
LATEX
.
.lof .toc
.
.
.lot
.aux
.
.aux
LATEX
.idx
.
.idx
.
.
makeindex
74
.ind .idx
.
.ilg makeindex
1.8
15
8
. LATEX
\include{filename}
filename.tex
.
LAT
EX
filename.tex
.
(preamble)
\includeonly
. \include
LATEX
\includeonly{filename,filename,. . . }
\include
.
.
\include
. \includeonly
\include
.
.
\input{filename}
.
.
. LATEX
syntonly
(DVI)
. LATEX
.
\usepackage{syntonly}
\syntaxonly
DVI
(
)
LATEX 2
.
.
1
(
)
.
.
.
LATEX
. LATEX
LATEX
\\
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
LATEX
18
.
.
(
.(
.)
% Example 1
\ldots when Einstein introduced his formula
\begin{equation}
e = m \cdot c^2 \; ,
\end{equation}
which is at the same time the most widely known
and the least well understood physical formula.
% Example 2
\ldots from which follows Kirchhoffs current law:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{k=1}^{n} I_k = 0 \; .
\end{equation}
Kirchhoffs voltage law can be derived \ldots
% Example 3
\ldots which has several advantages.
\begin{equation}
I_D = I_F - I_R
\end{equation}
is the core of a very different transistor model. \ldots
.
. LATEX
LATEX
.
.
.
)
.
.
2.2
19
.
.
(chapter),
(section),
(subsection)
.
, \section{The Structure of Text and Language}
2
2.1
. LATEX
.
,
.
.
.
6
3.2
116
.
LATEX
\\
\newline
.
\\*
.
\newpage
.
\linebreak[n], \nolinebreak[n], \pagebreak[n], \nopagebreak[n]
0
. n
n
LATEX
break
LATEX
4
4
.
new
. break
.
20
.
LATEX
.
.
LATEX
overfull hbox
LATEX
1
. \sloppy
LATEX
.
.
hbox
underfull
.
.
LAT
EX
\fussy
2.2
LATEX
(hyphenate)
.
TEX
.
\hyphenation{word list}
-
.
LATEX
.
.
\begin{document}
,
babel
babel
.
hyphenation
TRAN, Fortran
Hyphenation
FOR-
fortran
.
:
\hyphenation{FORTRAN Hy-phen-a-tion}
.
\.
1L
AT
EX
(overfull hbox)
. \documentclass
draft
.
(,)
. [
2.3
21
)
. LATEX
.3
I think this is: su\-per\-cal\-%

i\-frag\-i\-lis\-tic\-ex\-pi\-%
al\-i\-do\-cious
I think this is: supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
\mbox{text}
.
My phone number will change soon.
It will be \mbox{0116 291 2319}.
My phone number will change soon. It will

be 0116 291 2319.
The parameter
\mbox{\emph{filename}} should
contain the name of the file.
\fbox
The parameter filename should contain the

name of the file.
\mbox
3
LATEX
.
\today
2005
11
\TeX
\LaTeX
TEX
LATEX
\LaTeXe
LATEX 2
LATEX
4
4.1
"
. LATEX
3 OT1
T1
CM
(grave accent)
.
babel
.
.
. [
22
(vertical quote)
.
.
Please press the x key.
Please press the x key.
LATEX
.
(back-tick
grave accent) ,
(vertical
quote)
4.2
LATEX
.
.
.
daughter-in-law, X-rated\\
pages 13--67\\
yes---or no? \\
$0$, $1$ and $-1$
daughter-in-law, X-rated
pages 1367
yesor no?
0, 1 and 1
-
.
4.3
()
.5 LATEX
.
\~
.
.
http://www.rich.edu/bush
http://www.clever.edu/demo
http://www.rich.edu/\~{}bush \\
http://www.clever.edu/$\sim$demo
url
. hyperref
\url
4
. [
()
.[
hyperref
2.4
23
.
.
\url{http://people.ktug.or.kr/~karnes/%
demo/lshort-kr/index.html}
4.4
http://people.ktug.or.kr/~karnes/demo/
lshort-kr/index.html
()
LATEX
Its $-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$.
I will soon start to
super-conduct.
textcomp
Its 30 C. I will soon start to superconduct.
\textcelsius
4.5
()
.
.
.
textcomp
\usepackage{textcomp}
.
\texteuro
.
eurosym
\usepackage[official ]{eurosym}
official
official
gen
.
(
ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/type/win/all
ftp://
.) europs
24
\EUR
.
marvosym
.
\EUR
.
2.1:
package
command
eurosym
\euro
[gen]eurosym
\euro
europs
\EUR
marvosym
\EUR
4.6
roman
sans-serif
e
A
C
e
e
A
C
c
typewriter
e
A
C
d
(. . . )
.
.
.
.6
\ldots
Not like this ... but like this:

New York, Tokyo, Budapest, . . .
Not like this ... but like this:\\

New York, Tokyo, Budapest, \ldots
4.7
.
(ligature)
ff fi fl ffi. . . instead of ff fi fl ffi . . .

6
. [
2.4
25
\mbox{}
.
.7
Not shelfful
but shelfful
\Large Not shelfful\\

but shelf\mbox{}ful
4.8
LATEX
2.2
.
.
, \i,
.
\j
H\^otel, na\"\i ve, \el\eve,\\

sm\o rrebr\o d, !Se\~norita!,\\
Sch\"onbrunner Schlo\ss{}
Stra\ss e
Htel, nave, lve,

smrrebrd, Seorita!,
Schnbrunner Schlo Strae
2.2:
\o
\=o
\o
\.o
\^o
\"o
\~o
\c c
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o.
\u o
\d o
\v o
\b o
oo
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\H o
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\aa
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\OE
\AA
\ae
\AE
\o
\i
\O
\j
\l
!
\L
?
.
. Computer Modern Roman
. [
26
5
LATEX
.
8
1.
Braams
. Johannes
babel
.
2.
LATEX
LAT
EX
,
.
Local Guide [5]
3.
(:)
.
\documentclass
.
babel
\usepackage[language]{babel}
LATEX
. babel
.
LATEX
, babel
.
.
babel
.
()
. babel
\"o
"o
babel
\usepackage[languageA,languageB ]{babel}
.
\selectlanguage{languageA}
2.5
27
.
LATEX
inputenc
\usepackage[encoding]{inputenc}
.
,
OS/2
132
228
, ISO-LATIN 1
,
cp1251 Cyrillic
.
.
.9
western Latin
Cyrillic
applemac
macukr
Mac
Unix
Windows
latin1
koi8-ru
ansinew
cp1251
cp850
cp866nav
DOS, OS/2
ucs
.
\usepackage{ucs}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
utf8
LATEX
.
TEX
.
.
.
fontenc
\usepackage[encoding]{fontenc}
encoding
.
9
inputenc.dtx
77
6
cyinpenc.dtx
.
28
LATEX
OT1
(Computer Modern) TEX

128
7
.
TEX
.
.
,
.
8
. T1
CM
Extended Cork (EC)

. LH
.
T2A, T2B, T2C,
10
X2
CB
LGR
. CM
,
CM
11
5.1
12
LATEX
.
HLATEX
LATEX
EUC-KR13
.14
10
[11]
11
3.20
lshort
13
EUC-KR
CP949(
CP949
.
. 4.17
12
LATEX
.
,

,
KS X 1001
. MS Windows
)
.
CP949
2350
.
.
.
HLATEX
LATEX
EUC-KR
. dhucs
14 HL
AT X
http://project.ktug.or.kr/hlatex/
E
KS
EUC-KR
EUC-KR
/UTF-8
.
.
2.5
29
15
. UHC
dhucs
UTF-8
.16
LAT
EX
27
(ucs
Dominique Unruh
)
unicode
UTF-8
HLATEX
, PDF
. dhucs
,
hLATEXp, Werner Lemberg

.
17
EUC-KR
EXp
A
HL TEX
. CJK
EUC-KR
UTF-8
(4.5.1
CJK
hLAT
.18
HLATEX, dhucs, hLATEXp

)
,
.
.
1.
.
text
ASCII
plain
.
EUC-KR
UTF-8
.
.
15
PostScript type 1
.
(Unified Hangul Code)
(Uns Hangul Composite Fonts)

