Amulets W M F Petrie 1914

AMULETS
ILLUSTRATED BY THE EGYPTIAN COLLECTION IN

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON
,iy
W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE
HON
P\)
*y
HON. F.S.A. (SCOT.), A.R.I.B.A., MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY,

MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL GERMAN ARCH/EOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY
OF ANTHROPOLOGY, BERLIN; MEMBER OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY; MEMBER
OF THE ROMAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY; MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF
NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES; MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY EDWARDS PROFESSOR OF
EGYPTOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
D.C.L., LL.D., L1TT.D., PH.D., F.R.S., F.B.A.,
LONDON
10
CONSTABLE & COMPANY LTD

ORANGE STREET LEICESTER SQUARE WC
1914
G\
'
CONTENTS
CHAPTEE
CHAPTEE
I.
The Principles of Amulets.

SHOT.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
- 9.
10.
Amulets of Powers.
FAO*
NO.
27.
Wagtail, ur. (3)
28.
Human-headed
29. Duckling, za. (2) .

30. Man's girdle tie, orikh. (7)
.
.
31. Ne/er. (8)
The belief in amulets

Meaning of the name
Purpose of amulets
Five theories of amulets
Examples of each theory
.
2
2
3
4
33. Counterpoise, menat.

.
34. Head-rest. (12)
Organic amulets
The flux
35. Zad. (34)

36. Square. (12)
32. Sistrum. (3)
38.
II.
13.
Scope of amulets
Limitations of the class
Growth of funereal amulets
.
Material for study.

15. Arrangement of the catalogue
16. Materials named
14.
....
2.
v3.
IH.
6.
Face. (23)
Uzateye.
(2)
9
10
10
10
10
Ear. (4).
Tongue.
(2)
(41)
8.
Breast. (3)
9.
Arm.
10.
11.
(295)
-7. Heart.
(1)
Two arms, Tea. (1)

Hand open. (12)
Two hands
15.
Leg. (15)
side
17.
Sma.
18.
Frog and
16
16
17
Bark
of the
fingers.
side. (1)
.
(5)
17
17
Eed crown.
(17)
17
18
51.
Double crown on neb. O

Vulture and uraeus. O
52.
Eoyal crook.
53.
Eoyal scourge.
18
18
(1)
Pear mace. (20)

Feathers and scourge.
58.
Uraeus serpent.
59.
Man
60.
Bound
61.
Figure with necklaces.
56.
18
(19)
18
(5)
19
with palms.
19
captive. (8)
(2)
19
(1)
CHAPTEE
Amulets of Property.
62.
Ox
63.
Cow, legs
64. Gazelle. (1)
13
65. Joint of
tied.
(7)
32.
Jackal head. (27)
13
(31)
19^
head. (18)
68. Altar with cakes. (5)

69. Date. (1)
V.
13
18
18
57.
31.
18
54. Shepherd's stick, uas. (10)

55. Disc mace. (5)
67.
25. Tooth. (8)

26. Locust. (2)
18
12
18
Papyrus sceptre. (26)

Papyrus on plaque. (4)
Leopard head. (1)

24. Claw. (10)
17
(4)
Fly. (52)
toad. (20)
23.
17
17
moon.
12
20.
16
meat.
66. Goose or duck.
19.
16
(-1)
by
/1 6. Phallus. (9)
16
Plummet. (10)
Forked lance. (10).
thumb between
14.
15
12. Fist clenched. (17)

13. Fist,
15
43. Disc of sun. (2)

44. Crowned sun. (1)
50.
(3)
~y4. Eye. (4)

5.
15
(6)
Amulets of Similaks.
bearded.
15
47. Hornet. (4)

48. White crown. (9)
CHAPTEE
Head
14
17
49.
1.
14
46. Stairs. (1)
of the catalogue
System
14
41. Pair of feathers. (1)

42. Eising sun. (3)
45.
17. Classification
14
39. Ostrich plumes. (11)

40. Two plumes, disc and horns.
Egyptian Amulets.
12.
14
bird, ba. (5)
T~
37.
11.
PAO
of beliefs
(237)
The doctrine of similars

Lower individual beliefs
Primitive modes of thought
CHAPTEE
IV.
Dish on mat,
hotep.
is
70.
Vase. (16)
li
71. Collar. (2)
II
14
72. Clothing. (5).
73.
(1)
Eoyal head-dress.
20 ^
20
20
20
20
20
20
'J.Q
20
21
21
CONTENTS
PAGE
HO.
74.
Comb.
75.
77.
Spear head.
Writing tablet. (2)
Name badge. (5)
78.
Cartouche. (3)
79.
Seal. (6)
76.
(5)
80. Seal ring. (1)

81. Circle of cord. (2)
82. Slave figure. (1)
CHAPTER
VI.
PltOtECTIVE A&TOLETS.
83.
84.
Sun and wings. (2)

Sun and uraei. (2)
/85. Crescent. (8)

86. Mummy. (2)
87.
Mummy on bier.
(4)
Isis, thet. (23)
-88. Girdle of
89.
flat base.
Scarab,
(32)
90. Scarab, inscribed. (26)

91. Pectoral. (7)
92. Scarab
with
legs. (50)
93. Scarab winged. (8)

94.
95.
Vulture standing. (7)

Vulture spread. (4)
96. Serpent. (7) .

97. Serpent head. (12) .
98. Cobra on case. (8) .
99.
100.
Amphisbaena on case. (2)

Phagrus eel on case. (3)
on case. (7)
Taurt on case. ( 1 )
103. Shrew mouse on case.
104. Horn. (1)
105. Bone. (3)
101. Lizard
102.
(1
106. Coral. (1)
107. Cypraea shell. (7)

108. Nerita shell. (3)
110.
Mitra
Conus
111.
Cardium
109.
shell. (2)
shell. (4)
shell. (9)
112. Meleagrina shell. (12)

113. Cleopatra shell. (4)
114. Pedunculus shell. (2)
115. Polinkes shell. (1)

116. Cassis shell. (1)
117.
Murex
shell. (1)
118. Helix shell. (8)

119. Clanculus shell. (1)
120. Turbo shell. (1)
.
121. Oliva shell. (2)
122. Terebra shell. (2)

123. Stone implement. (12)
124. Bell. (5)
.
125.
Door
bolt. (1)
126. Seated prince. (2)

127. Princess. (2) .
128.
Medusa
head. (3)
129. Bulla. (12)

.
130. Porehead pendant. (21)
131. Knotted cord. (7) .
132.
"Woven charm.
133.
Charm
134.
Hypocephalus.
(1)
case. (18)
(4).
135. Inscribed stone, Greek. (26)

136. Inscribed stone, non-Greek. (11)
137. Cross. (44)
.
(350)
CONTENTS
NO.
PAGE
199.
Jackal-headed archer.
200.
Shrewmouse
(1)
figure. (1)
201. Sebek. (1)

202. Tehuti. (21)
203. Serpent-headed god. (4)
43
CHAPTER
Animal Gods.
204.
205.
Ape
Ape
standing. (7)
seated. (4)
206. Baboon. (12)

207. Apis bull. (10)
208. Hathor cow. (6)
.
210.
Hathor cow on square.

Hathor head. (5)
211.
Ram.
212.
Ram's head.
209.
(5)
(11)
213. Hare. (4)

214. Ibex. (2)
215.
Barbary sheep.
218.
Hawk-headed sphinx.
(1)
219. Lion. (16)

220. Two lion fore-parts. (7)
221. Lion's head. (4)
.
222.
Lion and bull fore-parts.
223.
Two
bull fore-parts.
(3),
224. Cat. (16)

225. Cat in shrine. (2) .
226. Two cats on column. (2)
227. Cat and kittens (3)
228. Set animal. (2)

229. Jackal standing. (5)
230. Two jackal heads. (1)
231. Jackal couchant. (8)
232. Shrew mouse. (5)
.
233.
Dog.
234.
Kg.
(6)
(5)
so.
PAOE
239. Turtle. (4)

240. Crocodile. (18)
43
43
43
43
44
44
44
44
45
45
45
45
Waran.
241.
(1)
242. Lizard. (1)

243. Mentu standard. (7)
244. Hawk-headed sphinx. (1)
245. Hawk, falcon. (59)
247. Ibis. (12)

248. Vulture. (2)
Vulture
249.
flying. (2)
250. Goat-sucker. (2)

251. Bird heads. (6)
252. Coptic birds. (5)
253. Bird's foot. (1)
254. Serpent with arms, Nehebka. (5)

255. Qarmut, nar. (3)
256.
Oxyrhynkhos.
(1)
257. Bulti. (11)

.
258. Electric fish. (7)
259. Lepidotos. O
.
260. Scorpion. (4)

261. Green beetle. (6)
262. Shuttle. (2)
50
Hippopotamus.
(5)
236. Taurt. (51)

237. Hippopotamus head. (16)
238. Hedgehog. (1)
.
50
50
50
50
50
50
Woman
263.
with offerings.
(1)
264. Figure in tall head-dress. (1)

265. Figure in long robe. (2)
266. Figure in pointed cap. (2)
267. Flower. (3)

46
268. Palm column. (1)
46
269. Bunch of grapes. (1)
46
270. Flowering reed. (1)
46
271. Seed vessel. (3)
46
272. Unknown. (2)
46 ;<273. Two fingers. (11)
46
274. Uncertain pendants.
46
275. Star. (2)
46
46
47
Positions of amulets
47
50
50
50
51
51
51
51
...
47
47
47
Vll
51
(2)
CHAPTER
235.
47
48
48
48
48
48
48
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
50
50
50
50
246. Ostrich. (1)
(442)
45
45
45
45
45
45
(1)
216. Klipspringer. (1)

217. Camel. (1)
IX.
44
44
(21)
42
42
42
42
51
X.
51
Properties of stones
List of groups of amulets
52
53
Index
55
OF PLATES
LIST
Similars
Human Godscontinued.
Parts of Human Body
I.
Animal and Vegetable
II.
Powers
IV.
Property
IX.
X.
XI.
....
Possessions
Protection, Celestial
Protection
VIII.
Mummy, Girdle, Flat Scarab

Inscribed Scarab, Backs
Inscribed Scarab, Fronts
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
'
XXXII.
XXXIII.
XXXIV.
XXXV.
Shells,
....
Implements,
8689
Knotted Cords
XXXVI.
92,
93
9498
99103
104114
Set, Sphinx,
115129
131
131
131133
Hypocephali
134
Inscribed Stones, Semitic, Cross
135
135,
136,
136
XXXIX.
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
Anhur with Tefnut,
....
Isis,
Osiris,
196203
Ape, Bull,
Cow
204209
210219
220231
Cow, Sheep, Hare, Lion

Lion, Cat, Jackal
Shrew Mouse, Dog,

Beptiles, Birds
Pig,
Hippo-
Birds
XLI V.
Addenda
XL V. Addenda
XLVI.
XL VII.
XL VIII.
232237
238245
245252
253274
Addenda.
Addenda.
Lists of Amulets,
Macgregor Papy-
rus and Dendereh.
XLIX.
LI.
138142
LII.
143149
LIII.
149156
LIV.
IX
193195
Shu with Tefnut, Jackal, Sebek,
Animal Gods, and Various Objects
L.
Nebhat
183188
189192
Sekhmet,
XLIII.
181
Animal Gods:
XXXVII.
XXXVIII.
137
138141
180,
182
Mahes
Bes, Tahuti,
176179
Hathor, Khnumu, Bes
potamus
Inscribed Stones, Greek

Inscribed Stones, Non-Greek
160175
Dwarfs, Saints
Animal-Headed Gods : Horus-Ea
Animal-Headed Gods
Four Sons of Ea
158
159
Tehuti
91
130
Cords, Weaving, Charm Cases
157,
90
Figures
Bullae
Forehead Pendants
Knotted Cords
Horus,
Human Gods
Bastet
....
Pectorals
Human Gods
XXIV.
Eye of Horus
XXV.
Eye of Horus
XXVI.
Horus, Isis
XXVII.
90
Horn and Shells.
XVII.
6272
7482
8385
XIV.
XVI.
XXXI
Osiris
Oracular Busts
Min to Nefertum
XIII.
XV.
(60, 61)
Scarab with Legs and Wings

Vulture, Serpent
Cases for Beptiles
XII.
2735
3659
Heart of
Osiris,
XXIX
Funereal Offerings
V.
XXVIII
XXX
Symbolic Hieroglyphs
Symbols of Ability and Authority
III.
VII.
117
1826
Bronze Gnostic Amulet

Plans of Amulets on Mummies
.

Index to Amulets in Position.
135aa
15
612
1318
1924
It is intended
that this volume shall
be the
first
of
a series
dealing with various branches of Egyptian Archaeology, based upon
the collection at University College.
In the succeeding volumes, the Scarabs, Cylinders, Button Seals,

Tools,
Glass,
Beads and other subjects will be discussed and
trated, with reference also to other collections.
illus-
AMULETS
CHAPTER
THE PRINCIPLES OF AMULETS

1. The
present study of Egyptian amulets is based upon
the University College collection, which I have tried to
make as varied as possible some two hundred and seventy
;
different kinds of amulets are here described, together with

a summary of those in some other collections, in order to
show the numbers and the materials of which amulets

were usually made. To understand the purpose of these
amulets, it is needful to gain some general ideas from the
use of amulets in other lands. The belief in the magic
effect of inanimate objects on the course of events is one of
the lower stages of the human mind in seeking for principles
of natural action
it belongs to a condition of the intellect
so low as to be incapable of clear reason about cause and
;
has become so ingrained a habit of thought

during the vast ages before observation and induction were
effect.
Yet
it
developed, that
it
survives the rise of knowledge and reason-
among most people. The use of amulets is by no

means equally general in all races the lowest of mankind
the Tasmanians had great confidence in the power of
amulets, the Shilluks of the Sudan wear them in a bunch,
the Arabs have great faith in charms which are worn, and
ing
Southern Italy
in our own, as in Pliny's time abounds in
amulets.
Strange to say, a large part of the children of the
lower classes in England wear them ; and the extent to
which persons of supposed education will wear charms and

mascots is an extraordinary revelation of the real fatuity
and savagery of the mind of modern man. Yet other races
seem early to have abandoned such thoughtless beliefs.

The Veddahs and the Algerians apart from Arab influence
avoid amulets, and there is no allusion to amulets in the
minute personal details of the Icelandic and Norse Sagas.
What is now required is an ethnological study of diffusion
of amulets, which might throw light on the connections of
various peoples.
2.
What
defines
it
an amulet, and why is it used ? The name still

very well after two thousand years, and shows one
is
line of diffusion of the idea.
The Arabic
hamulet, a freight,
burden, or thing carried, has passed in ancient times into

the west, as it had originated the Latin amuletus as early as
the time of Pliny. It seems most likely that the name

had travelled with the Phoenicians, as they were the only
source of Semitic words in the western seas before the
Roman
age perhaps Carthage was the intermediary. The

amulet therefore means something carried about by the
wearer, in order to get some magical benefits from it, apart
from any material use. In Egypt such amulets were also
;
dead
put upon the
for
benefiting
them
in
future
and we can hardly deny the name to some kinds

objects copied from personal amulets, and set up
existence
of
stationary in the house. In the records of amulets there is

a great confusion with actual medicines, which we should
nowadays recognise
as
acting by natural causes.
The
between Nature and magic has been but very slowly

defined and what we look on as mere superstitions were
regarded as soundly logical remedies two thousand, or
even two hundred, years ago. In extracting ideas from
line
ancient writers
it is
therefore needful to set aside
all
internal
remedies, and some external ones which might be actually

medicinal.
3.
for
The meaning of each of the amulets, and the purpose

it was carried, is here considered, as that is the
which
real spirit and essence of the subject.

Merely to catalogue
amulets without any regard to their meaning, is much like
collecting pretty shells without knowing anything of the
The recent works of
creatures which produce them.
ancient
Prof. Bellucci, of Perugia, on the Italian amulets
and
modern have
set
an excellent example
of the intelli-
gent study of the subject. A paper by Comm. Boni should

be noted for its wide view (Nuova Antologia, October 1st,
Various general principles of the purpose of amulets
have been proposed, or might be considered. But, so far,
the different theories have not been weeded by means of the
There may have been several
test of actual instances.
1912).
different principles or starting points for the adoption of

amulets, or possibly only one broad idea has developed in
various ways.
necessary to try
by each view.
To
how
get
some
insight
upon
far different instances
this,
it
is
can be explained

';
4.:
Thaexplanations that are the more obvious are
five:
(A) The psychic

giving confidence and selfreliance, and the intent to live; with the result that the
effect
of
and see whether there be cases which can be explained by

only one motive, or only by another. To this we proceed.
(A) The Confidence theory will explain such cases as the
through dangers
without faltering, or would be saved from that terrible
weakening due to fear, which often kills men as surely as
To possess a charm which would
knife or poison kills.
a
vast advantage in lower forms of
tabu
be
would
defy
wearing of part of a bear in order to give strength (Eskimo),

a leopard's claw to protect from wild beasts (Central Africa),
dog's teeth to protect from a mad dog (Italy), a figure of a
culture.
of these
wearer would be thus
The
(B)
fortified
to steer
direction of thought to any physical weakness

may have a very beneficial effect on illness and
or disease,
the possession of an amulet supposed to benefit the patient,

may easily act as a faith-healer and promote real recovery.
The
idea of a double or alter ego of different organs,

(C)
connected with them in a mystic way, may be a purpose of
tale of Anpu and Bata, the heart of Bata
and anything that happens to it happens
also to him.
So it might be imagined that a kidney-stone,
a blood-stone, an eye-stone, or various other objects
supposed to be connected with different organs, would by
the care and attention paid to them have a reflex action in
amulets.
is set
In the
in a tree,
strengthening the organ involved.

(D) The provision of a vicarious double, to which evils
and diseases may be transferred from the body. An object
resembling the disease, or a model of the organ, might be

supposed to receive the attacks of the malignant spirits to
whom diseases are usually credited, and so save the real
person.
luck
(It.),
a lizard with a forked
and the wearing
(It.),
The
influence
often
called
to be necessarily connected
are supposed
they are in touch
with the abstract quality or influence which has to be
evoked they generally act by producing a similarity in
;
the great majority of charms and amulets

recorded by writers, have merely been selected by reason of
casual connection. When any unusual event happened
good or bad
the
surroundings
person looked for some cause in his own

and if he carried, or did, anything unusual,
was naturally connected with the event. Then, no doubt,

there was much theorizing from very mixed assumptions,
it
charm for a given purpose. How

can
folly
go in such a way anyone may see in
the tangible field of medicine by referring to ancient
in order to construct a
human
prescriptions.
When we look at the various possible motives for the use
of amulets stated above, we may doubt whether
any one
motive can account
for
the whole system, or
whether
several different motives have not been followed.
examples come under one explanation? or how
Can
all
many
explanations are needful ?
The only way
to study this is to select test instances,
effect
or (E). Further examples are the figure of a heart worn

for heart disease (It.), a lump of red coral for menstruation
concretions and inclusions in Btone for pregnancy

which might be equally well explained on any of the
(It.),
(It.),
five theories.
The Faith
(B)
theory, or the effect of thought-directing,

such as the fish worn for fecundity (It.),
will explain cases

or the bat's head
worn
to prevent sleep (Pliny, xxx, 48)

be
explained by (E), as cases of the
may equally
of similars.
The use of galactitis, a soft white stone
;
but these
effect
worked up into a milky diffusion in water, and taken

internally for lactation (Puny, xxxvii, 59), might be
explained by (D) or (E). Other cases which might equally
be explained by (C), (D) or (E) are the wearing of a red
stone of any kind against bleeding a milk-white stone for
the Dentalium shell for teething the nephrite
lactation
;
stone for the kidneys the operculum of a shell (" eye of

S. Lucia ") for the eyes ; an ivory ball like a breast, for
;
a white and cold ivory tablet for fever (all in

the bones of animals' heads for headache (Pliny,
lactation
Italy)
the wearing of the yellow Lyncurion stone for

;
jaundice (Pliny, xxxvii, 13), or a tooth for toothache (Pliny,
xxix, 36)
therefore
happen again.
get
But each
Other examples, such as a serpent's skin worn to guard

against the bite of reptiles, might be explained by (C), (D)
not be confounded with
No doubt
tail to
of similars.
xxviii, 27).
5.
charms.
examples can equally be explained by (E), the
the person, but otherwise by averting a similarity, on the

plea that the event has already taken place, and cannot
far
of written
"sympathetic magic"
which might perhaps best be named " the doctrine of
similars."
Objects which have a similarity one to another,
(E)
siren for security
There
is
another kind of thought-directing, which must

be
the above.
Not only may the
but also the

dangerous thoughts of another person may be diverted away
from the person who dreads them, by his wearing some
In prehistoric times this
object to distract the attention.
patient's
thoughts
usefully
directed,
was done in Egypt by a bright white piece of shell hung on

the forehead in one case a bright piece of sheet copper
was used. In modern times women wear in Egypt a bright
gilt tubular ornament down the middle of the forehead and
in Damaraland a chief's daughter wore a disc of shell, hung
;
so that she could swing it over either eye (Galton, Travels

in South Africa, ed. 1890, p. 63).
For the same purpose
are the principal amulets against the evil eye in Italy.

A
facetted rock crystal, or even a bottle stopper, serves to catch
the eye and thought of an observer and divert them from

the wearer. Similarly the attention is easily diverted to
sexual models, both kinds of which are reputed to be
The unquestionable truth of this

thought-directing away from the patient has no bearing
powerful protectors.

upon the
own
reality of the beneficial direction of the patient's
thoughts, or the Faith theory.
(C) The Double theory, or alter ego, according to which

an external double of an organ is so bound up with it that
benefits to one are conferred on both, will account for most
of the eases named.
But where the wearer is unconscious
worn for teething (Italy, Pliny,

the foregoing theories, (A), (B), could not hold
of the amulet, as a tooth

xxviii, 78),
good, but only the following, (D), (E).

(D) The Vicarious theory supposes that a model
worn
receive the attacks of spirits and ward them off the

actual person.
This as we have noticed will account for
will
most
of the preceding cases.
There
however, some
amulets which are specially to be thus explained, such as
the placing of lead amulets on swine to avert
suppuration
and vermin, the

evils
(It.)
are,
metal hindering the sluggish

the use of amber which has motes in it, or a
dull, sluggish
white opacity, for the benefit of the eyes (It.) the wearing
of a tongue of a hyaena or a
dog in the shoe to prevent dogs
42
the use of a chilly
xxix, 32)
barking (Pliny, xxvii,
the wellfrog against the chill of fever (Pliny, xxxii, 88)
;
known
heart or image pricked with pins or stabbed all of

these may be looked on as vicarious, or else as (E),
:
similars.
Somewhat
which is durable and stronger than fire, worn to give long

life and strength ; a pebble, which drops swiftly from a high
rock, put on the necks of puppies that they may he fleet and
strong ; the skin of a little auk caught fighting put on a
dog that he may be & fighter.
In the Heimskringla (Magnusson and Morris, i, 55 6)>
there is one of the nearest instances to an amulet in Norse
"
writing
Swipdag let take the heart out of a wolf, and
roast it on a spit, and gave it thereafter to Ingiald, the
king's son, to eat and thenceforth became he the grimmest
of all men, and the evillest hearted." This is essentially an
instance of Similars.
In Italy the very common use of flint arrowheads or fossil

"
teeth called " thunderstones
to protect from lightning, or
serpentine to protect from serpents (also Pliny, xxxvi, 11),
can only be explained by Similars. The same idea is shown
by putting a dragon's head under the door-sill for good
fortune (Pliny, xxix, 20), i.e., trampling on evil influences;
also by the frog, transfixed so that it cannot move away, to
ensure faithfulness (Pliny, xxxii, 18)
while the effect of
;
opposites
is
shown by the hairs
of a
she-mule worn
for
A complex amulet of watchful

fertility (Pliny, xxx, 49).
animals is that of the eyes of river crabs, wrapped with the
flesh of a nightingale in a deer's skin, to give watchfulness
like this is the scape-goat idea of a victim to

the
carry away
evil, as in the transfer of scorpion poison by
in
an
ass's
ear (Pliny, xxviii, 42), or the spitting
speaking
(Pliny, xxxii, 38).

From these various examples of charms and amulets,
which are compatible with the different theories that we
on a frog which
have considered, it appears that though some are consistent

with each of the theories, yet no theory will explain all of
is
liberated to
remove a cough (Pliny,
xxxii,
29).
6.
All of the examples of the above theories of amulets
we have seen to be equally compatible with

(E) The doctrine of Similars, according to which
objects
which are closely alike have such a connection that power

over one, or possession of one, enables the wearer to
influence the other or to
at once find
but which
command
like qualities.
Here we
cases which are explained by this belief,

are not touched by any of the four preceding
many
mouth
all
the uses of amulets which are
which appears commonest

"
in
at present
mascots," carried by various classes of
for as
lectual
form
of
belief is that
When we try to see some underlying

persons.
cause for such a savage survival we may observe that the
occupations of the wearers are those which seem most to
illogical
depend on chance, and least on continuous will. Actors,

gamesters and aviators, as well as motor racers, cling to
amulets, and all are dependent upon conditions which are
e<:gs)
can be proved to
only legitimate to accept that belief as
than that in the general applicability of an amulet it presupposes no law, but a chance connection which is wholly
Yet strange to say
this least intelunaccountable.
of a bear,
(which lays small
different class of beliefs

is
There is also another class of amulets, which the

wearer regards as entirely individual, and which result from
a casual observation of what happens to the person when
certain objects are present.
This is a lower form of belief
The amulets are the skin from the roof of

worn in a child's cap in order to be
in
the
head or feet of a hawk, sewn in a
strong
danger ;
clothes
in
order
that
he may become a great hunter ;
boy's
a black guillemot's foot, worn to become great whalers ; a
raven's foot, worn to be satisfied with little a head of a fox,
worn to be cunning and guarded ; the head of a kittiwake
Similars.
the
and until some

have existed, it
7.
The People of the Polar North. Tbe extreme

and
directness of the ideas, and the absence of
simplicity
or
theistic complication renders this a classical
any magical
example of tbe doctrine of Similars. The amulet confers
and excepting the first
qualities or protects from danger
case which might be explained on the Confidence theory (A)
these examples can only be reasonably accounted
But every case which we have recounted as

thought.
evidence can be the result of beliefs in Similars ;
critical
generally recognised.
in
_the theory of Similars, otherwise called

Sympathetic Magic. Other theories may give the explanation of some cases ; they cannot be disproved as modes of
the underlying cause of
One of the most instructive

explanations or theories.
accounts of amulets is that by Basmussbn, describing the
Eskimo
them excepting
not obviously in their own control. We may smile at the

use of basilisk blood to gain Buccess in petitions (Pliny,
put in a girl's clothes that she may

a piece of a hearthstone,
give birth to small children;
b2

was more reasonable to believe in some
general law on the matter than to believe in the effect of a
man smoking a cigar opposite a theatre door to gain a
xxix, 19,)
but
it
We may not believe in

profitable audience for the play.
a star-fish smeared with foxes' blood, and nailed with copper
nails over a door to repel evil (Pliny, xxxii, 16) ; but we see
an ex-prime minister wearing a swastika for luck, and
While no one
talking heartily about it to uneducated boys.
now wears the right shoulder of a chamaeleon to ensure
victory (Pliny, xxviii, 29), we yet read of aviators wearing
trinkets
particular
power
for
of irrational belief
their
safety.
seems
to
On
the whole the
have gained, rather than
hold in modern times.

The primitive mode of thought seems unchanged by
The untamed mind of man appears to
that has past.
lost its
8.
all
be continually feeling vaguely for different avenues to

reason is so little developed that benefit seems
success
reached by trying blindly in all directions. I
be
to
only
;
have often been surprised at the helpless way in which

Egyptians will do things on the chance of success. They
will follow
some vague rumour
perhaps at third-hand of
a benefit or a gain, merely to see

It seems like the white ants
on the chance
without any guide from
vague searching, whenever
directions,
that
any
read the pages of Pliny regarding ancient
Italy, we perceive how

are
These, in
largely organic objects
adopted as amulets.
the nature of things, have been but rarely preserved for
or Bellucci
long; and even
about modern
when found
recognised.
A mere
be casually
left
their
meaning
is
not easily
twig of a tree, or a scrap of fur might

in a grave without a meaning; while a
carefully wrought stone or pottery

intentional.
Hence we find what is in
object is
clearly
any case but a small
part of the whole mass of amulets that have been in use.

The nature of the beliefs in such things is doubtless
in continual flux like all matters
by reduction
how
to
the thoughts of early
shifting and changing
accustomed
which have not been
a written form.
man
fixed
We
can hardly realise

must have been incessantly
their form, like
an amoeba.
We
are
reduce ideas to a written definition, which

perpetuates them unaltered until they are entirely out of
date, and passed by in further growth, that we cannot feel
so
to
ideas fluctuating with the individual.

A
such
as
that
in
amulets
and
charms
is
one
popular
of the last things to be fixed by writing, and hence it has
been exposed longer to the waves of changing thoughts.
Even Roman law was not crystallized into writing till well
the sense of
all
belief,
the least intelligent think that their
have been continually shifting.

10. In Italy at present we see the result of a long course of
decay of beliefs. Of all the purposes of amulets, very nearly
only individual to
link as a "mascot" ;
them, and cling to any

the more intelligent seek
law, and frame one of the innumerable geneabout wolves' tongues, dragons' tails, or serpents'
eggs, which choke the pages of Pliny and many other old
for
When we
9.
Italy,
into the historic age ; and at the other end of the scale of
certainties such vague beliefs as those in amulets must
is
tangible
hitting something to eat,

the senses.
This incessant
of
entirely misapplied.
it succeeds, produces a belief

casual connection with other incidents is a real
cause of success
success
any good result comes.

making tunnels in all
if
the other shows the sense of law, even
animistic, while
if
some
ralities
writers.
This subject of individual amulets, or "mascots," does

belong to our present work; the distinction should
not
this and the general amulet,

and we should regard the difference of the much lower grade
of superstition from which it originates.
The individual
however be observed between
amulet regards only chance connection without any law or

reason the general amulet is in the first groping stage of
;
the acquisition of general laws, which eventually lead to the

Both are absurd to anyone
orderly view of organic nature.
with the least real knowledge; yet the one is hopelessly
half are against the evil eye, and these are most incongruous
in their nature
shells, claws, horn, teeth, toads, crescents,
madrepore
everything seems equally
This
applicable.
great variety must have originated in very
different ideas of connection the purposes must have been
But all have been blended into
very diverse originally.
one general idea of averting the ill will of another person
crystal,
agate,
and
has passed further into the stage of averting mere

ill-luck brought by another person without
any intention.
Such a jumble of different beliefs into one generality shows
that there has been a long time for the details to be
this
and for one vague idea to be substituted for the

observations
of chances, out of which a multitude
specific
forgotten,
of beliefs
CHAPTER
had
arisen.
II
EGYPTIAN AMULETS
11. The subject of Egyptian amulets is one that appeals
both to the reader of folk lore, as well as to the Egyptologist,
and hence it is needful here to deal with some elementary
details which may not be familiar to one side or to the other.
The whole subject of amulets is an immense one, and

is no general work of reference
giving the ideas of
various lands.
Nor is this intended to deal with other
there
than Egyptian amulets, though
many
collateral
examples
EGYPTIAN AMULETS
illustrate their use.
tomb there
the model of a dwelling house and

furniture.
(4) Beginning in the early pyramid age there
are the sculptured objects in relief, where the master is
order to explain them, and to

Studying thus with a past civilisation
besides the
here introduced in
are
cut off from the largest class of amulets, those

animal and vegetable nature, so that this point of view
here is but a partial one. On the other hand the Egyptian
we are almost
is
"
"
must
all his farm and servants in full

in
and
the
desert or on the river.
(5) As
hunting
activity,
the model was succeeded by the relief, so that was succeeded
in turn by the painting, beginning in the Vlth dynasty,
and fully developed in the Xllih. (6) Symbols were then
substituted for the objects such as the model altar, or vase,
or food, placed as an amulet with the body. (7) Besides
amuletic substitutions for real objects, amulets were
adapted to confer powers, such as the crowns, or sceptres, or
verbal charms stating that the deceased was a god and must
be obeyed as such. The wish to have actual objects buried
still lasts in Egypt where food and even a bed may be
sepulchral remains of the
placed with the dead. In England the same feeling is by

no means extinct, as in 1912 a boot maker ordered that
portrayed as
of
was so industrious in imitation, and believed so completely

in the virtue of models, that he carried out his ideas in
imperishable material more widely than any other people.

The great variety of over two hundred and seventy different
amulets used in Egypt, and the amount of light thrown on

them by statements of their properties, or descriptive names,
renders Egypt one of the most favourable lands for a
general study of the subject.
In handling a subject which ramifies so widely, we
12.
The
begin by some definitions and limitations.
the
most
of
principle of amuletic virtue extends to
ings, pictorial scenes of
workers,
provided
in
Egyptians. The model offerand ushabti figures of slave
there
life,
the
tomb, are
all
based on
the
such necessarily differ from amulets

principle of Similars
worn by the living in their being more extensive, and not
;
suspended from the person.
As
for the dead, so also for
amulets numerous
the living, there are some classes of

enough to form whole subjects in themselves, apart from their
amuletic aspect such are the scarabs with royal names,
with other personal names, with charms, and with devices
;
beholding
should be buried with
him
last,
hammer,
nails,
unfinished boots and a piece of leather.

It appears that we must define amulets broadly as objects
I'
worn by the living, without any physical use but for magical
benefits, or placed with the dead, or set

its
up
in the house for
magical protection, apart from deities for household
worship.
14.
The material used
for the present study is
the collection which I have
made during
mainly
the last thirty
also the plaques with similar devices,

Each of these classes
years in Egypt, now taken over by University College. At

first a collection purchased by a visitor or worker in
and numerous that we cannot include them in

Nor is it possible to
divide between amulets for the living and for the dead, though
many kinds belong exclusively to one or other category.
In general any object with a means of suspension on the
person, and not of immediate use or ornament, must be
classed as an amulet. The figures of the gods with loops for
suspension we include as amulets, while those which were
stood on a base must be treated along with all other images
naturally miscellaneous and casual ; gradually

certain lines claim more interest, and besides the main
of
unknown purport
and the foreign

is
class of button seals.
so important
a detailed account with other amulets.
Unfortunately the detail of the suspending ring

not noted in catalogues where following descrip-
of divinities.
or hole
is
have therefore accepted all figures under two inches

05 m.) as amulets, and left larger figures apart. The
tions, I
-
high
great development of amulets for the dead is peculiar to

Egypt elsewhere they are found, but not with such variety
;
and
In China the substitutes of paper or pottery figures

and paper dollars, is of the same purpose but the
great extent of symbolic amulets in Egypt is unparalleled.
13. The stages of the growth of the amulet system in
Egyptian burials can be historically traced more completely
detail.
of slaves,
than elsewhere.
In the earliest graves, such as the prehistoric, whole objects were buried.
(2) In the later prehistoric and early historic time, the objects were deliberately
broken or " killed." (3) In the early dynasties models of
(1)
besides the jars of grain there are small

model granaries besides the jars of beer and joints of meat
here are models of food ; and, in the Xth Xlth dynasties,
objects appaar
Egypt
is
of scarabs, tools, technical work, weights, and

pottery, the curious variety of out-of-the-way amulets has
proved attractive. Further information was also obtained
pursuit
from the regular excavations as to the positions in which

amulets are found upon the body, and the detailed accounts of
such here recorded are almost the only observations yet published on this matter.
The dates of various amulets were
also obtained from excavations, and in this
as in other
the miscellaneous material purchased immensely

subjects
is
enhanced in its meaning and interest by the precise information gathered in scientific work. While the commoner
amulets are illustrated by splendid examples in the national
collections, there is no series nearly as complete as the
present one for the rarer and more obscure amulets, only
ten being absent.
Besides this collection
many early discoveries and purchases of mine went to Miss Edwards for her collection,
bequeathed to University College these, along with other
objects from my excavations that have been presented to
;
the college, are all included in the present catalogue.

