EDGE - Enh anc ed Data r at es f or GSM Ev olutio n

"Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution" is the correct term for EDGE.

EDGE is a new air-interface technology, to offer third-generation data rates for the global
evolution of GSM and TDMA to 3G. EDGE uses 8 Phase Shift Keying Modulation (8-PSK), rather
than normal GSM Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK). This will offer 48 kbits/s per GSM
timeslot.

The catch is that EDGE requires higher radio signal quality than that found in an average GSM
network before higher data throughput can be reached. This means more base stations
(especially indoor) and infrastructure build-out for established GSM operators that wish to migrate
to EDGE

EDGE enables services like multimedia emailing, Web infotainment and video conferencing to be
easily accessible from wireless terminals. EDGE is designed for migration into existing GSM and
TDMA networks, enabling operators to offer multimedia and other IP-based services at speeds of
up to 384 kbits/s (possibly 473 kbits/s in the future) in wide area networks. An important
attraction of EDGE is the smooth evolution and upgrade of existing network hardware and
software, which can be introduced into an operator's current GSM or TDMA network in existing
frequency bands.

GPRS - General Packet Radio Service

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a data service designed for second generation GSM and
PCS networks. It uses a packet radio principle to carry end user's packet data protocol like IP or
X.25 information from mobiles to external packet data networks and visa versa. GPRS optimises
the use of radio and network resources. Separation between the base station subsystem and
network subsystem is maintained and the network subsystem can be reused with other services.
GPRS radio channel reservation and allocation is done flexible from 1 to 8 radio interface timeslots
per TDMA frame and timeslots are shared by all the active users. Up and downlink are allocated
separately. The radio interface resources are shared dynamically between data and speech
services according to operator's preference and base station load.

Several radio channel coding schemes are specified to allow data rates from 9 kbits/s up to 171
kbits/s and eventually 384 kbits/s per user. The available bandwidth per channel depends upon
which coding scheme is used. CS1 provides connectivity under "all conditions" and delivers a user
throughput of up to 9.05 kbits/s, While CS4 requires excellent radio signal (Carrier to Interference
ratio of 27 dB) and delivers a user throughput of up to 21.4 kbits/s.

GPRS is designed to support intermittent and bursty data transfers and occasional transmission of
large volumes of data, and point-to-point and point-to-multipoint services are also supported.
GSM network requires two new network elements for GPRS. The Serving GPRS Support Node
(SGSN), which performs security functions, mobility management and access control. Frame Relay
connects the SGSN the base station system. The Gateway GSN (GGSN) is used for interworking
with external packet-switched networks. GPRS is standardised in ETSI (European
Telecommunications Standards Institute).
Bluet ooth
Bluetooth has positioned itself as a point-to-point (or even point-to-multipoint) cable replacement
while HomeRF is meant to be an entire home network. Bluetooth can still support up to 8 devices
in a piconet (two or more Bluetooth units sharing a channel). The actual Bluetooth chip can be
incorporated into a variety of devices and measures just 17x33x3mm. Bluetooth operates on a
same ISM 2.4 GHz band and like HomeRF it must cope with interference from baby monitors,
garage door openers, cordless phones and microwave ovens, which also use this frequency.

What is Blueto oth wir eless techno logy , an yw ay?

Operating on the 2.4 GHz frequency band, Bluetooth wireless technology promises to link
electronic devices using short-range radio waves. Once they are equipped with a Bluetooth chip,
laptops, headsets, cell phones, printers, fax machines, PDAs, and other peripherals will
unconsciously seek each other out and share information without the need for cords (or user
programming). In a few years, Bluetooth wireless technology will be installed in all types of
devices: when you go to the movies, you will buy tickets with your PDA as you walk through the
theatre doors; when you get gasoline, your car will charge your credit card without a single swipe.

Not impeded by line-of-sight restrictions, Bluetooth signals can transmit data at speeds of up to 1
Mbps and can travel to distances of up to 30 feet. But the primary reason for Bluetooth's
popularity is its price. The new chips will eventually cost about $5 each.

So is Bluetoo th wir eless techno logy r ea dy for ev ery one?

Because it is designed to link various product lines, Bluetooth is a complicated technology.

Microsoft recently announced that its next version of Windows will not support Bluetooth and a
few other companies have decided to wait, as well. It is the simpler applications that industry
analysts and product testers are confident that Bluetooth is ready for—products in which
Bluetooth will replace cords and enable similar devices to speak to each other. For the most part,
the earliest enabled products will include: laptops and mobile phones, which will facilitate easier
internet access; and headsets, which will allow consumers to use the same headset to access
various desktop and mobile devices. Headsets have been among the product lines that have
consistently tested well with Bluetooth installed.

Bluetooth gene ral speci fica tion :

Frequency Range 2402 - 2480 MHz

Data Rate 1 Mbps
Channel Bandwidth 1 MHz
Range Up to 10 m can be extended further
RF hopping 1600 times/s
Encryption GSM like, device ID and 0/40/64 bit key lengths
TX Output Power 20 dBm Max. (0.1W)
Wi rel es s A pplic ation Protocol ( WAP)
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an open standard and application environment for wireless
information and telephony services on digital mobile phones specified by WAP Forum. WAP will be
applicable to second and third generation mobile phones, pagers, two-way radios, smart phones
and communicator. WAP is designed to work with most wireless networks such as CDPD, CDMA
IS-95, GSM900/1800/1900, PDC, PHS, TDMA IS136, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC,
Mobitex and 3G systems, and it can be built on any operating system including PalmOS, EPOC,
Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, JavaOS etc.

WAP is the platform for media phones and it brings internet content and advanced value added
services to mobile users. It has been optimised for mobile environment where users have small
size screens on pocket-sized mobile phones and pagers, and navigation around and between
screen can be difficult. WAP utilizing binary transmission for greater compression of data, and is
optimised for long latency and low to medium bandwidth. WAP also includes options for
authentication, encryption and WTA (Wireless Telephony Applications). WAP was designed for
intermittent coverage, small screens, low power consumption, wide scalability over bearers and
devices and one-handed operation and 3G networks in mind.

WHA T IS WAP?

The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an open, global specification that empowers mobile
users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services instantly.

WHA T IS WAP FOR?

To enable easy fast delivery of relevant information and services to mobile users.

What type of devices wi ll use WAP?

Handheld digital wireless devices such as mobile phones, pagers, two-way radios, smartphones
and communicators -- from low-end to high-end.

Whi ch wir eless networks does W AP work with?

WAP is designed to work with most wireless networks such as CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS,
TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, Mobitex and GRPS.

What oper ating sy stems are compati ble with W AP?

WAP is a communications protocol and application environment. It can be built on any operating
system including PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, JavaOS etc. It provides service
interoperability even between different device families.