.
.
16 dhucs
http://faq.ktug.or.kr/faq/DHUcs/
.
17
http://knot.kaist.ac.kr/htex/
CTAN:/tex-archive/language/
korean/CJK/
.
18 CJK
http://faq.ktug.or.kr/faq/CJKLaTeX/
.
30
2.
.
. HLATEX
type 1
UHC
UHC
dhucs
(truetype)
.
LATEX
,
LAT
EX
.
dhucs
.19
\usepackage[hangul,nonfrench]{dhucs}
dhucs
hangul
.
nojosa
. beamer
hanja
.
hangul
.
nonfrench
nonfrench-spacing
.
.
spacing
,
french-
.
.
dhucs
dhucs-interword
default
.
HWP
dhucs-setspace
hangul
dhucs-gremph \itshape
.
bfemph
, PDF
dhucs
. dhucs
dhucs
LATEX
//www.ktug.or.kr
19
KTUG(Korean TEX User Group)

http://faq.ktug.or.kr/mywiki
UTF-8
http:
.
.
2.5
31
2.3:
\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
5.2
By Demerson Andre Polli
<polli@linux.ime.usp.br>
.
\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}
brazilian
.
.
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
.
2.3
Mac
DOS
latin1
5.3
By Daniel Flipo
<daniel.flipo@univ-lille1.fr>
LATEX
.
\usepackage[frenchb]{babel}
french
babel
frenchb
francais
32
LATEX
.
Chapitre
\chapter
, \today
.
.
2.4
2.4:
\og guillemets \fg{}
guillemets
M\up{me}, D\up{r}
Mme , Dr
1\ier{}, 1\iere{}, 1\ieres{}
1er , 1re , 1res
2\ieme{} 4\iemes{}
2e 4es
\No 1, \no 2
No 1, no 2
20~\degres C, 45\degres
20 C, 45
\bsc{M. Durand}
M. Durand
\nombre{1234,56789}
1 234,567 89
. babel
frenchb
LATEX
frenchb.dvi
frenchb.dtx
.
5.4
LATEX
.
\usepackage[german]{babel}
, LATEX
.
Chapter
Kapitel
inputenc
.
2.5
. Inputenc
.
.
(guillemets)
.
.
2.5
33
2.5:
"a
"s
"
"
"< or \flqq
"> or \frqq
\flq
\frq
\dq
"
\flq
OT1
T1
.(\usepackage[T1]{fontenc})
5.5
By Maksym Polyakov
<polyama@myrealbox.com>
babel 3.7h
T2*
LAT
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fontenc
inputenc
mathtext
.
fontenc
20
\usepackage{mathtext}
\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}
\usepackage[koi8-ru]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english,bulgarian,russian,ukranian]{babel}
babel
.
.
.
babel
.
,
babel
(\frenchspacing
,
20 A
MS-LATEX
.
fontenc
babel
34
.
),
2.6
2.6: babel
disable ligature at this position.

an explicit hyphen sign, allowing hyphenation in the rest of the word.
Cyrillic emdash in plain text.
Cyrillic emdash in compound names (surnames).
Cyrillic emdash for denoting direct speech.
like "-, but producing no hyphen sign (for compound words with hyphen, e.g.x-""y or some other signs as disable/enable).
for a compound word mark without a breakpoint.
for a compound word mark with a breakpoint, allowing hyphenation
in the composing words.
thinspace for initials with a breakpoint in following surname.
for German left double quotes (looks like ,,).
for German right double quotes (looks like ).
for French left double quotes (looks like <<).
for French right double quotes (looks like >>).
"|
""--"--~
"--*
""
"~
"=
",
"
"
"<
">
babel
\Asbuk
\Alph
\asbuk
\alph
(
)
\enumBul
\Alph
\enumLat (\enumEng)
. \enumBul
\alph
\enumEng
.
6
LATEX
.
. LATEX
.
.
.
2.7
,
.
35
~
\@
.
Mr.~Smith was happy to see her\\

cf.~Fig.~5\\
I like BASIC\@. What about you?
Mr. Smith was happy to see her

cf. Fig. 5
I like BASIC. What about you?
\frenchspacing
LATEX
.
. \frenchspacing
\@
,
,
(subsection)
(chapter),
(section),
. LATEX
.
.
article
\section{...}
\subsection{...}
\subsubsection{...}
\paragraph{...}
\subparagraph{...}
(part)
.
\part{...}
report
book
36
.
\chapter{...}
article
, article
.
LAT
EX
,
.
.
\part
\appendix
,
.
21
LATEX
.
.
.
\tableofcontents
LATEX
*
.
, \section{Help}
\section*{Help}
.
.
.
\chapter[Title for the table of contents]{A long
and especially boring title, shown in the text}
.
\maketitle
.
\title{...}, \author{...}
\date{...}
. \author
\maketitle
21 article
2.8
37
.
\and
9
1.2
LAT
EX 2
book
,
.
.
\frontmatter
\begin{document}
.( : \chapter*{Preface})
.
.
\mainmatter
.
.
\appendix
.
,
\backmatter
.
8
,
,
.
LAT
EX
\label{marker }, \ref{marker } and \pageref{marker }
marker
,
\label
. \pageref
. LATEX \ref
,
,
,
.22
\label
.
A reference to this subsection

\label{sec:this} looks like:
see section~\ref{sec:this} on
page~\pageref{sec:this}.
22
A reference to this subsection looks like: see

section 8 on page 37.
. \label
.
38
9
.
\footnote{footnote text}
.
23
,
.
24
Footnotesa are often used by people using

LATEX.
Footnotes\footnote{This is
a footnote.} are often used
by people using \LaTeX.
a This
is a footnote.
10
.
\underline{text}
.26 LATEX
.
\emph{text}
.
\emph{If you use
emphasizing inside a piece
of emphasized text, then
\LaTeX{} uses the
\emph{normal} font for
emphasizing.}
23
If you use emphasizing inside a piece of emphasized text, then LATEX uses the normal font
for emphasizing.
24
.
.
?25
25
.
26
\footnotemark \footnotetext{...}
,

(
,
. [
.
. [
]
]
2.11
39

LATEX
\textit{You can also

\emph{emphasize} text if
it is set in italics,}
\textsf{in a
\emph{sans-serif} font,}
\texttt{or in
\emph{typewriter} style.}
You can also emphasize text if it is set in

italics, in a sans-serif font, or in typewriter
style.
11
\begin{environment}
text
\end{environment}
environment
.
\begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa}
.
11.1
Itemize
Itemize, Enumerate, Description

, enumerate
, description
.
\flushleft
\begin{enumerate}
\item You can mix the list
environments to your taste:
\begin{itemize}
\item But it might start to
look silly.
\item[-] With a dash.
\end{itemize}
\item Therefore remember:
\begin{description}
\item[Stupid] things will not
become smart because they are
in a list.
\item[Smart] things, though, can be
presented beautifully in a list.
\end{description}
\end{enumerate}
1. You can mix the list environments to

your taste:
But it might start to look silly.
- With a dash.
2. Therefore remember:
Stupid things will not become smart
because they are in a list.
Smart things, though, can be
presented beautifully in a list.
40
11.2
Flushleft, Flushright, Center
Flushleft
flushright
. Center
. \\
LATEX
\begin{flushleft}
This text is\\ left-aligned.
\LaTeX{} is not trying to make
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\begin{flushright}
This text is right-\\aligned.
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\begin{center}
At the centre\\of the earth
\end{center}
11.3
At the centre
of the earth
Quote, Quotation, Verse
Quote
A typographical rule of thumb

for the line length is:
\begin{quote}
On average, no line should
be longer than 66 characters.
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This is why \LaTeX{} pages have
such large borders by default and
also why multicolumn print is
used in newspapers.
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This is why LATEX pages have such large borders by default and also why multicolumn
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2.11
41
I know only one English poem by