In
order to preserve a record, the number of examples in the
original Edwards collection is marked E, and those added
by the Petrie collection and discoveries are marked P. Of

course, nothing resembling finality is possible in this, or any
other, branch of archaeology; but the time has come for
EGYPTIAN AMULETS
nouvel Empire, 1904, Caire)
taking stock of the subject, classifying the various details,

and making a platform for planning further investigations
and seeing
defect
of
some
information
in
and
Turin
the
Petersburg catalogues the details of form are often

vague ; in the Cairo catalogue the drawings are ample, but
the nature of the material is very imperfectly stated. Of
St.
Museum
the British
there
is
iv,
from double glass often makes the

material indistinguishable. It is hoped that the photographs here given of nearly all examples, and the definition
It
be noted that in
has been
this
collection
it,
may have
diverse
meanings
such
as
should
which
are
nevertheless classed together, as it would be difficult, or

impossible, to determine in all cases which was the intended
meaning.
Such
Kkenem
figures are therefore placed under the first
form
of the
usually jasper, as it is the material of the girdle

tie amulet, but it is sard on the Kennard tablet.
The
of them may refer, with

important heading
cross-references from other headings. It is needless to give
minute verbal descriptions or dimensions, when the phototo
of the amulets
rather than on the
the vulture
or Hern, which,
and coming first, is probably

An. en. deb,
Greek Khrusos.
probably" stone of Edfu"; the house sign in Mariette's copy
is probably the square block of stone.
Mefkat, Mefkat A men,
Kliaru
this
a
was
Meflcat of
green mineral in general,
(Syria)
and
including turquoise, malachite,
probably chrysocolla: that
from Amen was probably western, from Kharu, Syrian.
Neshen is green felspar.
Kartef? of Rutennu (Syria),
taken
?
unknown.
s.
Sef.
Sef is the name of white quartz
taken
is amethyst; this is therefore
and
(Kennard tablet),
amethystine quartz. Skesteb, a late form of Kkesdeb, lazuli.
Kes. ankk, alabaster. Qo or Qedu is unknown, another form
is Qy ; being used for the plummet and square which are
usually of haematite, this was probably the material. Seker,
"
"
the
So also is Beket.
stone, is unknown.
charming
beauty and attractiveness, or obtained as part

The scientific value of a collection
brilliance of particular specimens.

15. In the treatment of this catalogue, the figures
name
The materials named are Uher
by the nature
of large acquisitions.
depends upon the scope and variety of
each
gold, perhaps a
many types
severely weeded, so as to omit duplicates where of no
additional importance ; whereas the national collections, by
their conditions, are swelled by numerous duplicates, kept
for their
after
inserted.
excessive reflection
there classed according to their material,

of material a dividing line is here
They are
87.
and
no detailed catalogue, and the
of the material, will leave but few uncertainties.
(D) various scattered allusions

;
clearly the value of any fresh information.
Other collections have been referred to, partly from

catalogues published, such as the excellent ones of Turin,
The difficulty in using such is
St. Petersburg, and Cairo.
the
and mythological references and figures and (E) references

from other countries, which may help us to understand
the ideas when no explanation remains in Egypt.
16. The amulets named in the MacGregor papyrus are
each stated to be of gold, which is omitted in the copy here
There is also a list of amulets of Osiris given on the
given.
upper part of the temple of Dendereh, and copied here
(pi. xlviii) from the publication by Mariettb, Dendereh,
which any
is
numbers
reference
of the
amulets in this volume are put
below each column.
graphs are before the reader, and are of the actual size,
except in a very few instances which are specially noted.
The first principle of a modern catalogue is to have full and
clear pictures of every object, and then to build upon that
17. On examining the two hundred and seventy different

kinds of amulets found in Egypt, there are only about a
dozen which remain unclassed, and without any known
such description as
ascertained meanings may be completely put in order under

five great classes, in which the amulets are here arranged.
meaning
needful to supplement the picture.

all
existing catalogues
Unhappily
including that of Cairo
have begun at the wrong end, with a verbal description
supplemented by a picture. The modern conditions of
is
these are dealt with last of
The various
all.
(I) the amulets of Similars, which are for influencsimilar

ing
parts, or functions, or occurrences, for the wearer
These are
developed in the last few years have completely reversed the old idea, and there is no excuse now for
burdening a reader with a description of what can be
amulets
Powers, for conferring powers and

capacities, especially upon the dead
(III) the amulets of
illustrations
(II) the
grasped with a tenth of the time and thought in a picture.

this catalogue is
Property, which are entirely derived from the funeral

offerings, and are thus peculiar to Egypt
(IV) the amulets
for Protection, such as charms and curative amulets
(V) the
the subject the meanrather than any external
figures of Gods, connected with the worship of the gods

and their functions.
These meanings of the amulets
As international names are desirable in dealing with any

classification, and one word is preferable to a
description when handling a subject, it is best to have a
proper name for each class, independent of English. The
The
that
it
principle
of the
arrangement
should follow the real
life of
ing attached to each amulet

feature of form or material.
of
are given by various sources principally by (A) the chapters

of the Book of the Dead which refer to the amulets
(B)
scientific
the very full
of
seventy-five amulets, with their explanatory names, in a papyrus of that Book, belonging to the
list of
Similars
may
be termed Homopoeic (from 6/xos, like, or same,

or make)
the amulets of Powers we call
Rev. William MacGregor, which is here transcribed from

the photograph published by Dr. Capart (Z. A. S. xlv, 14);
(C) the analysis of the objecls represented upon coffins in
Dynatic (from Siwros, able, powerful, adequate) the Property

amulets Ktemalic (from /c-nj/xa, goods, possessions) the Pro-
published by M. Lacau (Sarcophages anterieurs au
tective amulets, Pkylaciic (from <v\aKT?Kos, fitted to guard,
Cairo,
and
ttouo),
I do,
EGYPTIAN AMULETS
"
familiar in the term
phylacteries ");
god, and
and the amulets
of
#opea>, I bear, or wear).
Gods, Theophoric (from 0cos,

Our classes then are called here amulets of
For purpose
is
here given, in the Contents of

each kind of amulet
of reference
Similars, or Homopoeic.
Powers, or Dynatic.
has a number assigned to it, the same in the text and in

the plates; each separate specimen shown has a letter
added to the number as 6k, 154c, and duplicates which are
Property, or Ktematic.
here stated without illustration have a second
Protection, or Phylactic.
Gods, or Theophoric.
6k2, or 154c
The
Of these classes the Similars are undoubtedly the most

primitive, being found among races like the Eskimo who
have no other amulets, and being the basis of the Italian
ideas of amulet.
The Powers and Property amulets are
entirely Egyptian, and originate with the models of the
funeral furniture, arising, therefore, after the development
of the funeral system.
The Protective amulets are a later
class,
these amulets of each class

this volume.
depending on quasi-medical
ideas, or verbal incanta-
tions or prayers written down.

Lastly, the figures of Gods
to
the
of
a
belong
age
developed theology. The list of all
number
as
3.
transliteration of
Egyptian
is
that followed in the
Student's History, except that the arm, din is rendered by

its historical equivalent o.
For the reed, a is continued, as
written equivalent is aleph whenever rendered in Semitic
names, and the value i or y is a theoretical early stage,
its
of
which not a single transliteration
is
known.
The golden-
headed vulture is short a. For very familar names the

usual forms are retained, as Isis, Horus, Ea, etc.
In the record of specimens, groups are numbered which
have been found together a list of such groups is placed
at the end of the volume.
;
SYSTEM OF THE CATALOGUE

Name,
is
when not
the ancient Egyptian
name, with reference
Collezione inviata
Meaning,
is
the Egyptian
all'
esposizione
meaning
if
known
Am.
also that in
36
II Feticismo primitivo in Italia.
Lanz. Lanzone, R. V.
1812 pp., 408 pi.
1904.
material in this collection and in others which have been
Alnwick.
published or noted. One new term is used for indurated

or ash, which is of the composition of slate, but with-
Museum.
Cairo.
out a slatey fracture. As no usual word was available, it is

here called Durite it has been usually confounded with the
Price.
far
common
examples in each collec-
the amulet
is.
mainly
Petrie.
by
principal books referred to are
Bell.
Bellucci, Dr. Giuseppe,
The
Univ. Coll.
pp.,
Peru-
fig.
Dizionario di Mitologia Egizia.
Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities at
G.,
Catalogue
of Amulets.
Cairo
Murray, M. A., Catalogue of Egyptian

National Museum.
1900.
Price, Hilton, Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities.
Golenischeff, W.
Ermitage Imperial.
Inventaire de la Collection Egyptienne.
1891. 386 pp.
Turin. Lanzone, R. V. Regio Museo di Torino.
Antichita Egizie.
collection
.
S.,
Reisner,
St. Petersburg.
Catalogo
64
1908.
Mace.
delta
484 pp.
collection is from
1882.
The Athens
.
Perugia, 1908.
1897.
the collection at University College, London,

catalogued here; after it with P. is stated the number
collected by Petrie, with E. the number by Miss Edwards,
also collected
Birch,
1880.
Antiquities in
show how
1898.
Lacau, Sarcophages anterieurs an nouvel Empire.
Edinburgh.
fused rock, basalt.

of
74
pp.,
Alnwick.
mud
number
158
Lacau.
letter it refers to duplicates of
the lettered examples, not usually figured in the plates.

Material, includes the total number of examples of each
to
Torino.
fig.
Fet.
tion, to
di
Bellucci.
in University College.
The number of the class of amulet
is stated
the following letter refers to the specific example ;
refers
Gli Amuleti.
gia, 1907.
Collection, states the
Bellucci.
other lands for comparison.

Period, is stated in dynasties, I to XXX.
Figures, describes the figures in the plates from amulets
where a number follows the
104 pp.
in dictionaries.
(now
in
New York)
is
my
notes.
from the notes
The Murch
of
Mr. A. C.
CHAPTEE
III
AMULETS OF SIMILARS
Homopoeic Amulets,
26.
This class of amulets is the most primitive in its nature,

but in Egypt it was mainly adapted to the service of the
dead.
In order that the various functions of life should be
Varieties and Period.

In the Old Kingdom it is usually
roughly cut in carnelian or sard. In Boman times it is
made in black steatite without a neck.
continued, models of the different parts of the body were

Thus the amulets would ensure
placed with the mummy.
2b
2a, carnelian,
Figures.
group
2b, carnelian,
group 2
the seeing, hearing, taste, force to act, use of the hands

and the feet, and other functions. Other similars would
2, green felspar, group 9

2c, carnelian, group 3
2d, e,
5
blue
2f 2, carnelian,
bone, group
2f,
glaze, group 12
group 7 (2a to f about Vlth dynasty); 2g, blue glaze,
ensure growth and flourishing, watchfulness, and protection

from wild beasts. In this way the safety, well-being, and
Boman
dead in a future
activity of the
black lines, XVIIIth dynasty 2h, onyx rudely cut as a face,

2k, 1, pi. xliv, black
(?); 2j, black steatite, Boman
;
life
steatite,
Boman.
Carnelian 10, Black steatite
Materials.
Bone
2,
Green
Museum
1,
Univ.
Collections.
26).
felspar
Name.
HEAD BEARDED.
the
name
of the bearded
B, face front and back.
to see
C,
la,
blue-green
glaze,
bluer in hollows,
child?) and shoulders.
See
as
lb from
Collection.
that of Horus, the
is
markings
being derived from the feather pattern on a hawk's

~
by means of the eye of the god.

Sometimes inlaid with obsidian, white lime-
Saft,
Green glaze
2, lc
Univ. Coll. P. 8.
2.
wood
of the coffin.
Bifeh,
x a)
pi.
and many
in Cairo.
Amber.
EYE.
4.
Name.
Ari.
The power
Meaning.
FACE.
Her means
the face, always figured front view,

with a short, wide beard, different from that of
See
Tep.
the foreign figure in Hierakonpolis,
pi. i.
"
"
or
Meaning. While as a hieroglyph it means
facing
"
over-against," it is probably used as an amulet of the
power of the senses.
XXIII
Period.
Figures.
Boman
(?),
Boman.
4a, green glaze
4a 2, gold foil found at Ha wara,

4b 2, same 4b 3, same, in a
4b, blue-green glaze
square.
Materials.
Collection.
of sight.
Single, or three together.
Varieties.
Name.
British
in
Israelite Cities, xxxvii a.
Materials.
6,
Otherwise painted on the coffin.

Period.
Inlaid in Xllth dynasty, from Assyut 28,118
(Cairo), from Dahshur 28,100 (Cairo)
painted in IVth,
and Xllth, Bifeh (Manchester) (Gizeh and
Tarkhan
flat
Hyksos and
Murch
stone, lazuli, blue glass, or copper, in the
back, loop broken from top

lb, yellow green glaze, face
front and back, notch between two beards ; lc, amber head
(of
23,
Varieties.
XXV Ptolemaic (?).
Figures,
P.
placed upon the left side of the coffin, opposite to the head,
in order that the deceased might have the power of seeing
out.
The deceased being identified with Horus, he is able
head and shoulders.

Period.
2,
Meaning. As the eye of Horus it will be dealt with

under 138 to 142.
Here it is to be included as being
the historic Egyptian.

Meaning. The chief or head-man, but possibly referring,
as an amulet, to the power of the senses.
A, single face.
Blue glaze
UZAT EYE.
The uzat eye
cheeks.
Varieties.
it
3,
1.
3.
Name.
below
head from the

Tep
earliest times.
In the hieroglyph the beard is turned up
at the end, like the beard of the men of Punt, and the hair
is worn long
this seems to be an earlier type than that of
is
Onyx
Coll.
3.
1.
were secured by the

These amulets
appropriate similar placed with the body.
are classed here as parts of the body, from the head downward (1 17), and then the animal figures which would
ensure the welfare of the body (18
Green glaze
Univ.
4,
Gold 1.
E. 1.
Coll. P. 3,
AMULETS OF SIMILARS
EAR.
5.
Name.
name.
"
Mes-zer,
carnelian, gold or glass ; very

Ptolemaic.
in XXVIth.
Producing the distant," a functional
calcite
on a
tablet.
back, pierced with hole
flat
for suspension ; 5a 2, full blue glaze

For tablets see Memphis I.
schist.
5c,
see type
green glaze on
7j, lazuli
glaze, 4.
Univ. Coll. P. 8, E. 1.
basalt
7g
blue paste
2,
7j 2,
green volcanic ash
Zuweleyn
Anthrop.,
Univ.
P.
Coll.
Manchester
2,
2,
Oxford
is
opert
on the
will
coffins,
ah,
and
also hati
but the amulet

and in the title
of
of
711
Green glaze 15, Haematite 15, Variegated glass 9, Lazuli

8, Porphyry 8, Limestone 8, Green jasper 8, Steatite 6,
Serpentine 6, Gold 5, Quartz 4, Beryl 4, Bed limestone 4,
Red jasper 4, Obsidian 3, Prase 3, Agate 3, Blue glass 3,
Amethyst 2, Red glass 2, Red and white breccia 2, 1 each of
Brown jasper, Green felspar, Green volcanic ash, Pink
granite, Granite, Calcite, Alabaster, Black glass, Bronze,
Gilt wood.
"
the 27th, to be engraved on green felspar,

underworld
"
Whereby the heart of a person is not taken from him in
"
the 28th and 29th with the same title
the underworld
;
"
Another chapter of the heart upon carnelian.
the 29th B,
I am the Heron, the soul of Ra, who conducts the glorious
It is
6 on neck
Positions.
upon the
16,
the chapter (Lacau, p. 125). The chapters relating to the

heart in the Book of the Dead are the 26th, to be engraved
"
on lazuli, Whereby the heart is given to a person in the
ones to the Duat.
blue-green glaze
4,
figured on the back.

Type E, 7g, calcite.
Materials.
Carnelian and sard 26, Basalt 19, Blue glaze
named
the chief part as referring to the
named
7k
Munich, Boston, Chicago,
HEART.
The physical heart
is
7.
the heart
sard
glaze,
Type D, 7n, blue glaze, Ptolemaic,
26
7n 2, blue glass, burnt. This type
Dendereh, group
in
the heart scarabs, where the akhet bird is
appears also
Glasgow, Leicester, Aberdeen, Bolton.
Names.
3,
same marks.
1 each in Brussels,
2,
p. 36.
In mouth.
Collection.
7j 6,
7j 4,
(pi. xliv),
Gold.
Position.
green glaze, Ulahun, XXII 7m, violet glaze, with

7p, rough blue
bright blue inlay of crescent and heart sign
Type C, 7o, light
glaze, Ptolemaic, Dendereh, group 21.
both
side
7o 2, dark blue
same
marks
on
green glaze,
of speech.
See Labyrinth, xxxvi,
Figures.
Material.
red glass
bronze 7j 9, 10, white limestone

7k 2, black
7k, dark brown jasper
7j 8,
4,
serpentine
black steatite
7j 3,
steatite
7h
7g,
7h 2,
blue glaze, trace of wreath round shoulder, XVIII
71,
Meaning. Power
Boman.
Period.
brown
7j 5,
(8, 9, 10, Nebesheh)

and green serpentine, 7k
Nes.
7h, light blue glass
7h 3, grey serpentine
Name.
7a 2,
green glass with
and white breccia burnt brown
7f 2, red
green glaze
7j 7,
TONGUE.
6.
carnelian
xlv),
(pi.
7c, clear
blue glass, Zuweleyn
Blue
Collection.
7bb
A, 7a, 7b,
8,
white breccia
5a, b, blue glaze,
Materials.
XVIII.
Figures.
7a
common
in XVIIIth, of
in various materials
green felspar
yellow and white stripes, XVIII ; 7cc, gold (pi. xliii) ; 7d,
violet glaze, with wreath and lotus pendant upon it, possibly
a vase model, XVIII
7f, red and
7e, red and white jasper
for gaining the ear of the god.

Varieties.
B, ear incised
A, simple ear.
Type
Figures.
when a mummy
Meaning. The power of hearing
a prayer tablet,
on
when
amulet, for conferring hearing
Period.
In Vlth, carnelian, but rare
Period.
down
to
2 on
breast
left
15 from top
Cairo 51, Univ. Coll. P. 27, E. 14, St.

Turin
21, Athens 17, Alnwick 13, Price 9,
Petersburg 33,
Collections.
Edinburgh
7,
Murch
7.
granted to their has to come forth
earth, to do whatsoever their ha willeth.
It is
to come forth upon the

granted to the ba of the Osiris
earth to do whatsoever his ka willeth." This chapter is
referred to by the figure of the heron or akhet bird upon the

backs of some hearts and heart scarabs. The 30th chapter
is that inscribed on the heart scarabs, and will be given
under 90, the heart scarab.

Meaning. The power of living and will. In Italy a heart
bone is worn against the evil eye and heart disease
(Bell., xii, 10 xiii, 11, 18).
8.
Names.
Varieties.
A, plain without side projections. B, with
side projections of arteries.
C, with marks on the front,
as figs. 7m, o.
D, with the akhet bird, representing the
which resides in the heart, as
E, with the sun's disc over
it,
fig.
BREAST.
Menz.
Power
Meaning.
of lactation.
An
Italy for the increase of milk (Bell.,

Varieties.
Flat to rounded.
Period.
of
spirit or illumination
low on chest.
All Ptolemaic and
ivory ball
is
worn
in
xii, 11).
Roman.
wax
gilt, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 20

with black nipple, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,
8a,
Figures.
blue glaze
8b,
group 21.
Materials.
Wood
7n.
Position.
as 7g.
Collections.
10
Blue-green glaze
gilt 1.
On
breast.
Univ. Coll. P.
3.
1,
Gold
foil
1,
Wax
gilt
1,
AMULETS OF SIMILARS
ARM.
9.
13.
SECOND FINGERS.
Bent Qeb forearm Remen.

Meaning. Power of action.
Names.
Varieties.
Period.
A, bent.
A VI.
Unknown.
Name.
Sexual power
Meaning.
B, straight.
Type B, green
glaze.
Green glaze
2.
Roman.
13a, dark blue glaze;
Figures.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
Turin
1,
Ka, from
1.
ARMS.
Blue glaze.
implying the
The power
Meaning.
Blue or green glaze.

Cairo 2, Univ. Coll. P.
Material.
Collections.
HAND
11.
Name.
United action
Meaning.
back; 10a
flat
2,
green glaze,
Period.
Power
Varieties.
Right and
2, Brit.
Mus.
1.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
OPEN.
of action.
Name.
green glaze
xxvi, 4, 10, 13
Uort.
carnelian
Period.
Vth and Vlth dynasties.

15a, carnelian whitened,
3,
Bone
Univ.
Murch
3,
Price
Mus. 5, Turin
Of those where the side
P. 12, Brit.
Coll.
3.
noted there are 12 right hands, 16
15c, light red agate,
15c
12.
sard,
3,
4,
is
glyph
Univ. Coll. P. 15 (groups
Collections.
4, Brit.
FIST CLENCHED.
Mus.
Name.
Vigorous action, as in the determinative hiero-
12d,
e,
Roman.
12a
3, sard,
group
12b, sard, group 3; 12b

groups
1
12b
2, 3, group
4, green felspar, group 3
12c, bone,
13
12c
2
12c 5, group 3
4, sard, group 1
;
12d,
group
12a 4
6, sard,
;
6,
7,
PHALLUS.
16a, blue glaze with yellow
40).
Petersburg
Collections.
entirely of
steatite, crescent and other signs on base ; 12d 2, steatite

bird on base; 12e (pi. xlvi), steatite, crescent.
This type,
Univ. Coll. P. 5 (groups 23, 27), E.
2, St.
The whole figures (16e, green glaze) are

Graeco-Roman age, and there is no trace of any
2.
such amulet in use by Egyptians.
Univ. Coll. P.
1,
E.
1,
green glaze.
seems to be Roman, under Syrian or Asianic

See Deshasheh, xxvi, 17, 19, 20, 24
influence.
3 of
12d,
Murch
3.
2,
1.
1, 2, 7, 14),
18b, red glass, and

23
16c,
d,
gold, Memphis, group 27.
group
Materials.
Gold 2, Green glaze 4, Green glaze with
yellow points 1, Red glass 2, Haematite 1.
16b
12a, sard, group 3;
Figures.
2,
milky and
15e4, group 1;
Only Roman.
Figures.
Right and Left.
VI
Peiiod.
Moza, Moza-kherti entire (MacG.
Period.
of action.
Varieties.
group 7;
Sard or Carnelian 21, Glaze
Materials.
Khefo.
Meaning.
15c
15d,
16.
Name.
showing heel;
brown agate; 15e, sard; also 15e 2, 3

15e 5, 6, group 2 15f, sard, group 14.
hands.
left
showing ankle bone,

15b 2, light
smaller, group 2; 15b, carnelian
2,
brown agate;
Grey
2,
15a
left leg;
similar, smaller;
4,
LEG.
Figures
c, d,
Wrist.
Collections.
13.
1.
He,
lib,
1.
Position.
tomb
See Deshasheh,
llg, green glaze, Zaraby.
2 of carnelian ; 1 grey agate.
Carnelian 29, Green glaze
Materials.
2.
In Italy a leg carved in

Meaning. Power of walking.
bone is an evil eye charm (Bell., xiii, 19).
Left.
11a, bone, group 6
f,
Univ. Coll. P.
3,
SIDE BY SIDE.
1$, blue glaze, Mahasna,

Figure.
Material.
Blue glaze.
VI.
Figures.
Turin
(?)
15.
Meaning.
1,
VI.
Det.
Period.
L.
Unknown.
Name.
XVIII.
10a, blue glaze,

Figure.
Riqqeh, 257.
Cairo
and intention.
of will
4,
TWO HANDS
14.
activities of the will.
Period.
Cairo R.
Collections.
dynasty onwards
iBt
dark blue glaze
13b,
with yellow points, group 22.

Materials.
TWO
10.
Name.
eye in Italy,
Right and Left.
Varieties.
glaze,
Period.
Materials.
evil
Against
(?).
Bell., xv, 11.
Greenish-blue
Figures.
Turin.
agate
THUMB BETWEEN FIRST AND
FIST,
e,
17.
SMA.
carnelian
Materials.
brown limestone.
Carnelian 23, Steatite
Brown limestone
felspar 1,
Position.
1,
Bone
2,
Blue glaze
2,
Green
Meaning. Union,
Tombs, ii, II.
1.
Wrist.
Univ. Coll. P. 17, Price 3, Brit. Mus.

those noted there are 15 right fists, 5 left fists.
Collections.
"
Name. Sma, " union (Lacau, 80); also By, "joy" or
"
"
"
comp. French fille de joie."
ecstasy (Lacau, 88)
2.
Of
Period.
amulets
11
Form
all of
see earliest
figured on
XXVI.
VI
form
XIII
1st dynasty,
coffins as
Royal
an emblem
AMULETS OF SIMILARS
Yellow limestone
1,
of stomach, umbilicus.
Cairo
Collections.
16, Univ. Coll. P.
Petersburg 2, Alnwick 2, Price 2.
St.
5,
Turin
St.
2,
(1)
on chest
lower part of stomach (1).

Cairo A 33,
Collections.
1.
Base
Position.
On neck
Position.
17a, b, c, e, obsidian; 17d, black porphyry.

Figures.
Obsidian 25 (?), Haematite 2, Black porphyry
Materials.
"
Heqt=Rana, Frog.
spotty old
man "=Bufo (?)
frog
for Ab-nekhekh,
the
is
swiftness
and
to symbolise fecundity.
may
131e
prehistoric
greenish-grey serpentine
18d, cut on a Nerita shell ; 18e, limestone, Hawara, XII ; 18f,
limestone, rude scrolls, and uaz pattern on base, Hawara,
;
XII; 18g, Rana, bronze; 18h, Rana, bronze; 18j, Rana,

bright red glazed pottery, yellow eyes, late XVIII; 18k,
Rana, green glaze, XVIII 18k 2, Rana, violet glaze, sa sign
on base, XVIII 181, Bufo, calcite, group 13, Vlth dynasty
18m, Bufo, black and yellow serpentine 18n, green felspar
18o, green glass, two latter for inlaying 18p, four frogs on
base, blue glaze, black marks, two crocodiles, head to tail,
incised on base.
Materials. Green
Glazed pottery 38, Glazed stone 3,
Prase 3, Green felspar 4, Green jasper 2, Glass 2. Other
;
Bronze
Lazuli
5,
Carnelian
7,
Quartz crystal 2, Serpentine 3, Steatite 2, LimeDiorite 2, 1 each of Haematite, Chalcedony, Agate,

Amethyst, Porphyry, Calcite, Violet glaze, Red glaze,
stone
4,
3,
Ivory, Shell.
See Desliasheh, xxvi, 25.
XII,
Kahun
See also
(xlv).
Serpentine
1,
Glazed steatite
1.
Necklaces.
Univ. Coll. P. 52, Murch
6, Brit.
Mus.
See
2.
PAPYRUS SCEPTRE.
Uaz (MacG.
50).
Meaning.
Flourishing, as of green plants; youth.
"
The chapter
of
the Book of the Dead reads
159
Chapter
of the column of green felspar put on the neck of the
:
thou who comest out every day, in the divine

.
she
house, she who has a big voice, who goeth round
takes hold of the potent formulae of her father, the
deceased.
mummy
which
is
on the
Period.
bull.
XXVI
She
is
Renent."
XXX, the age when the
goddess Uazet
was most worshipped.

Figures.
common
yellow glaze, late XVIII.
pi. lviii.
Name.
less
fly,
20.
XVIIIth and XXIInd dynasties, as 18j, k and

some in the XXVIth.
18a, Bufo, hard grey steatite; 18b, Rana(f),
Figures.
1,
Collections.
Naqada,
Yellow glaze 30, Blue paste 18, Gold 4, Green

Lazuli 3, Jasper 2, Pink limestone 2, Green
Position.
separately
B. Group of three frogs.
much
19k, dragon
porpyhry
C. Group of
A. Single frog.
four frogs.
Period.
Many examples are known from the prehistoric
as
18a, b; others in the Old Kingdom, as 181;
timeB,
colours are
glaze 3,
We may note
18c, Bufo, ivory,
pink limestone,
Materials.
outstanding, and often ribbed down the back, Rana mascareniensis.

These are not however generally distinguished in
c,
of
string
xlvi); 19j,
to
in the
19b,
19e, gold,
be two more species represented, a wide form, the toad, with the leg3 bidden by the
body, Bufo viridis ; and a slender form, the frog, with the legs
many
distinct
XVIIIth dynasty
prehistoric
XII 19g,
blue
black
Kahun,
19f,
212,
19f,
paste,
glaze;
XII
19h, green glaze (pi.
(pi. xliv)
green glaze, Kahun,
the lamp.
collections.
in
19d, d 2, red jasper
lamps {Roman Ehnasya, pi. lxiii, lxiv),

it and a text quoted on
There appear
manner
19a, green serpentine
Figures.
be no connection between
Varieties.
the
The fly with rounded wings appears

Varieties.
from a sharper-bodied form with pointed wings.
Period.
Prehistoric, XII and XVIII.
Diz. Mit. 853), which has been accepted as indicating the

meaning of the frog. As however the frog is one of the
of
FLY.
The great collar of gold flies found with

the jewels of Aah-hotep and Karnes is in Cairo.
however, another meaning suggested by a frog-pattern

"
"
lamp, with the quotation I am the Resurrection (Lanzone,
there
Price
thus decorated.
is,
commonest types
Univ. Coll. P. 20,
1,
which the decoration is named

almost indicates that there was a corps of aides de cam})
for 100,000.
of birth,
bowl with frogs

modelled all over the interior and round the edge, found at
Tell Rotab (Hi/ksos and Israelite Cities, pis. xxxii, xxxivB),
There
might well be for giving potions against sterility.
would appear
it
Ofef (Z. A. S., 1883, 78).

Meaning. The collar of gold flies, given to a very active
(Bebasted Records, ii, 23, 585,
fighter in XVIIIth dynasty
was
an emblem of activity or
that
the
fly
587) suggests
Toad.
The tadpole is the hieroglyph

emblem of Heqt, the goddess
Meaning.
The
Abnekh
(1)
Name.
FROG AND TOAD.
Names.
arm
1.
Edinburgh
4,
19.
18.
1,
right
Petersburg 14, Murch 11, Turin 10, Alnwick 10,
Athens
9,
(7)
20a, black
and white
glass,
black, white and yellow glass, XVIII

20e
20d, d 2, d 3, green glaze faded
;
Tahutmes
III
20b,
20c, c 2, green glaze

e 10, green glaze ; 20f
green-gone-brown glaze; 20f2, haematite; 20f 8 5, green

felspar; 20f 6, 7, green glaze 20g, brown limestone; 20g2,
dull green calcite 20h, blue glaze, XVIII (?). A stem of the
;
sceptre, like 20c, green glaze,
Klwnsu
yellow leaves,
"
is
inscribed
nefer hotep upt renpet nefer,

Khonsu-nefer-hotep
open a good year." See green felspar amulet of Khaemuas
(Mabiette, Serapeum, iii, xx).
Materials.
Green glaze 38, Blue glaze 35, Green felspar
16, Beryl 4, Prase 2, Green diorite 2, Green calcite 1 thus
Of other colours
more than two-thirds are green or blue.
;
12
AMULETS OF SIMILARS
there are Haematite 14, Lazuli 8, Carnelian 2, Basalt 2,
2, Black and white glass 2, Gold
Steatite 1, Brown limestone 1.
Blue glass
Schist
1,
1,
Serpentine
1,
valorous."
used
Possibly
title
for
ao pehti, "great and

protection from wild
beasts.
V.VI.
Period.
Lazuli
Materials.
1,
Uaz.
To be
Meaning.
as durable as neshem stone
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
PAPYRUS ON A PLAQUE.
green
Blue paste
Name.
Chapter 160 of the Book of the Dead is as follows

Giving the column of green felspar. I am the column of
green felspar, which cannot be crushed, and which is raised
by the hand of Tahuti. Injury is an abomination to it. If
1.
Greenglaze
Turin
1,
1.
CLAW.
24.
fels-
1,
Wrist.
Position.
21.
Mahasna, tomb 461. Deshasheh,
23, blue paste,
Figures.
xxvi, 1 lazuli.
2.
Edinburgh
Name.
Valour, as in the
Meaning.
Forehead (1)
throat (1); top and middle
rows on chest (11) stomach (1, Dendereh), or low on
stomach (2, Nebesheh, Abydos).
Collections.
Cairo 45, Turin 34, Univ. Coll. P. 17, E. 9,
St. Petersburg 18, Price 10, Alnwick 8, Athens 4, Murch 8,
Position.
LEOPARD HEAD.
23.
Name. Peh.
Og&t.
par.
Leopard's claw used for protection from wild

Museum). Cray fish claw
against evil eye (Bell., xi, 3). Elk's claw (Bell., xiv, 3).
Meaning.
"
Period.
not injured, I am not injured

if it receives no cut, I receive no cut.
Said by Tahuti, arise,
come in peace, lord of Heliopolis, lord who resides in Pu.
When Shu has arrived, he found the stone at Shenemu, as
it is safe, I
am
beasts, Central Africa (Leicester
safe
if it is
21a,
Figures.
dull green felspar, in relief
21c, dull green felspar
half as large again, dull green felspar.

Materials.
Green felspar 21, Beryl
Sard
21c
Throat
Collections.
(1)
Cairo 10,
Roman.
886
24h, j,
Natural claw, Shurafa, Roman,
;
Name.
Middle of chest, and shoulders (5).