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Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall:\\
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.\\
All the Kings horses and all
the Kings men\\
Couldnt put Humpty together
again.
\end{verse}
\end{flushleft}
11.4
I know only one English poem by heart. It is

about Humpty Dumpty.
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall:
Humpty Dumpty had a great
fall.
All the Kings horses and all the
Kings men
Couldnt put Humpty together
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20 GOTO 10
42
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2.11
43
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Welcome to Boxys paragraph.
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27
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27
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44
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B
K
N
Q
\triangleleft
\triangleright
\star
\ast
\circ
\bullet
\diamond
\uplus
\amalg
\dagger
\ddagger
\wr
3.10
65
3.6:
!
F
J
M
C
G
K
N
\sum
\prod
\coprod
\int
D
H
\bigcup
\bigcap
\bigsqcup
\oint
\bigvee
\bigwedge
E
I
L
O
\bigoplus
\bigotimes
\bigodot
\biguplus
3.7:
C
E
G
!
\leftarrow or \gets
\rightarrow or \to
\leftrightarrow
\Leftarrow
\Rightarrow
\Leftrightarrow
\mapsto
\hookleftarrow
\leftharpoonup
\leftharpoondown
\rightleftharpoons
=
=
`
D
F
H
\longleftarrow
\longrightarrow
\longleftrightarrow
\Longleftarrow
\Longrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow
\longmapsto
\hookrightarrow
\rightharpoonup
\rightharpoondown
\iff (bigger spaces)
_
a
b
c
d
(
\uparrow
\downarrow
\updownarrow
\Uparrow
\Downarrow
\Updownarrow
\nearrow
\searrow
\swarrow
\nwarrow
\leadsto a
_
'
i
\Uparrow
\Downarrow
\Updownarrow
\| or \Vert
\rceil
latexsym
3.8:
(
[
{
&
f
/
(
[ or \lbrack
\{ or \lbrace
\langle
\lfloor
/
)
]
}
e
g
\
)
] or \rbrack
\} or \rbrace
\rangle
\rfloor
\backslash
(
|
h
\uparrow
\downarrow
\updownarrow
| or \vert
\lceil
. (dual. empty)
3.9:
\lgroup
\arrowvert
S
S
\rgroup
\Arrowvert
\lmoustache
\bracevert
\rmoustache
66
3.10:
...
!
j
\dots
\hbar
\Re
\forall
\nabla
\bot
\diamondsuit
\neg or \lnot
o
R
s
..
.
\cdots
\imath
\Im
\exists
\prime
\triangle
\top
\heartsuit
\flat
..
\vdots
\jmath
\aleph
\mho a
\emptyset
\Box a
\angle
\clubsuit
\natural
\ddots
\ell
\wp
\partial
\infty
\Diamond a
\surd
\spadesuit
\sharp
O
.
latexsym
3.11:
.
\dag
\ddag
\S
\P
\copyright
\pounds
\textregistered
\%
3.12: AMS
#
|
\ulcorner
\lvert
$
|
\urcorner
\rvert
%
'
\llcorner
\lVert
&
'
\lrcorner
\rVert
3.13: AMS
"
\digamma
\varkappa
\beth
\gimel
&
\daleth
3.10
67
3.14: AMS
'
(
+
.
4
7
=
?
\lessdot
\leqslant
\eqslantless
\leqq
\lll or \llless
\lesssim
\lessapprox
\lessgtr
\lesseqgtr
\lesseqqgtr
(
)
,
/
5
8
>
@
\gtrdot
\geqslant
\eqslantgtr
\geqq
\ggg or \gggtr
\gtrsim
\gtrapprox
\gtrless
\gtreqless
\gtreqqless
'
*
0
3
6
9
<
\doteqdot or \Doteq
\risingdotseq
\fallingdotseq
\eqcirc
\circeq
\triangleq
\bumpeq
\Bumpeq
\thicksim
\thickapprox
A
C
F
,
J
M
!
/
T
W
Z
\preccurlyeq
\curlyeqprec
\precsim
\precapprox
\subseteqq
\Subset
\sqsubset
\therefore
\shortmid
\smallsmile
\vartriangleleft
\trianglelefteq
B
D
G
K
N
"
0
U
X
[
\succcurlyeq
\curlyeqsucc
\succsim
\succapprox
\supseteqq
\Supset
\sqsupset
\because
\shortparallel
\smallfrown
\vartriangleright
\trianglerighteq
+
E
H
I
L
O
.
S
V
Y
\
\approxeq
\backsim
\backsimeq
\vDash
\Vdash
\Vvdash
\backepsilon
\varpropto
\between
\pitchfork
\blacktriangleleft
\blacktriangleright
3.15: AMS
]^^
d
g
j
m
p
r
u
1
x
\dashleftarrow
\leftleftarrows
\leftrightarrows
\Lleftarrow
\twoheadleftarrow
\leftarrowtail
\leftrightharpoons
\Lsh
\looparrowleft
\curvearrowleft
\circlearrowleft
^^_
e
h
k
n
!
s
v
2
y
\dashrightarrow
\rightrightarrows
\rightleftarrows
\Rrightarrow
\twoheadrightarrow
\rightarrowtail
\rightleftharpoons
\Rsh
\looparrowright
\curvearrowright
\circlearrowright
`
c
f
i
l
o
q
t
w
\multimap
\upuparrows
\downdownarrows
\upharpoonleft
\upharpoonright
\downharpoonleft
\downharpoonright
\rightsquigarrow
\leftrightsquigarrow
68
3.16: AMS
6
9
<
?
B
E
H
K
Q
T
W
Z
]
`
c
f
\nless
\lneq
\nleq
\nleqslant
\lneqq
\lvertneqq
\nleqq
\lnsim
\lnapprox
\nprec
\npreceq
\precneqq
\precnsim
\precnapprox
\subsetneq
\varsubsetneq
\nsubseteq
\subsetneqq
7
:
=
@
C
F
I
L
O
R
U
X
[
^
a
d
g
\ngtr
\gneq
\ngeq
\ngeqslant
\gneqq
\gvertneqq
\ngeqq
\gnsim
\gnapprox
\nsucc
\nsucceq
\succneqq
\succnsim
\succnapprox
\supsetneq
\varsupsetneq
\nsupseteq
\supsetneqq
5
8
;
>
A
G
J
M
P
S
V
Y
\
_
b
e
h
\varsubsetneqq
\varsupsetneqq
\nsubseteqq
\nsupseteqq
\nmid
\nparallel
\nshortmid
\nshortparallel
\nsim
\ncong
\nvdash
\nvDash
\nVdash
\nVDash
\ntriangleleft
\ntriangleright
\ntrianglelefteq
\ntrianglerighteq
i
l
\nleftarrow
\nLeftarrow
j
m
\nrightarrow
\nRightarrow
k
n
\nleftrightarrow
\nLeftrightarrow
3.17: AMS
z
o
}

\dotplus
\ltimes
\Cup or \doublecup
\veebar
\boxplus
\boxtimes
\leftthreetimes
\curlyvee
{
p
~
\centerdot
\rtimes
\Cap or \doublecap
\barwedge
\boxminus
\boxdot
\rightthreetimes
\curlywedge
|
q
r
\intercal
\divideontimes
\smallsetminus
\doublebarwedge
\circleddash
\circledcirc
\circledast
3.10
69
3.18: AMS
!
u
w
\hbar
\square
\vartriangle
\triangledown
\lozenge
\angle
\diagup
\nexists
\eth
v
x
)
\hslash
\blacksquare
\blacktriangle
\blacktriangledown
\blacklozenge
\measuredangle
\diagdown
\Finv
\mho
\Bbbk
\circledS
\complement
\Game
\bigstar
\sphericalangle
\backprime
\varnothing
3.19:
ABCDEabcde1234
ABCDEabcde1234
ABCDEabcde
ABCDE
A BC DE
ABCDEabcde1234
ABCDEtYV\h
\mathrm{ABCDE abcde 1234}

\mathit{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathnormal{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathcal{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathscr{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathfrak{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathbb{ABCDE abcde 1234}
mathrsfs
amsfonts or amssymb
amsfonts or amssymb
LATEX
,
.
LATEX Manual [1]
LATEX
EPS
LATEX
. figure
table
EX
LAT
LAT
EX
5
The
EX Companion [3]
LAT
.
EX Manual [1]
LAT
.
1
,
LATEX
LATEX
.
PostScript (EPS)
. EPS
2
PostScript
D. P. Carlisle
.
graphicx
graphics 3
1 XFig,
CorelDraw!, Freehand, Gnuplot, . . . .

GhostScript
support/ghostscript
.
(Windows)
.
3 macros/latex/graphics
2 PostScript
OS/2
.
GSview
72
PostScript
graphicx
,
.
1.
.4
EPS
2.
graphicx
\usepackage[driver ]{graphicx}
dvi
driver
postscript
. TEX
dvips
driver
. driver
graphicx
,
.dvi
.eps
3.
file
\includegraphics[key=value, . . . ]{file}
key
value
. key
.
4.1
key
4.1: graphicx
key
width
height
angle
scale
.
\begin{figure}
\centering
4
EPS
EPS
,
EPS
.
.
PostScript
Apple LaserWriter
EPS
.
.
EPS
4.2
73
\includegraphics[angle=90, width=0.5\textwidth]{test}
\caption{A caption, explaining that this is a test.}
\end{figure}
90
test.eps
0.5
.
.
118
6.5
[9]
[13]
2
(bibliography)
thebibliography
.
\bibitem[label ]{marker }
marker
\cite{marker }
Partl [1] has proposed that . . .
Partl~\cite{pa} has
proposed that \ldots
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{pa} H.~Partl:
\emph{German \TeX},
TUGboat Volume~9, Issue~1 (1988)
\end{thebibliography}
Bibliography
[1] H. Partl: German TEX, TUGboat Volume 9, Issue 1 (1988)
label
\begin{thebibliography}
.
{99}
74
99
LATEX
.5
BibTEX
BibTEX
TEX
.
. BibTEX
,
. BibTEX
(style sheets)
,
.
3
(index)
. LATEX
makeindex6
.
.

LATEX
amble)
.
,
(pre-
makeidx
\usepackage{makeidx}
,
\makeindex
\index{key}
key
\index
\index
.
4.2
LATEX
\index
,
LAT
EX
widest-label
, \bibitem
.
8
.idx
. widest-label
label
\cite
. [
label
6
key
]
makeidx
4.4
75
4.2: Index Key
\index{hello}
\index{hello!Peter}
\index{Sam@\textsl{Sam}}
\index{Lin@\textbf{Lin}}
\index{Jenny|textbf}
\index{Joe|textit}
\index{eolienne@\eolienne}
hello, 1
Peter, 3
Sam, 2
Lin, 7
Jenny, 3
Joe, 5
olienne, 4
hello
(accents)
.idx
makeindex
,
makeindex filename
makeindex
.
.ind
LAT
EX
\printindex
.
LAT
EX 2
.
showidx
.
\index
.
My Word \index{Word}. As opposed
to Word\index{Word}. Note the
position of the full stop.
My Word . As opposed to Word. Note the

position of the full stop.
4
Piet van Oostrum
fancyhdr
.
.
7 CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr
8
header
footer
. [
.
]
76
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
% with this we ensure that the chapter and section
% headings are in lowercase.
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} % delete current setting for header and footer
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseries\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt} % make space for the rule
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\fancyhead{} % get rid of headers on plain pages
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % and the line
}
4.1: fancyhdr
, LATEX
\rightmark
.
\chapter
\rightmark, \leftmark
.
\sectionmark
\chaptermark,
,
\subsectionmark
\rightmark
\markleft
,
chapter
(renew)
, \chaptermark
.
.
fancyhdr
.
\leftmark
4.1
.
Verbatim
.
verbatim
.
verbatim
verbatim
verbatim
verbatim
.
4.6 LATEX
77
, verbatim
,
. verbatim
\verbatiminput{filename}
(ACSCII text)
, verbatim
.
tools
verbatim
,
.
[10]
LATEX
LATEX
.
CTAN(http://www.ctan.org/)
.
geometry, hyphenat
.
.ins
.dtx
readme.txt
,
.
.
(a)
TEX
, (b)
.
1. LATEX
.ins
.sty
.
2.
TEX
.../localtexmf /tex/latex
.sty
.
. (
OS/2
. )
3.
.
.
LATEX
teTeX, fpTeX
mktexlsr
. MiKTeX
GUI
10
texhash
web2c
initexmf -update-fndb
.
UNIX
.
10 MiKTeX Options
OS/2
. [
mo
. [
(/)
]
78
.
.dtx
1. .dtx
LATEX
.dvi
LAT
EX
.
2. LATEX
.idx
5
.
3.
.
makeindex -s gind.ist name
(name
.)
4. .dtx
LATEX
5.
.ps
.pdf
.
.
.glo(glossary)
5
makeindex -s gglo.ist -o name.gls name.glo

5
LATEX
.dtx
.
pdfLATEX
By Daniel Flipo
<Daniel.Flipo@univ- lille1.fr>
PDF
(hypertext)
(hyperlink)
.
. LATEX
\ref
(table of content),
\pageref
(index)
.
HTML(HyperText Markup Language)
.
.
1. HTML
4.7 pdf LATEX
79
,11
.
2. HTML
O/S,
.
LAT
EX
.
LATEX
HTML
LATEX
.
.
LATEX
.
PDF(Portable
Document Format)
.
PDF
.
(O/S)
PDF
DVI
PS
Acrobat Reader
PDF
Xpdf
7.1
PDF
LATEX
, Hn Th Thnh
PDF
pdfTEX
pdfTEX
pdfTEX
TEX
DVI
. TEX DVI
. LATEX
pdfLATEX
.
teTEX, fpTEX, MikTEX, TEXLive, CMacTEX
.
PDF
pdfLATEX
PDF
(command line)
latex file.tex
.
pdflatex file.tex
TEX
.
LAT
EX
documentclass
.
pdfLAT
EX
a4paper
letterpaper
pdfTEX
pdf
.
11 MathML
. [
80
12
hyperref
.
.
\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth
\pdfpageheight=\paperheight
LATEX
pdfLATEX
7.2
pdfLATEX
(PK bitmaps, TrueType, PostScript type 1. . . )

,
LATEX
PK
Acrobot Reader
PostScript Type 1
.
.
TEX
,
Computer Modern
Sky Research
AMSFonts
PostScript Type 1
Y&Y, Inc.
Blue
1997
TEX
,
.
LATEX
(28
EC, LH
CB
). Vladimir Volovich
OT1
EC/TC, EC Concrete, EC Bright, LH

super
cmCTAN:/tex-archive//fonts/
, TEXLive7 MikTEX
Apostolos Syropoulos
ps-type1/cm-super
. CB Greek type 1
CTAN:/tex-archive//tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb
.
Blue Sky
CM
.
Blue Sky/Y&Y
Y&Y
Type1
(auto-hinting)
type 1 CM
,
EC/LH/CB
.
,
aeguill
(Almost European Computer Modern with Guillemets)

.
EC
12 82
\usepackage{aeguill}
AE
4.7 pdf LATEX
81
mltex
pdfTEX
.13
mltex
MlTEX AE
EC
CM
256
TEX
CM
type 1
T1
.
AE
Acrobat Reader
(Find)
PDF
.
C1
.
.
vsu.ru/pub/tex/font-packs/c1fonts
Bluesky
BaKoMa
ftp://ftp.
CTAN
CM type 1
CMCYR type 1
Paradissa
. Paradissa
C1
CM
PostScript type 1
Acrobat Reader
.
.
CM
.
times, helvetica, courier
)
.
CM
PostScript
. palatino
times
pxfonts
.
txfonts
.
\usepackage{pxfonts}
:
.log file
Warning: pdftex (file eurmo10): Font eurmo10 at ... not found

PDF
.
, type 1
EC
13 mltex
CTAN:/tex-archive/systems/generic/mltex
CM
,
. [
82
Latin Modern(LM)
TEX
(preamble)
\userpackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{textcomp}
PDF
7.3
71
. pdfLATEX
graphicx
pdftex driver
\usepackage[pdftex]{color,graphicx}
color
PostScript (EPS)
PdfLATEX
. \includegraphics
. pdftex
driver
graphicx
,
.eps
.
EPS
epstopdf
.png, .pdf, .jpg, .mps(METAPOST)
PDF
.
.
.
PNG
JPEG
, PDF
. PNG
. JPEG
.
METAPOST
. METAPOST
TEX
7.4
.
hyperref

hyperref
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
.
.
4.7 pdf LATEX
83
pdftex
\hypersetup{options}
.
pdftex
,
.
hyperref
14
(default values)
.
.
bookmarks (=true,false )
Acrobat
unicode (=false,true )
.
pdftoolbar (=true,false ) Acrobat
(toolbar)
pdfmenubar (=true,false ) Acrobat
pdffitwindow (=true,false ) pdf

pdftitle (={text}) Acrobat
Document Info
.
pdfauthor (={text}) PDF
pdfnewwindow (=true,false )
.
colorlinks (=false,true ) (false)
, (true)
link
link
link
. (
.)
linkcolor (=red) sections, pages
citecolor (=green) bibliography
link
filecolor (=magenta)
urlcolor (=cyan) e-mail, web
URL
14 hyperref
pdfTEX
PDF special
Adobe Distiller PS
.
dvips
PDF
PS
LATEX
DVI
.
84
,
\usepackage[pdftex,bookmarks,colorlinks]{hyperref}
PDF
.
.
.
\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{colorlinks=false}
.
\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{colorlinks,%
citecolor=black,%
filecolor=black,%
linkcolor=black,%
urlcolor=black,%
pdftex}
PDF
Document Info
.
\usepackage[pdfauthor={Pierre Desproges},%
pdftitle={Des femmes qui tombent},%
pdftex]{hyperref}
.
\href{url }{text}
.
The \href{http://www.ctan.org}{CTAN} website.
CTAN
. CTAN
CTAN
.
, URL
\href{manual.pdf}{
\href
4.7 pdf LATEX
85
, manual.pdf
.
. (
.)
\author
\href
.
\author{Mary Oetiker $<$\href{mailto:mary@oetiker.ch}%