Alnwick 5, Turin 4, Univ. Coll. P. 4,
Sard
1,
TOOTH.
Nazhi.
Meanings.
1,
5,
2,
2,
Price 3, St. Petersburg 3.
Human tooth, for toothache
(Pliny, xxviii, 11).
Child's, first shed, for pains (P. xxviii, 9). Lion's, for gaining
favour (P. xxviii, 25). Leopard's, to gain aid of friend's
Central Africa (Leicester Museum).
spirit,
ache (P.
Hyaena, tooth-
xxviii, 27) ;
pain in stomach, nightmare
of
to
strike animals in hunting
right upper,
(P. xxviii, 27) ;
(P. xxviii, 27). Wolf's, for dentition (P. xxviii, 28).
Dog's,
of left side,
quartan fever (P. xxx, 80), evil eye, hydrophobia (Bell., xii, 9,
15 xiii, 1). Horse's, evil eye (Bell., xii, 8). Deer's, repels
serpents (P. xxviii, 42). Wild boar's, evil eye (Bell., xii, 5).
JACKAL HEAD.
22.
tomb
Mahasna,
Red porphyry 1, Green serpentine

Actual claw of large bird, vulture (?) 1.
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P. 10.
21b,
1.
Position.
sard,
25.
;
Serpentine
3,
24g,
Materials.
of hard stone they probably

dynasty, before glass became
green felspar, fine colour, incised
f,
Bronze
As these are always
XXVIth
e,
bronze, Illahun,
pi. xiv, 24k.
name is neshem. He (deceased) makes his abode in the

enclosure of the great god; whilst Turn resides in his
dwelling, his limbs will never be crushed."
Period.
c, green serpentine;
claws
all the previous,
green serpentine, probably
prehistoric
its
belong entirely to the

common for amulets.
24a, red porphyry; 24b,
Figures.
24d,
Roman.
Prehistoric,
Name. Unknown.
Meaning. To find the way in the future world, as the
jackal was
"
the opener of ways

or perhaps for watchfulness.
Period.
V.VI.
Figures. 22a, bone, group 8
"
(up-uatu) in the desert
Pig's, dentition (Bell., xii, 3). Boar's tusk, evil
Am.
Fossil shark's,
Crocodile's right tooth, aphrodisiac
22b, yellow sard, group 3

carnelian, group 7
22d, pink
;
Varieties.
Materials.
Sard and carnelian
16,
Collection.
Blue glaze
Bone
1,
8,
Wood
Roman.
tooth of crocodile set in gold ; 25d, figure of a tooth carved

in bone; 25e, blue-green glaze, Roman; 25f, blue-green
xlv.
felspar 2, Green limestone 2, Lazuli 1,

Position.
Wrist.
pi.
eye teeth, for periodic

28 xxxii, 50).
Fossil shark teeth.
Glazed
;
xxviii,
25a, tooth of shark, fossil, one of the Lamnidae,

Figures.
set in copper
25b, tooth of crocodile set in silver ; 25c,
Crocodile teeth.
pottery figure.
XXII to
Period.
and aphrodisiac (Pliny,
fevers
group 13 22c 2,
22d 2, minute carnelian, group 10 22e, bone
steatite.
22e 2, carnelian, group 7
22f 2, same,
22f, carnelian
1
ruder, group
22g, green felspar
22g 2, green felspar,
22 k, carnelian
22h, j, green limestone
group 30
22 1, m, n, o, blue glaze, Zaraby, Vlth dynasty 22p, ebony,
22c, calcite,
eye (Bell.,
Dolphin's, infant's fright (P. xxxii, 48).

dentition and lightning, (Bell., xi, 29).
58, Fet. 35).
Green
glaze
of
1.
25g, tusk carved from shell, prehistoric

tied to knotted cord, pi. xviii, 131f.
hyaena
Materials.
Univ. Coll. P. 27.
1,
18
Shell
1,
Actual teeth
Carnelian
1.
4,
25h, tooth
Green glazed pottery
2,
Bone
AMULETS OF SIMILARS
On neck
Position.
cord knotted.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
Si-nehem, possibly
"
Protection from locusts
Meaning.
Murch
Period.
1.
(?).
Koman.
Prehistoric, XVIII,
26a, b, grass-green and yellow glazes. XVIII.

Figures.
Materials.
Limestone 1, Yellow glaze 2, Green glaze 1.
LOCUST.
26.
Name.
8,
son of Nehemat," a goddess.
Univ. Coll. P. 2, Turin
Collections.
CHAPTEE
1,
Murch
1.
IV
AMULETS OF POWERS
Dynatic Amulets, 27
The
idea of conferring powers upon the dead by means

of amulets, is a logical development of the previous idea of
continuance of the faculties. If the hand amulet could
61.
Throat
Position.
Athens
Collections.
St.
give the power of action, so the amulet of the sceptre which

the hand held, could confer the power connected with the
(1)
Petersburg
2,
breast
13,
Murch
Meaning.
E.
4,
1,
DUCKLING.
Virility.
VI.
29a, sard, group 7

Figures.
Materials.
Sard 1, Bone 1.
Univ. Coll. P.
Za.
Period.
wagtail or duckling
by emblems, as the head-rest or
or
models
of objects, as the stairs or the
plummet
by
8,
2.
29.
Name.
When once this idea was grasped, the

sceptre in real life.
various kinds of powers could be conferred. This was
carried out by means of hieroglyphs of the ideas, as the
(5).
Alnwick
29b, bone, group 6.
Each
crown.
amulets gave the powers of

or
of
or
of
In this class of
conditions,
qualities,
authority.
amulets they act by symbolism of some kind, and not as
30.
Meaning.
Period.
is
a belief in reincarnation.
(?).
Varieties.
A, pendant.
VI.
bone, group 5
27a, b,
27b
Bone
2,
Carnelian
2,
smaller,
car-
30a,
Figures.
1.
21
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
XIX
Period.
Necklace.
Position.
B, on open-work ball bead.
C,
between two uas.
group 10.
Materials.
MAN'S GIRDLE TIE.
Onkh, Onkh-er-ta kher-redui-f (Lacau, 113).

Meaning. Life. "Many lives (pi.) upon the earth that
"
beneath his feet (L. 113): the plural of life may imply
WAGTAIL.
Conferring greatness
Figures.
nelian,
2.
Name.
"
Sign for great," ur.
Name.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection,
direct similars like the previous class.

27.
Necklace.
Position.
of these kinds of
blue glaze,
30b, light blue glaze,
green glaze,
3.
to Ptolemaic.
Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group

30b 2, green glaze 30c,
Memphis
Sams collection; 30d,blue glaze, XIX dynasty (?)
(pl.xliv); 30e, wax, gilt, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 20 30f,

dark blue glass, type C 30g, dull blue glazed ball, alternate
with rams' heads bearing disc, XXV
30h, red jasper
;
HUMAN-HEADED
28.
Name.
Ba.
BIRD.
Ha-ran-herot (MacG. 49, for Haru-neher,
full of face?).
Meaning. Human
owl living in tombs.
Varieties.
wings.
Period,
(pi. xlvi).
soul,
A, plain.
probably derived from large-faced
See Mahasna, xxxiv, tomb 435, gold.
Gold 1, Green glaze 12, Blue glaze

Black glaze 1, Dark blue glass, C
Purple glaze
Materials.
1,
B, double.
C, crowned.
D, spread
jasper
head 28a 2, violet glass

Figures.
and
Bide
black glaze 28c, green
28b, double,
by side, green
and black glaze; 28d, blue and black glaze, Ptolemaic,
28a, violet glass, white
Price
1,
Red
1,
1, St.
Chest (Hawara) on feet (Dendereh).

Turin 8, Cairo 8, Univ. Coll. P.
;
Collections.
to Ptolemaic.
1.
Position.
XXVI
8,
Petersburg
6,
E.
1,
1.
31.
NEFER.
Name.
Nefer, supposed to be derived from the heart and

windpipe, as the markings are similar to those upon the
group 21.
Green glaze 3, Blue glaze 8, Grey glaze 1,

Bed glass 2, Lazuli 2, White glass 1, Blue and white glass 3,
Blue glass 7, Green glass 1, Black glass 1 D, Gold inlaid
Materials.
ab sign.
Meaning.
Period.
(Hor-uza, Hawara).
14
Beauty or excellence.
XVIII.
AMULETS OF POWERS
31a
31a, blue glaze;
Figures.
XVIIIth dynasty.
Materials.
Gold 6, Haematite
obsidian
2,
31b
(pi. xliv),
gold,
2,
Obsidian
1,
Blue glaze
1.
conFirst in tombs of Ilnd dynasty, full size

tinued to the Xllth, and then also painted on coffins ; as
Period.
small amulets,
Necklace.
Position.
7,
E.
1, St.
Petersburg
2.
rough
21
SISTRUM.
32.
Sesh-shet (MacG. 16).

Meaning. Joy, especially in the dance.
Emblem
of
Basalt
"
Hathor.
XXVI.
Meroe
32a 2, small, blue

Figures.
Hathor
head
with
wig.
glaze 32b, green glaze,
Materials.
Green felspar 1, green glaze, 3, blue glaze, 1.
Univ. Coll. P. 2, E. 1, Price 1, Athens 1.
Collections.
;
COUNTERPOISE OF COLLAR.
With a
Name. Menat.
*
MacG. 37).
Menkhet (Lacau, 441
Joy, health.
Varieties.
A, plain.
Pedu-heb-bast eternally
"
;
"
Pedu-ast, son of Zed-nebt-arnu-auf-red

33c, c 2, blue glaze, plain
glaze, plain
;
"
Bronze
33b, light green
33d, dark green
top,
group
Blue glaze
light green glaze,
Materials.
"
Bast on the stem, Nehebka (?)

"
33e, pi. xliv,
says Bast of (pa) Bast
on the
reverse
disc,
Left breast,
16.
13,
wood 1.
Back of neck
Cairo 34, Alnwick 15, Univ. Coll. P. 3, E.

Petersburg 11, Edinburgh 5, Turin 4, Price 4, Murch
Name.
Green glaze
11,
Green felspar
to thee.
put on the neck of this Kim, he arrives at the doors of the

Duat, and he comes forth by day, even though he be silent.
This zad is put in its place on the first day of the year, as
is done to the followers of Osiris."
is
2,
Price 11, Turin 7, Univ. Coll. P. 4, E. 2, St.
Figures.
at
HEAD-REST.
paration of
"
to
Roman.
35a, sard, Vlth dynasty

c
(?)
35b, blue glaze,
2c 12, pale green, Hawara, XXVI;
35c 13, 14,
red glass
35c 15, yellow steatite 35c 16, white limestone
35c 17 22, green glaze 35d, pale green
35e, pale green,
Hawara
35f, green, the top peg of the column much
;
Urs, of various woods, cedar (Lacau, 110), shen
B, crowned with feathers and horns.

D, with two apes (MacG. 74). E, with Hathor.
A, plain.
VI
XVIII; 35c,
2.
Meaning.
Here
have given thee the water thou needest.
have brought to thee the zad, in which thy heart

Said on a zad of gold inlaid into the substance of
rejoiceth.
sycomore wood, and dipped into the juice of ankhamu. It
I
it is.
Varieties.
(4
is
Stability or duration.
C, double.
and mer
ZAD.
85.
Nilometer
Nebesbeh), lower chest
34.
(L. 105),
1.
only a modern guess.

The 155th chapter of
"
the Book of the Dead reads
Here is thy backbone thou
here is thy spine thou still-heart. Put it close
still-heart
of
Period.
Petersburg
4,
Name. Zad (MacG. 43).

Probably the four columns
which supported the heaven (Medum, 31, xiii) later mistaken by the Egyptians for the backbone of Osiris. The
(Abydos).
Collections.
low on stomach (Den-
left foot,
Collections.
St.
1, Gilt
Position.
3,
says Bastet, give life

the name shows the person
was begotten at the great festival of Bubastis. Head and

arms of Hathor 33a 2, light green glaze, " Hapi born of
on the
Green glaze
stone."
Meaning.
33a, light green glaze,
glaze, three cats
each of Red glaze, Dark glaze, Diorite, Wood,
2, 1
Brown
name
B. inscribed.
XXVI.
Figures.
large and
Hi
2,
Meaning.
Period,
to
fringe,
dereh), neck (Abydos).
33.
2,
Position.
32a, green felspar,
(pi. iv), blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group

34f, blue glaze (xlvi)
green glaze, Ptolemaic
34g, apple-green glaze (xlvi).

Materials.
Haematite 70, Blue glaze 6,
Name.
Period.
haematite
c 2, c 3, d,
c,
34e
34e
Ptolemaic.
XXVI
34a, b, b 2,
Figures.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
(L. 105).
Restoration of the head, after primitive prethe corpse.

The 166th chap. B.D. reads
Awake thy sufferings are

Chapter of the Headrest.
Thou
art
awaked
when thy head is above the
N.
allayed,
thou
art
horizon.
Stand up,
triumphant by means of what
developed
35g, green
and brown
glaze, crowned,
and with
two arms holding uas sceptres 35h, blue-green glaze, with

onkh and uas on neb sign; 35j, micaceous steatite; 35k,
;
Ptah has struck down thine

enemies. It has been ordered what should be done to thee.
Thou art Horus, the son of Hathor, the flame born of a
flame, to whom his head has been restored after it had
been cut off. Thy head will never be taken from thee
henceforth.
Thy head will never be carried away."
has been done to thee.
Varieties.
On
coffins
are
named
blue glass
351, blue glass, three
double capitals
35m,
yellow glass, Anpu holding the zad 35n, green glass, zad
35o (xliv), blue glaze faded,
crowned with sma feathers
;
on pi. iv.
Blue
Materials.
Green glaze 191,
glaze 56, Lazuli 87,
Carnelian 37, Grey glaze 6, Red glass 2, Gold 2, Obsidian
1, Blue glass 4, Yellow steatite 1.
Throat (2)
Position.
top of chest and base of chest
with 80d.
XIX,
See 39,
b, c, d,
the shen head-rest
(17)
across stomach
Cairo 64, St. Petersburg 53, Turin 40, Univ.

E.
11, Alnwick 8, Price 10, Edinburgh 9,
23,
Collections.
(Lacau, 105), the mer head -rest (L. 105) and the head-rest
of osh, cedar wood (L. 110).
Solid block head-rests were
Coll.
P.
Athens
copied in Ptolemaic time.
15
8,
(8).
Murch
2.
AMULETS OF POWERS
SQUARE.
36.
Name. Kheses, square, connected with Seqeq, the plummet (see next) a play of words similar to the variation of
;
two Arah words
for glass, Qizaz
Rectitude
Meaning.
(?).
and Zigag.
not the hap sign, carried
It is
by kings in festival, as that is acute-angled and equal-sided,

whereas this is right-angled and unequal, and is always
associated with the plummet.
Period.
XXVI to Ptolemaic.
36a, b, b 2,
Figures.
c, d, e,
e 2,
haematite
f,
36g
2,
86g, blue
green glaze
36h, pale green glaze, fine work.
plummet; stomach.
Univ. Coll. P. 10, E.
6,
Turin
4,
Edinburgh 8,
2,
Athens
3,
St.
Petersburg
9,
Murch
1.
Price
1,
Seqeq (see previous).

Meaning. Making equilibrium.
Qeqt, determined
by a
where
the
sun
is
in
plummet,
Aswan,
between
north
and
south
at
midsummer.
equilibrium
Probably worn to impart an evenly-balanced mind, which
the
is
name
of
XXVT
to
(Mariette, Serapeum, iii, xi).

Materials.
Obsidian 4, Black jasper
1,
Green glass
Collection.
Roman.
;
and were probably not truly distinguished by the

The Materials and Collections stated here are
therefore restricted to those which can be verified.
logues,
Egyptians.
OSTRICH PLUMES.
39.
Shuti, the two
plumes or Shed-shed.
plumes were supposed to fly
in
the
the
wind,
away
bearing
king's soul (Sethe in Mahasna,
and
the
of
19),
pair
plumes therefore were provided as a
vehicle for the soul of the deceased.
The single plume is
The two
ostrich
probably the emblem of Maat.
Double plume.
XIX
Single plume.
to Ptolemaic.
39a, b, obsidian
Figures.
39a
2,
obsidian
Univ. Coll. P.
St.
Petersburg
Murch
Turin
9,
6,
8,
E. 2, Alnwick 10, Cairo
Price 2, Athens 2,
Edinburgh
9,
white
limestone
39b
FORKED LANCE.
basalt
slate
2,
39b
3, b 4,
To confer the power
opening
of the
Varieties.
of
glaze (xlvi).
Materials.
The
different
B.C.
6000
10
b.c.
5500
3, 4,
Osiris lord of Restau.
Obsidian
Varieties.
Period.
1:2
4000
B.C.
16
Ramessu
The high
II;
39f,
priest,
green
Serpentine
chest
Univ. Coll. P.
5,
(6)
E.
6,
stomach (2).
Athens 4, Edinburgh
B.C,
DISC,
AND TWO HORNS.
Sma.
Meaning.
:2
3,
TWO PLUMES,
Name.
of
serpentine
39e (pi. xlvi)
2.
40.
speaking and feeding,

of the Dead, on the
forms descend as follows
1:6
6S00
39a
3, Basalt 2, 1 each of
Blackened
Alabaster, White limestone,
limestone, Green
Murch
Book
mouth.
"
green glass
xliv)
(pi.
Khaemuas," son
King's son,
mummy
Meaning.
39d
inscribed
Collections.
Name. Peseshkef, from pesesh to divide, the forked flint

lance being used to divide the mouth of the
in the
ceremony of "opening the mouth."
as described in Chapter 23 of the
wax
39c, gilt
glaze, Gilt wax.

Throat (1)
Positions.
1,
1.
88.
(2).
Collections.
(1).
(41) following, these three amulets are confused in cata-
on stomach
steatite 1,
Plumes (39) and Feathers
to the resemblance to the
Period.
37f blue
37a, b, b 2, c, c 2, d, e, e 2, haematite
Figures.
and black glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 37g, green
glaze, Ptolemaic, showing the plummet cord.
Materials.
Haematite 3, Slate 4, Blue glaze 4, Basalt 2,
"
Brown marble " 1, " Dark marble " 1, Green glaze 1.
Position.
Top and middle of chest or left breast (7), low
Black
2,
1.
Throat (1) chest (6) stomach

Position.
Varieties.
held up as a great virtue of character in the Proverbs.

Period.
form.
Meaning.
Name.
is
feathers; or if the flint forked lance was

cloth for a handle, it might then start this
similar form in carnelian is of prince Khaemuas
Names.
PLUMMET.
37.
mounted by
wrapped with
Owing
Haematite 46, Yellow limestone 4, Basalt 3,

Green glaze 4, Blue glaze 2, Lazuli 1.
Position.
Top row on chest, or left breast (6), with
Materials.
Collections.
Bronze
glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21
Alnwick
38a, b, black jasper; 38c, black steatite; 38d,

Figures.
These last
e, f, obsidian ; 38g, bronze
88h, green glass.
two may, perhaps, be intended for a clothing amulet sur-
The union
of different powers.
A, complete. B, disc and horns only.
Ptolemaic.
3000
B.C.
3,
AMULETS OF POWERS
40a, white glass plumes, red glass disc, purpleFigures.
black glass horns. Upon the zad, 40b, green and black
Period,
Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 40c, d, dark blue and

black glaze, Dendereh, group 26. See also 35n, green glass
glaze,
Abydos, group 10 (pi.

Materials.
Blue glaze
Position,
Coloured glass
3,
1.
Aoh (Lanzone, Diz. Mit., xxxvii).

Meaning. To voyage in the sky after the
4.
Mataials.
Position.
Mus.
41, hard brown limestone, Univ. Coll. E.

Figure,
Materials.
Serpentine 17, Basalt 4, Obsidian 4,
felspar 4,
Lazuli
1,
Green
"Yellow stone "4, Brown limestone 4, Haematite 8,
Black limestone 1, Beryl 1, Green slate 1, Green
diorite 1.
some
chest (3)
of
Top
middle row (1)
low on
(2).
Cairo 24, Athens 6, St. Petersburg 4,

2, Univ. Coll. E. 1, Edinburgh 1.
Perhaps
Collections.
Alnwick
Price
3,
of these really refer to
89.
the previous classes 38
Meaning.
the horizon
Period,
Brit.
1,
Khet.
Power
"
to
behold
up
to the
to see the gods,"
sky
This form
at his
coming forth
in
6 to 9 steps.
Varieties.
"
(Labyrinth, 36).
XXVI to Ptolemaic.
XXVI
Period.
to
XXX.
46, green glaze.

Figure.
Materials. Blue glaze 4, Green glaze 2.
Turin 3 of 7 steps, 1 of 9
Collections.
Blue glaze 4, Red glass 2, Red granite 1, Green glaze 1,

"
"
Green stone (Murch), Light green serpentine 1. Thus
Coll.
E.
chest.
3, St.
4,
Petersburg 3, Price 2,
43.
Ro
Name.
Name.
Cairo 11, Turin
Collections.
Univ. Coll. P.
Murch
2,
Bat.
Royal power of Lower Egypt.
Meaning.
VI
Period,
Ra
or
Re
XII dynasty.
Greek.
Sard, and carnelian
Materials.
To
Meaning.
see the sun.
XXVI
Period.
limestone
to Ptolemaic.
lime-
of chest (1)
48.
middle
of
stomach
Name.
(4)
Cairo 12, Turin 8, Edinburgh
2,
Upper Egypt.
XXVI.
48a, green
Figures.
green glaze
CROWNED
of
Univ. Coll.
SUN.
48c, 48c
2,
glass
48c
(?)
burnt
3, light
48b, 48b 2, light
2,
Green glass
1,
green glaze
48
d,
green glaze.
Materials.
Meaning.
Royal power
Meaning.
P. 2, St. Petersburg 1.
To
Black
WHITE CROWN.
Hezt (Lacau, 486)
Period.
44.
1,
left
hand (2).
Collections.
Blue glaze
9).
White
1.
Top
agate
9,
1.
Wrist, 2 (Deshasheh, xxvi, 3, 21).

British Museum 6, Univ. Coll. P. 4 (groups
Collections.
Position.
1,
Brown
Position.
43a, glaze faded white

43b, steatite.
Figures.
"
"
Materials.
Lazuli 8,
Black stone
3, Yellow
stone 2, Green felspar 1, Beryl 1, Agate 1, Granite 1,
glaze 2, Steatite
to XII.
47a, yellow sard, group 8 ; 47b, orange sard ;

Figures.
47c, blue paste, Mahasna, tomb 386; 47d, blue glaze,
DISC OF SUN.
pronounced Ria XVIII dynasty,
E.
1,
1.
Univ.
HORNET.
47.
Low on
steps,
1 of 6 steps, Price 2.
are red.
Position.
may
with a vignette showing a

have become confused with
Chapter 110.
Ra
Name.
Cairo
1,
In the Book of the Dead,

Meaning. Ascent to sky.
" I am
the
dead
Osiris the lord of Restau,
Chapter 22,
says
the same who is at the head of the staircase," up which the
dead are shown mounting to the judgment. In Chapter 149,
"
I raise my ladder
in the eleventh domain the dead says
42a, red jasper 42a 2, light green serpentine.

Figures.
"
"
Materials.
Red sandstone ( ? Jasper) 9, Red jasper 7,
Alnwick
Kennard
that of a throne (suggested by Schafer in Z.A.S. xliii, 66)

as the stairs are shown in a boat in the vignette of
Adkhet.
all
4,
STAIRS.
46.
Name.
flight of stairs.
RISING SUN.
42.
Name.
nearly
Univ. Coll. P.
1.
Position.
stomach
Necklace.
Collections.
XXVI (?).
sun.
45 (and 45 2) carnelian, Hawara, XVIII.

Carnelian 4, Green glaze 1.
Figures.
B, with horns.
A, plain.
XVIII
Period.
PAIR OF FEATHERS.
Qa.
Meaning. Elevation.
Period.
1.
BARK OF THE MOON.
45.
Name.
Varieties.
1.
Alnwick
Name.
Univ. Coll. P.
41.
1,
1).
Chest.
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
C.
XXX(?).
44, Steatite.
Figure.
Materials.
Steatite 1, Obsidian
Black glaze
see the sun ruling.
17
1,
Green glaze 26, Blue glaze

White glaze (faded ?) 1.
12,
AMULETS OF POWERS
Collections.
Petersburg
5,
Cairo 14, Univ. Coll. P. 6, E.

Price 8, Alnwick 8, Murch 1.
8,
Turin
B, with
A, alone.
Varieties.
6, St.
XXVI
Periods.
Zad and Onkh.
XXX (?).
to
54b, blue glass, burnt 54c to c 8,

54a, gold
Figures.
See 35h with
pi. xliv, blue glaze, faded, with 30d, 35o.
;
RED CROWN.
49.
Name. Deshert ; or Sekhemti (Lacau, 481), probably

confused with the double crown of that name (L. 483).
Royal power
Meaning.
Crown
XXVI.
Varieties.
Period.
alone.
Lower Egypt.
Crown on neb.
Memphis 49b
;
ware, group 28
2,
49b,
c,
c 2,
2,
green
49d, blue glazed stone-
8, pi. xliv,
green glaze, crown on
green glaze
49e to e
Gold
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P.
Meaning.
6,
Prehistoric.
Figure.
55a,
9.
Cairo 12, St. Peters-
prehistoric
Material.
white limestone with black spots,

plain limestone (Tarkhan IP).
2,
Hez (MacG.
Name.
xliii,
tomb
87.
Smauti.
models, only actual maces buried.

White limestone, Red granite in XII
Univ. Coll. P. many.
Figures. Mahasna, xxxiv,

Material.
Gold.
xliii,
tomb
Ames (MacG.
Name.
VI.
87.
58.
ROYAL CROOK.
52.
Name.
XXVI
Figure.
Material.
Not here.
"
Crook
of
the
Turin
53.
1.
ROYAL SCOURGE.
life
1.
J,
Portions in Univ. Coll. P.
XXVI
to
Roman.
58a, green glass,
Figures.
crowned uraeus on column
58b, carnelian, with silver suspension loop

58c, branch of
red coral, with silver uraeus twisted upon it 58d, bronze, tail
coiled behind
58e, bronze, double crowned with sun discs
;
(Lacau, 314),
with wavy stem.

regularly
crowned.
Period.
SHEPHERD'S STICK.
(MacG. 28 Lacau, 315). Zom
Guidance
used
A, royal form. B, wavy. C, coiled. D, winged.

F, lion head.
G, cat head. H, human head.
E, double.
54.
Meaning.
Varieties.
MacG. papyrus 54. Found broken up in tombs

Xllth dynasty, full-sized, in limestone (Riqqeh).
Uas
youth, and being.
Figure.
Name.
Goddesses above named Knowledge Divine

men Royal power of judgment Giving
among
Going
Meanings.
Nekhekh (MacG. 54).

Meaning. Rule in Heliopolis.
Collection.
"
Also conferring qualities, " giving youth
(Lacau, 90)
"
"
and with coiled body,
giving being
(?) (Lacau, 91).
Mehen, uraeus on the crown.
Name.
of the
Aorot, any goddess (MacG. 6, 30).

Merseger,
goddess (Lanz., Biz. Mit., cxxviii). Onkh-neter (MacG. 8).
Rannut, goddess (Lanz., D. M., clxxxix). Sat (Lacau, 94).
Lacau, 84, 91). Shem-remtu (MacG. 9
Seqer (MacG. 7
Lacau, 94). Urt hekat, goddess (MacG. 10). Zet (Lacau, 94).
;
(?).
Grey glaze
Collection.
URAEUS SERPENT.
Names.
Heqt (MacG. 54)

Heqt Out,
flocks," used by shepherds (Lacau, 317).
Meaning. Rule in Heliopolis.
Period.
27).
Meaning. Ruling power.

No amulets known.
Necklace.
Position.
(Riqqeh).
FEATHERS AND SCOURGE.
57.
Royal power in Upper and Lower Egypt.
27).
No
Figure.
Material.
VULTURE AND URAEUS.
51.
PEAR MACE.
Prehistoric, IV, XII.
Collection.
Period.
5.
Fighting power.
Period.
Necklace.
Meaning.
27).
Univ. Coll. P.
Meaning.
Mahasna, xxxiv,
Figures.
Material.
Gold.
Name.
1.
DISC MACE.
56.
Royal power in Upper and Lower Egypt.
Position.
Painted limestone.
Collection.
VI.
Period.
Blue-green glaze
of type B.
pi. xliv,
55a
Sekhemti.
Meanimg.
1,
and 8
DOUBLE CROWN ON NEB.
50.
Name.
8,
2,
Fighting power.
Period.

Turin 5, Price 4, Murch 1.
Collections.
burg
1,
Men (MacG.
Name.
neb.
Materials.
Blue glass
Materials.
55.
49a, a 2, green glaze
Figures.
glaze,
in
Zad and Onkh.
by
of
the
the
flock.
eastern
Such
Bedawy
a
at
form
inlaid
is
58f bronze, crowned with discs
58g, pewter plate,

58 h, green glaze, Memphis 58j, light blue glaze,
Memphis 58k, green glaze, Memphis 58k, 2, 3, 4, 5,
present.
Secondary sense, Rule at Thebes.
incised
18
AMULETS OF POWERS
green glaze, Nebesheh
581, faded
green glaze,
Memphis
XVIII
58m, green glaze 58n, grey glaze 58o, green glaze,

PL xliv, 58q, gold 58r, electrum
58p, blue glass.
blue
See
silver
58t, u,
glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic.
;
gold
Bed
1,
stomach
(8)
burg
8,
glass
1,
(2;
necklace
(1)
chest
(10)
1,
Period.
Turin
8,
Alnwick
7,
Murch
6,
Athens
Prehistoric to
at
Defenneh (Tunis,
sheet lead
ii,
Portraits, x, 5),
(Hyksos and
figure of
Hyksos age
Israelite Cities, vi, 8).
Materials.
1,
Lead
Wax
1,
2,
Red limestone
Cartonnage
Univ. Coll. P.
6,
1,
White limestone
2,
1.
E.
2,
Price
1.
Heh.
Millions of Years.
Meaning.
Period.
XII,
Duration.
61.
59b, gold, group 4
59c, lead
Univ. Coll. P.
Name.
59d,
59e,
Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21
apple-green
silver (pi. xlvi). And see Mahasna, xxxiv, xliii, tombs 87, 435.
Materials.
Gold 2, Silver 1, Lead 1, Green glaze 1.
glaze,
Collections.
5.
Shap (?).
to
accept
rich
shapep,
From
the stoutness, adornment, and easy

Compare
posture, this seems intended to represent wealth.
the Chinese embodiment of wealth.
Meaning.
BOUND CAPTIVE.
Roman.
61, black steatite, Quft.

Figure.
Material. Black steatite.
Kheft.
Power over a
See shap,
shapt, to adorn.
Period.
60.
Meaning.
FIGURE WITH NECKLACES.
Roman.
59a, gold
Figures.
Name.
Roman mummies, Hawara,
and mud
MAN KNEELING WITH PALM BRANCHES.
Name.
similar figure found

wrapped in
2,
(pi. xlv), wax, two figures standing, hands

wax, perhaps a figure ; see also figures on soles
joined
of sandals (Univ. Coll. E) of
Blue glaze
60c
xl); 60d, lead, male,
60e
60f,
Collections.
59.
Roman.
XXVI
white limestone, male,
2,
1.
C, painted
60a, red limestone, quartz crystal eyes inlaid,

Figures.
male, prehistoric ; 60b, light blue glaze, female, XXVI ; 60c,
(Roman
Univ. Coll. P. 15, E. 4, Cairo 15, St. Peters-
B, kneeling.
A, figure standing.
soles of sandals.
feet (1).
Collections.
Edinburgh
1.
Forehead
Position.
on
58s,
from Serapeum (Mariette, Ser., iii, xi).

Materials.
Green glaze 85, Blue glaze 26, Lazuli 4,
Bronze 3, Gold 2, Yellow glaze 1, Grey glaze 1, Green glass
1, White agate 1, Pink limestone 1, Carnelian 2, Silver on
red coral
Varieties.
Collection.
slave.
Univ. Coll. P.
1.
CHAPTER V
AMULETS OF PROPERTY
Ktematic Amulets, 62
These amulets, representing the funeral offerings of food

and drink, and the furniture of objects for the use of the
From very early times

dead, are peculiarly Egyptian.
provision for the continued life of the deceased was placed
in the
grave, sometimes on an immense scale.

grew, so gradually models
belief in substitutes
amulets of power, as the mace is used

symbolically by the king in all periods but the spear head
included as property, is never used symbolically. Again,
are classed as
are probably emblems of qualities,

never represented as building but the
writing tablet and seal are classed as property, as in the
future life the deceased would require to write and seal
plummet and square
as the dead
orders.
is
These are the means
of writing rather
power of writing. The border line of the two classes

seldom really in question.
The order followed here is, food, drink, clothing and
of the
is
objects used.
As the
came to
replace the real objects, and then small amulets were substituted for the models.
It might seem doubtful where to
divide between this class and the last.
The mace heads
the
82.
62.
OX HEAD.
Unknown.
Food offering.
Meaning.
Name.
An actual head is often

found in graves, from the prehistoric down to the Xllth
dynasty.
Period.
Prehistoric to XVIII.
62a, calcite; 62b, quartz, green-glazed; 62c,

Figures.
carnelian 62c, 2, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, carnelian ; 62d, clear green
serpentine, prehistoric; 62e, blue glaze, VI (?); 62f, red
;
glass,
XVIII (?) 62g (pi

;
xliv), quartz,
green-blue glaze
62h,
carnelian.
than symbols
Materials.
19
Carnelian
9,
Quartz, green-glazed 2, Noble
d 2
AMULETS OF PROPERTY
2, 1
serpentine
Blue glaze, Bed
Name.
glass.
Univ. Coll. P. 18,
Collections.
Murch
4.
Thet(?).
Food
Meaning.
XXVI
Period,
COW, LEGS TIED.
63.
Name.
Eehen
offering.
to Ptolemaic.
68a, blue
Figures.
four cakes
(?).
ALTAR WITH CAKES.
68.
each of Blackened limestone, Agate, Calcite,
cake;
glaze, square
68b,
bronze,
68d, gilt wax, three

68c, bronze, one cake
vases and three cakes, Dendereh, group 20 (pi. xliv) 68e,
;
The image of a cow," for which

Meaning. Food offering.
the 162nd chapter of the Book of the Dead is recited,
seems rather to refer to a free cow, and not to a sacrifice.
'
Varieties.
Period.
A, round.
V,
XXVI
B,
'
green glaze
(pi. xlvi).
Bronze
Materials.
wax
flat.
2,
Green glaze
1,
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
Cairo
5,
Red glass 11, Blue glaze 8, Green glaze

1, Brown limestone 1, Alabaster 1.
Period.
XIX(?).
Figure.
69, green glaze, black calyx.
Alnwick
Turin
4,
of chest
and lower.
Edinburgh
8,
1,
Food
5,
Athens
1,
E.
2,
Price
Murch
Food
Meaning
Nos.
1.
45 different names are known, but the forms are
not yet distinguished.
but see under sacred animals,
(?),
VASE.
70.
GAZELLE.
offering
1.
6,
Names.
64.
offering.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P.
11,
Benr.
Meaning.
"Yellow stone"
1,
DATE.
69.
Cairo
Collections.
Gilt
5.
Name.
Base
1,
to Ptolemaic.
Figures. 63a, red jasper ; 63b, red steatite, both round ;

63c, flat, red glass
63d, red glass 63e, red glass.
"
Materials.
Red sandstone " (? jasper) 9, Red jasper 9,
Position.
Blue glaze
1.
21416
Meaning.
Drink
Varieties.
A, heart form, two-handled.
offerings of various kinds.
B, situla. C, oneD, pilgrim bottle. E, heart shape. F,

G, handled jug. H, dipper.
handled measure.
amphora.
JOINT OF MEAT.
65.
XXVI
Period.
Name.
Ao, Auo.
Meaning.
Period.
Roman.
70a, diorite
Figures.
Food offering.
VI or XII (?).
to
70b,
c, d,
blue glaze, situla
70e,
70f, green glaze, pilgrim bottle

green glaze, measure
70f 2, red glaze, XVIII Riqqeh 70g, red jasper; 70h, bronze,
68, quartz
Figure.
an
crystal, part of the ribs
and
side of
ox, exquisitely finished.
Roman
Material.
Quartz crystal.
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P.
Roman
amphora,
70m, green
glaze,
1.
xlvi)
(pi.
2,
Name.
Sa.
Glass
Wood
Meaning.
Food
Varieties.
A, whole figure.
offering.
Not here.
Figures.
Materials.
Blue glass 2,
Green glaze
1,
1,
1,
Red
Bronze
glaze
Price
1,
701,
brown pottery
70n, bronze
70o, pottery,
70q, black and green

Ulahun, XXIII (xlv).
Blue glaze 7, Gold 2, Bronze
2,
Diorite
1,
Red
jasper
1,
Throat.
Univ.
1,
Coll. P. 14,
71.
E.
2, Price 7,
Cairo
1.
COLLAR.
1.
Name.
1,
8,
pottery
1.
Collections.
Red jasper
8, Black and white glass

Mid line, Hawara.
Position.
Turin 2, B 1, Alnwick
Collections.
Green glaze
Bes head on it
Brown
Position.
B, head.
green glaze, yellow spots, amphora,
70r, green glaze,
Materials.
GOOSE OR DUCK.
70j,
70p, green glaze (xlvii)
glass (xlvii)
66.
70k, black and white glass
Murch
1.
Usekh, with
hawk heads (MacG.
2); Usekh of
rows
of
beads
deep
(MacG. 32)
Usekh of the hawk, with spread hawk on middle (MacG. 83)
Usekh of the vulture and uraeus, with the emblems (MacG.
Usekh of Mut, with the vulture with curved wings
36)
lord of Eternity, with
67.
DISH OF FLOUR ON MAT.
Name.
Hotep.
Meaning. Flour offering
(Medum,
(Lacau, 436).
;
a dish of flour on a reed
mat
Meaning.
XXVI.
Not here.
Figure.
Material.
Green glaze.
Position.
living, in contrast to the dead.

:
xi).
Period.
Dress of the
The Chapter 158 of the Book of tbe Dead is as follows

"
The chapter of the collar of gold, put on the neck of
O my father my brother my mother
the deceased.
!
Isis
Lower row, Hawara.
am
unveiled and I
unveiled ones,
20
who
see Geb."
am
seen.
am
one of the
AMULETS OF PROPERTY
A, plain rows of beads "of the lord of Eternity,"
Varieties.
(MacG.
33).
with
B,
(MacG. 32).
deep and short
C,
Naqada, lviii.
Figure.
Material.
Green serpentine.
hawk heads (MacG. 2).

rows (Fig. 70b).
D, with hawk
E, with vulture of Mut (Lacau, 436).
Osiris
F, with vulture and uraeus (MacG. 36).

Period, XXVI to Eoman.
Dead.
Gold inlaid
jasper
2,
Gold
foil 2,
Blue glaze
3,
Red
Figures.
figure of Tahuti.
Name.
to
Lazuli
Obsidian
3,
Black-grey stone
1,
1,
"
Green
oper.
and white porphyry
72d, white glass.

Materials.
Diorite 14, Serpentine 2, Granite
"
Red
White glass 1, " Grey stone 1,
1,
3,
glass
72c,
c 2,
77.
NAME BADGE.
Chest
Position.
Turin
1,
2,
Name.
Porphyry
Wood
Alnwick
4,
E.
Serekh,
"
that which
makes known
"
(MacG.
51).
Se-at or Seurat (Lacau, 444 5).

Meaning. To preserve the name.
1.
(3).
Collections.
1,
"
felspar 8, Beryl 8,
Cairo 23, Price 3, Univ. Coll. P. 2, Alnwick

Some of these may have been No. 20,
1, Edinburgh 1.
with the papyrus drawn but not engraved.
Roman.
72a, b, black
Figures.
76b, blue glass, with incised
Collections.
Clothing.
XXVI
Period,
Green glaze 1, Green jasper

glass 1, Haematite 1, Diorite 1, Blue glass 1.
Position.
Throat (1) chest (6) stomach (1).
CLOTHING.
Monkhet (Lacau, 442)
Green
Materials.
2,
4,
Meaning.
burg
Murch
Coll. P. 2,
1.
72.
diorite
later.
76a, green diorite
Position.
Alnwick
XXVI and
Period.
2.
Neck and upper chest.

Collections.
Cairo, Horuza 2, Univ.
Medum,
Saqq. Mast., ii.

Meaning. Provision for writing. The writing materials
were prayed for in the 94th chapter of the Book of the
xiii;
and black glaze, Dendereh,

21
71b, type C, blue and black glaze,
Ptolemaic, group
group 21 71c, wax gilt, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 20.
Material.
"
Themes, or Kher-o, under the arm."
Name.
71a, type B, green
Figures.
WRITING TABLET.
76.
of
1, St. Peters-
his
1.
name
their
The 25th chapter

a
Whereby person remembereth
in the underworld."
Even the gods might lose
Book
the
of the
"
Dead is,
domain we
for of the fiery region of the 12th
names,
"
for the four snakes

read
No god goes down into it
"
would destroy their names (B. of D., 149).
Varieties.
A, long bead. B, flatted prism.
.
ROYAL HEAD-DRESS.
73.
Name. Seden (XXV stele), or Nems (Lacau, 487

or Khat (Lacau, 489).
MacG.
Period.
4),
Meaning.
Figure.
Material.
worn on neck, see Khnumuand

hotep (Gizeh
Rifeh, xi) 77b, amethyst with name of
Senusert
77d,
77c, carnelian with name of Bakmut
King
See
77e, gold, Qurneh.
silver, Vlth dynasty, group 13
3 of carnelian of Hapi, Pasar and Khaemuas (Maeiette,
77a, carnelian, as
;
Carnelian.
Cairo.
Another head-dress was Ondet (MacG. 3).

The beard was Khebsat (MacG. 20). Neither
found as amulets.
Serapeum,
of these are
hi, xi).
1, Gold 1 (and Lacau,

1.
453
Silver
5),
felspar (Lacau,
Position.
On neck (Gizeh and Rifeh, xi).
Carnelian
Materials.
5,
Amethyst
449), Green
74.
Name.
Actual combs are
common
in
78.
Name.
Roman.
Period,
5,
Cairo type
2,
type
8.
Amarna, Roman
74c, d,
To preserve the name;
name
previous
Varieties.
All of bone.
Material.
Period.
Univ. Coll. P. 5 (group 24).
Collection.
75.
badge,
A, plain.
No
later substitute for
77.
B, with feathers on top.
XXVI.
78a, diorite ; 78a 2, lazuli ; 78b, basalt.

Figures.
"
White stone "1,
Materials.
Lazuli 10, Green glaze 1,
limestone
Yellow
"Black stone," Cairo, 1,
1, Diorite 1,
SPEAR HEAD.
Basalt
1.
Position.
(?).
Meaning.
CARTOUCHE.
Ran.
Meaning.
74a, b, bone, Tell el
Figures.
bone.
Period.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
Hair dressing.
and
XVIII.
prehistoric
Name.
COMB.
(?).
Meaning.
e,
B, XIX.
A, XII.
Figures.
Royal clothing.
Not here.
Collection.
Defence.
Collections.
Prehistoric.
2,
21
E.
1,
top of chest top of stomach.

Cairo 10, Brit. Mus. 5, B 4, Univ. Coll. P.
Neck
Alnwick
1,
Edinburgh
1.
AMULETS OF PROPERTY
SEAL.
79.
XXVI
green felspar
2,
79b
8,
brown limestone
79b,
4, lazuli
79b
basalt
5,
blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group

Mateiials.
Lazuli 17, Green felspar 9, Green glaze 7,
Basalt 7, Blue glaze 4, Limestone 4, Slate 2, Quartz 2, Prase
79c
1,
E.
8,
hand 5 (on 2nd

low on stomach.
left
Cairo 18, St. Petersburg 12, Univ.
Alnwick
finger,
XXVI
Figures.
Mateiials.
SEAL RING.
1, Green glaze
Top row, by cartouche.
St Petersburg
1,
Price
Name.
Alnwick
3,
Univ. Coll. P.
1.
SLAVE FIGURE.
Ushabti.
To work for the deceased in the future life.

Too extensive to state here. A breast-piece
of pendant ushabtis occurs in the XlXth dynasty.
Period. XVIII to XXX. (The stone figures of the Xllth
Varieties.
to Ptolemaic.
80, Lazuli.
Gold
1,
Lazuli 2, Green glaze 1 (Hor-uza,
Between 2nd and 3rd, between 3rd and 4th

on 3rd finger of left hand in left
right hand
Position.
chest.
dynasty are really figures of the dead.)

82, One example of the XXIInd dynasty marks
Figures.
the place of this subject as an amulet; this ushabti is of
Zed-tehuti-as-onkh.
Materials.
Collections.
7,
1.
Meaning.
Hawara).
hand;
1,
Lazuli 2, Green felspar
Limestone
82.
Power over property.
Meaning.
E.
2,
Coll., P.
Zebot.
Period,
1,
Position.
5.
80.
Name.
fingers
Quartz
2,
Collections.
Collections.
8,
green glaze.
Basalt 5, Steatite
Materials.
1.
Position.
Bight hand 5
between 2nd and 3rd finger)
broken away at sides of base, same both
81,
sides, light
21.
(pi. xliv),
Agate
XXVI.
Figures.
gains and
of life.
Period.
to Ptolemaic.
79a, white limestone
Figures.
79b
rewards
Power over property.
Meaning.
Period.
completion," this implies the fulness of the
Cairo,
Horuza
2,
Univ. Coll. P.
1.
Position.
81.
Bronze,
Glaze, Pottery,
CIRCLE OF CORD.
all
colours of
available stones, all
Wood.
boxful of 200 was placed on each side of the
mummy.
Name.
Shen, explained as Onkh-shau (Lacau, 112).

"
"
Benefits of life," as shen means
fulness,
Meaning.
Collections.
All.
This subject is as extensive as
all
other
amulets together.
CHAPTER
VI
AMULETS FOR PROTECTION

Phylactic Amulets, 88
In this class the amulets or charms for protection are
what are more popularly regarded as amulets. The pur-
pose of these is to call into account some external agency

which is not as definite as a divinity. The most primitive
means are preferred, such as wearing shells, bones, animals,
137.
Ptolemaic, as an amulet.
Figures. 83a, black steatite; 83b, gilt wax, Dendereh,
Period.
group
20.
Materials
Black steatite
1,
Collection
Univ. Coll. P.
2.
Gilt
wax
1.
Doubtless a great number of vegetable

also included in this class, though
were
and animal objects
the great majority of such have naturally disappeared in
cords, stones, etc.
the course of ages. The great popularity and literary

importance of the inscribed charms, especially inscribed
getn stones, has fixed more attention on this kind of amulet,
almost to the exclusion of the various other classes.
83.
Meaning.
SUN AND WINGS.
Ra
Varieties.
and entrances
as protector.
Seldom on the mummy, but usual over figures
to temples.
84.
Meaning.
Ra
SUN AND URAEI.
as ruler.
Seldom on the mummy, but used as previous.

Period. Ptolemaic, as an amulet.
84a, wood with traces of stucco and gilding
Figures.
84b, green glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21
Materials.
Green glaze 1, Wood 1.
Varieties.
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P.
2.

CRESCENT.
Rome (Bom,
they prevent any wrong being done to him

said on a tie of red jasper, dipped in the
of
inlaid into the substance of the sycomore
ankhamu,
juice
and
on
the neck of the deceased. Whoever has
wood,
put
this chapter read to him, the virtue of Isis protects him
A, alone.
Horus the son
85.
Name.
Meaning. The protection of the moon god. Against evil

eye and witchery (Bell., xv, 26 xvi, 25). The emblem of
;
patricians at
Varieties.
XVIII
Period.
of
2nd
cent. a.d.
Roman.
to
Specially
XII or XVIII
worn
XVIII
in early part
85c,
black
85n, bronze, Shurafeh, Coptic period.

bronze crescent, Roman age, Saft, in
See also plain
Hyksos and
Israelite Cities, xxxvii a.
Gold 1, Electrum 1, Silver

Blue glaze 1, Black glaze 1.
Mateiials.
Glass
5,
Position.
Bronze
4,
2,
Univ. Coll. P.
86.
Sah (MacG.
XXV dynasty (?);

or XIX
stone
88j 5, slate
881,
wax,
black
Sokar khent oper,
1,
Sokar in
mummy
form (?).
MUMMY ON
89.
and 90
4,
Figures.
Heart of
Ramesseum
2,
Edinburgh
paste
Protection by the blood of
women's
girdle, fuller
The 156th chapter

of the tie
deceased.
power
cli).
This
Also the
Isis.
is
the primitive
Dead reads
girdle.
"
Chapter
of red jasper which is put on the neck of the
The blood of Isis, the virtue of Isis the magic
of Isis, the
See Nos.
89c, lazuli veneer
89b,
on
lazuli,
slate base,
89h, peridot; 89 j, k, indigo

891, blue-green glaze ; 891 2, red glass ;
3, steatite;
;
mummy
paste, Saqqareh, pierced for stitching on

or network, as also the next; 89n, deep blue
;
89p, violet glass
deep blue clear glass
89q, violet glass
same, burnt
89t,
89u, deep
89uu (pi. xliv), same 89v, yellow glass

amber 89x, 2, 3, durite 89y, green glaze with
yellow points, Roman.
Materials (apart from Cairo catalogue which is uncerBasalt 17, Serpentine 15, Steatite 8, Green jasper 6,
tain).
Porphyry 4, Green quartz 4, Schist 1, Blue glaze 5, Blue
glass 4, Green glaze 4, Lazuli 8, Violet glass 2, Blue paste 2,
Amber 2, Durite 1, Green felspar 1, Limestone 1, Malachite
1, Peridot 1, Red glass 1, Yellow glass 1.
89w,
than the onkh, the men's
of the Book of the
89g
blue clear glass
ISIS.
Thet.
Nut (Lanz., Diz. Mit,
89o, red glass
s,
1,
Ramesseum 89d 2, volcanic ash

Ramesseum 89f, malachite 89g, slate
XXII dynasty
wrapping
89r,
girdle of
2, slate;
89m, blue
2.
Turin 12,
Edinburgh
given to the deceased.
Isis
89d, basalt,
89e, limestone,
89g
7,
7,
SCARAB, FLAT BASE.
formerly set on a pectoral
glaze,
Petersburg
Book of the Dead.

XVIII to XXX.
89a, grey steatite, Ramesseum
Period.
Athens
GIRDLE OF
St.
for the
(?).
Meaning.
88n, jasper, of the chief

Roi; 88p, blue and
Kheper.
Meaning.
Blue glaze 4, B 1, Green glaze 1, Red glass

Glass
1,
(burnt) 1, Painted pottery 1.
Position.
Chest (2) stomach (2) ; knees (1).
Name.
88m,
1.
2.
Mateiials.
88.
xlvii,
of
Univ. Coll. P.
pi.
1,
Alnwick 11,
12,
Murch
BIER.
Preservation of the body

A, alone. B, with Anpu.
Collections.
See
1, Gold 1, Silver 1, Pewter plate

Green glass 1, Wax gilt 1.
Neck (2); chest usual (11); stomach (2);
paste
Collections.
87a, green glaze

87b, glass, burnt. Type B,
Figures.
87c, blue glaze with black paint, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,
group 21.
Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 26.

Type B,
red glaze, XVIII (Ed). Also see 2 carnelian of
Brown
Price
Ptolemaic.
Period.
2,
glaze,
Position.
Varieties.
j, j
88k, pewter, possibly a clothing sign 72
toes (1).
Meaning.
Dendereh, group 20.
gilt,
Name.
Name.
88g, dark blue glaze,

3, red glass ; 88j 4, redlime;
glaze 1, Lazuli 2, Obsidian

"
86a, b, dark blue glass.

Figures.
Materials.
Green glaze 2, Blue glass 2.
87.
88h, h 2,
carnelian of the royal scribe Paari

archer Nekht-a-min; 88o, jasper
Graeco-Roman.
Collections.
88f, faded green glaze
XVIII
MUMMY.
clothing" (Lanz., Biz., Mit, xvii).

Meaning. Preservation of the body in
Period.
2,
Khaemuas and 1 of Hapi (Mariettb, Serapeum, iii, xi, xx).

Materials. Red jasper 21, Carnelian 8, Red glass 18,
Brown jasper 18, Blue glaze 27, Green glaze 18, Red
8.
64).
him, and no way
88a, red glass ; 88b, green glass

88c, green
blue glaze ; 88d, e, e2, 3, green glaze, group 28,
88c
double,
Necklace.
Collection.
Name.
glaze
Roman
of Isis rejoices in seeing
barred to him, unfailingly."

Varieties.
A, alone. B, double. C, double with zad sign.
Period. XIX to Roman.
Figures.
serpentine,
is
85d,
85f, gold,
is
e, silver, Memphis, Roman,

Memphis, group 27 85g, silver; 85h,
base silver; 85j,j2, white glass on blue, with red spots
around, Gurob, Roman.
Type B, 85k, electrum, XII
dynasty (?) 851, blue glaze, XVIII 85m, black and yellow
glaze,
group 27;
This chapter
Portraits, 12, 11).
pale blue glass,
85a, b,
Figures.
Nuov. AntoL, 1 Oct., 1912).

B, with disc. C, with cross.
(Roman
one
this great
Aoh.
magic power of the Eye, are protecting
x,
Position.
23
Inside the body.

Petersburg 66, Price 10.
Collections.
Alnwick 28,
5,
St.
Materials (omitting Cairo as uncertain ; the other collections as stated, but probably in error on basalt).
Basalt (?)
Porphyry (?) 6, Limestone 5, Steatite 5,

Green jasper (?) 4, Schist 4, Jade 2, Lazuli 2,
Green felspar 1, Glazed steatite 1, Green glaze 1, Blue
glaze 1, Blue paste 1, Violet glass 1.
18,
SCARAB, INSCRIBED BASE.
90.
Name.
Kheper.
Heart
Meaning.
The 30th
of Isis given to the deceased.
chapter of the Book of the Dead appears in a slightly

different form (version B) upon the heart scarab, reading :
"My
my
heart of
heart of
my
my
Mother,
Mother,
ha in
my
art
my
Univ. Coll. P. 26, Alnwick 17, Price
Collections.
Name.
body, the creator making
Unknown.
Meaning.
Heart
Varieties.
A, in
(see
5.
PECTORAL.
91.
Thou
the chest (?).
my
up against me in, evidence may

against me by the divine chiefs may there be no enemy
of th8e against me in the presence of the Guardian of the
Balance.
On
Position.
nothing rise
no hindrance be made
9,
5,
May
(in future life).
becoming
my
heart of
Durite
Serpentine
MacG.
of Isis.
one
B, with
piece.
separate
scarab
68, 69, 70).
Come forth to the bliss towards which

we are bound. May our name not be in bad odour with the
Ministrants, those who deal to men their course in life and
91a, durite, filled in with yellowpaste; upper side,

scarab with akhet bird on back, Isis and Nebhat standing on a
be there good for us, be there good to the hearer, be there

May not lies be
joy of heart, by the Weighing of words.
boat adoring it; under side, the scarab outline with the
invocations of the beginning of the chapter, and figure of
uttered in the presence of the God, before the great God lord
of Amenti.
Behold thy uplifting is in the acquittal."
Unnefer
sound
my
Varieties.
A, various forms of this chapter are used,
sometimes only omitting half a dozen words, as on 901,
sometimes leaving only the opening invocation to the heart,
as on 90c.
B, a suten du liotep formula is rarely used, as in
90u,
XXIIIrd dynasties.
The
on pi. viii, the inscriptions on pi. ix
backs
Figures.
black
name
90a,
steatite,
Huy 90b, brown limestone, of
Huria 90c, glazed steatite, of Set-mesu 90d, black steatite,
XVIIIth
Period,
to
of Tuaa,
90f,
hat
90e, black steatite, of Ma-nehes,
"
" the alert
lion
hard light brown limestone in silver mount,
of
90g, a metamorphic mud, similar in material to slate,

"
usually mis-called
green basalt," here called durite, of
"
"nursing shepherd (?) 90h, durite, of Dudut;

Repen(?); 90k, jade, called by the Egyptians
nenmehen, as stated on the Kennard tablet (now in Berlin),
Tet-bet,
90j, durite, of
Thentamen
of the singer,
Amen-mes
of the scribe
90p, durite, of
of the singer of
name
ptah-a-onkh; 90t, jade,
90s, durite of
plates
crystal back in
for
90x,
which
violet
is
Blue glaze 3, Glazed stone

2, Blue frit 2, Steatite
Gold
Red-brown
1, Electrum 1.
glaze 1,
Serpentine 1,
Position.
On breast (2) on stomach (1).
foil,
90y,
limestone,
nesut
du hotep
90z,
limestone,
of
30).
13,
8,
8, Schist
1,
Edinburgh
1,
Alnwick
7, St.
Petersburg
6,
1.
SCARAB WITH LEGS.
Kheper (MacG.
61).
Protection against quartan fever (Pliny, xxx,

Snake bite (Africa). Agate Bcarab against evil eye
(Bell.,
hollow
Huy
Wood
Meaning.
xiii,
27).
Horns
of
scarab for children (Pliny,
xxx, 47).
Actual beetles were buried in jars in preAn alabaster case in the form of a scarab,
historic graves.
Varieties.
2,
Name.
painted the heron, backed with
Hatsheps, XVIIIth dynasty

lazuli,
plate,
Green glaze
Slate 6, Durite 1,
92.
Auf-neren-neheh, Gurob, XVIIIth dynasty

coloured brown, of the singer of Isis,
gold
90aa,
glass
iii, xii).
Zed-
The following
with
of
yellow serpentine, apparently an inserted figure has been

lost.
See green-glazed pectoral of Pasar (Mariette,
Price
The speech
acquitted, son of the high priest of Amen, Fu-ua-merth,

"
91e, green glaze, zad between two thet girdles,
;
acquitted
back, jackal couchant on shrine, with right uzat eye above
"
91f, blue-green glaze, jackal couchant on shrine
Anpu in
"
shrine
of
black
and
his bandages lord of the desert
;
91g,
Collections.
90v, blue paste, very illegibly cut, apparently

of Peh-ne-kha-user
90w (pi. xlvi) lazuli, of the keeper
in
"
Tahuti, lord of Khemenu, give life, health, and strength to

the son of the high priest of
Amen, Uasakauasa,
lost; 90u, black steatite of
XVIIIth dynasty.
on the
of the cattle Tahutimes,
Amen, Shab-mer-ast
Isis
"
90q, limestone stained

brown-black (XVIIIth dynasty, as kohl pots) of the overseer of the serfs of Min, Kanure, from Ekhmim ; 90r, durite,
not
by the deceased and
91c, gold, a woman

top edge the name
Set-ha-em-tepy
"
"
Nefert-her adoring Isis the great mother
91d, electrum,
Materials.
901, durite (volcanic ash) of

90m, durite of Anefer 90n, durite,
Hor-se-ast
lord of Ta-zeser," adored

"
Serapeum,
Parnoy (secondary use)

of Tetames
90o, green glaze in copper mount,
;
adoring Osiris; 91b, black steatite, Isis and

Nebhat, winged, adoring, but the middle blank, probably a
"
scarab has been attached back, Osiris
lord of eternity,
Min-em-
Nashuy
to Ptolemaic.
Figures.
figure of Tahuti, with altar of offerings.
aa.
v,
XVIII
Period,
limbs.
hang round the neck, hollow as a reliquary, of 1st dynasty,

Cairo (Tarkhan, xiv). A, with legs, natural head. B, hawkheaded. C, with four rams' heads (Lanz., Biz. Mit., 490). D,
to
formula without a name,
human headed
group 31.
24
(L., Biz. Mit., ccl).

XXXth
1st to
Period,
of
obsidian,
92a,
Figures.
Univ. Coll- P.
Collections.
dynasties.
work
detailed
exquisitely
St.
(Horuza),
wing cases being also delicately ribbed), and proba favourite

ably of the Xllth dynasty, when obsidian was
Petersburg
1,
7,
Turin
Alnwick
Murch
8,
2,
Cairo 2
1.
(the
material for the best inscribed scarabs
Hawara, porphyry, hard
4,
XXVI;
92d
d
Name. Nert-hent-pet-er-remtu (?), " The Vulture mistress

"
The Vulture
of heaven over mankind."
Nert-her-ne-pot,
2, 8,
brown limestone,
green glaze; 92d, greenish-blue glaze;

d 5, haematite
d 4, steatite
white limestone
3,
who
green glaze 92e, f f 2 f

92e 2, brown basalt
,
XXVI
92b, diorite
92c,
2,
6, 7,
steatite,
3,
Dendereh, Ptolemaic 92h (pi. xlvi), green glaze 92j, blue

and black glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 26 (pi. xxxii).
Basalt (durite ?) 22, Porphyry 14, Lazuli 13,
Materials.
;
(MacG.
Dead
as follows
is
34, 48).
The 157th chapter
Protection.
"
Book
of the
of the vulture of gold,
Chapter
put on the neck of the deceased. Isis has arrived; she
hovers over the dwellings, and she searches all the hidden
green glaze,
xliv),
(pi.
of the
"
men
over
is
Meaning.
green glaze faded, Hawara,
92g
VULTURE WITH WINGS SPREAD.
95.
abodes of Horus when he comes out of the northern marshes

knocking down him whose face is evil. She causes him
Haematite 6,
3, Black
(the deceased) to join the bark (of the sun), and grants him
the sovreinty over the worlds. When he has fought a great
Green syenite 2, Green glass 3, Green felspar 2,

Beryl 2, Obsidian 2, White glas3 1, Bronze 1, Diorite 1.
left
stomach (5)
chest (23)
Throat (4)
Position.
He (Horus) decrees what must be done in his honour ;

causes fear of him to arise, and He creates terror. His
mother, the Great One, uses her protective power, which she
hand
has handed over to Horus.

Carnelian
Brown
6,
8,
steatite 7,
8,
Serpentine
Limestone
Prase
4,
syenite 4,
(2).
St.
Collections.
fight,
He
Said on the vulture of gold.

written on it, it protects the deceased, the
Petersburg 65, Univ. Coll. P. 85, E. 15,
If this chapter is
powerful one, on the day of the funeral, and undeviatingly for
times infinite."
A, vulture head. B, ram head. C, curved
Varieties..
Price 22.
SCARAB WINGED.
93.
Meaning.
Protective power of the Creator
Varieties.
B,
Dendereh
A,
15, pi.
winged.
winged,
winged
C,
li).
on
(?).
Figures.
93a, flame-coloured sard, XVIII (?); 93b, pewter,

93c, bronze with
disc, horns, and uraeus

stitching on to a
human
peum,
head, crowned with
mummy
burg
Sard
1,
Blue paste
2, Black glaze 1.
Collar-bone (3) breast (3)
Univ. Coll. P. 8, Athens
Collections.
Gold
1,
1,
Pewter
stomach
3, St.
to
Mariette, Serapeum,
Lazuli
Materials.
Carnelian
1,
Position.
\.
Syenite
Neck
iii,
4,
1,
(2)
Horuza
1, St.
Peters-
SERPENT
(Not Uraeus,
57).
5).
(?).
Teeth
for
B, in tube.
A, long.
C, wavy.
D,
coiled,
(?).
half
turns.
E, 96e,
lazuli, prehistoric
amulet
96f
to
hang
(pi.
xlvii),
in house,
94a
2,
Mateiials.
carnelian,
VI, Zaraby
stone
94b,
1,
Limestone
1,
2,
Lazuli
Red
1,
glass 1,
Univ. Coll. P.
Flint 1, Yellow
Wood
lime-
1.
7.
Yellow glaze
base of chest
Pottery
Collection,
94d, gold.
(See
group 8
xi
Naqada, lviii, Xllth dynasty.)
Gold 2, Blue glaze 3, Bone 8,
bone,
94c,
4, Cairo,
D, 96d, yellow-brown limestone, prehistoric,

or staff, two and a
apparently to be placed round a finger
Roman.
Univ. Coll. P.
limestone, prehistoric, large

scale 2 5.
94a, bone, VI, group 5 ;

Figures.
94a
7
3, 4, blue glaze, rude,
;
group
bone, group
1.
pottery.
99).
VI
Bronze
A, 96a, dark wood, serpent of Mertseger (Lanz.,

Figures.
Biz. Mit., cxxvii); 96 b, flint, from Koptos, 1st dynasty (?).
B, 96c, red glass. C, two early dynastic house amulets in
Kherert (MacG. 12, 13, 14, 15, 29, 45, 47, 66).
Meaning. Five different vultures confer Being, Divinity,
Living with gods, Going among men, and Youth (Lacau,
Period,
1,
1.
(screw). E, spiral (volute).

Period. Prehistoric to XXVI
1.
Nert, Demzcdet, Ament, Themt, Urtheka, Sebkhet
Names.
Pewter
chest
Preservation from serpents
Varieties.
VULTURE STANDING.
94.
xx.
dentition (Pliny, xxx, 47).
(1).
Petersburg
4,
Zet (MacG.
Meaning.
1,
iii,
1.
Name.
Blue glass
Position.
Gold
Neck
96.
(xlvii).
3,
Roman.
also C, gold inlaid, in Mar., Sir.,
Collections.
Green glaze
xii
Position.
four genii, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21

93g, green glaze
with violet inlay in the hawk heads, and four genii. For
other figures of the genii see 182. Type C, 93h, blue glaze
Materials.
iii,
Materials.
93d, blue paste, with holes for

network 93e, f, blue glaze, with
to
XXX.
XXII
group 18
VI
98c, pewter, group 18 ;

95a, gold ; 98b, gold
Figures.
See type B, gold inlaid, in Mariette, Sera95d, bronze.
in boat.
Period.
to
wings.
Period.
walking
legs
1,
Red
glaze
97.
SERPENT HEAD, OR FOREPART.
MacG. 1).
Mcnqaryt, Menqabet (Lacau, 82
bite.
snake
avoid
Chapter 88 of the Book
Meaning. To
Name.
1.
(8).,
25

of the
Dead reads
"
Chapter whereby all serpents are kept

"
back
84
Chapter
Chapter whereby a person is not
devoured by the dweller in the shrine"; Chapter 35:
"
Chapter whereby the person is not devoured by a serpent
XXV to
Period.
Ptolemaic
(?).
"
100a, b, c, bronze.
Figure.
Material.
Bronze.
There
in the underworld."
nothing in these chapters to
is
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
M. and C,
explain the amulets further.

Varieties.
A, half length. B, head only.
Period.
Prehistoric to XXVI.
97a, red glass, of
Figures.
"
renpit" ; 97b, carnelian,of "the royal scribe Ptah-mes, keeper

"
of the horses
;
97c, d, carnelian
97e, sard; 97e 2, yellow
;
jasper; 97f,
green glaze 97g, carnelian; 97h, haematite
red
Also see 2 carnelian of
limestone, prehistoric.
97j,
f 2,
Ivory
Blue glass
8,
Brown
1,
glass
Position.
2,
glass
3,
jasper
Gold
1,
Agate
neck
1,
(2); base of
Cairo
Petersburg
Bed
1,
Throat
Collections.
St.
Ked limestone 1,
Green glaze 5, Green
28,
Murch
8,
1,
Yellow jasper
Varieties.
A, lizard.
Alnwick
2,
Turin
XXV
Ptolemaic
to
(?).
Bronze.
(1).
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
E.
8,
4.
1.
TAURT ON
CASE.
CASE.
For pregnancy, as amphisbaena in Pliny,
Meaning.
Name.
and
of
Figures.
Gecko are not distinguishable. Type A, 101a, b, c, bronze
101a 2, b 2, bronze. B, 101, bronze. C, 1 Old, bronze.
102.
COBRA ON
98.
C, lizard
These vary somewhat, but different types
E. 3,
P. 9,
B, two lizards.
cobra.
Material.
base of chest
(1);
Univ. Coll.
14,
1.
lizard in case for tertian fever
(Pliny, xxx, 30).
Period,
1,
Green
(Pliny, xxx, 30).
iii, xi).
Carnelian 50, Haematite
Materials.
Spotted lizard worn in case for quartan fever.
Meaning.
Hapi (Maeibtte, Serapeum,
LIZARD ON CASE.
101.
the lady of the house Nefer-
See Wilkinson,
2.
1,
842.
iii,
Unknown.
xxx, 48.
Meaning. Snake's skin eases delivery (Pliny, xxx,

For malaria (Bell., xiii, 20).
Period.
XXV to
Varieties.
Figure.
Material.
102.
Period.
Collection.
44).
A, reared up. B, lying twisted on case.

This class of reptiles on cases is shown by the
inscribed names to be as early as the XXVth dynasty and
Ptolemaic
(?).
Bronze.
Univ. Coll. P.
1.
being mentioned by Pliny
it
probably extended to Ptolemaic
SHREW MOUSE ON
103.
times.
Type A, 98a, bronze
Figures.
box
bronze,
98c,
"
inscribed
Atmu
give
to
life
to
hood
Hapy, son
"
of
Worn
Meaning.
Period.
for
E.
2, St.
Petersburg
alive
for
rheumatism
XXV to
Figure.
Material.
(?).
Bronze.
St.
Petersburg
2,
Univ. Coll. P.
1.
HORN.
Ob.
Meaning.
Period.
For evil eye

Roman.
(Bell.,
104, gazelle horn

Figure.
Material. Horn.
1.
Collection.
pregnancy (Pliny, xxx,
Ptolemaic
104.
AMPHISBAENA ON CASE.
99.
Worn dead
6,
XXV to
103.
Name.
Univ. Coll. P.
Period.
Collections.
probably only invoked for the fever.) Type B, 98d,d 2, dS,

bronze
For shape of head see Descrip.
98e, bronze.
Eg. Beptilia, Supplem. 3.
Material.
Bronze.
Collections.
boils (Pliny,
xxx, 84).
ardus,
Shab-pa-hor
right
uzat eye on front. (This is classed by Daressy as a figure
of Atmu, by the inscription (Cairo Cat. 38,704), but as
Atmu never appears elsewhere as a serpent, the god is
.
Dead shrew mouse passed round
Meaning.
98b, bronze, cornice to
broken away,
son
of KhonsuUn-nefer,
of
upper part
life
CASE.
Univ. Coll. P.
tip,
xii,
12).
Shurafeh, 1912.
1.
43).
105.
(P. xxx, 36).
Ptolemaic.
Meaning.
99a, b, bronze.
Figures.
Material.
Bronze.
Human,
BONE.
for ulcer (Pliny, xxviii, 11)
human
hare's pastern, bowel pains

skull, epilepsy (Bell., xiv, 12)
pig's pastern promotes discord (P. xxxviii,
(P. xxviii, 56)
;
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P.
100.
Meaning.
2,
St.
Petersburg
PHAGRUS EEL ON
Tooth
of
2.
81); frog, fevers and aphrodisiac (P., xxxii, 18); perch

vertebra, tertian fever (P., xxxii, 88).
Varieties.
A, mammalian bone. B, crocodile plate.
CASE.
phagrus worn for malaria (Pliny,
Period.
Figures.
xxxii, 38).
26
Roman.
A, 108a, Shurafeh, 1912.
B, 108b, crocodile

plate: 150c,
crocodile plate with iron rings,
mirror stuck on by resin.

Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
and
Meaning.
3.
CARDIUM EDULE SHELL.
111.
silvered
evil
Against
eye and witchery (Bell.,
xi,
Fet, 47).
Period.
Worn
Meaning.
Worn by
evil
Prehistoric to Vlth dynasty.

Ilia, prehistoric, Ballas 225; 111b,
Figures.
CORAL.
100.
In Italy worn against
infants (Pliny, xxviii, 7).
lllj, carnelian,
Position.
XII
Figures.
carnelian
107h,
2,
Position.
Collection.
of
112d, gold,
with glass
112e, carnelian
1,
name of
Amenemhat III
engraved with
name
XHth
of
beads, XVIIIth dynasty.