{mary@oetiker.ch}$>$
.
\href{mailto:mary@oetiker.ch}{Mary Oetiker}
Acrobat
7.5
.
! pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with the same identifier
(name{page.1}) has been already used, duplicate ignored
.
, book
\mainmatter
(chapter)
.
,
(preface)
page 1
.
hyperref
plainpages=false
.
hypertexnames=false
(index)
7.6
(bookmark)
LATEX
. hyperref
.
Package hyperref Warning:

Token not allowed in a PDFDocEncoded string:
86
.
\texorpdfstring{TEX text}{Bookmark Text}
.
\section{\texorpdfstring{$E=mc^2$}%
{E\ =\ mc\texttwosuperior}}
E=mc
\section{$E=mc^2$}
.
.
\section{\textcolor{red}{Red !}}
redRed!
(red)
. \textcolor
.
\section{\texorpdfstring{\textcolor{red}{Red !}}{Red\ !}}

.
7.6.1
LATEX
pdf LATEX
LATEX
pdfLATEX
.
.
\includegraphics

.
.
, pdfLATEX
PDF
,
. LATEX
.
.png, .pdf, .jpg, .mps
.eps
ifpdf 15
.
MiKTEX
.
\ifpdf
.
PostScript
PDF
.
15
cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=ifpdf
, TEX FAQ
http://www.tex.ac.uk/
4.8 DVIPDFMx
PDF
87
\ifpdf
\usepackage{aeguill}
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx,color}
\usepackage[pdftex,colorlinks]{hyperref}
\else
\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\usepackage[dvips]{hyperref}
\fi
, PDF
hyperref
.
\href
\href
.
TEXLive
pdftex
graphics.cfg
color.cfg
graphicx
dvips
color
DVIPDFMx
By KTUG lshort translation project team
16
PDF
<info@mail.ktug.or.kr>
pdfLATEX
pdf
.
1. pdfLATEX
pdf
.
2.
(embed)
.ttc
.
3.
HLATEX
pdf
)
.
pdfLATEX
pdf
dhucs
.
17
.
16
17 HL
AT
EX 1.0
hfont
.
)
.
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(
pdf
hyperref
88
.18
pdfTEX
pdf
.
DVIPDFMx
Mark Wicks
(ChoF)
dvipdfm
http://project.ktug.
.
or.kr/dvipdfmx
KTUG
MiKTEX
W32TEX
MiKTEX
.
ftp
. DVIPDFMx
Metapost
, ConTeXt
, PDF
.
DVIPDFMx
dvi
pdf
pdf
dvi
dvi
pdfTEX
pdf
pdf
LAT
EX
19
#> latex foo

#> dvipdfmx foo
8.1
pdf
pdf
DVIPDFMx
. dhucs
\special
.
\usepackage{dhucs-ucshyper}
hyperref
hyperref
. hyperref
\hypersetup
.
DVIPDFMx
.
tounicode
CMap
UTF8-UCS2
20
CMap
TEX
.
texhash
\usepackage[dvipdfm,...,CJKbookmarks,...]{hyperref}
\AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf: tounicode UTF8-UCS2}}
18
pdfTEX
pdfTEX
19 pdf
Adobe Distiller
20 teT X 3.0
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subfont
.
subfont
.
3
latex
dvi
GhostScript ps2pdf
fonts/cmap
. [
]
dvi
pdf
dvips
ps
.
4.8 DVIPDFMx
PDF
89
hyperref
.
dvipdfm(dvipdfmx
CJKbookmarks
dvi
pdf special
. tounicode
.
pdf
bookmarks
pdf
CMap
8.2
DVIPDFMx
.eps
.
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pdfLATEX
.pdf
.png, .jpg
.
\usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx}
graphicx
dvipdfm
DVIPDFMx
dvipdfmx
.
\usepackage{graphicx}
\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.jpg,.pdf}
\DeclareGraphicsRule{.jpg}{eps}{.bb}{}
jpg, png, pdf
.bb
(bounding box)
.
.
ebb
#> ebb foo.pdf
foo.pdf
foo.bb
8.3
PostScript
UHC
21
pdf
.
UHC PostScript
22
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.
.
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GPL
http://kldp.net/projects/unfonts
90
.
KTUG(http:
.
//www.ktug.or.kr)
DVIPDFMx
pdfTEX
.
beamer
pdfLATEX
pstricks
PostScript
9
DVIPDFMx
.
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pstricks
pros-
per
beamer class
By Daniel Flipo
<Daniel.Flipo@univ- lille1.fr>
(OHP)
,
.
pdfLATEX
beamer
.
PDF
PowerPoint
,
Acrobat Reader
.
beamer
graphicx, color,
.
hyperref
4.2
PDFLATEX
PDF
.
.
prosper
PostScript
ppower4
.
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beamer
.
beamer
.
(<, >)
.
.
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PDF
trans
23 pstricks
DVIPDFMx
3
dvips
pdftricks
pdfTEX
pdfLATEX
.
DVIPDFMx
.
.
pstricks
4.9 beamer class
91
\documentclass[10pt]{beamer}
\mode<beamer>{%
\usetheme[hideothersubsections,right,width=22mm]{Goettingen}
}
\title{Simple Presentation}
\author[D. Flipo]{Daniel Flipo}
\institute{U.S.T.L. \& GUTenberg}
\titlegraphic{\includegraphics[width=20mm]{USTL}}
\date{2005}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}<handout:0>
\titlepage
\end{frame}
\section{An Example}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Things to do on a Sunday Afternoon}
\begin{block}{One could \ldots}
\begin{itemize}
\item walk the dog\dots \pause
\item read a book\pause
\item confuse a cat\pause
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
and many other things
\end{frame}
\end{document}
4.2: beamer
handout
beamer
.
\documentclass[10pt,handout]{beamer}
.
. beamer
,
beamer
4.2
beameruserguide.pdf
.
92
\mode<beamer>
(navigation panel)
Goettingen
(
22mm)
. hideothersubsections
(chapter)
(subsection)
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.
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\title{}, \author{}, \institute{}, \titlegraphic{}
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Goettin-
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gen
\section{}, \subsection{}

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frame
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itemize
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.
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.
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beameruserguide.pdf
.
,
http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net/
beamer
.
LATEX
.
.
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.
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1
LATEX
picture
.
LATEX Manual [1]

.
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, LATEX picture
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.
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2
(quadratic
Bzier curve)
.
LAT
Java
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\qbezier
.
picture
LAT
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,
,
.
epic
eepic (The LATEX Companion [3]

picture
pstricks
LATEX
.
picture
pstricks
94
. pstricks
pspicture
PostScript
.
The LATEX Graphics Compan)

.
ion [4](The LATEX Companion [3]