Materials.
Shell 5, Gold
107a, Cyp. pantherina, prehistoric, south town,

107b,
Cyp. annulus, prehistoric, 1625 Naqadeh
Naqadeh
107e, Cyp. caurica, Ballas
107c, d, same, Roman, Gheyta
;
xliv),
(pi.
King Rasekenen
pectoral of
Figures.
sides
XVIII.
a 5
112c, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, plain,
Roman.
to
112a
Senusert I; 112c, electrum, with
same both
shells.
(Red Sea Pearl).
Meaning. Protection from evil eye and witchery, from

resemblance to vulva (Bell., Am., 61 Fet., 38). In tombs
at Ascolauo (Boni, Nuov. Antol., 1 Oct., 1912).
107f, silver gilt,
many
8,
Univ. Coll. P.
CYPRAEA SHELL.
Prehistoric to
group
MELEAGRINA MARGARITIFERA SHELL
Period.
Period.
lllf, g, h, carnelian,
1.
Unknown.
Name.
Pectoral pendants.
Collection.
112.
107.
same (?)
Hie,
carnelian, group 1
3.
group
Carnelian
Materials.
Graeco-Roman.
106, branch of coral with silver uraeus twisted
Figure.
upon it. (See figure 58c, and Coral dog, 233c.)
Period.
Univ. Coll. P.
Mahasna, tomb 461
carnelian,
eye (Bell., ixjr~
Collection.
Hid,
111c, carnelian, group 14;
in India for dangers (Pliny, xxxii, 11).
dynasty;
Electrum
4.
Pectoral pendants.
Univ. Coll. P. 12.
107g, silver sheet; 107h,
dark blue glaze
107j, green
glaze,
CLEOPATRA BULIMOIDES SHELL.
113.
Mahasna 418, Vlth dynasty; 107k, green glaze; 1071, pi.

107m,
xliv, black and white porphyry, XVIIIth dynasty
Late prehistoric to Vlth dynasty.
Period,
green glaze
Materials.
Shell,
Silver
gilt
1,
Silver
3, Blue glaze 1.
Position.
Necklace, and bracelets.
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P. 6, E. 1, and
1,
Carnelian
group 5
group 3
1,
Green glaze
Period.
many
XHth
threaded with blue-glazed ball beads,

Position.
Necklace.
Collection.
Univ. Coll.
Shells,
Figures.
Ballas 355,
109a,
to
prehistoric,
and many
string,
Worn by
(Steabo, XVI,
iv,
Nuov. Antol., 1
XHth
dynasty.
Ballas ; 109b,
blue
paste,
Univ.
felspar 1,
Bone
4,
and
for wearing, but
beads, and
many
Hi,
Period,
Troglodyte
women
against witchery
and witchery
Forum
Ballas 519,
Naqadeh 1684.
Univ. Coll. P.
POLINICES MAMILLA SHELL.
Prehistoric.
shells.
115, Ballas 572, Koptos.

Position. Necklace.
Figure.
110.
Period.
Figures.
of top,
CONUS SHELL.
Late prehistoric, XXIIIth dynasty.

110b, c llOd (pi. xv),
110a, Zowaydeh
;
Collection.
Collection.
Univ.
Coll. P.
slice
116.
Hawara, XXIIIrd dynasty.
Position.
1.
shells.
Oct., 1912).
Figure.
115.
string of
Coll. P.,
Green
Prehistoric.
dynasty.
Necklace.
Collection.
2,
pierced, for evil eye

Worn in Rome, tombs in
17)
Period.
Collection.
XHth
Position.
PECTUNCULUS VIOLACESCENS SHELL.
114.
dynasty.
MITRA MACULOSA SHELL.
Late prehistoric
Sard
Univ. Coll. P.
(Bell., Fet, 41).
Period.
113b, bone,
113c, c 2, sard,
108c, carnelian,
shells.
109.
(The following shells are found pierced

no imitations are known.)
Meaning.
carnelian
P.,
XHth
Ballas
group 30
Necklace.
Collection.
dynasty.
108a, b, Sinai, Serabit temple
Figures.
felspar,
113d, sard, group 2.
Position.
shells.
string of shells,
113c, green
Materials.
NERITA CRASSILABRUM SHELL.
108.
113a,
Figures.
(pi. xlvi).
Necklaces.
Univ. Coll. P.
27
CASSIS
NODULOSA SHELL.
Period,
Late prehistoric.
Figure.
116, Ballas 207.
e 2
(Boni,

Green serpentine
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Iron
MUREX
117.
1.
Univ. Coll. P. 12.
Collection.
118.
HELIX DESERTORUM SHELL.

118a, b,
Figures.
c,
Xllth
dynasty,
Naqadeh 1615.
Position.
Necklaces.
Collection.
prehistoric,
Hawara;
Naqadeh 698
118g,
h,
Meaning. Worn by children against the evil eye (Bell.,

In Egypt probably worn by children, as it has a
head of Bes on the earlier examples.
xv, 10).
118d,
XXVth
Figure.
119.
Collection.
(?) to
124b, bronze, Gurob;

124a, iron, Illahun
124c, bronze, with head of Bes on each side (pi. xliv)
;
124d, bronze
(pi. xlvi).
Bronze and Iron.
Material.
All
Position.
Bracelet.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection,
Name.
Figure.
120, Koptos.
Security
OLIVA SHELL.
Name.
Ilepoti-liat.
Protector
Meaning.
Early.
121a, b, Koptos,
Univ. Coll. P.
Prehistoric.
Figure.
122,
XVIIIth
Period.
Naqadeh 1567.
(?).
XlXth dynasty.
to
126a, blue glaze faded white
Figures.
Rifeh.
TEREBRA CONSOBRINA SHELL.
Period.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
127.
Name,
123.
Period.
STONE IMPLEMENT.
Peseshkef,
and others.
2,
red glaze,
2.
PRINCESS.
Protector
(?).
XVIIIth dynasty.
127a, bronze Tell el Amarna, perhaps a badge

Figures.
worn by the household of a princess 127b, blue glaze.
Bronze 1, Blue glaze 1.
Material.
;
Meaning. To open the mouth of the mummy (see 37).

Black round stones like axes are called baetuli, and longer
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P.
they are sacred, and potent in taking cities

"
"
in
thunderstones
Called
(Pliny, xxxvii, 51).
2.
128.
Italy and Northern Europe; worn as charms against

lightning and evil actions (Bell., I III ; Fet., 43 Am., 14).
Meaning.
Period.
Also regarded as thunderstones in China.

Period.
126a
Hent.
Meaning.
ones kerauniae
Naqadeh 1567, Koptos.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
fleets
13.
SEATED PRINCE.
126.
Names.
tomb
12Sa, b, green glaze, Mahasna,

Univ. Coll. P. 1.
Collection.
Figure.
121.
and
(?).
Vlth dynasty.
Period.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
122.
BOLT.
Sest.
Meaning.
TURBO, OPERCULUM
Early.
Collection.
DOOR
125.
Period.
Figures.
5.
dynasty.
Univ. Coll. P.
120.
Period,
Roman.
Figures.
Univ. Coll. P.
Period,
XXVI
Period.
prehistoric,
CLANCULUS PHARAONIS SHELL.
119.
BELL.
124.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
f,
TERNISPINA SHELL.
117.
Figure.
e,
Black jasper 2, Green glaze 2, Alabaster 1,

1, Yellow steatite 1, Honey sard 1, Silver 1,
Materials.
Necklace.
Position.
Prehistoric to
XXVIth
Figures.
black glaze
dynasty.
123a, yellow steatite, Vlth dynasty, group 13;

Figures.
black
123d,
c,
123b,
jasper, the baetuli described by Pliny
MEDUSA HEAD.
To protect by
Roman.
repelling onlookers.
128a, b, green glaze
128c, green, yellow, and
(xliii).
Collection.
Univ.
Coll. P. 3.
123f (xliii),
123e (pi. xliii), basalt
honey sard, Hawara
1st
all
from
slate
dynasty
123g (xliii), green glaze, e, f, g,
town Abydos; 123h (xliv), green glaze, Vlth dynasty,
;
129.
BULLA.
Meaning.
Period.
Zaraby
123j (xv), green serpentine, prehistoric, Naqadeh
1567; 123k, silver; 1231, iron; 123m (pi. xlv), alabaster,
;
Illahun,
XXIInd
Figures.
dynasty.
(xliii),
28
Protection.
I to
Roman.
129a, b, b 2
(pi. xliii),
carnelian, group 14
129c
green opaque serpentine, 1st dynasty town, Abydos

129d, alabaster
129e, agate,
XXHIrd
(?)
dynasty, Ranies-
seum 129f, ivory; 129g, jade, gilt resin attached to end

for the suspension hole
129h, black steatite
129j, green
;
129k, gold over a white paste body ;

See
nodule set in bronze frame (pi. xlvi).
frame
glass in silver
flint
1291,
Naqada,
97.
lviii, lxiv,
shells, uzat eyes of blue glaze and bronze open-work,

papyrus charm pendant 131f, knotted cords with baboon
;
Tahuti seated, uzat eyes open-work, Taurt, tooth of

hyaena, cowry shell, papyrus charm pendant 131g, cord
with cowry shells, uzat eyes, Bast, and papyrus charm. All
of
Carnelian
Materials.
cowries; 131d, knotted card with papyrus charm pendants,

uzat eyes, and Isis seated of blue glaze 131e, with cowry
2,
each of Emery, Jade, Flint,
Agate, Black steatite, Alabaster, Gold, Ivory, Green glass.

Univ. Coll. P. 12.
Collection.
from Kafr Ammar,
On
Position.
Meaning.
To
Varieties.
A, plain.
distract
and avert the evil eye.

C, figures.
B, matwork.
D,
Prehistoric,
130g, shell, Naqadeh 1848
130h
Naqadeh 144
2, shell,
Coptic.
"
132, COHC0E AWPE,
May thou be saved, O
Figure.
Illahun. (An Arab
band.
a
in
on
white
Doros,"
purple
!
at lower end to hold
130f, shell
1384
Modern.
hook inside
130a, shell,
130c, shell, Naqadeh
130b, shell, Naqadeh, T. 16
130d, shell, Naqadeh 1848; 130e, shell, Naqadeh 1007 ;
philosopher of this name is mentioned by Suidas.)

Collection.
Univ. Coll. P.
130h, shell, Naqadeh

130j, shell, Naqadeh, B.
;
133.
130m, shell, Naqadeh 399 130n, black

and white limestone
black
steatite
130o, p,
130q, clear
green serpentine 130r, black and white porphyry. TypeB,
130s, shell carved in basket pattern, with hook at lower end
323
130k,
1,
shell
CHARM
hold up a
veil.
Type
To hold a written charm.
Varieties.
A, vertical.
C, 130t, u, shell, carved as female
Shell 16, Black
and white limestone
2,
B, horizontal.
C, square.
D,
heart-shaped. E, crescent-shaped.
Period. Xllth dynasty to Modern.
"
Bast
A, 133a, limestone model inscribed
Figures.
foil
resin
over
of
the
133b, gold
body,
city," early
lady
figures.
Materials.
CASE.
Meaning.
to
Protection.
Meaning.
gilt
Period.
Figures.
399
7.
WOVEN CHARM.
132.
tube, modern.
veil
the neck and chest.
FOREHEAD PENDANT.
130.
up
xxv.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Period.
xxiii
Black
Xllth dynasty (?) 133c, bronze case, in form of obelisk,

with doors engraved on one side, inscribed, Asar men f
"
For Seka may Osiris establish
Seka du as f neb ta :
;
steatite, 1,
tine 1,
Black and white porphyry
Copper
1,
Clear green serpen-
1.
On
Position.
to
fit
forehead, as found in burials, and curved
may the lord of the land give his tomb," XXVth

iron case, Balyzeh, Coptic; 133e, durite,
133d,
dynasty;
with cross lines, imitating binding (see next) 133f, roll of
him, and
the position.
Univ. Coll. P. 21.
Collection.
leather,
KNOTTED CORD.
131.
For
elaborately bound with thread.
imitation
Meaning. No statement of the meaning remains in

Egypt, but in Europe we find according to Pliny (xxviii, 27)
charm cases in the Xllth dynasty see Dahchour, xvii, xviii,

and later rough rolls of papyrus on the cords,
xix, xxiv
131 above. Imitated also by small cylinders of wood worn
seven knots in the girdle effective for catching hyaenas ; in

xxviii, 12, a thread knotted with the names of widows is
against witchcraft in Central Africa (Leicester Museum).

See also imitation charm rolls in 131b, d, f, g.
used for inguinal hernia

for conception (xxx, 49).
and knotted hairs of a she-mule

In modern times we read of un-
133j
on each
of three coloured threads in order to
bronze,
"
tective, just as
the ordinary liegab,"
leather case (Seligmann).
making anything
Period.
Xllth
The
C.
"
essential idea seems to be
el
Amarna, Roman, group 24
all
probably of
Roman
age
133
133m,
n, bronze,
The square package
La
illaha
ilia
is of
Arab
origin.
133o, cast lead,
Allah wa khadamu
la saicyd
no god but Allah, and his servant shall not be

shame" probably intended for a Copt to wear, with
There
is
put to
a colourable imitation of the Muslim formula
133p,
leather case, containing Arabic charms written on a sheet
:
XXVth
dynasty.
knot of cord, of hollow gold, Dahshur
Xllth dynasty; 131b, cords with sard pendant, blue-glazed
uzat open work, papyrus charm pendants, cowry shells and
mat eye; 131c, cords with bronze Nefertimi, uzat eyes and
Figures.
Wushim,
inscribed,
in a
certain, or controlling others.

to
wood, Tell
Arab.
Among the Hadendoa, knots

which have been tied by a holy man, or even by a fiqi
(teacher), while a text of the Koran is recited, are proor written charm
(pi. xliii),
is later.
133g, pottery
black
133h,
glass rod, gold ends
133k, dark violet opaque glass; 1331, green glaze
check a man's movements.
Memphis, Roman
model,
tying knots in cord to liberate a sailing wind, in the Isle of

Man, Finland and Germany and three times three knots
cast, three
The horizontal charm case
B.
of paper, 12
131a,
17 inches, folded in 8 folds each
way
bears 57 lines with one magic square of 6 x 8, and

another of 5 X 6, and a pentacle; modern, brought by
Martyn Kennard from Nubia, 1854.
it
29

D.
x!iv),
(pi.
silver,
133s, gold hollow, with imitation Runic inscription ;

small copy in lead, Coptic; 133t, gold, probably a
E.
133s
2,
copy of
an amulet
number value
The charm
case.
name
of the
Baduh
of
of writing 2468, the
the spirit of carrying,
13*.
Meaning. Derived from the papyrus with the figure of a

cow, which was placed under the head of the dead according
to the 162nd chapter of the Book of the Dead.
For an
p. 50, pi. lxxix.
XXXth
Period.
dynasty.
134a, the deceased mummy on the back of the
Figures.
cow, with the winged disc and uraeus over it, fragments of
formula around
cartonnage coloured red and black 131b,

Amen, adored by two
two
men
and
two
women
baboons,
above, the bark of the
Sun below, reversed, the cow, with the winged disc and uraeus
reverse of
a,
the four-ramheaded form of

;
it
fragments of inscription black on yellow ground.
134b 2, a larger disc with more figures (like Abyd. lxxix),
and on reverse the baboons adoring the shining disc, and
Isis and Nebhat mourning with the crowned zed sign
between being black with fine yellow lines it will not photograph 134c, eight crocodile heads around a disc, with eight
baboons above, and below Paunhatef offering Maat to the
hawk of Ba; yellow and red with black drawing on cartonnage.
over
INSCRIBED STONE CHARMS, GREEK.
183.
Those on the
left
side
of
pi.
xxi
are
reverses of those on the right side in the

to each.
the
same
inscribed
order, each
nursing Horus, Athlthaththab, blundered

Athlathaivdba
Bes standing, Tas Berberetc for
for
Isis
Bebcretc (see
135t);
"
135d,
black steatite,
him three goats (evil persons), before

hawks ( j ustified persons), as on 1 35y
around, a ram, a lion, Set, Anubis and four signs lost;
Pit re (the sun) thbain
ddi
and three lines of
unknown letters; 135o, Prussian blue glass, heart of Osiris
and heart of Isis facing He Kharis, " favour." This may
Mormoron
to
belong to the followers of Marcus, who taught the partaking

of the Kharis in the wine (Iren., adv. Ilaer., I, xiii, 1
3)
135p, black steatite, lion-headed uraeus of Khnumu, over

the sun's disc in an enclosure, traces of inscription around
;
Bennu
bird (soul of Osiris) with triple plant on a stand,

(compare the triple plant on stand behind Min), lad ; 135q.
black steatite, the bennu as before, crescent above, two
"
"
serpents across a staff below ; Eupepti, good digestion ;
135r, black steatite, lion-headed uraeus, in circle, two
serpents across staff; bennu bird as on 135p (see 135v, w,

next plate). PI. xxii ; 135s, black haematite, sun's disc in an
enclosure, lion-headed serpent over it, figure in front, bar
behind;
135t,
jasper, head
black steatite,
of
Serapis,
Tas
diliullsse
beberte
(division
135u, black
uncertain)
On
pi. xlvi, 135x, jasper, dark green blood

on
the lotus in a papyrus bark, with a
stone, Harpokrates
crowned hawk on either end, star in front; 135y, haematite,
135v, w, as 135r.
figures holding a spear, star before, crescent behind
back Mikhail
phiale
Figures and Materials. 135a, black glass, Serapis with

Isis and Nephthys
"Isis conquers"; 135b, hard black
limestone, Aphrodite drying her locks, S. Ps.
135c, brown
limestone,
and that of Merneptah. Tell el Yehudiyeh 135m, blue

glass, Horus radiated in a bark, between Isis and Nephthys
"
winged; Sabadth Adonai, Lord of Hosts" 135n, blue glass,
Horus on the lotus in a bark, above him three khepers
(triune Creator), behind
him probably were three
HYPOCEPHALUS.
account of some fine examples see Abydos, L,
Atherne Mind Pisidaos Thibrim, Psausildi : four blundered

cartouches, among them the two cartouches of Ramessu II,
written on letters in Egypt.
is still
"
"
galloping lion; wreath and leaf, Eukairian, good fortune ;

1351, black limestone, figure standing with uraeus on head,
peacock-blue enamel, loose

at
inside
to hold a written charm or
the top with slip
plug
relic
133r, bronze imitation of previous, not opening.
133q
on the
135z, lazuli, crowned seated figure holding
on the back Piimou.
for the details of this elaborate amulet it

examine the facsimile on an enlarged scale
xlix),with transcription and translation of the intelligible
135aa, bronze
will be best to
(pi.
parts.
On
the
first
with two additional
face is a large central figure of Bes,
human
elaborate head-dre33 of
The
animal heads, the four wings, and
faces,
one on either
side.
scaring for rascals," or perhaps

connected with mormorion a transparent black stone from
the serpent at the feet enclosing various noxious animals,

are all Been on a bronzo figure of Bes from the Serapeum,
reverse in an unknown alphabet

Anubis
jasper,
standing by a mummy laid
back, Abrasax; 135f, green chalcedony, lion-
and on the Metternich stele (Lanzone, Diz. Mit., lxxx, lxxxi).

At the proper right is Bakhakhukh ; this phrase repeated
adding a syllable each time, occurs in the Greek and
The four-headed ram comes
Demotic magical papyri.
next, with the name Khab, a god of the north with four
rams' heads (Lanz., Diz. Mit., 1190). Next is the name Ilau
Kobbli,
possibly
India (Pliny, xxxvii, 63)

135e,
brown
on a lion's
headed serpent radiated, three serpents across a staff
Thmouer Khnoumis, Z, M, KH=67 135g,
behind;
black limestone, Set standing holding serpents and onkh Id
Set laid; Iaeo ba phren emoun (see 135aa); 135h, haematite,
hawk
atha, five letters in an unknown alphabet
or; 135j, haematite, the sun's disc in an enclosure (see 135v,
pi. xxii) with ears of corn and serpents, Isis and Anubis (?)
;
above
(?
it, lad oro riouth ; Aphreni, Sumbel, Mekhtu, Psklir

Sokar) eimi, lkhankhala, Eoulkheoukh, apparently the
names
of genii
135k, haematite, body of Harpekroti upon a
for
is
Ra, the four-headed ram (L., D.M,. clxxxii). Following

title Ph neskherpld, probably connected with kriphiin
the
This is followed by Phdklids, a word found

theLeyden magical papyrus, and a3 Phdx in the Demotic
"
magic papyrus. Phylax, the guardian," is tbo title of the
sphinx on the opposite side of the axis. Beyond this is a
gryphon, with the words lie gom ph. ... In the next
the Iaeo formula.

in
30

register is a bandaged mummy, holding scourges on each
of which are two uraei; by the side is Ablanathanalba, a
word often found in magic papyri (Greek in British Museum,
is
It is a
Paris, and Leyden, also Demotic), and on gems.
reversible phrase, the latter half made by reversing the
former part ablanath is the group to be explained. Opposite
"
is Anubis standing, with Aleximandre-ula,
bark, guardian
of man."
Behind him is Iao-la-ila-ma ; it is tempting to
"
see in this an early type of the formula of Islam,
la illaha
"
ilia Allah
ma might be an Egyptian form of Aramaic
"
with me," Arabic mdi.
imi, "with me," Egyptain my,
kahran, "the horned."
a radiated lion-headed god, holding a radiated lion-headed

This is a form of Khnumu, as he
serpent, and the onkh.
is
In the second register is a figure wrapped in wings,

a standard.
In the middle is a four-armed
holding
crowned Horus
the inscription is only legible at the end,

;
"
a
the god." In
Phnoeououti,
prolonged form of pa nuter,
front is another Horus with the royal attributes of the
scourge and tail (Lanz., D. M., ccxxvii, 1).

In the third register is Thoth seated, with a female
Thus the formula might be rendered, " I AM, there

none else with me," testifying the Unity. The phrase
common
Khamous, which is a late form of Khnumu
called Khnoubis
is
figure before him, carrying a standard
is
Before these
and British Museum Greek papyri.
is
hawk with
serpent
and other
tail,
named Ar po
objects.
carrying a branch.
the creator," and
a partly defaced figure with two

animal
and
a
crown
of seven uraei.
legs,
*rge
Compare
vith parts of Horus in Lanz., D. M., ccxvii. By this begins
khnouphis, "Horus
Brintat enophn.
This combination is found in
Demotic and in the Paris Greak papyrus. Below khnouphi
may possibly be Rosthi Thuth neortou. Below can bs
the Akrammakhamarix, which occurs with the termination

marei in the British Museum and Paris papyri. It is almost
distinguished a lion, with perhaps Saba behind it, and a

baboon of Thoth with the head of the ibis of Thoth on the
word, and akhramakh is the group to be

explained.
Possibly the Semitic kerim, gracious or noble,
"
may be the source, and the phrase be thy most gracious
back the other signs and letters can hardly be settled

without some better example of such figures.
At first sight the mixture of Egyptian, Semitic and
Greek would seem incredible to a scholar of any one of the
in the Paris
In the third register
This
reversible
is
me." This would agree with the subject of Horus, trampThe

ling on crocodiles, and subduing the noxious animals.
"
lion in the group has Saba by it, the Arabic saba,
a lion,"
justifying our looking to an Arabic form for the phrase
akhramakh. Above this is a lion trampling on a skeleton,
a group seen in other Gnostic objects
is
behind
is
languages
elements.
yet there
can be no doubt
The names and
of
figures of the
each of these
gods show
how
the Semitic
largely the Egyptian enters into the mixture
is shown by Saba, the lion, which makes more probable the
readings of Akhrammakh and Iao la ila ma ; and the Greek
;
magical papyrus
and a gem. Below is Abrasax, the mysterious
word commonest on Gnostic amulets, which has not been
evident in Aleximandreula and Phylax.
The
in Paris,
is
explained.
of the equivalents is seen in the variants Re, Ran, Iaeo,

Iao, Khnoubis, Khnouphis, Brintat, Brinteti, so that we
The numerical values
of the letters total to 365.
accuracy as a criterion. The main value of

the figures which help to attach a
meaning to the phrases in the magical papyri.
Irenaeus (adv. Haeres, i, xxiv, 7) says that the Basilidians

declare that their chief is Abrasax (Greek) or Abraxas
It is therefore a divine name.
(Latin version).
On
cannot take
this
Just,
Phokhos.
G. P.
litho
elsewhere in completely reversible form, with kriphi in

place of on in the first half, in magical papyri of British
Museum,
Paris,
Berlin.
kriphi here is of value, as

to
The
xlvi,
substitution of on for
showing how the sentence
In the centre
is
Horus seated
8).
P. G.
in
D. A.
1891,
180,
pp.
184.
iv 18.
349.
B.M.
xlvi,l.
See index of B. M. G. P.,

P. Z. G. P.,
I.,
p.
261
D. A., p 182.
B. M. G. P., I., index,
154.
I,
803, II,
B. M. xlvi, I. 63 ;
P. P. 982, 3030. Mimaut pap., 1. 79 (see Wessely).
p. 256.
P. P., 1. 2132.
Lion treading on skeleton. D. A. p. 53.
Akhrammakh, etc.
is
be divided, and that some equivalence may be looked for

two words. Also the sentence breaks after emoun,
shown by 138g.
1.
Abrasax.
in these
as
63,478(B. M. G.P., I., 67, 80).

G. P. M. D., I., 16,
P. P. 1. 3030, L. P. G., V, 4a 3, 5a 15.
Also often on gems.
verso xxii 13, xxvii 8.
D. A., p 5. B. M.
Lailama. P. P. 1625, 1804, 1983.
emoun othilari on aeu (reversing) ea ipliirk

nuome nerph ab oeai. This sentence is found
and
M. D.
L.
Ablanath,etc.
Iaeo ba phren
ira
in
xxvii, 13 (see note to
evil
standing
Trinity
animals going away, three goats, three serpents, and three
crocodiles.
Under the hawks is the reversible inscription
;
is
becoming animal, emblems of the Creative Trinity. Below

is Horus in the bark, which shows the direction to be
These birds are the souls of the
facing the three hawks.
behind are the
literal
amulet
The following references to papyri containing these

names I owe to the kindness of Sir Herbert Thompson
Bakhakhukh, etc., W.S.V. p. 19, No. 16, 1. 50 and 70.
B.M.G.P. xlvi, 1. 11, 362. G.P.M.D., v 8, vi 25, viii. 10.
the reverse of the amulet are, at the top, the Divine

Below these are three scarabs, the self-
names, lad Iesous.
before the
looseness,
1.
1.
P. P. 1283, 3020.
P. P., 1. 398. B. M. xlvi, col. 5
Iaeo ba phren emoun, etc.
P. Z. G. P., I. Mimaut pap. 1. 59.
verso.
P. Z. G. P., I,
237.
P.P., 2199.
Arpokhnoupi, etc.
in the
Iesous.
with a figure before him. Behind

is Brinteti en, which must be
compared with the phrase
"
the
below, Brintat enophri, clearly enophri is un-nefer,
"
and
en
be
the
this
Behind
good Being,"
un,
may
being.
lotus flower in a boat,
1'
G. P. M. D. xvi
31
67.

The above
are
initials
B.
M. G.
P., British
Museum
D. A., Dietrich, Abraxas.

G. P. M. D.,
Papyri.
L.
P.
Griffith, Pap. mag. demotic
G., Leyden, Pap. Grk.
P. P., Paris papyrus in Wessely, Griechiselie Zaxd>erpapyrus
Greek
von Paris
u.
London, Wiener Denkschr. 1888.
P. Z. G. P.,
Parthey, Zicci griechische Papyri d. Berliner Mus.

W. S. V., Wiinsch, Sethianische Verfluchnngstafeln.
136.
1866.
figure standing with four characters behind
unknown'signs.
steatite,
house of the sun
PI. xxii, 136b,
inscription.
five views, basalt
steatite,
Name.
lines of
Meaning.
a divinity
Varieties.
a mountain, like Mt. Argaeus on the coins of Caesarea, two

lines of inscription.
From the types and characters it
136c, black
appears to belong to the Cilician region
steatite, Horus on crocodiles of usual type, but with hiero;
a barbaric imitation, as also on the back

black
steatite, a figure standing with a staff in the
136d,
lines
of characters on the back resembling Mandaite
hands,
glyphs reduced
to
barbaric imitation of inscription
this
CROSS.
Salvation and protection.

A, plain cross. B, Chi-rho cross.
Coptic.
f,
1 2, iron
137u, wood
137v, y, bronze Mem137w,
bronze;
137x,
lead;
137z, bronze, hollow
phis;
case
with
on
the
centre.
B, 137aa
reliquary
aquamarine
dark
blue
cross
red
white,
(xliv),
glass,
spots around,
bone
circle.
moon
the sun and Leo, the
A, 137a, b, c, c2 to 6d, bronze; 137d2, lead;

2
smaller, h, bronze } 137j, mother of pearl;
g
g,
137k, bronze; 1371, lead; 137m, black steatite, Koptos;
137n, n 2, with two balls on ends, o, o 2, bronze 137o3,
lead
137p, bronze
137q, wood, and q 2, rougher 137r, s,
137e,
with a serpent coiled on a staff; three lines of degraded

Semitic; 136g, slate, an ass-headed figure with legs ending
in serpents
four lines of degraded characters
136h, onyx,
;
Stauros.
Period.
aa
moon
with
Figures.
136e, limestone blackened, two bird-headed figures over a

worshipper four lines of degraded Semitic 136f, two figures
;
136k, 1,
136m, black jasper, the
stone has been broken, and mounted in a silver band, with

the suspension ring at the bottom.
137.
holding a branch standing on the back of a couchant bull;

a tree, with two lines of inscription below four lines of
a palm tree with two young ones
inscription on the base
136j, grey
slate tablets
xxiii,
degraded Kufic inscriptions ;

and Cancer, the house of the
INSCRIBED STONE CHARMS, NON-GREEK.
PI. xxi, 136a, black

Figures and Materials.
Horus hand in hand with another figure; two
PL
137t,
similar in light blue glass.
2,
On
Bronze 22, Lead 8, Wood

Mother of pearl 1.
Materials.
Black
CHAPTER
xlvi,
pi.
bone; 137ac, lead; 137ad, lead; 137ae,
af,
8,
A, 137ab,
lead, cross in
Iron 2, Bone
2,
steatite 1,
VII
AMULETS OF HUMAN-HEADED GODS

Theophoric Amulets, 138
When
179.
the dim ideas of similars and of charms such as

Eskimo now use had given place to a belief in gods
with intelligence and feelings akin to those of men, it was
Horus, which are also compared to the sun and moon.

The 140th chapter of the Book of the Dead refers to the
sun as the eye, and was to be " Said on an eye of pure
quite natural that the images of such deities should take the
place of the stocks and stones which had been venerated.
Lazuli or mak stone ornamented with gold

an offering is
made before it of all things good and holy
another
is made of jasper, which a man will put on any of his limbs
that he chooses."
The 167th chapter refers to an uzat eye
the
The system
beliefs, and
amulets was at once adapted
of
to the theistic
figures of the gods became the most popular of

all amulets.
The very different numbers of amulets of the
brought by Tahuti.
various gods show clearly which were the most generally

worshipped. Horus, Isis and Osiris account for much more
numbers
than half of the human-headed figures. As the eye of Horus

was one of the earliest amulets, we begin with it here, as
introducing the Horus group.
discriminate A, the earliest form (Old Kingdom) with very

short appendages, imitating the pattern of feathers below the
hawk's eye; B, larger appendages, with a flat surface; C,
The main
Varieties.
here,
from 138
coloured surface
138.
Name.
Meaning.
The eye
Pei-iod.
properly a pair, right and
Horus.
left,
The
uzat
D, incised surface.
The order
in the plates
that of the age as nearly as can be estimated.

The order
of numbering and description is that of the classification.
52).
of
are put under different

In this class, 138, we may
is
UZAT EYE OF HORUS.
Uzat (MacG.
classes
to 142.
eyes
are
Figures.
representing the two eyes of
82
138b,
c, d,
VI
to Ptolemaic.
brown limestone group 8
Type A, 138a,
sard, groups 1, 2, 7
138e, green felspar, group

30; 138f, bone, group 13
138g, sard, group 14; 138g2,
sard, group 7; 138h, bone, group 5; 138h'2, sard, group 2;
138j, j 2, j 3, k, k2, sard, group 3
138j 4, sard, group 7.
hard
white
back
similar
1381 2, same,
B,
1381,
calcite,
Type
;
back plain
syenite;
chlorite
m 5, grey porphyry
m 8, haematite m 9,
;
138m 2,
m6, pink
138m, volcanic ash;
blue glass; 138n, porphyry

138p, steatite, XVIII, Tell
limestone;
m 4,
m 7,
m 10,
dark
diorite;
3,
grey marble
138o
138o, diorite;
Amarna
jade;
2,
138p2, grey
porC, 138r, blue glaze, black

;
phyry; 138q, porphyry. Type

relief; 138s, same, Memphis, XXIII;
same, faded;
138t,
139n 4 (xlvii), copper plate, eye embossed, scale 2:5; 139o,

bronze, eye inlaid with coloured limestone, and coloured
glass above and below.
Type D, on ring, 139p, jasper
ring,
engraved with uzat.
and black glaze
Type E, square, 139q, green

Nebesheh 139r, dull
7, green,
green glaze; 139r 2, green glaze

burnt brown
139t, green glaze;
(pi. xliv),
139s, green glaze

139u, bronze.
Type F,
(xlvii);
139v
yellow glaze.
Green and blue glaze 84, Silver 3, Bronze 8,

Electrum 1, Amethyst 1, Jasper 1, Yellow glaze 1.
Materials.
Lead
2,
Collection.
138u, blue, black lines, Karnak, XXV; 138u2, similar;

138u 3, green glaze, Naukratis. Type D, 138v, jade 138v 2,
UZAT EYE, MULTIPLE.
140.
green glaze; 138w, olive green glaze; 138x, carnelian

138x2, dark blue, three joined; 138x3, blue paste, Naukratis; 138y, apple-green glaze, Gizeh; 138y2
5, blue
139q 2
glaze, Naukratis
138z, diorite;
138ab, blue and black glaze;
Memphis
green glaze,
138ad2 9,
138aa, yellow green glaze
138ab
138ad,
2,
green glaze
light blue-green glaze
XXIIIth
to
XXVth
B, double eye.
C, quad-
dynasty.
Figures.
Type A, 140a, green glaze gone brown, two
eyes alternate with two onkhs ; 140b, green and black glaze,
and black
Zuweleyn and
faded blue
green glaze; 138ae,

138ae 2 19, blue and black glaze,
glaze
Tanis 138af (pi. xliv), green and black glaze, Dendereh,
Ptolemaic 138ag (xliv), gold, XVIII. (See 131b, c, d, e, f,
;
ruple eye.
Period.
A, bead cylinder.
D, multiple eye.
138ac,
Varieties.
three eyes; 140c, deep blue
and black
glaze,
two eyes.
Type B, 140d, light green, inscribed Sekhmet on back,

Zuweleyn. Type C, 140e, yellow paste, with traces of blue
examples in Deshasheh and many of XXII

Hyksos and Israelite Cities).
Materials.
Sard 29, Green and blue glaze 46, Porphyry
15, Amethyst 5, Green felspar 5, Gold 5, Carnelian 3,
Diorite 3, Calcite 2, Grey agate 2, Haematite 3, Lazuli 2,
Bone 2, Jade 2, and 1 each of Syenite, Volcanic ash, Seralso four early
to
XXV
in
pentine, Chlorite, Steatite,
Brown
limestone,
Grey marble,
Pink limestone, Blue glass, Blue paste.

Position.
Forehead (3) throat (5) chest (14)
arms
and
hands (3).
(3)
;
paste inlay, reverse below; 140f, blue glaze, black lines and
yellow rosette ; 140g, green and black glaze, two uaz plants
between the eyes
Collections.
classes.
Figures.
Type A, open work, 139a,
electrum ring
XII
(?)
with nefer, XVIII; 139h, olive and black glaze, XXIII;

139h 25, blue glaze
139h 6, blue and black glaze, large
139j, k,
modern amulet beads, copied from

1391, blue and black glaze, inlaid
and red glaze cheek 139m, green
deep blue glaze,
uzat.
Type B, inlaid,
with white glaze eye,
and black glaze, traces of red paste, inlay
Nebesheh
139m 3 12,
139m
2,
blue
(xlvii),
green glaze, Naukratis.

139n 2
139n, silver plate, incised
lead plate, similar but larger, scale 2:5; 139n 3
(xlvii),
larger pewter plate cut to outline of eye, scale
glaze,
Type
C, metal plate,
4, 5,
Coll. P. 10,
E.
4.
UZAT EYE, WITH GODS.
Meaning. The 163rd chapter of the Book of the Dead

"
Said on a serpent
concerns the mystic eyes, and is to be
disc.
Two eyes
a
two-horned
and
two
bearing
legs,
having
E, with apes. F, with lion.

D, with bull.
H, with Ra. J, with Sekhmet or Bastet.
Period. XXIIIrd dynasty.
Type A, 141a, the vulture's legs and wings
Figures.
below the eye, and a uraeus before it. Type B, 141b, blue
and red
glaze, with white glaze eye and obsidian pupil,
vulture's
the
wings, and an
glaze inlay above and below
G, on
139c,
silver;
b,
140g
C, with cats.
metal plate.
F, in cartouche.
139d, green glaze 139e, amethyst, Koptos,

139f, g, deep blue glaze, curved to fit the wrist, Uzat
;
are before him, having two legs and two wings." This may
refer to some such figure as the type A.
Varieties.
B, wing and arm.
A, vulture and uraeus.
Types).
C,
Univ.
141.
Univ. Coll. P. 39, E. 47. The lack of detail

in most catalogues prevents the statement of these different
Varieties.
A, open work.
B, inlaid.
D, engraved on ring. E, in square form.
Period.
XII to Ptolemaic.
Memphis
UZAT EYE (Unusual
2, 3, similar,
green, yellow.
stomach
Collection.
139.
140g
Type D, 140h, green glaze and

140h 2, green gone brown
black, rosette on back, 20 eyes
uzat
on back, 28 eyes. Another
faded
and
black,
140j, green
in Price Collection had 21 eyes.
Materials.
Green and blue glaze 13, Yellow glaze 1.
flat plate,
hills.
arm grasping an
onkh,
Bamesseum, XlXth dynasty
(?).
Type C, 141c, green-blue glaze, flat back, with 19 cats, and

secondary uzat above the pupil; 141 d, blue and black
glaze, with 13 cats
Type D,
141e, blue and black glaze, with 9 cats.
141f, green glaze faded, with bull; 141g, green

on platform, lotus in front, 7 uraei above. Type
glaze, bull
E, 141 h, green glaze, two baboons adoring the uzat eye,

with nub below, plain back (compare MacG. 74). Type F,
on three
141j, light blue glaze, couchant lion above, resting
2:5;
33

uzat eyes, behind which are 12 uraei; 141k, apple-green
behind which are
glaze, couchant lion, resting on 9 uraei,
three uzat eyes. Type G, 1411, jade, partly decomposed,

the uzat engraved on both sides, resting upon the triple
hill sign, representing Horus in the horizon.
Type H,
141m
(pi. xliv),
Ea on
back, green glaze.
Type
J,
141n,
o,
green glaze, with Sekhmet.

Collection.
Univ. Coll. P. 12.
p, 9,
as also a smaller one in limestone 8 inches wide, perhaps
XXXth
dynasty.
Protection from noxious animals.
Meaning.
XXV (?)
Period.
to
Roman.
144a, white marble, ten lines of inscription on

"
Beloved of
144b, black steatite, reverse six lines,
Hiil to thee god son of a
Set, Anhur and Tahuti (?).
hail to thee bull
hail to thee heir son of an heir
god
Figures.
back
1'
142.
son of a bull, born of the great cow, see Metternich stele,

11.
101 5; 144b 2, blue glaze, small, very rough; 144c,
"
Become Horus, Osiris,
black steatite, reverse four lines,
UZAT EYE, INSCRIBED.
Meaning and Varieties. The uzat is associated with a

group of seven goddesses, whose nameB are found singly on
the square eyes, or altogether on one eye.
XXIInd dynasty.
Period.
Figures.
Amru and
below
Ptah,"
etc.
as net, Isis standing behind,

144e (see pi. xliii), black steatite, reverse (see
144f, light green glaze,
pi. xli), described under No. 241
Isis and Nebhat standing at the sides, winged Isis on the
Gurob
142a, green-glazed square with uzat in relief,

impressed the name of the goddess Uazet ; 142b,
on back is
same with Bastet; 142c, with Aset; 142d, with Nebhat
142e, with Sekhmet; 142f, with Selket; 142g, with Neit, all
from Zuweleyn; 142h, blue paste, with names of Uazet,
Bastet, Aset, Nebhat, Sekhmet, Selket, and Neit; 1 42 j, light
back (similar at
Collections.
blue glaze, gone white, uzat in relief with name of Aset

142k, green glaze, reverse of 141n, name of Uazet.
St. Petersburg).
Price 4, St. Petersburg 5, Alnwick
Name.
VI
to
glass 3,
Gold
Slate 1,
1, Brown and green limestone

Brown limestone 1, Beryl 1, Silver
glass 1,
Green glass
2,
2, Calcite
1,
Crystal
gilt 1,
1,
145s,
The
145g
2,
bronze
XXII
145o, bronze
145p, p 2, q, r, r 2, bronze
on lion throne, blue glaze, Memphis
145t, blue
;
Type B, 145u,
glaze.
v,
145v
blue glaze with yellow points,

2, coarse blue glaze.
Type C,
group 22,
145w, x, blue glaze with yellow points, group 22, Roman.
Similar figures of B and C types, of large size, in rough terra
cotta, are very common as household amulets of Roman
145z,
age
145y (xlvii), dark blue glaze, holding club
baboon
and
vase
(xxvii).
green glaze, phallic, holding
Blue glaze 13, Bronze 9, Green glaze 7,
Materials.
Silver 4, Carnelian 4, Quartz crystal 1, Black steatite 2,
Glazed quartz 2, Lazuli 2, Grey glaze 1, bone 1.
Univ. Coll. P. 20, E. 5, St. Petersburg 10,
Collections.
HORUS THE HUNTER.

of evil beasts.
dynasty.
143.
Figure.
Material. Bronze.
144.
group 16
145f, g, silver,
Roman
XXXth
Collection.
(?)
Illahun,
Har.
Period.
(see
1.
The overcoming
dynasty
Black
10.
Meaning.
Vlth
145k, silver on
145h, black steatite; 145j, silver, group 17
5 (pi. xlv),
145m
1451
(pi. xlv), quartz crystal ;
ring
carnelian 145n,blue glaze, Roman; 145nn (xlvi), blue glaze,
Univ. Coll. P. 100, E. 84, Price 124, St.

Turin
84, Alnwick 75, Cairo 71, Athens 16,
Petersburg 85,
Name.
8,
145b, blue-glazed quartz crystal,

XHth dynasty; 145c, d, bronze; 145d2, black steatite;
145e, black steatite, Horus seated on the ground, Xllth
Collections.
143.
group
Grey agate
Edinburgh
bone,
145a,
Figures.
C, standing.
Roman.
dynasty
Red
B, on goose.
A, seated.
Varieties.
Period.
Carnelian 84, Lazuli 25, Bed jasper 23, Haematite 22,

Obsidian 18, Porphyry 8, Serpentine 7, Prase 7, Limestone
6, Steatite 6, Syenite 6, Diorite 4, Granite 4, Green felspar 4,
Silver 3,
6,
Har-pe-kroti.
Horus as an infant.
Deshasheh, xxvi, 32)
8,
Turin
Meaning.
together ; the materials in University College collection are

Green glaze 178, Blue glaze 116,
stated above in detail.
Basalt
1,
In general, the various types of uzat not

being sufficiently distinguished in catalogues, the materials
in other collections of Nos. 138 to 142 are here stated
4,
E.
8,
3.
HORUS THE CHILD.
145.
(?)
Materials.
Blue glass
144d, cast lead, for reverse, see
hawk on standard
it,
Univ. Coll. P.
Turin
HORUS ON THE CROCODILES.
4,
Murch
great example of this usual household amulet is the

stele, published by Golenischeff, 1877.
Perhaps
6.
14C.
HORUS ON LOTUS.
Metternich
the earliest are two in limestone, which by the work
be of the
XXVth
14 inches wide,
lines of inscription
This
may
on the back, in University College,
is
not
known
before Greek times, and so
may
easily
be an Indian idea imported but Horus in the marshes of

Buto is so ancient an idea that the type might well arise in
dynasty, one in Cairo, 9,403, and one

15 high to broken top, with fifteen
Egypt.
P.,
84

146, gold, with traces of blue glass inlay in the
Figure.
north of Abydos.
Blue glaze with yellow points
Materials.
1,
Gold
From
15.
group
lotus,
group 20; 180c, (d, not in plate), e, green and black

Dendereh, group 21 180f, blue and black glaze,
Dendereh, 21, with two feathers on head, as 149g. Type B,
150h,
150g, blue and black glaze, standing, Dendereh, 21
green and black glaze, Dendereh, 21.
glaze,
Green glaze
2,
1.
Turin
Collections.
3,
Univ. Coll. P.
1.
Blue or green glaze 5, gilt wax

Shoulders and chest (4).
Materials.
HEAD OF HORUS.
147.
Position.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Eoman.
Period.
147a, b, blue-green glaze.

Univ. Coll. P. 2.
Figures.
151.
Collections.
AND HORUS.
ISIS
148.
"
"
The heir and Isis

Meaning. The protection of
Name-.
MacG.
(see
of
Name.
Greek
PHARIA.
ISIS
Pharia, of the Pharos at Alexandria, entirely
Isis
Protection of sailors
the goddess
is reclining
and holding a steering oar.

Period.
Ptolemaic and Roman.
in a barge
Isis.
and Period. A, seated on ground, Vlth dynasty.

on
throne.
XXVI to Roman.
seated
B,
Varieties
glazed, with geoB, 148c, d, e, f, g,
Figures.
Type A, 148a, b, steatite,
metrical patterns below, Vlth dynasty.
148h, j, silver, group 16; 148k,

g 2, g 8, g 4, blue glaze
bronze 1481, blue and black glaze 148m (pi. xlvi), bronze
148m 2, bronze 148m 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, green glaze.
Materials.
Green glaze 19, Blue glaze 14, Bronze 5,
151a, green glaze faded brown

151b, violetFigures.
blue glass; 151c (xlvi), pale blue glass, on back, Uel
181d,
coin of Gallienus, showing the type clearly.
;
Green glaze
Material.
Violet
1,
glass
1,
Pale
blue
1.
glass
8.
origin.
Meaning.
60).
3.
Univ.
Collection.
Coll. P. 3.
Silver 2, Steatite 2, Lazuli 1,
glaze
Blue glass
1,
2,
Petersburg 18, Univ.
St.
Athens
2,
Murch
XVIII
to
6,
152a, b, green glaze, no inscription, loop on

back; 152b, 2, 3, 4, green glaze; 152c, bronze, the righthand figure has the hair dressed in two horns as Isis,
ISIS.
between the busts
B, outline on plaque (Hawara
Materials.
Yellow glaze
C, bust.
1).
Figures.
Type A, 149a, bronze, fringed garment; 149b,
dark blue glass, orange glass crown
149c, d, dark blue
;
glass; feet of d, green glass, another figure; 149e, bright

blue glaze, Ramesseum, XXth dynasty (?); 149f, gold, group
E.
Throat (1)
on chest
in
153.
of
gods (13)
Period,
Turin 22, St. Petersburg 17, Univ.

2, Athens 1.
Coll. P.
XXVIth
Meaning.
Varieties.
A, kneeling with
as a pair to
pentad found at Hawara {Labyrinth, xxxi) 153a

glaze Isis, Bast and Hathor (Edw.).
Univ. Coll. P. 1, E. 1, Manchester.
Collections.
;
raised.
B, standing
Nephthys.
Meaning.
Protection, as
Varieties.
A, statuette.
Nebhat protected Horus.

B, outline on plaque (Hawara,
XXVI.
b,
2,
gilt
green
NEBHAT.
Ptolemaic.
Type A, 180a,
2,
154a, green glaze; 154b, brown glaze (burnt) ;

Figures.
154c, olive glaze; 154d, e, blue glaze; 154f, olive glaze;
154g, g 2, green glaze faded, Hawara ; 154g, 8, 4, green
inscribed on back,
glaze 154h (pi. xliii), light green glaze,
" Nebhat
.
." ; 154j (pi. xlv), light green
life
to
Nes
give
Isis.
hand
dynasties.
4, pi. xlix).
MOURNING.
ISIS
Protection by
Figures.
to
153a, green glaze, Isis, Hathor, Mut, Nebhat,

Figures.
Sekhmet ; these can be better identified on a blue-glazed
Period.
150.
Period,
XXVth
Murch
Both
4,
GROUPS OF GODDESSES.
154.
row
(1).
Collections.
Blue glaze 13, Grey glaze
8.
1.
glaze
Position.
winged.
49,
18, E. 4,
Green glaze
Bronze 1.
1,
stomach
a minute bust of Horus crowned.
is
Position.
On breast (2) along with large zad, or line of
on thighs.
zad amulets, on chest or stomach (4)
Collections.
Alnwick 21, St. Petersburg 8, Price 4, Univ.
Coll. P. 8,
Mut, not Neit by the uraeus, see 164 Mut 149g,

silver, group 15
149h, pewter plate, group 18 149j, glaze
faded white, Hawara, group 32
149k, gold, Memphis,
1491, blue glaze with yellow points, Roman,
group 27
group 22 149m, green-black glaze, possibly Neit 149m 2,
3, 4, 5, green glaze.
Type C, 149n (pi. xlvi), bronze.
Materials.
Lazuli 7, Blue glass 4, Gold 3, Silver 1, Bronze 2, Pewter 1,
15, Isis or
Brown
protectresses.
XXVI
Period,
Figures.
Roman.
A, statuette.
Varieties.
E.
2.
149.
Period,
Coll. P. 15,
NEBHAT, AND HORUS.
ISIS,
The goddesses as
to Roman.
Meaning.
Collections.
5,
152.
Grey
1.
Turin
4, pi.
Agate
wax, Derdereh,
glaze.
85
f 2

Green glaze
Materials.
Grey glaze
2,
Brown
Lazuli, 4, Yellow glaze 2,
glaze
1,
Blue glaze
Blue glass 1.
7,
Chest (11); stomach 1.

Turin 18, St. Petersburg 10, Univ.
Collections.
P. 8, E. 2, Murch 2, Athens 1.
"
Speech of the Osirian (an official) of Amen, Pa Shedet,

and continuing with a random portion of the usual chapter
The person may be that named on
of the heart, xxx B.
6,
Position.
a Cairo stele, quoted in Lieblein, Diet, 657.

Type A, 158b,
black steatite, with female head, XlXth dynasty; 158c,
alabaster; 158d, black steatite; hennn bird on front; on
"
back Asar neb zad, " Osiris lord of Mendes
158e, brown
white
traces
of
shrine
on
front
158f,
steatite,
quartz; 158g,
Coll.
NEBHAT MOURNING.
155.
Meaning.
Period.
Protection, as Nebhat protected Osiris.

Ptolemaic.
185a, gilt wax, Dendereh, group

Figures.
blue glaze, Dendereh, group 21.
With No. 150, Isis mourning.
Position.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
20; 155b,
blue and black glaze, XlXth dynasty; 158h, bronze, disc

on head, Memphis. Type B, 158j, black steatite, blue paste
inlay, scarab on front.
Type C, 158k, bronze, on front,
shrine, disc, scarab with wings, two gods at sides ; 1581,
bronze, two uraei head dress shrine with a hawk on each
;
corner and disc above
2.
it,
winged six figures of gods at

winged scarab, on back lotus; 158n, green glaze, shrine;
158o, bronze, on front heart amulet, shrine with two seated
figures, scarab, at sides four figures with raised hands
;
AND HORUS.
OSIRIS, ISIS,
156.
Horus always
Meaning. Protection by the Triad.

front, and Isis behind.
Ptolemaic and Roman.
Period.
in
adoring, two seated figures below; 158p, bronze, shrine, disc

and uraei, scarab, at sides two figures with raised hands
;
156a, a 2, gilt wax, Dendereh, group 20; 156b,

Figures.
blue and black glaze, Dendereh, group 21 ; 156c, dark blue
and black glaze, group 26; 156d, black steatite, the heart
of Osiris, between Isis wearing the two feathers, and Horus
crowned, with the club in his hand the back divided into
8 by 6 squares traces of Greek cursive writing scratched
on the ground between the figures.
Blue glaze 2, Steatite 1, Gilt wax 1.
Materials.
;
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
158q, mottled black and white steatite, shrine, winged scarab

with disc ; on back a hawk displayed with two feather fans
;
158r, brown pottery, scarab (?) on front, Roman; 158s,

brown pottery, winged scarab and disc, shrine below.
Materials. Bronze 7, Steatite 5, Pottery 2, Alabaster 1,
White quartz 1, Chalcedony 1, Agate 1, Blue glaze 1, Green
glaze 3, Chlorite 1, Limestone 1.
Collections.
Univ. Coll. P. 18, Cairo 4, Athens 2,
Beck,
4.
i.
159.
157.
A.
Varieties.
Standing
D. Osiris and
Osiris-Min.
XXVI
Period.
Memphis
157d,
gilt
C.
mummy.
4, b,
bronze, b from
157e, e 2, blue glass
157f, green glaze, Dendereh, group 21
157g, h
(pi.
xlv),
wax.
Bronze
20,
Blue glaze
5,
Green glaze
1,
8.
Stomach
Position.
Collections.
Athens
4, St.
(1)
Illumination by speech of Osiris," or of

Kheper, Atum, or Ra. This appears to show that the bust
was an oracle of the god, and being called the "illumination"
or " clearing,"
it
may
be connected with the Semitic oracular
adored by a woman making

as a bust between two
offerings (Mariette, Abydos, ii, 60)
Urim.
It
appears on a
stele,
Petersburg
8,
E.
The heart
5,
Turin 8 (B and C),
8.
HEART OF
of the
Figures.
XVIII
to
supplied to the deceased
of
it,
a head and chest only, would accord with
the idea of the power of speaking.

Period.
XVIII to XIX dynasties.
paint,
XVIIIth dynasty; 159e,
XVIII
159f, green glaze, faded,
violet glaze, Tell
XVIII
front.
159f
2,
Amarna,
blue glaze
159h, bronze,
159g, bronze, with arms on the breast
behind head, as if fitted against a surface, with bust
;
flat
full
thickness below;
159j, ivory with electrum loop, prehistoric ; may be an early form of the oracular bust.
Roman.
Type B, 158a, black-green chlorite, XVIIIth

shrine on front, Osiris and Ra seated at the
dynasty
around the figure
;
159a, wood, XVII; 159b, limestone, XVIII

Figures.
(reduced about a tenth); 159c, d, blue glaze with black
OSIRIS.
Meaning.
god
this branched into the idea of the heart scarab.
Varieties.
A, plain. B, with shrine and scarab on
C, with figures of gods.
Period.
jackals on a stele (Rosellini, Mon. Civ., exxxiv, 2); and as a

glazed pottery bust at Tell Amarna {Amarna, xvii, 277
8).
The form
feet (1).
Univ. Coll. P.
158.
sides
"
Materials.
Wax
medu Asar (repeated with other gods,

and
Kheper, Atum,
Ra) Lbpsius, Denk., iii, 224 i.
Meaning.
2, c, c 2, c 3,
wax, Dendereh
ORACULAR BUST.
Hez
Name.
B. Double figures.
Roman.
157a, a 2, 8,
Figures.
;
to
OSIRIS.
alone.
and uraei below, scarab

sides; 158m, bronze, shrine,
disc
six lines of inscription,

beginning,
86
Blue glaze 8, Green glaze 2, Bronze 2, Violet

glaze 1, Limestone 1, Ivory 1, Wood 1.
Collections.
Univ. Coll. P. 9, E. 1, Turin 1 (1281).
Materials.

HORUS AND
160.
Min
Name.
"
named
is
MIN.
Horus, son of
Isis of
Koptos
(Lanz., Die. Mit, xvii).

Period.
XXVI (?).
3, 4, 5, 6,
MIN.
161.
XXVI
to
hollow;
(?); 16c, d,
e, f,
167b,
carnelian,
light blue glaze;
both
167e
2,

Silver
1, Carnelian 1, Yellow glaze 1.
2,
bronze
c, c 2, d,
161b,
161h, green glaze, Dendereh,

161e,
g, green glaze
with
21
yellow points, group 28,
group
161j, green glaze,
Roman 161k, grey steatite, part of a tablet, Min and heads
Coll. P. 6,
stomach (1).
Cairo 83, Turin 22, St. Petersburg 14, Univ.
Chest (2)
Collections.
Memphis
f, f 2,
silver,
green glaze.
Position.
Eoman (?).
161a, bronze,
Figures.
167a,
Materials.
Bronze
Period.
XXX.
XII,
Xllth dynasty
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Period.
Figures.
160, bronze.
Figure.
SHU.
167.
"
E.
5,
Murch
1.
NEIT.
168.
of
"
Ra," two mat
Hathor; on back, winged disc and uraei,
eyes, etc.
Materials.
Green glaze 32, Bronze

Cbest
Position.
4,
Turin
Wood
1.
9,
E.
2,
St. Peters-
2.
1.
Chest
Collections.
XXVI.
Period.
162a, a 2, bronze 162b, light blue glaze

Figures.
blue plaque 162d, light green head.
1,
Green glaze
1,
5,
Blue glaze
2,
Bronze
4,
169.
Gold
Turin
5,
1.
3,
Univ. Coll.
1.
DIVINITIES.
Ptolemaic to Roman.
Period.
Silver 1, Granite 1.
Collections.
Murch
UNKNOWN
Materials.
(5).
Cairo 8 (2 B), St. Petersburg
P. 2, E. 1, Turin
162c,
XXX.
Seated figure (see MacG. 75) 168c, lazuli (xlvii).

Lazuli 7, Green glaze 8, Blue glaze 3,
Position.
AMEN.
to
Materials.
pewter
162.
B, suckling two crocodiles.
A, standing.
XXVI
A, 168a, pewter plate. B, 168b, light blue

Figures.
Neit
glaze,
suckling two crocodiles (see Lanz., Die. Mit.,
clxxv).
(1).
Collections.
burg
5, Steatite 1,
Varieties.
Period.
1 69a,
Figures.
bronze, female in Greek chiton with hands
advanced, on the back of the head the face of a bear

possibly Artemis Brauronia ; 169b, blue glaze with yellow
169c, blue glass, female
points, Roman, squatting female
;
AMEN, MUT AND KHONSU.
163.
XVIII.
Period.
holding breasts, Syrian influence (?) ; 169d (pi. xxxi), male

169e, squatfigure green glaze with yellow points, Roman
ting female, dark blue glaze (pi. xlvi); 169f, squatting
163, dark blue glaze.

Figure.
Materials.
Green glaze 1, Blue glaze 1.
Collections.
Turin 1, Univ. Coll. P. 1.
XXVIC?).
Bronze
164a, blue glaze;

164b, bronze; 164b 2,
164d
4, 5, blue glaze; 164c, silver, group 16
Figures.
pewter, b 3,
(pi. xlv),
female, blue glaze with yellow points (pi. xlvi).

Materials.
Blue glaze with yellow points 2, Green glaze
with yellow points 1, Dark blue glaze 1, Blue glass 1,
MUT.
164.
Period,
violet glaze, Rifeh,

(xlvii); 164f,
XlXth dynasty 164e, applehead on cylinder, blue glaze
Materials.
Green glaze
Pewter
Collections.
170.
4,
Silver
2,
Bronze
2,
1.
Univ.
Coll. P. 4,
E.
Turin
5,
8,
Cairo
165.
HATHOR.
Name. " The habitation of Horus," apparently the

mother of one of the forms of Horus, distinct from the Isis
tradition.
Especially venerated as the Mother Goddess.
Blue
Varieties.
2.
Period.
Period.
6.
(xlvii).
5,
Univ. Coll. P.
green glaze
glaze
1.
Collection.
A, standing.
B, seated.
XXXth
1st to
dynasty.
170a,
A,
gold, group 15; 170b, silver,
Type
Figures.
c
2
16
170c,
(pi. xliii), bone, group 5, Vlth dynasty
group
KHONSU.
XXVI.
165a, bronze; 165b, green glaze

Collection.
Univ. Coll. P. 2.
Figures.
166.
Hathor and zad, group
4, Vlth dynasty.
Type
170d, gold,
B (pi. xxvii), 170e, e2, f, f2, carnelian, e8, porphyry;
170g, g2, carnelian; h, h2, h 3, carnelian, porphyry,
XVIIIth dynasty rudely cut open work. Hawara. These
(pi. xxxi).
ANHUR.
Period.
XXVI
have long hair, and appear to be female

figures
a
crescent and disc on the head, probably Hathor
have
they
they appear to be engaged in forming the body of the
all
(?).
166, bronze.
Figure.
Materials.
Collections.
Bronze
Cairo
1,
1,
Green glaze
1.
Univ. Coll. P.
deceased person for future
1.
37
life,
in
the attitude
of
the

Khnumu
175.
creative figures, as Lanz., Diz. Mit., cccxxxvi, 8.

Perhaps, therefore, they are the seven Hathors who create a
person.
170j, bronze (xlvi).
Materials. Carnelian 4, Blue glass 4, Porphyry 2, Gold
2, Silver 1, Bone 2, Bronze 1, Limestone 1.
Collections.
1,
Murch
2.
HEAD OF HATHOR.
also later with a straight
and with curling ends to the wig. As an amulet, it

appears on the neck of the sacred Aht cow (Lanz, Diz.
blue
Type B,
light green glaze,
175f,
g3
laauli,
light green glaze. A, 178g 2,

very rude. (See also 131c.)
Materials.
Green glaze 1 B, Blue glaze 8,
Silver 4, Violet glaze 1, Yellow glaze 1, Lazuli 1.
Bronze
5,
Cairo 16 and 8 B, Univ. Coll. P. 6 and 1 B,

Turin 4, St. Petersburg 3 and 1 B.
Collections.
E.
5,
1).
Period.
I to
XXX.
Name and
171a, b, gold, XVIIIth dynasty; 171c, greyXXXth

green glaze,
dynasty (?); 171d, blue glaze, XVIIIth
Figures.
171e,
apple-green glaze, piece of large disc,

XXVIth dynasty; 171f, blue glaze; f2, blue paste,
XVIIIth dynasty ; 171g (pi. xlv), blue glaze, Illahun,
dynasty;
XXIInd dynasty.
Green glaze 8, Blue glaze 8, Yellow glaze 2,
Blue paste 1, Black glaze 1, Grey glaze 1, Blue
Materials.
2,
PTAH SEKER.
176.
Apparently also prehistoric (Naqada,
lxiv, 94).
Gold
pillar;
glaze; 178b, green glaze, on back pillar,

"
of
Nefertum, son of Sekhmet, giving life, lady
Speech
wig,
Mit.,
no back
violet glaze,
Type A, 178a,
Figures.
17Sa2,
Memphis.
Her ne pot, " human faced " (Lacau, 84).

The head of Hathor appears worn by King
Varieties.
his waist cloth
lion.
XXVI.
Period.
."; 173b 2, bronze, b 8, green glaze (xlvi); 17Sc,

bronze; 173d, light blue glaze; 17Se, silver, group 17,
Name.
Narmer upon
B, standing on a
A, standing alone.
Varieties.
of
171.
NEFERTUM.
glass 1 (Naqada), Lazuli

Collections.
Petersburg
plaque 1.
Turin 10, Univ. Coll. P.
Ptah, god of the dynastic race at

Mea7iing.
Memphis, united with Seker of Saqqareh, the primitive
"
"
"
like Mertseker,
lover of
god of the dead, or of silence
;
Theban
silence," the goddess of the
A, alone.
Varieties.
C, double.
Period.
XVIII
to Ptolemaic.
176a, b, black and white porphyry, XVIIIth

Figures.
dynasty 176c, blue glaze, XVIII 1 76d, green glaze, XVIII
176e, green glaze, side view, XIX
176f, blue glaze, with
;
7,
Murch
2,
St.
scarab on head, XXII

XXII 176h, h2, green
176g, blue glaze, crowned, Illahun,
MlOT.
XXVI;
glaze,
176k, green glaze;
176j,
burnt green
2,
glaze;
6,7,8,9,
burnt green glaze 176m, bronze, solid casting with raised
176n, blue glaze, eating serpents (xlvi); 176o,
figure;
(xlvii), green glaze
176p (xlvi), green glaze, Bast with
XXIII.
behind,
Illahun,
wings
spread
1761,
2,
1,
3,
4,
5,
Impersonation of Truth, not worshipped as a
Meaning.
1.
172.
necropolis.
B, backed by gods on a plaque.
divinity.
Varieties.
A, seated.
172, Lazuli.
Figure.
Materials.
Lazuli 10, Green glaze

Throat (1) chest (6).
Position.
Materials.
1,
Red
glass
A,
glaze 2, Porphyry
1.
Bronze
1,
Cairo
St.
6,
Petersburg
2,
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
1,
P. 12, E. 12,
1.
burg 2
2,
Quartz crystal
Turin 10, Murch
XXVI
Period.
XXVI.
177a,
Figures.
apple green glaze; 173b, dull green

blundered
glaze,
inscriptions on the back of each.
Collections.
Cairo 5 (glazed), Univ. Coll. P. 2.
173a,
bright
green
XXVI
Material.
Position.
Collections.
to
to
SELKET.
bronze;
glaze,
Green glaze
Bronze 2.
1,
Coll. P. 3,
E.
B, Turin
5, St.
Coll.
E.
Peters-
C,
St.
Meaning.
(8).
2,
Univ. Coll. E.
PTAH.
177b, b2, green glaze; 177c,
Illahun
177d, schist,
Period.
2.
88
15,
Blue glaze
5,
White glaze
1,
Cairo 14, Turin, 4, St. Petersburg 4, Univ.

2.
178.
1.
Cairo 11, St. Petersburg
4.
Memphis;
XXX.
Lazuli 14, Schist

Throat (1) chest
1,
XXX.
Materials.
Collections.
Period.
1,
(xlvii).
Gold
174.
Syenite
backed by Bast, Illahun, Univ.
177.
Hatmehyt the goddess of Mendes, wearing the

sacred fish of Mendes. (See No. 288.)
Figures.
1,
15, Yellow
Carnelian
1.
Name.
Period.
Blue glaze
55,
Petersburg; triple, Cairo.
HATMEHYT.
178.
Green glaze
B, Green glaze 8. C, Blue glaze 2.

A, Cairo 21, St. Petersburg 12, Univ. Coll.
Ivory
Collections.
Athens
B, winged.
DWARF.
Compare the gobbo

Roman.
in Italy.

Figures.
Collection.
lead, horseman with nimbus, and spear in hand

a
striking
kneeling figure below, crescent above reverse,
traces of six lines of inscription ; 179e, lead, figure holding
long cross, another with arms raised reverse Eis theos ho
178a, lazuli, fine work; 179b, yellow glass.

Univ. Coll. P. 2.
SAINTS.
179.
xlv),
(pi.
Protection by saints.
Meaning.
"In God is help"; 179f (pi. xlvi), amber-yellow

Jonah asleep under the gourd, ship in the back-
boethon,
Third century A.D. to Coptic.

179a, bronze 179b, bronze; 179c, lead, figure
Figures.
with nimbus in middle, on each side a figure adoring 179d
Period.
glass,
ground this class

250 A.D. by heads
of yellow glass
CHAPTER
and
pendant
is
dated to about
Univ. Coll. P.
6.
Green glaze 54, Blue glaze 9, Yellow glaze

Red glaze 1, Lazuli 5, Blue glass 2, Bronze
6,
of Philip
Otacilia.
VIII
AMULETS OF ANIMAL-HEADED GODS

Thbophoeic Amulets, 180
The
may
primitive animal worships of the Egyptian nomes

have had a totemistic basis though that is
well
There
no doubt that they largely modified

anthropomorphic gods which probably came
questioned.
the ideal of
in with the
is
Libyan race
The two
civilisation.
at the
beginning
of the prehistoric
ideals
were reconciled,
different
the different races, by fusion.

The human figures
the
animal
heads
and
in
no
acquired
point is the artistic
skill of the Egyptian shown better than in the facile
like
208.
Materials.
Grey glaze
4,
Pewter
Green
Collections.
E.
Coll. P. 18,
2.
union of such incongruous subjects as the
ibis or
own
beliefs,
gods were as
much
181.
snake
Each stock of the mixed race clung to its

and down to Roman times the animal-headed
with the man.
2,
felspar or prase 10.
1, Ebony
Type C,
Type D, blue glaze with yellow points 7 (4 at St. Petersburg).
Position. In main row of gods on chest (10); stomach (1).
1.
Varieties.
A,
headed with
Peiiod.
RA.
seated
standing, or B,
always hawk-
disc.
XXVI
to
XXX.
181a, bronze 181a 2, green glaze, small, a 8,

Figures.
alabaster, small 181b, bronze, having a crescent below the
venerated as any others.
HORUS.
180.
it appears to be Ra-Khonsu
with the crescent the god
named as Khonsu, never as Ra but this is Ra-Khonsu,
as Khonsu strictly is human-headed with the youthful lock
disc
separate between the figures of the gods

Horus and Ra, who were so intimately blended. The only
is
where no inscription exists, is to class

plain hawk-headed figures as Horus, and those with the
disc of the sun upon the head as Ra.
of hair; 181c, c 2, olive-green glaze
It is difficult to
practical course,
Varieties.
A,
striking
with
spear,
Ilor-merti
(see
B, hawk-headed, wearing double

inscrip. Cairo, 38618).
crown. C, seated, no head-dress.
D, lion-headed, Horakhti (Lanz., Diz. Mit,, 625).
XVIII
Period,
Figures.
180c,
to
bronze;
181d
shell,
180d,
180a,
e,
green
glaze,
f,
Position,
xlv);
XXIInd dynasty;
181f,
7,
blue glaze;
(pi.
xlv),
apple-gresn glaze
Green glaze 28, Blue glaze 12, Yellow glaze 2,

1, Bronze 2, White glass 1.
In the row of gods on the chest (6) throat (1).
Lazuli
Turin 16, Cairo 14, Univ.

Petersburg 7, Athens 1, Murch 1.
Collections.
Hawara
St.
blue
180d,
5,
2, 8, light
glaze; 180g, pewter
group 18; 180h, green glaze; 180j, blue glaze,
Dendereh, group 21
180k, green glaze, classed as Hor(pi.
Illahun,
Grey glaze
and
green glaze faded, Hawara; 181e
(pi. xlv),
Materials.
B, 180b, ebony
181c 3
E, on crocodiles.
bronze.
plaque, holding the uas sceptre, and called Hor-mer-tef

181g, white glass 181h, blue glaze,
(Lanz., Diz. Mit., xvii)
Ra in his boat adored by the baboons, XVIIIth dynasty.
Roman.
Type A,
plate,
FOUR SONS OF
182.
Coll. P. 7,
E.
9,
RA.
behudti in Cairo catalogue

glaze,
(see
1801, blue glass
mummiform, perhaps Kebhsenuf, son

182);
group 28
and 180o
180n,
lazuli,
Names.
180m, blue
of Horus
Kebhsenuf (pi. xlv),

probably Kebhsenuf (182);
Meanings.
perhaps
180o, o 2, blue glaze,
Amset,
mutef, jackal head
human head
;
Kebhsenuf,
Hapy, baboon head
hawk
Duat
head.
"
"
or Mestha, probably the
or
statue
perhaps Hapy the bull god of Memphis, who
Amset
image. Hapy,
presided over the great cemetery of Memphis. Duat mutef,
"
"
the underworld is his mother."
Kebhsenuf, Coolness is
but no fellow figures are known of the

other genii.
Type D, 180p (pi. xxiii), blue glaze, yellow
Roman
Horus of the eastern and of the western
points,
horizons hand in hand.
Type E, 180q, green glaze.
3, steatite,
his brother."
Each son
protected one part of the body

intestines, Hapy the small
Amset the stomach and large

39
AMULETS OF ANIMAL -HEADED GODS

intestines,
liver
and
Duat
gall.
inutef the lungs and heart, Kebhsenuf the

The four are often shown standing together
of
dynasty, but
all
to
Koman.
(On
human-headed.)
metals,
material,
wax, pottery, vegetable paste, bead-work,
XXIII
Bone
from Xllth
winged scarab; 182f, green glaze, with applied

blue; 182g, wax; 182h, white and red glass; 182j, red
glass; 182k, blue glaze; 1821, dark blue glaze, with black
heads, also with scarab and girdle tie; 182 12, Duat mutef,
paint, with
(pi.
XVIII
Period.
plaque, Dendereh, group 21 and see 93f, g (pi. xi.)