LATEX
.
METAPOST
. METAPOST
METAFONT
METAFONT
. METAPOST
METAFONT
PostScript
(EPS)
LAT
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A Users Manual for MetaPost [15]
.
[17]
.
LATEX
TEX
TEX Unbound [16]
)
.
picture
By Urs Oswald
<osurs@bluewin.ch>
2.1
picture
\begin{picture}(x, y). . . \end{picture}
\begin{picture}(x, y)(x0 , y0 ). . . \end{picture}
x, y, x0 , y0
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picture
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1pt
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(x0 , y0 )
.
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5.2 picture
95
,
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2.2
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.
picture
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. Graphics in
LATEX 2 [17]
Java
2.5
\thicklines
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\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$}
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F =
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\end{picture}
\linethickness
5.2 picture
99
\multiput(x, y)(x, y){n}{object}
. \linethickness
.
2.7
. \thinlines
\thicklines
\multiput(0,0)(1,0){7}%
{\line(0,1){4}}
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100
2.8
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(40,32)[bl]{% definition
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definition
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}
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\linethickness{1mm}
\qbezier(2.5,2)(5.5,0.5)(5,3)
\thinlines
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102
S = (x, y)
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x = m2 x2 m1 x1 (y2 y1 ) ,
m2 m1
y = yi + mi (x xi )
(i = 1, 2).
Java
(5.1)
Graphics in LATEX 2 [17]
2.10
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\put(0,3.35){\makebox(0,0){$y$}}
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(2.0,2.7622)
\qbezier(0.0,0.0)(-1.2384,0.0)
(-2.0,2.7622)
\linethickness{.075mm}
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m = 3.6269
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(1.2384, 0)
5.3 XY-pic
103
1
.
.
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picture
\begin{picture}(4.3,3.6)(-2.5,-0.25)
(2.5, 0.25)
2.11
\begin{picture}(6,4)(-3,-2)
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\put(2.7,-0.1){$\chi$}
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{\line(1,0){0.2}}
\multiput(-2.5,-1)(0.4,0){13}
{\line(1,0){0.2}}
\put(0.2,1.4)
{$\beta=v/c=\tanh\chi$}
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(2,0.9640)
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(-2,-0.9640)
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By Alberto Manuel Brando Simes
<albie@alfarrabio.di.uminho.pt>
xy
.
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options
XY-pic
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.
2
104
.
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LATEX
XY
XY-pic
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.
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22
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5.3 XY-pic
105
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106
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LAT
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.
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108
LATEX
lscommand
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1.1
.
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definition
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0
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Introduction to LATEX 2 "
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6.1
109
. \renewcommand
.
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\providecommand
,
\newcommand
LATEX 2
.
LATEX
1.2
\newcommand
\newenvironment
\newenvironment{name}[num]{before}{after }
. before
\newenvironment
. after
.
\end{name}
\newenvironment
\newenvironment{king}
{\rule{1ex}{1ex}%
\hspace{\stretch{1}}}
{\hspace{\stretch{1}}%
\rule{1ex}{1ex}}
My humble subjects . . .
\begin{king}
My humble subjects \ldots
\end{king}
num
. LATEX
\newcommand
,
, \renewenvironment
.
.
\newenvironment
. \rule
124
, \stretch
117
117
. \hspace
1.3
.
110
LATEX
(block)
\ignorespaces
.
. \ignorespacesafterend
LATEX
\ignorespaces
.
\newenvironment{simple}%
{\noindent}%
{\par\noindent}
See the space

to the left.
\begin{simple}
See the space\\to the left.
\end{simple}
Same\\here.
Same
here.
\newenvironment{correct}%
{\noindent\ignorespaces}%
{\par\noindent\ignorespacesafterend}
\begin{correct}
No space\\to the left.
\end{correct}
Same\\here.
1.4
No space
to the left.
Same
here.
LATEX
Unix
Makefile
LATEX
.
.
\usepackage{ifthen}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\blackandwhite}{true}}{
% "black and white" mode; do something..
}{
% "color" mode; do something different..
}
LATEX
latex \newcommand{\blackandwhite}{true}\input{test.tex}
6.2
111
\blackandwhite
\input
. \blackandwhite
false
.
\blackandwhite
1.5
,
.
LATEX
.
\usepackage
.
% Demo Package by Tobias Oetiker

\ProvidesPackage{demopack}
\newcommand{\tnss}{The not so Short Introduction to \LaTeXe}
\newcommand{\txsit}[1]{The \emph{#1} Short
Introduction to \LaTeXe}
\newenvironment{king}{\begin{quote}}{\end{quote}}
6.1: Example Package.
.sty
,
\ProvidesPackage{package name}
. \ProvidesPackage
LATEX
,
.
6.1
.
2
2.1
LATEX
( /
.
, ...)
112
LATEX
.
6.1
6.2
,
.
6.3
{\small The small and

\textbf{bold} Romans ruled}
{\Large all of great big
\textit{Italy}.}
The small and bold Romans ruled
great big Italy.
all of
LATEX 2
.
,
)/
(
.
.
.
6.4
.
({)

.
.
LATEX
6.1:
\textrm{...}
\texttt{...}
roman
typewriter
\textsf{...}
sans serif
\textmd{...}
medium
\textbf{...}
bold face
\textup{...}
\textsl{...}
upright
slanted
\textit{...}
\textsc{...}
italic
Small Caps
\emph{...}
emphasized
\textnormal{...}
document font
6.2:
\tiny
\scriptsize
\footnotesize
\small
\normalsize
\large
tiny font
very small font
quite small font
small font
normal font
large font
\Large
\LARGE
\huge
\Huge
larger font
very large font
huge
largest
6.2
113
6.3:
size
\tiny
\scriptsize
\footnotesize
\small
\normalsize
\large
\Large
\LARGE
\huge
\Huge
10pt (default)
5pt
7pt
8pt
9pt
10pt
12pt
14pt
17pt
20pt
25pt
11pt option
6pt
8pt
9pt
10pt
11pt
12pt
14pt
17pt
20pt
25pt
12pt option
6pt
8pt
10pt
11pt
12pt
14pt
17pt
20pt
25pt
25pt
He likes {\LARGE large and

{\small small} letters}.
He likes
large and small letters.
.
(\par
\\)
}
\par
1 \par
6.4:
\mathrm{...}
\mathbf{...}
\mathsf{...}
\mathtt{...}
\mathit{...}
\mathcal{...}
\mathnormal{...}
Roman Font
Boldface Font
Sans Serif Font
Typewriter Font
Italic Font
CALLIGRAPHIC FONT
N ormal F ont
114
LATEX
{\Large Dont read this! It is not

true. You can believe me!\par}
Dont read this! It is not true.

You can believe me!
{\Large This is not true either.

But remember I am a liar.}\par
This is not true either. But remember I am a liar.
(environment)
.
\begin{Large}
This is not true.
But then again, what is these
days \ldots
\end{Large}
This is not true. But then

again, what is these days . . .
.
2.2
!
,
.
LATEX
. LATEX
.
\newcommand
.
\newcommand{\oops}[1]{\textbf{#1}}
Do not \oops{enter} this room,
its occupied by a \oops{machine}
of unknown origin and purpose.
Do not enter this room, its occupied by a

machine of unknown origin and purpose.
\textbf
. \textbf
.
(
\textbf
)
.
\oops
.
6.3
115
2.3
.2
you
Remember The M
RE fonts
more readable and beautiful it becom
es.
in a document,
use
the
3
3.1
,
linespread
\linespread{factor }
.
,
1.3
factor
(
) \linespread{1.6}
.
.3
\linespread
.
\baselineskip
.
\setlength{\baselineskip}{1.5\baselineskip}
{\setlength{\baselineskip}%
{1.5\baselineskip}
This paragraph is typeset with the
baseline skip set to 1.5 of what
it was before. Note the par command
at the end of the paragraph.\par}
This paragraph has a clear purpose,
it shows that after the curly brace
has been closed, everything is back
to normal.
This paragraph is typeset with the baseline

skip set to 1.5 of what it was before. Note
the par command at the end of the paragraph.
This paragraph has a clear purpose, it shows
that after the curly brace has been closed, everything is back to normal.
setspace
2
,
. [
1.3
1.75
.
. [
116
LATEX
3.2
LATEX
.
.
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.5ex minus 0.2ex}
0
.
plus
TEX
minus
.
.
.
.
\tableofcontents
.
.
.4
\indent
\parindent
.
.
\noindent
\section
4
( )
indentfirst
.
tools
6.3
117
3.3
LATEX
.
.
\hspace{length}
\hspace
) \hspace*
. length
,
6.5
This\hspace{1.5cm}is a space
of 1.5 cm.
This
is a space of 1.5 cm.
.
\stretch{n}
stretch
\hspace{\stretch{n}}
.
x\hspace{\stretch{1}}
x\hspace{\stretch{3}}x
em
ex
big y
{\Large{}big\hspace{1em}y}\\
{\tiny{}tin\hspace{1em}y}
tin
3.4
(paragraph),
(section),
.
(subsection)

LATEX
.
\vspace{length}
.
\vspace
\vspace*
118
LATEX
6.5: TEX
millimetre 1/25 inch
centimetre = 10 mm
inch = 25.4 mm
point 1/72 inch 13 mm
approx width of an M in the current font
approx height of an x in the current font
mm
cm
in
pt
em
ex
\stretch
\pagebreak
.
Some text \ldots

\vspace{\stretch{1}}
This goes onto the last line of the page.\pagebreak

\\[length]
.
\bigskip
\smallskip
4
LATEX 2
\documentclass
,
.
6.2
tools
.5
layout
! ...
.
.
5 macros/latex/required/tools
LATEX
6.4
119
C
A
C
A
Margin
Notes
A
L
CHeader
A
Body
8 B 9L
B
L 8
10
8
B
3L
B
B 1L8
1
3
5
7
9
11
C
A
L
Footer
11
one inch + \hoffset

\oddsidemargin = 28pt
or \evensidemargin
\headheight = 13pt
\textheight = 598pt
\marginparsep = 7pt
\footskip = 25pt
\hoffset = 0pt
\paperwidth = 597pt
6.2:
2
4
6
8
10
one inch + \voffset

\topmargin = 23pt
\headsep = 18pt
\textwidth = 345pt
\marginparwidth = 115pt
\marginparpush = 5pt (not shown)
\voffset = 0pt
\paperheight = 845pt
120
LATEX
MS
LATEX
.
.
66 (
LATEX
66
.
.
.
.
.
,
LAT
EX
.
.
\setlength{parameter }{length}
.
\addtolength{parameter }{length}
\setlength
.
1
.
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-0.5cm}
\addtolength{\textwidth}{1cm}
.
calc
\setlength
.
.
LATEX
.
(
)
.
.
\textwidth
6
6.6
121
(text)
vari-
able
\settoheight{variable}{text}
\settodepth{variable}{text}
\settowidth{variable}{text}
.
\flushleft
\newenvironment{vardesc}[1]{%
\settowidth{\parindent}{#1:\ }
\makebox[0pt][r]{#1:\ }}{}
\begin{displaymath}
a^2+b^2=c^2
\end{displaymath}
a2 + b2 = c2
Where: a, b are adjoin to the right angle
of a right-angled triangle.
\begin{vardesc}{Where}$a$,
$b$ -- are adjoin to the right
angle of a right-angled triangle.
c is the hypotenuse of the triangle

and feels lonely.
d finally does not show up here at
all. Isnt that puzzling?
$c$ -- is the hypotenuse of

the triangle and feels lonely.
$d$ -- finally does not show up
here at all. Isnt that puzzling?
\end{vardesc}
. \settowidth
vardesc
(#1)
\parindent
:\
.
.
Where
. \settowidth
\newlength
.
6
LATEX
.
,
.
.
122
LATEX
.
,
TEX
LATEX
.
,
, tabular
.
.
\includegraphics
.
(textwidth)
.
.
,
\parbox[pos]{width}{text}
\begin{minipage}[pos]{width} text \end{minipage}
pos
c, t
. width
. minipage
parbox
, parbox
minipage
.
.
\parbox
.
,
\mbox
.
\mbox
,
.
\makebox[width][pos]{text}
.7
width
\width, \height, \depth, \totalheight
. pos
text
,
c, l, r, s
7
0pt
center(
,
6.6
123
), flushleft (
), flushright(
)
spread(
),
\framebox
\makebox
.
\makebox
\framebox
.
\makebox[\textwidth]{%
c e n t r a l}\par
\makebox[\textwidth][s]{%
s p r e a d}\par
\framebox[1.1\width]{Guess Im
framed now!} \par
\framebox[0.8\width][r]{Bummer,
I am too wide} \par
\framebox[1cm][l]{never
mind, so am I}
Can you read this?
c e n t r a l
s
Guess Im framed now!

Bummer, I am too wide
never mind,
Can you
so am
readI this?
(horizontal)
.
8
(vertical)
LAT
EX
\raisebox{lift}[extend-above-baseline][extend-below-baseline]{text}
.
, \width, \height, \depth, \totalheight
text
.
\raisebox{0pt}[0pt][0pt]{\Large%
\textbf{Aaaa\raisebox{-0.3ex}{a}%
\raisebox{-0.7ex}{aa}%
\raisebox{-1.2ex}{r}%
\raisebox{-2.2ex}{g}%
\raisebox{-4.5ex}{h}}}
he shouted but not even the next
one in line noticed that something
terrible had happened to him.
Aaaaaaa
he shouted but not even
rgline noticed that something
the next one in
terrible had happened to him.
h
124
LATEX
7
.
\rule[lift]{width}{height}
.
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}%
\rule[-1mm]{5mm}{1cm}%
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}%
\rule[1mm]{1cm}{5mm}%
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}
.
.
\rule
(\rule{0pt}{height})
.
strut
.
. tabular
.
\begin{tabular}{|c|}
\hline
\rule{1pt}{4ex}Pitprop \ldots\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{4ex}Strut\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Pitprop . . .
Strut
(row)
[1] Leslie Lamport.
LATEX: A Document Preparation System.
Addison-
Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1994, ISBN 0-201-529831.

[2] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, Volume A of Computers and Typesetting,
Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1984, ISBN 0201-13448-9.
[3] Frank Mittelbach, Michel Goossens, Johannes Braams, David Carlisle,
and Chris Rowley. The LATEX Companion, (2nd Edition). Addison-Wesley,
Reading, Massachusetts, 2004, ISBN 0-201-36299-6.
[4] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz and Frank Mittelbach.
Graphics Companion.
The LATEX
Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1997,
ISBN 0-201-85469-4.
[5] LATEX
LATEX Local Guide

.
.
.
local.tex
LATEX
.
[6] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 for authors. usrguide.tex
LATEX 2
.
[7] LATEX3 Project Team.
clsguide.tex
LATEX 2 for Class and Package writers.

LATEX 2
[8] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 Font selection. fntguide.tex

LATEX 2
.
[9] D. P. Carlisle. Packages in the graphics bundle. graphics
grfguide.tex
, LATEX
126
[10] Rainer Schpf, Bernd Raichle, and Chris Rowley. A New Implementation
of LATEXs verbatim Environments. tools
verbatim.dtx
. LATEX
[11] Vladimir Volovich, Werner Lemberg and LATEX3 Project Team. Cyrillic
languages support in LATEX. cyrguide.tex
LATEX 2
.
[12] Graham Williams. The TeX Catalogue
TEX
LATEX
. CTAN:/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.
.
html
[13] Keith Reckdahl. Using EPS Graphics in LATEX 2 Documents,

EPS
LATEX
EPS
. CTAN:/tex-archive/info/epslatex.
ps
[14] Kristoffer H. Rose. XY-pic Users Guide. XY-pic

.
CTAN
[15] John D. Hobby. A Users Manual for MetaPost. http://cm.bell-labs.