Materials.
Blue glaze 40, Green glaze 11, Wax
Pewter
4,
Gold
6,
2,
Green glass
White glass
dark blue glaze, XVIII; 186b, light

Figures.
green glaze, XXVI; 186c, d (pi. xlv), green glass, burnt.
Materials.
Green glaze 2, Blue glaze 2, Green glass 2.
Throat
Position.
(2),
Collections.
section),
Univ.
Turin 27,
Coll.
St.
49
Petersburg
183.
7,
(others
Murch
in
2,
chest (1).
Univ. Coll. P.
The
Meaning.
(See also 210.)
4.
KHNUMU.
187.
Clay
Creator,
in
popular
late
times
as
4, pi.
funerary
B, outline on plaque (Hawara
A, statuette.
8,
1).
XXVI.
Period.
1.
P.
(1)
Cairo
Collections.
Varieties.
9,
glass 5, Blue glass 4, Pottery
Wood
1,
XXVI.
to
Khnouphis.
Usually in two pairs facing, on the chest (9) or

below the winged scarab.
Position.
stomach
Eed
6,
St.
186a,
blue glaze on one
xxxiii),
2,
HATHOR COW-HEADED.
186.
blue glazed schist; 182m, blue glaze; 182n, black wax;

182o, black clay, with blue paint on heads; 182p, green
glaze ; 182q, blue glaze, with black paint, Dendereh,
182r
2,
1,
etc.
tops of jars
182a, gold; 182b, pewter, group 18; 182c, gilt

wax; 182d, red pottery; 182e, e 2, blue glaze with red
Carnelian
4,
Yellow glass 1.
Murch 25, Univ. Coll. P. 18, E.
Lazuli
5,
1.
Petersburg
Figures.
Ptolemaic, group 21
Amethyst
felspar 23,
Green glaze
4,
Collections.
on a lotus flower before Osiris.

Executed in all kinds
Varieties.
Period.
Green
Materials.
Figures.
Type A, 187a, bronze; 187b, dark green glaze
187c, coarse green glaze
187d, red glaze (? burnt green);
;
Hawara, group 32, f 3, g, all green glaze.

Materials.
Green glaze 46, Blue glaze 8, Yellow glaze
f, f
187e,
4.
2,
Grey glaze 3, Bed-grey glaze 7, Bed glaze 1, Carnelian

Bronze 1, Blue paste 1.
Position.
In row of gods on chest (4) stomach (1).
SET.
3,
1,
Period.
XXVI
Extremely rare as an amulet, as well
(?).
as in larger figures.
Cairo 30, Turin 20,
Collections.
E.
Coll. P. 8,
1,
Murch
183, bronze, wearing double crown, the upright

Figure.
ears shown on either side.
Bronze
Materials.
Collections.
Cairo
1,
1,
Univ. Coll. P.
1,
Bed wood
1,
Turin
188.
XXVI.
brown limestone,
Name.
1.
184a,
fine
work, XVIIIth
dynasty; 184b, green glaze, of Graeco-Assyrian style also

184a 2, lazuli, of Bamessu II; 184a 3, blue paste, of
;
Sety
1.
BES or BESA.
Besa, the native
II.
Green felspar 4, Amethyst 2, Lazuli

Carnelian 1, Limestone 1, Green glaze 1, Blue paste 1.
Collections.
Murch 8, Univ. Coll. P. 4, Athens 1.
Mateiials.
of Cynaelurus guttatus.
Meaning.
Varieties.
Dealt with under 189, 190.
XVIII
to
of children, of
dance and games.
Boman.
XVIII; 188c, red paste,

Amarna, XVIII. PI. xxxiii, 188d, schist, dark green
188e 2, blue
188e, dark blue glaze, XVIII
glaze, XVIII
Figures.
PI. xxxiv, 188a, b, gold,
Tell
glaze; 188f, steatite, XIX(?); 188g, silver, XIX (?), head-dress

very high 188h, white schist 188h 2, blue glaze, larger
;
2,
name
The god
Period.
VI, XVIII,
Figures.
Petersburg 11, Univ.
1.
SPHINX, MALE.
184.
Period.
Blue glaze
St.
188j,j2, green glaze; 188k, dark blue glaze with yellow

points,
Boman
1881, light blue, similar
188m, green,
;
185.
Varieties.
Period.
SPHINX, FEMALE.
blue glaze,
A, bird body. B, cat body.

VI to Ptolemaic.
A, 185a
glaze
d,
188u, light green glaze;
1 88 v,
grey
yellow
;
188y,
3,
w 2, green gone brown, blue and

Roman 188x, dark violet glass, seated
188aa, ab, blue glass impressed ; 188ac, violet glaze, XVIII.

Materials.
Green glaze 52, Blue glaze 46, Blue or green
with yellow points 7, Red glaze 2, Grey glaze 4, Blue glass
185m
Memphis
188w,
light green, seated; 188z, green gone grey, with yellow

points, Roman, Bes under archway with two columns
Memphis, XXIIIth dynasty by the form of hair 185k, k2,

1, green glaze, black hair, XXVI
185m, green and black
glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic
applied,
possibly intended for a
bone,
human-headed vulture of the goddess Mut, group 18. Type
B, 188e, f, f 2, green felspar, apparently a cat body, group
30; 188g, h, carnelian, group 14 185j, green glaze faded,
Figures.
n,
o, p, blue, with yellow points, Roman

188r,
188q, bronze
dark
bright blue, XX(?); 188s,
green, thin, XVIII; 188t, light
2, yellow glass, small.
Green
glass
1,
Gold
4, Silver
Steatite 2, Schist 1, Violet glaze
40
1,
1.
Bronze
4,
Carnelian
2,

Cairo 59, Univ. Coll. P. 27, E. 9, Turin
18,
Collections.
Alnwick
18,
Murch
189.
8.
Petersburg
UNUSUAL FORMS.
BES,
Collections.
St.
191.
Varieties.
A, profile holding sa, for protection. B,
dancing in profile with tambourine. C, front face between
two in profile dancing. D, with lyre. E, armed. F, with
6,
Murch 2
Turin 4
1.
TAHUTI OF PANEBES.
"
Name.
Tahuti of Panebes in Nubia" (Lanz., Biz. Mit,

cccciv), probably known as the deity of the malachite
mines there (B. D. G. 835).
cylinder on head.
Period.
XXVII (?).
uraei.
Figure.
191, light blue glaze, good sharp work.

Univ. Coll. P. 1.
G-, winged, holding uzats.

H, with two
masculine
and feminine. K, feminine, Beset. L,
J,
quadruple. M, as sphinx. N, between two Taurts.
XVIII
Period.
to
Collection.
Roman.
Figures.
Type A, 189a, blue glaze, holding sa before
him, the other hand holding the tail of the skin, XVIII.
192.
Name.
Type B, 189b, blue glaze. Type C, 189c, violet glaze,

XVIII. Type D (see Cairo). Type E, 189d, faded blue
glaze, yellow points,
common
Roman
in household
189e, blue glaze,
Roman
(type
Type F (see
Type H, 189g,
pottery amulets).
Turin).
Type G, 189f, violet glaze, XVIII.
blue glaze, Roman.
Type J, 189h, blue glaze, yellow
Roman.
points,
Type
(only in household pottery
amulets).
Type L, 189j, light blue glaze, a double figure
with four heads. Type M, 189k, glaze faded white, figure
Mda-hes,
XXVI
Period.
2, 3, 4, c, light
3,
Turin
2,
Athens
198.
These
3.
Position.
Necklaces, especially of children.

Collections.
A, Univ. Coll. P. 1. B, Univ. Coll. P. 1, St.
1.
C, Univ. Coll. P. 1.
D, Cairo 8. E, Univ.
Petersburg
6, St.
190.
A, alone.
Varieties.
Petersburg
1.
8,
Bronze
8,
Blue
6,
Univ.
Coll. P. 5,
2.
ANHUR AND TEFNUT.

on a group
in the Louvre,
193a, b, blue glaze.
Univ.
Collection.
194.
Coll. P. 2.
SEKHMET OR BASTET.
Many figures cannot be separated between these two honor cat-headed goddesses, so they are here classed together.
Period. XVIII to XXX.
BES HEAD.
B, on plaque.
Blue glaze
23,
deities are associated
Figures.
1.
N, Turin
Coll. P. 1.
;
192e(pl.
holding two lions (?).
(Lanz., Diz. Mit, 77).

Period. XVIII.
F, Turin 1. G, Univ. Coll. P. 1. H,

P.
1.
Univ. Coll.
J, Turin 1, Cairo 1, Univ. Coll. P. 1.
K,
Turin 4. L, Cairo 1, Univ. Coll. P. 1, Turin 1. M, Univ.
Cairo
Coll. P. 2,
(?)
Collections.
E.
Mahes
2.
top,
yellow points 2, Yellow glaze
green glaze; 192d, violet glass
Green glaze
Materials.
and central figure missing, XXVI.

Materials.
Green glaze 14, Blue glaze 15, Blue with
on
the striking lion."
to Ptolemaic.
xxxix), fight blue glaze,
glass
MAHES.
192a, bronze, with dtef crown on head; 192b,
Figures.
"
C, on uzat.
D, on
194a, blue glaze, faded, the dress suggests a

is exactly like those of the goddesses
Figures.
male god, but the head
disc.
XXIII (?)
Period.
to
Roman.
(see Cairo 38,587); 194b, bronze, holding sistrum, basket,
Figures.
Type A, 190a, light green, probably part of a
figure; 190b, light green glaze; 190b 2, violet glaze, large ;
aegis, certainly Bastet ; 194c, blue paste, on back

"Speech of Bast . . ."; 194d, green glaze; 194e, silver,
XXIII; 190e, yellow and brown
group 16 (see pl.xxxvi) 194f,g,blue glaze, XIX (?), Sekhmet,

by disc on head 194h, blue glaze, Ulahun, XXII 194h 2,
190c, d, d2, blue glaze,
glaze; 190f, green glaze, part of a figure; 190g, blue glaze,

faded ; 190h, violet glass, Roman ; 190j, clear white glass,
Roman
190k, green glaze

190k, 2, 3, green glaze, small,
Naukratis ; 1901, blue glaze, Memphis 190m, blue glaze,
;
Roman.
Type B, 190n, plaque
of schist,
both sides shown.
190p, green
Type C, 190o, blue glaze, lotus on back
glaze.
Type D, 190q, glaze burnt black, reverse shown
below; 190q 2, blue glaze; 190q 3, green glaze, pierced;
;
uzat eye; 190s, pottery

mould, Memphis.
A, 190t (pi. xlvi) green glaze; 190u,
blue paste with four-winged Bes straddling on the base.
190r, light green glaze, reverse
Materials.
Limestone
1,
Green glaze
Blue glaze
9, Yellow glaze
11,
Violet glass 1, Clear glass 1, Blue paste
3,
1,
Violet glaze 1.
A.
and
green glaze
194j, k,
1,
light green glaze
19411 (pi. xlvi);
blue glaze; 194m, light blue glaze 194n,

Sekhmet, probably part of a menat ; reverse,
194o, alabaster,
Nehebka and other figures, see below
blue
dark
and
Saft
glaze, female
194p,
legs,
tapering body
see below
on
name
twice
to
back,
Bastet,
kneeling, offering
11
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
schist, figure of
194q, blue glaze,
On
pi. xlv, 194r, blue faded,

194s, bronze, with double crown;
Ramesseum.
Sekhmet, Memphis;
XXII, Ulahun. On xlvi, 194u, green glazed,
seated
194v, head on a pillar, blue glaze (xlvii).
Materials.
Silver 1, Bronze 2, Electrum 1, Schist 1, Blue paste 1,
194t, wood,
;
Gypsum
41
1.
Alabaster 2,
Wood
1,
AMULETS OF ANIMAL- HE ADED GODS

Collections.
St.
Petersburg 17, Murch
This
form
in
is
show the
surmounted by a lion's head it has a menat attached to it

behind (see the socket of 193a), and it is
carried by the menat in the left hand of Bastet.
The name
and meaning of it are unknown.
;
XXII
to
198,
Figure.
kneeling figure with a
hawk's body behind, and with two jackal heads, the god
being double, of the north and of the south.
view
of
collar;
Koman; 195e
1.
XXVI.
head, with Nehebka, uraeus and uzat
196d,
green
(pi. xlv), silver gilt;
blue glaze, head of
Mut
(?),
with
glaze
JACKAL-HEADED ARCHER.
199.
yellow
XXII 195h,
Mut (?)
Illahun,
Isis (?);
195k,
195m,
Cairo
This appears to be a male figure as the shrew mouse

to Horus, it may be a form of that god.
200, bronze. (See Cairo Catalogue, 88,859.)
Figures.
;
was sacred
Cairo
Collections.
196a, bronze, inscribed
201.
Duaha, born
hippopotamus
of
Kare-za
To Shu and Tefnut.

"
;
the
XlXth
;
Duaha, called after the moon
"
son of
god, suggests the XXVIth dynasty and Kareza,
the Karian," points also to the Early Greek age (L., Diet,
2896); 196b, bronze; 196b 2, bronze. At St. Petersburg,
dynasty (Lieb., Diet, 760)
1.
SEBEK.
Period.
XVIII.
Figure.
201, light blue opaque glass (see Lakz., Diz.
Mit,
name Thapa,
goddess Apit, belongs to the
Univ. Coll. P.
1,
twin deities are often figured at the
"
(See Cairo Catalogue, 88,857.)

Univ. Coll. P. 1.
1,
SHREWMOUSE-HEADED FIGURE.
200.
SHU AND TEFNUT.
of these
of
(?).
1,
n,
top of a menat of bronze.

Period. XXVI.
Thapa, son
199, wood.
Collections.
green glaze.
Figures.
Figure.
not identified.
bronze,
Materials, as above, Univ. Coll. P. 18, E. 2, St. Petersburg
The heads
is
XXII
lines,
bronze, lion head.
196.
This god
Period.
195f, silver; 195g, g2,
female head; 195j, blue glaze, head of

bronze, female head with disc and horns,
after the
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
glaze, side
1,
(?).
black steatite,
195a, bronze, front and back of both aegis and

195b, b 2, blue glaze, faded white
195c, blue
reverse,
way
jackal's tracks
in the desert.
Ptolemaic
Figures.
menat
The opener of the ways."

Guidance to the soul, as the
best
Period.
of a deep collar of beadwork,

usually
at right angles
Period.
"
Meaning.
?).
UPUATU.
198.
Names.
AEGIS OF BASTET (and mut
195.
Turin 20,
8,
1.
cocliv).
Material.
Above
Position.
Chest
1 of bronze with lion head.
gold, Cairo.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
and
(1).
202.
1,
Cairo
1.
TEHUTI.
Principally honoured as the god of writing and knowledge.
ANPU.
197.
XXVI
Period.
to
great god, lady
197a, b, c, d, bronze; 197a 2, 8, 4, green

smaller
197e, f, violet glass ; 197f 2, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
glaze,
green glaze; 197g, blue glaze; 197h, steatite; 197j, blue
glaze, with
197m
(pi. xlv),
bone,
202j,
violet
2, 8, 4, 5, 6,
beak
202c
2,
."
202b, green glaze

202c, blue
green glaze
3,
lazuli
202d, green
202f bronze ;
;
202e, e
2,
blue glaze; 202k, bronze; 2021, green glaze
2, 8,
(pi. xlvi).
Materials.
Materials.
White glaze
8,
Quartz crystal 1, Carnelian 1, Agate 1.

Chest (2).
Collections.
Coll. P. 18, E. 10, Murch 7, Athens 8.
Porphyry
202b,
heaven
197n (pi. xlv), ebony, seated.

Black and yellow glaze 2, Red glaze 1, Blue glass 3, Grey
glass 2, Yellow glass 2, Bronze 8, Wood 7, Bone 1,
Illahun, seated
(sic) of
35m)
XXX.
pewter plate, group 18

202g, green-blue glaze 202h, Bteatite charm tablet, with
rosette and line of Demotic on reverse
figure of Tehuti
glaze
197k, blue glaze

glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21
with yellow points, Roman 1971, bronze, kneeling, pouring
see
Hawara
faded,
Figures.
to
202a, green glaze, Tehuti holding an uzat eye

Figures.
"
in each hand ; on back
Speech of Tehuti, lord of Shmun
Roman.
water (see Cairo, 88,569
XXVI
Period.
Meaning. Anpu, Anubis, was the protector of the dead,

the god of the cemetery frequented by the jackals.
Pewter

1, Red glaze 1, Lazuli 7, Blue glass 2, Bronze
1.
Position.
1,
stomach
Position.
In the main row
Collections.
Cairo
42
of
gods on the chest
(9)
(1).
Turin 86,
Athens 2,
51,
8,
St.
Petersburg 15,

SERPENT-HEADED GOD.
203.
Khet-ba-mutef is represented crowned with a

perhaps the same as 203b, which has disc and
Name.
disc,
crescent (Lanz., Diz. Mit., 998).
203a, blue-green glaze, two serpent heads, on

Figures.
back a blundered inscription, beginning Ra nofer ar
.
. ;
.
203b, bronze, Khet-ba-mutef

possibly a serpent head.
(?)
203c, bronze
203d, lead,
CHAPTER IX
AMULETS OF ANIMAL GODS

Theophoric Amulets, 204
Miscellaneous, 262
The worship of sacred animals survived in Egypt for

thousands of years alongside of higher beliefs. Beginning
probably before the earliest civilisation of which we have
found to be prominent in all the great centres,
and most of the nomes. The bulls of Memphis and Heliopolis, the ram of Thebes, the hawk of Edfu, are the remains
remains,
it is
of older faiths, long before
Ptah and
Amen and Horus had
in those cities. The popularity of the animal

did
wane till Roman times the abundance
not
worship
of amulets of sacred animals shows how much was thought
eclipsed
them
Though some animal
of them.
figures here are not
known
to be connected with a god, that is to be expected, as it

was not always that a junction with later theology could
be performed. The old independent animal worships would
not have any priesthoods or inscriptions by which we can

recognise them ; and it is only the making and wearing of
these figures which shows
204.
275.
206.
VI
Period.
BABOON
to Ptolemaic.
206a, bone, group 6 ; 206b, bone, group 8

206d, blue glaze, group
206c, green-blue glaze, group 9
;
12 206e, green glaze, XIX (?) 206f, two baboons, crowned

with disc and crescent, electrum, XVIII 206g, blue glaze,
"
Tehuti lord of
XVIII; 206h, white schist, on back
;
206j, bronze; 206k, green glaze, holding uzat;
Shmun";
2061, blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21; 206m,

XXIInd dynasty. (See also
(pi. xlv), green glaze, Ulahun,
131f.)
Green glaze
Materials.
8,
Red
jasper 1, Carnelian
Lazuli
glass 2,
Electrum
9,
Bronze
1,
XXVI
204a, a 2, faded green glaze 204b, b 2, violet

204c, faded green glaze, Memphis 204d, green
Figures.
glass
glaze, burnt brown, ape standing over kneeling

204e (xlvii), green glaze.
Materials.
Blue glass
2,

Basalt 1, Bronze 1.
Collections.
Coll. P.
lazuli 3,
4,
E.

3,
Murch 85 (amethyst
5,
woman;
5,
Turin
4,
Turin 19, Univ.

4, Athens 1.
The sacred
Varieties.
A,
XXVI
Figures.
Period.
VI
to
XXX.
205a, bone, Vlth dynasty, group 4 ; 205b, green

glaze, burnt red ; 205c, blue glaze faded white, Memphis ;
Figures.
205d, green glaze, faded.

Materials.
Green glaze 4, Yellow
Bone
frit 2,
Blue glaze
4,
APIS.
bull
bronze figures.
B, square tablets or
to
Roman.
Type A, 207a, bronze, on a
1,
impressed.
1,
Bronze, 14, Yellow glaze

Green glaze 8, Yellow glass 2, Blue glass
Materials.
Univ. Coll. P.
Petersburg
sled, disc
and
uraeus between the horns ; 207b, c, bronze, with disc and

uraeus; 207b 2, blue glaze. Type B, 207d, green glaze;
with garland
207e, silver embossed plate, bull regardant,
fed
bull
by a kneeling
hung over it ; 207f, cast lead plate,
blue glaze, with black and
priest, garland above; 207g,
207h (pi. xlv), blue glass
yellow applied, bull regardant;
1.
Collections.
Coll. P. 12, St.
pectorals.
Period.
APE SEATED.
1,
Hap was the primitive worbulls with other names in

sacred
ship of Memphis, like the
other cities.
green felspar, attitude not stated).
205.
Schist
Horus.
Univ.
27, carnelian 4,
1,
this
Meaning.
11, Lazuli 1,
Onyx
Name. Hap. There is no connection yet known between

and Hap, the Nile, or Hapy, one of the four sons of
2,
Murch
(Cercopithecus).
to Ptolemaic (?).
Bone
2,
1.
Collections.
Cairo
1,
Blue glaze 9, Yellow glaze

Agate 1, Red glaze 1, Blue
15,
207.
Period.
(Papio).
Figures.
what animals were venerated.
APE STANDING
261.
Schist
Murch.
48
9,
Blue glaze 10,
3, Silver 1,
Lead
2.
o 2
1,

Cairo 12, St. Petersburg 10, Univ. Coll. P. 9,
Turin 9, Athens 8, Alnwick 2, Murch 1 B.
Collections.
E.
1,
emblem
of Ra, at
211a, noble serpentine

211b, dark green
both
with
the charactersteatite,
prehistoric ; 211c, lazuli,
istic long fleece
d
211d,
2, light green glaze
211e, silver
211 g, dark blue
211f, green glaze burnt brown, Memphis
I).
A, couchant.
Varieties.
XVIII
Period.
to
Roman.
mid XVIII ; 208b, light

blue
glaze, moulded, flat back, XIX;
green glaze, XXVI; 208c,
208d, bronze, cut out of a sheet ; 208e, moulded wax, gilt,
Shabaka,
Chest
Turin
stomach
6,
Serpentine
.
to
5,
Athens
4, St.
the horns
relief,
Period.
Ptolemaic
(?).
Steatite 8,
Collections.
Athens
5, St.
Petersburg
6,
XXVth
1,
HATHOR COW HEAD.
serpentine
Type C, 21 2t (two views), green glaze,

side, winged serpent on other, on front disc
ra Amen mery, and blundered signs.
si
(?).
Figures.
1,
human wig
Bronze
Violet glaze
Collection.
2,
Varieties.
Creator, as
glazed
1,
Black serpentine
Durite
1.
1,
Historic,
4,
Murch 4, Athens 1.
Apple
green
Name and
Used probably as the

being, and hence probably used for
Meaning.
for
Sekhat.
un,
Un-nefer, the good being, or Osiris.
Period. XXVI to XXX.
hieroglyph
5.
RAM.
213a, light green glaze;
Figures.
Khnumu, Amon and

B, standing.
HARE.
218.
1,
white
A, couchant.
serpentine
1,
1.
Univ. Coll. P.
Green serpentine
1.
Collections.
Sera.
Meaning.
1,
2,
Brown
Green glaze 2, Green felspar 1, Blue glaze 1,

Gold 1, Silver 1, Bronze 2, Schist 1, Brown
at sides.
Quartz
211.
Name.
8,
1,
21 Oe, violet glaze,
glaze
Grey glaze
Blue paste
limestone
human face on back, short stem below 210c,

cow
head
bronze,
210d, apple green glaze
(back up)
210b, bronze,
Materials.
Prehistoric, Alabaster 8, Carnelian 3, Noble
Ivory
2,
Black steatite
covered with
210a, white opaque quartz,
"
green glaze, inscribed on back Hathor lady of N
.,"
broken from a figure ; note the two plumes above the disc ;
212r, hollow bronze case, with
serpent on one
Materials.
Period.
dynasty.
with uraei,
XVIII
Dendereh, Ptolemaic
blue glass eyes, ring for hanging beneath mouth; 212s,

schist scarab with ram's head, name of Shabaka on reverse,
1.
210.
glaze,
d,
Prehistoric to Ptolemaic.
212h, brown serpentine, veined

212k,
212j, carnelian
dark green serpentine; 2121, alabaster; 212m, black
serpentine, ostrich eggshell eye.
Type B, 21 2n, silver;
212o, bronze 212p, green glaze faded brown 212q, blue
209e, cast lead plate, disc between the horns, feeding stand
The last is distinctly a
in front, star and crescent above.
four
be
intended
for a bull, but the
the
cow,
might
previous
and e points to the same meaning.

Bronze 11, Blue glaze 6, Green glaze
Green frit 2, Lead 1.
B, late
Figures.
Type A, 212a, black steatite; 212b, noble
serpentine; 212c, carnelian ; 212d, noble serpentine, pale
oil-green; 21 2d 2, green serpentine, Tarkhan; 212e, e2,
ivory, stained green; 212f, durite ; 21 2g, g 2, alabaster;
c,
A, flat prehistoric, with round neck.

without neck. C, on column.
Varieties.
209c, green glaze, faded brown, disc between

209d, light blue glaze, disc between the horns
similarity of
Materials.
Turin 10, Univ. Coll.

Alnwick 5, Athens 2, Murch 4.
RAM'S HEAD.
212.
209a, light blue glaze, with dark green-blue

209b, blue-green glaze, impressed cow, with relief of
;
bronze, with two
glaze 1.
Cairo 16 (2 of C),
Peters-
1.
Figures.
mat above
(pi. xl),
Red
1,
Collections.
P. 10, E. 1, St. Petersburg 6,
regular naos, on a plain square plaque.
XXVI
211m
(2).
Cairo
HATHOR COW ON SQUARE.
Varieties.
Alnwick
2,
209.
Period.
(1)
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
dynasty
C, 21 In (pi. xlvi), lazuli.

Materials.
Blue glaze 26, Green glaze 15, Lazuli 5
(4 of C), Steatite 2, Silver 1, Bronze 2, Schist 2, Carnelian 1,
Waxl.
Position.
XXVth
heads.
;
211h, light green glaze ; 211j, deep blue glaze with
yellow points, group 22, Roman ; 211k, apple-green glaze,
Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21 ; 2111, schist, ram couchant
under tree, uraeus in front
reverse, title and name of
group 20; 208f, apple green glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,

group 21 208g, blue glaze, couchant (xlvi).
Blue glaze 8, Green glaze 8, Carnelian 2,
Materials.
"
Black and white stone," Cairo 2, Bronze 8, Red glass 2,
Red and yellow glass 1, Yellow glass 1, Red glaze 1, Jasper 1,
inlay
glaze
B, standing.
208a, fine blue glaze,
Figures.
2,
Dit. Mit.,
burg
Figures.
Erpet aht (MacG. 58) the Aht cow belonged to

Hathor, by the amulet or badge worn on the neck (Lanz.,
Name.
Ra, Osiris, Shu, and
of
Khepera.
Period.
HATHOR COW.
208.
Mendes, the souls
Ra.
213b
Materials.
C, four-headed
Carnelian
44
1.
2,
green glaze
Green glaze
213b, glaze faded

blue
213c, light
glaze.
22,
Blue glaze 17, Yellow glaze
1,

Collections.
E.
Coll. P. 8,
Athens
1,
1,
Murch
8,
Turin
5,
Univ.
Milky agate
Bone
1.
Chest (6)
Position.
IBEX
214.
"
Meaning.
Ba
{Copra nubiana).
Porphyry
1,
"
(Lanz, Diz.
St.
Lazuli
1,
Hard white limestone
Stomach
1,
(1).
Collections.
the divine, above the gods
1,
3.
Petersburg
7,
Murch
2,
Turin
9,
2.
Mit., 190).
214, green glaze, onkh on base.
Figure.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
1,
E.
Murch
1,
Name.
BARBARY SHEEP
215.
215, serpentine,
Figure.
partly
brown,
gone
no horns, but a heavy long head.

Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
LIONS.
Khens (MacG. 56)
two fore-parts joined.

Meaning.
(see 192) of north and south
Diz.
(Lanz.,
Mit., 269). See vignette of Chapter 17, Book of
the Dead.
;
The Mahes
(Ovis lervia).
green
TWO
220.
1.
Varieties.
two
A,
1.
two lions
B,
joined.
fore-parts
rampant.
KLIPSPRINGER
216.
(Oreotragus)
216, green glaze on schist, two scrolls on base.

small head, long neck, and marking of coarse hair
Figure.
The
seem
Type A, 220a, a 2,
Figures.
220b, bone, Vlth dynasty

XXVII 220c 2, blue glaze
(?)
to define this identification.
lain over to the shoulder, but are
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Short curved horns have
(see Deshasheh, xxvi, 26).
broken away.
Coptic, Illahun, indistinct
1.
tail
used for quartan fever (Pliny,
xxviii, 25).
Grey glaze
Roman
Figure.
217, bronze,
(?).
218.
flat plate.
burg
Chest
Kingdom
(?)
2,
Cairo
1,
(1).
Univ.
2,
Coll. P. 6,
Price
E.
1,
Turin
8, St.
Peters-
1.
Prehistoric.
218, hard white limestone with gold bands, no
tail.
1.
LION'S HEAD.
221.
Figure.
Period.
XXXth
Figure.
221a, light green glaze,
dynasty.
flat
back (similar Aln-
221b, c (pi. xlv),
green glaze, Illahun,

221d, coarse blue glaze Roman (see 269).
Collections.
Univ. Coll. P. 4, Alnwick 1.
wick, 604)
(See 244, as Mentu.)
dynasty
LION.
219.
220d, ivory, Old
Type B, 220e, iron disc incised,

signs between and above (see
Green glaze 8, Blue glaze 2, Brown glaze

1, Cloudy agate 1, Ivory 2, Iron B, 1.
HAWK-HEADED SPHINX.
Univ. Coll. P.
green glaze,
light
1.
Period.
Collection.
220c,
Sard
Collections.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Name.
1,
Position.
Period.
Vlth dynasty, group 7
lxiv, 78).
Materials.
Hairs from
Meaning.
sard,
two rampant lions on ivory ring, prehistoric, in Naqada,
CAMEL.
217.
B, Prehistoric,
Coptic.
XVIIIth dynasty.
Period.
XXVIIth dynasty.
A, Vlth to
Period.
(?).
XXIInd
Seno (couchant).
Meaning.
To guard
Varieties.
A, couchant.
or defend.
222.
B, walking. C, seated. D, with
Period.
XXVII.
Period.
crouching man.
LION AND BULL, FORE-PARTS.
See Cairo catalogue.

Figure.
Green glaze 8.
Materials.
219b,
Type A, 219a, hard white limestone
Figures.
black and white porphyry, both prehistoric 219c, amethyst,
;
Alnwick
Collections.
5, St.
Petersburg (695),
2,
Cairo
bone, VI, group 5 219e, gold, VI ; 219f,

219g, light blue glaze, faded; 219h2,
21 9j, blue and black
light green glaze, XXVII th dynasty
k
blue
Ptolemaic
219k,
2,
glaze, VI, group,
glaze, Dendereh,
XII
219d, d 2, d
3,
light blue glaze;
TWO
223.
BULLS, FORE-PARTS.
a very ancient combination, appearing

on one of the predynastic slate palettes (Capart, Primitive
The amulets are of the XXVIth dynasty.
Art, fig. 170).
Period.
11, XII,
Kafr
Ammar;
2191
(pi. xlvi),
carnelian, early (see
Naqada, lviii; Deshasheh, xxvi, 15); 219m (xlvi), green

219n, with squatglaze, with flower of Nefertum on head
ting man before, head turned back, blue glaze with yellow
Roman
223a, pale green glaze, Hawara 223b, green

Hawara, group 32; 223c, olive green
brown,
glaze gone
glaze.
Position.
(xlvi).
Green glaze, 16 (2 of B, 2 of C), Blue glaze

Grey glaze 1, Gold 1, Bronze 1, Amethyst 1, Carnelian 1,
Materials.
16,
is
Figures.
points,
This
Collections.
45
Chest
(1).
Univ.
Coll. P. 8, St.
Petersburg
1,
Price
1.

224.
Name.
CAT.
dark blue glaze, perhaps Mentu as a hawk-headed lion

(see also 183 for set, and engraved stone 138 g).
Mau.
Meaning.
Emblem
Varieties.
A, seated.
of the goddess Bastet.
B, couchant.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
C, walking.
XVIII to Boman. Very common on necklaces

XXIInd and XXIIIrd dynasty.
Period.
of
silver,
Name.
Ptolemaic, group 21
224g, blue glaze, with yellow points,

Type B, 224h, lion or cat ; 224j, cat, green glaze,
Xlth dynasty, Kafr Ammar 224k, blue glazed schist, Ymenf
;
on base, XVIII 224k 2, blue-glazed pottery 2241, dark

blue paste, Amen-ra in cartouche on base, dubious. Type C,
;
Grey glaze
Yellow glaze 1, Black glaze

Black limestone 1, Silver 1, Blue paste 1.
Carnelian
8,
Purple glaze
1,
Feet
Position.
Collections.
1,
Turin 18, Univ.
for the soul (see 198).
quarters)
229e, bronze, the four Upuats (of the four

the way for the sun in the under-
who open
world (Lanz., Diz. Mit.,
Bronze
cclvi).
Green glaze
5,
Univ. Coll. P.
Collections.
9,
5, St.
1,
Blue glaze
Petersburg
2,
1.
Cairo
1.
8,
Coll. P. 12,
Murch
E.
4,
Name.
Cairo 11,
281.
1.
JACKAL COUCHANT.
Anpu, Anubis.
Meaning, The guardian of the cemetery, and of the

dead in the judgment.
imitation, green glaze (Edw.)

Collection.
A, on ground.
Varieties.
CATS ON COLUMN.
B, on shrine.
Period.
XXVI
Figures.
Type A, 231a, blue glaze, XIX; 231b, blue glass

231c, blue and black glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,
Ptolemaic
Roman.
to
group 21. Type B, 231d, e, pewter plates with za serpent

above, group 18 231 f, g, h, blue and black glaze, Dendereh,
Ptolemaic, group 21
231j, green glazed schist (pi. xxxviii).
Materials.
Blue glaze 8, Black glass 8, Blue glass 1,
Three in Cairo have only one cat on the
Varieties.
south and north.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
8.
Name.
TWO
of the
Upuatu
Figure. 230, hard brown limestone, pierced under the

tip of the ears, flat base.
XXVI.
226.
TWO JACKAL HEADS.
230.
1,
Figure. 228, green glaze, papyrus stem and head on

each of the three sides, Memphis.
Also a rough solid
column.
Period.
XXIII.
226a, b, green glaze, octagonal column, blunFigures.

dered inscription on front, " Speech of Bastet lady of Pa
"
Bastet
226c (pi. xliii), column with feet of cat, inscribed
"
of
Bastet
."
Speech
Haematite 1, Blue paste 1, Green glaze 1, Grey

glaze 1, Bronze 1, Wood 3.
Position.
Chest (8) stomach (8).
Turin 9, Univ. Coll. P. 8, Athens 4, St.
Collections.
Pewter
Collections,
Cairo
4,
A, seated.
Varieties.
6.
Univ. Coll. P.
Petersburg
2.
B, couchant.
227a, bronze, two kittens
Meaning.
boils as a
Murch
2.
SHREW MOUSE.
Sacred to Horus and Uazet.
charm (Pliny,
Varieties.
227b, light green

glaze, five kittens, three in front, one each side; 227c,
Passed round
xxx, 84).
B, on box.
Type A, 232a, b, c, d, e, bronze.
A, standing.
Type B, 232f,
Figures.
bronze, as also two at St. Petersburg.
Univ. Coll. P. 5, St. Petersburg 2.
Collections.
green glaze, one kitten.