.
com/who/hobby/
[16] Alan Hoenig. TEX Unbound. Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19509685-1; 0-19-509686-X (pbk.)
[17] Urs Oswald. Graphics in LATEX 2 , (
Java
torial.
http://www.ursoswald.ch
picture
), MetaPost A Tu.
", 21
abstract, 41
", 34
Acrobat Reader, 79
"-, 34
acute, 25
"---, 34
\addtolength, 120
"<, 34
, 25
"=, 34
aeguill, 80
">, 34
\Alph, 34
", 34
\alph, 34
$, 49
amsbsy, 61
$, 49
amsfonts, 51, 69
$, 49
amsmath, 50, 51, 5456, 58, 59, 61
\,, 51, 56
-, 22
, 22
\-, 20
, 22
amssymb, 51, 63
\and, 37
ansinew, 27
\appendix, 36, 37
applemac, 27
, 22
\ar, 104
., space after, 35
\arccos, 53
. . . , 24
\arcsin, 53
\:, 56
\arctan, 53
\;, 56
\arg, 53
\@, 35
array, 56, 57
\[, 50
article
, 10
\\, 19, 40, 42, 118
\Asbuk, 34
\\*, 19
\asbuk, 34
\], 50
\author, 36, 85
~, 35
B5 paper, 11
A4 paper, 11
babel, 20, 21, 26, 33, 34
A5 paper, 11
\backmatter, 37
, 25
\backslash, 6
128
base font size, 11
color, 82, 87, 90
\baselineskip, 115
comment, 7
beamer, 30, 90, 91
comment, 7
\begin, 39, 94, 103
comments, 7
\bibitem, 73, 74
\cos, 53
bibliography, 73
\cosh, 53
\Big, 55
\cot, 53
\big, 55
\coth, 53
\Bigg, 55
cp1251, 27
\bigg, 55
cp850, 27
\biggl, 59
cp866nav, 27
\biggr, 59
\csc, 53
\bigskip, 118
\binom, 54
\date, 36
dcolumn, 43
block, 92
\ddots, 55
bm, 61
decimal alignment, 43
\bmod, 53
bold face, 112
\deg, 53
bold symbols, 51, 61
\depth, 122, 123
\boldmath, 61
\boldsymbol, 61
book
, 10
brazilian, 31
calc, 120
\caption, 46, 47
\cdot, 53
\cdots, 55
Center, 40
\chapter, 36
\chaptermark, 76
\ci, 107
\circle, 97
\circle*, 97
\cite, 73, 74
CJK, 29
description, 39
\det, 53
Deutsch, 32
dhucs, 2830, 88
\dim, 53
displaymath, 50
\displaystyle, 59
doc, 13
document font size, 11
\documentclass, 10, 11, 14, 20
dotless and , 25
double sided, 11
\dq, 33
\dum, 107
eepic, 93, 97
\emph, 38, 112
\cleardoublepage, 46
empty, 12
\clearpage, 46
Encapsulated PostScript, 71, 82
\cline, 42
encodings
129
font
.dtx, 14
LGR, 28
.dvi, 14, 72
OT1, 28
.eps, 72
T1, 28, 33
.fd, 14
T2*, 33
.idx, 14, 75
T2A, 28, 33
.ilg, 14
T2B, 28
.ind, 14, 75
T2C, 28
.ins, 14
X2, 28
.lof, 14
.log, 14
input
.lot, 14
ansinew, 27
.sty, 12, 77
applemac, 27
.tex, 9, 12
cp1251, 27
.toc, 14
cp850, 27
cp866nav, 27
koi8-ru, 27, 33
latin1, 27
macukr, 27
utf8, 27
\end, 39, 94
\enumBul, 34
\enumEng, 34
enumerate, 39
\enumLat, 34
epic, 93
eqnarray, 57
\eqref, 50
equation, 50
\EUR, 24
fancyhdr, 75, 76
\fbox, 21
Figure, 44
figure, 45
\flq, 33
\flqq, 33
Flushleft, 40
flushright, 40
foiltex, 10
\foldera, 101
\folderb, 101
font
\footnotesize, 112
\Huge, 112
\huge, 112
europs, 23
\LARGE, 112
eurosym, 23
\Large, 112
executive paper, 11
\large, 112
\exp, 53
\mathbf, 113
exponent, 52
\mathcal, 113
exscale, 13, 55
\mathit, 113
extension
\mathnormal, 113
.aux, 14
\mathrm, 113
.cls, 14
\mathsf, 113
130
\mathtt, 113
\frqq, 33
\normalsize, 112
\fussy, 20
\scriptsize, 112
\small, 112
\textbf, 112
\textit, 112
\textmd, 112
\textnormal, 112
\textrm, 112
\textsc, 112
\textsf, 112
\gcd, 53
geometry, 77
GhostScript, 71
graphicx, 71, 82, 87, 89, 90
grave, 25
HLATEX, 2830, 87, 132
\headheight, 119
textttheadings, 12
\textsl, 112
\headsep, 119
\texttt, 112
\height, 122, 123
\textup, 112
\hline, 42
\tiny, 112
\hom, 53
font encodings, 27
LGR, 28
OT1, 28
T1, 28, 33
T2*, 33
T2A, 28, 33
T2B, 28
T2C, 28
X2, 28
font size, 112
fontenc, 13, 27, 33
\footnote, 38, 47
\footnotemark, 38
horizontal
dots, 55
line, 52
space, 117
\href, 84, 85, 87
\hspace, 109, 117
\Huge, 112
\huge, 112
hyperref, 22, 79, 82, 83, 8790
hypertext, 78
hyphenat, 77
\hyphenation, 20
\idotsint, 56
\footnotesize, 112
ifpdf, 86
\footnotetext, 38
\ifpdf, 86
\footskip, 119
formulae, 49
\frac, 53
frame, 92
ifthen, 13
\ignorespaces, 110
\ignorespacesafterend, 110
\iiiint, 56
\framebox, 123
\iiint, 56
\frenchspacing, 33, 35
\iint, 56
\frontmatter, 37
\include, 15
\frq, 33
\includegraphics, 72, 82, 86, 122
131
\includeonly, 15
latin1, 27
\indent, 116
layout, 118
indentfirst, 116
\ldots, 24, 55
index, 74
\left, 55
\index, 74, 75
left alighted, 40
\leftmark, 76
\inf, 53
\input, 15, 111
input encodings
ansinew, 27
legal paper, 11
letter paper, 11
\lg, 53
applemac, 27
LGR, 28
cp1251, 27
ligature, 24
cp850, 27
\lim, 53
cp866nav, 27
\liminf, 53
koi8-ru, 27, 33
\limsup, 53
latin1, 27
\line, 96, 101
macukr, 27
\linebreak, 19
utf8, 27
\linespread, 115
inputenc, 13, 27, 33
\linethickness, 98, 99, 101

\listoffigures, 46
\int, 54
international, 26
\listoftables, 46
italic, 112
\ln, 53
Itemize, 39
\log, 53
long equations, 57
\ker, 53
longtable, 44
Knuth, Donald E., 1

koi8-ru, 27, 33
\label, 37, 50
Lamport, Leslie, 2
lscommand, 107
macukr, 27
\mainmatter, 37, 85
\makebox, 122, 123
\LARGE, 112
makeidx, 13, 74
\Large, 112
makeidx package, 74
\large, 112
LAT
EX
\LaTeX, 21
\makeindex, 74
, 3
makeindex program, 74
\maketitle, 36
LATEX 2.09, 2
\marginparpush, 119
LATEX 2 , 2
\marginparsep, 119
LATEX3, 2, 4
\marginparwidth, 119
\LaTeXe, 21
latexsym, 13
\markleft, 76
marvosym, 24
132
math, 49
\nonumber, 58
math font size, 59
\nopagebreak, 19
math spacing, 56
\normalsize, 112
\mathbb, 51
\not, 64
\mathbf, 113
\oddsidemargin, 119
\mathcal, 113
, 25
mathematical
one column, 11
accents, 52
delimiter, 55
functions, 53
minus, 22
OT1, 28
\oval, 99, 101
\overbrace, 52
\mathit, 113
\mathnormal, 113
\mathrm, 59, 113
mathrsfs, 69
overfull hbox, 20
\overleftarrow, 53
\overline, 52
\overrightarrow, 53
\mathsf, 113
mathtext, 33
package, 11
\mathtt, 113
packages
\max, 53
\mbox, 21, 25, 51, 122
METAPOST, 82
aeguill, 80
page style, 12
empty, 12
\min, 53
minimal
option, 10
, 10
minipage, 122
Mittelbach, Frank, 2
mltex, 81
mltex, 81
\multicolumn, 43
\multiput, 95, 98, 99
headings, 12
plain, 12
\pagebreak, 19
\pageref, 37, 78
\pagestyle, 12
paper size, 11, 79
\paperheight, 119
\paperwidth, 119
\newcommand, 108, 109
\par, 113
\newenvironment, 109
\paragraph, 35
\newlength, 121
\parbox, 122
\newline, 19
parbox, 122
\newpage, 19
\parindent, 116, 121
\newsavebox, 100
\parskip, 116
\newtheorem, 60
\part, 35, 36
\noindent, 116
PDF, 78
\nolinebreak, 19
PDFLATEX, 90
133
pdfLATEX, 80, 90
\right, 55, 57
pdfLAT
\right., 55
EX, 79
pdfTEX, 79
\rightmark, 76
roman, 112
pdftricks, 90
\phantom, 47, 58
picture, 93, 94, 97, 98
plain, 12
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134
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138
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139
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fontenc, 13, 27, 33

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graphicx, 71, 82, 87, 89, 90
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hyphenat, 77
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(v. 4.17)
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