Materials.
2,
232.
XXntoXXVI.
Figures.
2,
CAT AND KITTENS.
227.
Period.
Green glaze
Materials.
glaze
to the Oasis)
CAT IN SHRINE.
225.
1,
"
ways
229a, light blue glaze 229b, c, bronze ; 229d,

Figures.
bronze, and d 2, green glaze, with the two serpents in front
(compare the two serpents that led the way for Alexander
Materials.
(1).
Petersburg 10, Edinburgh
Period.
of
glaze,
Materials.
St.
Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21.

Green glaze 22, Blue glaze 18, Bronze
Opener
Boman.
224m, blue
"
Meaning.
Upuatu.
JACKAL STANDING.
229.
group 16 224b, c, light

green glaze 224d, green glaze burnt brown 224d 2, blue
and black glaze 224d 8, olive glaze 224e, light blue glaze
224e 2, bronze; 224f, blue and black glaze, Dendereh,
Type A, 224a,
Figures.
2.
Green glaze 7, Green-glazed stone 2, Purple

1, Bronze 1.
Cairo A, 8 (8, 6 and 9 kittens), B, 6, Univ.
Carnelian
Collections.
283.
Coll. P. 8.
228.
Period.
Figures.
Meaning.
SET ANIMAL.
As these dogs are all short-legged, they

watching and guarding the person, and
probably refer to
not to hunting.
XLX(?).
228a, light blue glaze, impressed plaque
DOG.
Period.
228b,
46
Roman and
Coptic.

233a, b, bronze 233c, red coral, dog seated ;
Figures.
233d, dark blue glaze with yellow points, Roman, group 22
233e, mother of pearl, Coptic ; 233f, f 2, light blue glaze, dog
;
lying down.
Materials.
"
"
and
white
stone
Black
(Cairo) 2, Syenite
Shell
286r, white
236q, bronze
236q 2, green glaze
with
fine
XVIII
feathers,
work,
(?)
glaze
236s, t, green
yellow
236u, red jasper for inlay 236v, w, w 2, 3,
glaze, XXVI
2,
Bed
1,
2,
coral 1,
green glaze 236x, bronze 236y 2, 8, 4, green

236z, glass, burnt
236aa, blue glaze, Dendereh,
6,
5,
glaze
Univ. Coll. P.
C, 236ab, double Taurt, violet glaze

A, 236ac, black and white serpentine
Ptolemaic, group 21.
Cairo 4 (2 seated, 1 lying
6,
Murch
XVIIIth dynasty.
crossed, 1 curled up),
4,
Bronze
1.
Collections.
paws
back
(pi. xlvi).
Blue glaze 54, Green glaze 51, Yellow glaze

2, Violet glass 2, Bronze 2, Haematite
Materials.
1.
2,
Lazuli
PIG.
234.
Names.
8,
Grey glaze 2,
Bone 2, Porphyry 1, Red glaze 1, White glaze 1, Violet
glaze 1, Red -grey glaze 1, Blue glass 1, Mottled glass 1,
Apeh, Hera, Saau.

Pig standard
Sacrificed to Osiris annually.
Meaning.
and seventh months, Mekhir and Phamenoth
of the sixth
Schist green-glazed
steatite 1,
Positions.
(Lanz., Diz. Mit., vii).

Period. XXVI.
St.
Green glaze
Materials.
Yellow glaze
E.
Coll. P. 3,
Black glaze
Cairo 18,
2,
Athens
St.
Petersburg
Turin
7,
3,
stomach
(1)
feet (1).
5.
HIPPOPOTAMUS HEAD.
2,
Xllth dynasties.
237a, green glaze on schist, button seal with
Figures.
head of Hathor and serpents 237b, sard, head and forepaws broken from a figure 237c, carnelian, group 8 ;
237d, e, f, carnelian, group 14; 237g, deep red sard;
237h, j, k, 1, amethyst; 237m, carnelian 287n, black-green
Vlth
Period.
1.
Collections.
Murch
237.
20, Blue glaze 11,
(2)
Cairo 45, Univ. Coll. P. 41, E. 10, Turin 84,
Petersburg 25,
234c, c 2, light green
Schist blue-glazed 2, Jasper 1, Black

Breccia 1, Serpentine 1.
1,
Diaphragm
Collections.
284a, b, light blue glaze

Figures.
All
sows.
glaze.
1,
Limestone
Univ.
to
2.
HIPPOPOTAMUS.
235.
Name.
Apt.
jasper
Sacred as Taurt (see 236).
Meaning.
Period.
Prehistoric.
Copper
XVIII
plate,
237o, p, black-green serpentine; 237q, green glaze,
Xlth dynasty, Diospolis.

Materials.
Green felspar
(?).
235a, noble serpentine, hippopotamus feeding,

under the base a wavy line in relief, perhaps a serpent
Figures.
Black serpentine
285b, c, brown steatite

235d, pink limestone, a frequent
ornament for attachment to legs of water skins; 235d 2,
small, round, dolomite, Tarkhan, 1292
235e, copper plate.
Materials.
Brown steatite 2, Pink limestone 1, Noble
Green glaze
Sard
3,
Murch
Collections.
Blue glass
Copper
1,
1,
[Green glaze
"
1,
White stone
Univ. Coll. P.
5,
Cairo
Name.
3.
Varieties.
Figures.
TAURT.
A,
Green glaze
flat.
B, round.
P. 1,
C, double.
A, VI to XVIII. B, XVIII to Ptolemaic.

Type A, 236a, blue glaze, Vlth dynasty, Zaraby
Amarna, XVIIIth dynasty
glazed, Xllth dynasty,
agate
Blue glaze
Black glaze
7,
1,
8,
Kahun
Name.
Book
of the
the Opshait
236m, green glaze 236n, violet glass, XVIII

236n 2 to 17, necklace of blue glaze, XVIII 236o, lazuli,
group 28 (pi. xlv) 236o 2, o 3 (pi. xlv), blue glaze, Xllth
dynasty, Kahun. B, 236p, green glaze, black hair and
the
Cairo
6,
White
1, Schist 1 (above),
1.
Alnwick
2,
Univ. Coll.
TURTLE
(Trionyx Triunguis).
am
The animal of death and darkness. The

Dead in Chapter 36 reads " Chapter whereby
:
kept back. Away from me, thou with parted

Khnumu the lord of Shennu, who am bringing
is
the words of the gods to Ra, and I announce the news to

Nebes." In late papyri it is turned into a blackbeetle ; but
7,
1,
Opesh.
Meaning.
236g 2, schist, blue-
Athens
"
Agate
1.
239.
lips
Murch
(All have
236h, mottled glass, black,

blue
and
white,
red, XVIII; 236j, violet glass, XVIII; 236 j 2,
blue glazed schist
236k, black steatite, XIX 2361, greenglazed schist
Brown
Collections.
of pregnancy.
236b, c, bone, Vlth dynasty, group 8.

B, 236d, greenish
limestone with gold crown, XXVI, group 15. A, 236e, f,
indigo blue glaze, XVIIIth dynasty; 236g, indigo blue
glaze, Tell
1,
1,
HEDGEHOG.
Steatite white glaze 1, Steatite green glaze
The great one," the goddess
Meaning.
Period,
stone"
Taurt.
"
Glazed schist
XXtoXXVI(?).
Materials.
236.
13, Carnelian 9,
1,
Figure. 238, on base a fish and a crocodile.

incised bases.)
1, Cairo.]
Collections.
Period.
1,
Amethyst
82, Univ. Coll. P. 16.
238.
"
18,
Black jasper
1.
serpentine
2,
name shows
Period,
it
to be the turtle.
Prehistoric to Xllth dynasty
239a, brown agate
Figures.
3, black serpentine.
47
(?).
239b, carnelian
289b
2,

Materials.
Amethyst
2, Black serpentine 2,
Limestone 1 and coiled gold
Carnelian
2,
Brown
1,
1,
agate
wire (see Dcse. Eg., V, 59, 267).
Univ. Coll. P. 4, Murch
Collections.
Porphyry
5.
A, 243a, bronze, lance head

Figures and Materials.
above the head of Mentu; 243b, bronze, with the lance
head and a hawk over the head of Mentu, forked base to
the staff 243c, ebony, the Mentu head at the base of a
;
243d, grey steatite, the lance head above the

Mentu head, forked below B, 243e, dark blue glaze, aegis
of Mentu on head of staff, XXI (?)
243f, bronze, head of
harpoon
CROCODILE.
240.
Name.
Emsehu.
Emblem
Meaning.
Varieties.
with Horus.
Hor am
A,
utu (Lanz., Diz. Mit., ccxvii).
B,
Sebek the crocodile god.
of
A, hawk-headed and winged, as identified

B, normal. C, capturing a boy. D, double.
243g, bronze, aegis of Mentu on staff,

double feathers on head, uraeus at each side. (See three
Mentu with
two horns and the papyrus crown; upon a

corniced stand, without inscription. Type B, 240b, sard
240d, grey steatite, Roman 240e, dark
240c, haematite
244.
Period.
on
240e,
2,
S,
240f, black steatite,
Memphis
Type D, 2401, two crocodiles, grey

Memphis.
steatite.
Type B, 240m (xlvi), green glaze, and m 2, 8, 4,
5, Nebesheh.
Type F, 240n (xlvii), bronze.
Matenals. Green glaze 29, Blue glaze 15, Steatite 4,
Yellow glaze 1, Grey glaze 1, Bronze 8, Sard 1, Haematite
This royal bird

982)
burg
The
Meanings.
Hawk
of
Murch
6, St.
Peters-
c,
WARAN
(Varanus
245j,
niloticus).
group
The short puffy body and narrow

from the crocodile figures.
tail
distinguish this
Period.
Prehistoric.
Figure.
241, ivory, suspension hole under chest.
2,
of
Edfu.
The
king's soul.
C, in shrine.
bone;
8,
245d, greenish limestone; 246e, bone;

1626 ; 245f, noble serpentine
Tarkhan,
245h
j
4,
(pi. xlii),
grey
steatite, all prehistoric
bone, Vlth dynasty, group 4
Vlth dynasty
Hu, Xlth dynasty
8,
2451, green felspar
Univ. Coll. P.
245m, n, o, amethyst 245p, q,

carnelian, group 14 h
q, Vlth to XII th dynasty; 245r, dark
indigo glaze, XVIII (?) 245s, green glaze, Vlth dynasty (?)
245s 2, sard, Riqqeh, XII 245t, green schist 245u (xlii),
245v (xlii),
blue glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21
Isis
on
shoulders
of
black
245w,
jasper
green glaze,
245x, jade, fine work 245y, y 2, y 3, y 4, green glaze 245z,
245aa, hard green limestone
245ab,
light blue glaze
245ab
Naukratis
blue
2,
245ac,
paste,
green
green glaze
245ac 2, steatite, Nebesheh
245ad ad 4,
glass burnt ;
gold, XVIIIth dynasty, ad 2, larger, silver (see pi. xlv);
glaze,
1.
242.
Period.
Figure.
LIZARD.
XXVI.
242, light green glaze, suspension ring at each
end, Memphis.
Collection.
243k, bone,
2451 2, blue
Collection.
D,
Type A, 248a, yellow and black serpentine;
sard,
2,
Horus
Period.
245b,
bird of
B, with uraei.
E, mummified.
and west.
24Sg, ivory
241.
correctly called a falcon.

24, B. D. G.
A, alone.
Varieties.
of east
245e
1.
more
Sopd or Seker.
Figures.
4,
is
Bak (MacG. 55); Sat (MacG.

the bandaged hawk (Laoau, 95).
Name.
Porphyry.
Turin
HAWK, FALCON.
245.
throat,
4,
1 (see 218, as sphinx).
Univ. Coll. P.
the front of the boy, and the suspension ring under the
Collections.
II.
1,
Rameses
rough blue glaze, Xlth
Roman 240g,
blue
with yellow
240h,
glaze
light green glaze,
Roman
shell,
Coptic (pi. xlii). Type C, 240k,
240j,
points,
in
his mouth, the lower jaw on
with
crocodile
bronze,
boy
Ammar
dynasty, Kafr
HAWK-HEADED SPHINX.
244, red jasper, with cartouche of
Figure.
base.
Collection.
blue glaze, XVIII;
The king as Mentu.

XIX.
Meaning.
uraei,
disc
large examples from Koptos at Berlin. Koptos, xxi. 4, 5, 6.)

Univ. Coll. P. 7 ; Berlin 3.
Collection.
E, seven together. F, with feathers, disc and horns.

Period. Xllth to Roman.
Type A, 240a, bronze, the Sebek-Ra crocodile,
Figures.
with hawk head, and wings raised, on the head a crown
of
Univ. Coll. P.
1.
245ae, bronze 245af, af 2, af 3, green glaze ; 245ag, blue

and black glaze, head turned sideways, Dendereh, Ptolemaic,
;
243.
MENTU STANDARD.
group 21: 245ah, blue and black glaze, group 21; 245aj,
245ak (pi. xlv), red glass, for
light blue glaze, group 21
on
resin body, Xllth dynasty.
245al
silver
(pi. xlv),
inlay;
Meaning. Protection of the god of war. No. 243f, and

" the
perhaps others, seem to be
harpoon of Horus of
Edfu
"
(Mar., Bend.,
Varieties.
iii,
63
Type B, 245am, black steatite, Horus with the serpents of

south and north, as described in the battles of Horus and
Set at Edfu, reverse Horus in triumph (pi. xliii)
245an,
lead plate, the crowned hawk with the serpent before him,
c).
A, with the lance or harpoon point.
the aegis of Mentu.

Period. XlXth to
B, with
XXVth
dynasty.
48

and
behind him.
Type C, 248ao, blue paste shrine,

hawk
bust
of
above it a cornice of seven uraei ;
containing
on each side the hawk-headed Horus-Ea seated, crowned
Isis
(?).
249a, green-glazed pottery

Collection.
Univ. Coll. P. 2.
Figures.
XXVI
Period,
on back a scarab 245ap, blue paste

from it here put at the side of it
head
of
hawk
the
shrine,
the
disc
and
over the door
serpents, above that the disc and
wings on the side the Horus-Ea seated, on the lotus, and
on the back the
behind that the winged hawk on the neb
disc and scarab
245aq, light blue glaze, shrine with hawk
and Isis seated before it, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21, as
also next two.
Type D, 245ar, hawk crowned with disc, abt
east behind it
of
the
245as, hawk crowned with
hieroglyph
both light blue glaze.
behind
it,
feathers, ament, west,
with disc and crescent
VULTURE FLYING.
249.
249b, blue-glazed.
GOAT SUCKER
250.
(Caprimulgus).
Period,
Prehistoric.
Figures.
Collection.
253a, ivory ; 250b, carnelian.

Univ. Coll. P. 2.
Type E,
Type A, 245at
Horuza, Cairo.
gold,
Period,
(pi. xlvi),
Prehistoric.
251a, b,
Figures.
quartz crystal.
felspar 42,
Amethyst 81, Green glaze 24,

6, Bronze 3, Steatite 4,
7, Green limestone 8,
251d, slate, 1781 Naqadeh
Naqadeh.
6.
COPTIC BIRD AMULETS.
252.
each of Silver, Lead, Quartz crystal, Black

Green
schist, Green glass, Bed glass, Yellow
jasper, Jade,
251f, slate, 1865
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Blue glaze 20, Lazuli 26, Bone 8, Gold

Serpentine 3, Haematite 2, Carnelian
Blue paste
slate
c,
146 Naqadeh
251e, slate,
Green
Materials.
BIRD HEADS.
251.
3, 1
Period.
Coptic.
Figures. 252a, b, b 2,
for the hoopoe.
glaze, Violet glaze, Grey glaze.

Position.
Chest (11) ; stomach (8).
Murch
Collections.
Alnwick 16,
Petersburg 10, Turin
St.
9,
Athens
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
89, Univ. Coll. P. 51, E. 8, Cairo 22,
c,
c 2, d, shell,
perhaps intended
5.
5.
BIRD'S FOOT.
253.
Period.
Period.
Prehistoric.
Figure.
246,
brown serpentine,
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Coptic.
Figure. 258, wood, natural branching twigs, the
broken, Illahun.
OSTEICH.
246.
ostrich seated.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection,
Meaning.
Period.
on base
ibis.
The emblem of Tehuti, the god

XVIII to Eoman.
of
kau points out the way to the dead (Book of the Dead,
"
Chapter 149), and the dead says that he moves eternally
"
like Nehebkau
(Chapter 17). As an amulet, therefore, it
wisdom.
247a, gold, a 2, without feather; 247b, c, d,

247e, blue glaze with black head and tail, inscribed
"
Lord
of
247f, green glaze,
247g, blue glaze
Khemnu (give
Kafr
247g
light blue-green glaze
Ammar,
Materials.
Hor-aa-pa-khred
Xlth dynasty, group 25
Collections.
3,
11,
Blue glaze
10,
2,
8,
Turin
human
body.
5,
8,
255.
1.
Univ. Coll. P. 12, St. Petersburg
B,
254a, dull green glaze 254b, deep blue glaze

green glaze; 254c, green glaze, group 19. B,
seated, 254d (xlvi), d2, blue glaze, and Cairo.
Collections.
Univ. Coll. P. 5, Cairo 1.
2471, blue
Bronze
A, serpent body.
About XXth dynasty.
Figures.
264b
Green glaze
Murch
Period.
a guide to the soul.

Varieties.
green glaze, standing 247h, h2, 3,

247j, blue glaze, dark blue tail 247k,
2,
2, Steatite 1, Lazuli
Alnwick
is
"
life to)
green glaze, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21

glaze with yellow points, Eoman.
Gold
SERPENT WITH ARMS.
Nehebka, one of the 42 judges of the dead.

Meaning. In the Xth domain of the underworld, Neheb-
Figures.
bronze
1.
Name.
IBIS.
Habu, whence Greek
Name.
one
1.
254.
247.
left
QARMUT
(Clarias anguillaris).
Name. Nar (in name of early King Narmer).

Sacred fish of Mendes, worn on head of
Meaning.
Hamehyt, goddess of Mendes.
Figures and Materials. 255a, b, Silver, Xllth dynasty (?)
255c, Bone, prehistoric (?) (see 173).
5,
2.
248.
Name.
VULTURE.
Naur.
Meaning.
Collection.
Devotion to the goddess Mut.
248a, bronze ; 248b, grey limestone (see No. 94).

The latter may perhaps be an eagle.
Univ. Coll. P.
in Italy (Bell.,xu, 23),
Figures.
Fet., 42).
49
3.
an amulet against the evil eye

and an emblem of fecundity (Bell.,
fish carved in bone
is

OXYRHYNKHOS
256.
as shown by the city Oxyrhynkhos being

Mizz or Mizdeh being the modern
and
Pa-mazed,
Mazed ;
Name.
called
local
name
Period.
Meaning.
divinities
Period.
XXVI
Figures.
(?).
XXVI.
262a,
early form
1.
Onyx
1,
BULTI
257.
XII
Period.
to
(Tilapia nilotica).
1,
Figures.
Kahun
.
men-neb
2S7d, violet glaze,

287f, gold with green-
257c, grey steatite, Koptos
XVIII 2S7e e 6, carnelian, XVIII

grey wax inlay, from Nubia (pi. xlvi).
ELECTRIC FISH
Period.
XVIII.
Figure.
288a a
glaze.
Collection.
(pi.
Univ. Coll. P.
Penpennu
(?),
Sacred
Meaning.
Univ. Coll. P.
glass 1,
Amethyst
Period,
Thebes.
FIGURE IN LONG ROBE.
263b
(?),
XXII
(pi. xlv),
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
266.
1.
(?).
ebony.
2.
SCORPION.
FIGURE IN POINTED CAP.
Vlth dynasty.
266a, b, sard, group 14.
Figures.
Univ. Coll. P.
Emblem
of the
goddess Selket, one of the four
267.
guarding the tomb.
Figures.
Prehistoric to
XXVI.
Period.
260a, noble serpentine
2.
XXVI
dynasty
(?) (pi. xlv).
Collection.
Univ. Coll. P.
4,
Edinburgh
1,
XXX.
Figures.
scorpion.
Collections.
to
Univ.
Coll. P. 3.
blue glaze.
268.
GREEN BEETLE.
261.
Period.
Prehistoric to XII.
Figures.
261a,
noble serpentine (see Naqada,
Ptolemaic.
Figure.
268, blue glass burnt.
Collection.
lviii)
Period.
Figure.
Collections.
269.
6,
Murch
1.
BUNCH OF GRAPES.
Roman.
269, blue glaze, frothy and bad.

Univ. Coll. P. 1, with 221d, similar work.
Collection.
1.
Univ. Coll. P.
Univ. Coll. P.
blackened limestone
PALM COLUMN.
Period.
261b b 5, green glaze,

quartz crystal, Tarkhan
Xllth
Kahun,
dynasty.
Materials. Green glaze 6, Serpentine 1, Carnelian 1,
2,
FLOWER.
267b, glaze faded

267a, blue glaze, Memphis
white, Memphis, a button ; 267c, green glaze, lotus, XXth
260b, sard, tail broken

260c, bronze, with head of
;
260b 2, sard, Tarkhan

goddess crowned with disc and horns, rising from the
;
261a
(?).
268a, alabaster, with large collar, and round
Collection.
Period.
off
1.
Selk.
Meaning.
divinities
carrying a long jar
left
Coll. P. 1.
Prehistoric
robe to feet
Period.
Name.
OFFERINGS.
Sard 1 (Athens).
1 (all Cairo),
260.
Univ.
265.
Figures.
Cairo 11, Athens
Collections.
Prehistoric
(Barbus bynni).
modern Binny.
fish at
2,
Figure. 264, ivory, tall pointed head-dress, ears projecting as in figures of 1st dynasty, arms raised over chest.
Collection.
See Cairo Catalogue.

Figures.
Materials.
Green glazed stone 5, Blue glazed 4. Green
Petersburg
2,
FIGURE IN TALL HEAD-DRESS.
264.
green (6) and violet (1)
2, St.
Agate
garment down
electricus).
7.
LEPIDOTOS
259.
Name.
(Malopterurus
xlv)
Univ. Coll. P.
2,
263, light green glaze, woman wearing long flap

the back, fringed at the sides, the right hand
Figure.
Period.
7,
7,
quartz
XXVI.
Period.
Collection.
258.
probably an
1.
holding the horns of a gazelle, the

by a top handle.
Univ. Coll. P. 11.
Collection.
1,
WOMAN WITH
263.
237a, bronze; 287a 2, green glaze, Xllth dynasty,

237b, glazed schist, inscribed below in cartouche
carnelian,
8, Veined
Limestone 1.
Cairo
Alnwick
Roman.
262b,
Carnelian
Alabaster
Collections.
Price
agate
of this sign.
Materials.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
four
guarding the tomb.
of this fish in that district.
236, bronze, with horned disc and uraeus on the
Figure.
head.
SHUTTLE, OR WINDING FRAME.

Emblem of the goddess Neit, one of the
262.
(Mormyrus).
8.
50
MISCELLANEOUS AMULETS
FLOWERING REED
270.
Period.
Ptolemaic.
Figure.
270, blue
273f 2, brown limestone

;
273f, black basalt, rigbt
273g, black basalt 273g 2, brown basalt (?) ; 273b, ligbt
blue glaze, rigbt, Dendereh, Ptolemaic, group 21.
Black
Materials (omitting tbose in Cairo as uncertain).
left
(Calamus).
and black
glaze,
Dendereh, group 21.
Cbest.
Position.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
basalt 8, Obsidian 6, Black glass 3,
1.
Haematite
271.
Period.
XVIII
to
glaze 2,
glass 1, Slate 1,
Brown basalt 1.
SEED VESSEL.
XIX.
Common on
271, blue glaze.
Figure.
carnelian and in glaze.
272.
Period.
VI.
Figure.
272
Unknown
2,
Blackened limestone
1,
2 L, Univ. Coll. P. 8, E. 3 (6 R, 2 L), St. Petersburg 4,

3, Price 2, Alnwick 2, Turin 1.
Object.
274.
UNCERTAIN PENDANTS.
Roman.
Period.
2.
Figures.
273.
Purple glass
Murch
a, b, sard.
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
1,
Brown limestone
Brown steatite 2, Blue

2, Brown glass 1, Black
Position.
Usually left side of pelvis, sometimes base of
stomacb, or middle of stomach, never higher.
Collections.
Cairo 30 R, 2 L, British Museum 10 R,
necklaces in
Univ. Coll. P. many.
Collection.
TWO
FINGERS.
Collection.
274a, black steatite

Univ. Coll. P. 2.
Zebo ne dens rud (MacG. 58).

"
Meaning.
Finger of beavy stone, at tbe girdle."
274b, brown haematite.
Name.
Two
Varieties.
fingers of rigbt or left band.
Period.
XXVI.
Figures.
273a,
limestone,
gilt
glass, left
XHth
Period.
dynasty, Ptolemaic.
275a, blue glaze, Xllth dynasty,

Figures.
blue
glaze, Dendereh, group 21.
light
273b, opaque
opaque obsidian, rigbt band; 273d, dark

273d 2, black glass 273e, black glass,
asidian; 273c,
purple
brown
STAR.
275.
Position.
Throat
(1)
Stomach
Univ. Coll. P.
Collection.
Kahun
275b,
(1).
2.
CHAPTER X
THE POSITIONS OF AMULETS

lower lines of amulets come lower than their exact places
on the mummies
one of the closest is No. 6, on which
In the preceding catalogue the positions of amulets have
and as very few plans of sets of amulets have

it seems well to set out now the plans
have long had recorded. These plans were gathered
been stated
which
Hawara, 8
XXVIth dynasty
all
at Abydos, 2 of the
4
about
the same age and
Nebesheh,
dynasty
at Dendereh, 10 of the Ptolemaic age.
The last of these
groups was recorded by Mr. N. de G. Davies, the Abydos
at
of the
XXXth
at
amulets,
liv.
As on such a
scale
the
such as the
make them
as clear as
of the amulet,
Isis,
Nebhat, and Horus.
counterpoise at the
ings here are rather spread out for clearness, so that the
arrangements.
numbers
of
scarabs are
which it occurs, and the letters

of the rows in the plans.
These last letters serve also to
show at once, without reference to the plans, at what parts
of the mummies any amulet is found.
The actual drawthe
are
blue
All
of
by the amulets
the Dendereh
with
glaze
black
distinctions
of
the minute
only conventional, in order to

might be. There are obviously
certain changing fashions in the kinds and positions of
In the XXVIth dynasty we see a row of zad
amulets.
signs across the stomach, above or below them a triad of
This same plate serves to find all

first the number of
name
24,
recorded.
statuettes of gods would not be clear, the names of the

gods are stated instead of a figure. Some of the figures
the side of each plan are letters, T, C, P, etc.,

the
indicating
position of the lines of amulets upon the
mummies, the meaning of these letters being stated at the
pi.
15
is
painting.
Down
the instances of any amulet, having

the amulet in the catalogue, then the
of the material are placed
where the material
my wife, and the other three groups by myself.

The twenty-four plans of amulet groups are drawn in
Each plan has the site at
position on pis. 1 to liii.
the top left, and the reference number at the top right
beginning of
the rows from
initial letters
groups by
hand.
to the scarabs and eyes in U, were all

within 12 inches of height, or from the clavicle to the
umbilicus. The materials are listed below No. 1, and the
yet been published,
of the plans in
nape
Rather
of the neck,
were added the

and the serpent head
later
The mummy on the bier, the mourners,

and the lion, are Ptolemaic.
Many other distinctions
between these different ages may be noticed in the
at the throat.
51
THE POSITIONS OF AMULETS

One
few records of the positions of amulets
of the
a plate of copper. Between the legs, a papyrus,

the usual position in this age. Under the left hand, a wax
On left ulna, a long bead of blue paste (the
figure of Hapi.
left flank,
is
Amen
(Ann. Serv., VIII, 85). As

this bore dates on the linen of Pisebkhanu son of Pinezem
1006 952 b.c, and the 8th year of Siamen 1014 B.C., it is
from one
of the priests of
probably a few years before 1000

given are
much
of gold, scarab
of amulets,
an
and engraved uzat
name badge
All the groups here
so this set is important.
later,
neck was a string
b.c.
uzat, uraeus,
the
mummies
On
uzat.
and two papyrus
In the
moner, usually on necklaces and wrists
of gilt bronze.
The
sceptres.
XXth dynasties have very

Old Kingdom amulets are com-
the XVIIIth to
of
few amulets.
clavicle, a
UmPectoral, greenstone scarab.

in
hands.
incision
blue
scarab
between
Over
bilical, big
hawk
scarab, heart, zad,
uzat,
and an
a string at the
to lay across the chest, a uraeus,
side, probably intended
and vulture,
On
of lazuli.
On
77), a scarab
(see Deshasheh,
xxvi).
PROPERTIES OF STONES.
Besides the meanings attached to various forms of amulets,
is also looked on as having important influence.
Often the form is disregarded, so long as the special material
the material
Heliotropium, blood jasper. For invisibility, P. xxxvii,

to stop bleeding, B. v, Am. 18, Fet. 88, 89.
60
Black jasper, baetuli and kerauniae. Potent in taking

cities and fleets, P. xxxvii, 51
against lightning and
can be obtained a mere lump of the required stone, or a

These properties
plain bead or pendant of it, is sufficient.
attributed to the materials are only recorded in general for
;
evil,
B.
hi.
Against witchery, B.
Staurolite.
Italy, by Pliny anciently, and by Bellucci in modern times.

These authors are referred to by P. or B.
Adamas, diamond. For poison or delirium, P. xxxvii,
P. xxxvii, 13.
15.
parturition, Jackson.
For suppuration in swine, B. viii, 16, 24.

To preserve the eyes, B. viii, 28.
Pyrites, crystal.
petitions, P. xxxvii, 60
Beveals treachery
stops bleeding, B.
Siderites, black haematite, or meteorite.
viii,
19, Fet.
Sapphire.
v.26.
xxxvi,
Am.
evil eye, B.
promotes
contentment, B.
For
xxxvii,
For intoxication, P. xxxvii, 15

and locusts, and for access to kings, P.
parturition, P.
Chalcedony, white,
"
milk stone."
Malachite, "peacock stone."

for evil eye, B. x.
B.
"
blood stone."
from eye, B.
;
18
viii,
with
against evil eye,
12
affections, P.
xxxvii,
11
on neck
against witchery, B. v.
"
milk
stone."
For increase of milk, B. ix.
Coral, white,
Evil eye and menstruation, B. ix, Am. 28,
Coral, red.
For bleeding, especially
Fet. 46.
P. xxxvii, 60.
Ammonite.
Madrepore.
worms
Against scorpions, P. xxxvii, 54.
For public speaking, P.
of milk, B. vi.
get dirt
For throat
To strengthen the sight. Jackson, "Minerals

Opal.
and their uses."
"
Agate, concentric,
eye stone." Evil eye, B. vi, Fet. 52.
Jaspis, jasper.
To
for fevers, P. xxxvii,
of milk,
of nose, B, vi.
Agate, Egyptian.
For increase
disc.
x.
Amber.
xxxvii, 40.
vi.
Chalcedony, red,
Preserves infants, P. xxxvii,
dendrite, against venom, B. viii, 19.

Selenite.
For increase of milk, B. vi
against spells,
For increase
Alabaster.
Amethyst.
B.
17
Limestone
Paeanitis, like ice, quartz crystal.

evil eye, B. x, Am. 64.
xxxvii, 66
hail
11
P. xxxvii, 59.
36
:
iv.
cylinder, phallic, against evil eye, B. iv.

For increase of milk,
Soapstone, white, mixed in water.
945.
For headache
disease, B.
for
Against headache and serpent bites, P.

54 disc, against reptile bites, B. iv,
Serpentine.
Apsyctos (haematite ?). Against cold, P. xxxvii, 54.

Limonite (hydrous iron oxide) concretion. For pregnane}',
Am.
P. xxxvii, 40
Against spells, P. xxxvi, 31.

For widows, comfort in misfortune, B. v. 10.
Garnet.
17.
17.
P. viii,
Against jaundice,
Amianthus.
Causes discord
and
For kidney
Jadeite, nephrite.
for success in
viii,
in law suits, P. xxxvii, 67; for witchery
As amethyst,
Smaragdus, emerald.
Lead.
Haematite, blood red.
v. 27.
Lyncurion, jacinth or yellow quartz.
52
Gives prophetic dreams, sacred in Ethiopia,

Evil eye and witchery, B.
in children.
Holed
xxxvii, 87.
stone.
Against witohery, B.
viii.
vii,
Am.
33;
OF GROUPS OF AMULETS
LIST
Group
Various strings of beads and amulets have been bought

which obviously belong together, by their uniformity of
and although the localities from which
style and material
is
given here.
Groups
belong probably to about the Vlth dynasty.

Group 1. Types 2a ; 12a 13 12b, 2, 3
;
15e4; 22f2; Hid; 138b.

Group 2. 2b; 15a 2; 15e5, 6;
13811 2
24
c 2
138j,
Group
Group
2c
5.
h; 113d; 138c;
Group
G
f7,I'
138d
;
138g
Group
22b
47a
lllj
8.
12a 4; 29b
2f2
2,
o
]
'
22a
various Ptolemaic tombs, Dendereh.
138h
170c, c 2
145a
206b
Group 22.
Group 23.
Group 24.
_
.
Group 25
Group 26.
"
236b, c
275b.
206a.
138a
15C3; 22C2,62; 29a; 94a2;

94c
From
21.
I!!
220a.
12a 6
94b
36g 37f 40b 58t, u 59d 71a, b

150 C h 155b 156b 157f 180j
211k 219j 224f,
r
2061
208f
231c, f,
182q
197J
2
h
36aa
245u, ag, ah, aj, aq, ar, as 247k 270 273h
g>
113c,
3.
Group6.
i
7p 8b 28d 30a 34e

79c 84b 87o 93e) f
208e.
lllf, g,
k 2 237c.
170d 205a 245j 14.
94a 113b
2d, e
27a, b
2, 3, k,
4.
219d, d 2,
12a, b, b 4, c 5
180g; 182b; 202e, e2; 231d, e.

Group 2 o. Wax impressed, Dendereh, Ptolemaic. 8a
30e 68(j 71c 881 1S0a> b> b 2 155a 156a, a 2 157d
3.
16.
Group
1 to 13
12c
146
a few miles north of Abydos.
XXVIth dynasty (?). 33e; 145f, g 148h;

170b
194e; 224a.
149g; 164c;
Group 17. Memphis, XXVI, necklace. 145j 175e.
Group 18. Sheet pewter, figures stamped. 95c 149h
Group
they come are not known, it is desirable to keep the record

of their grouping.
Such are noted by the number of the
group when described in the Catalogue, and the list of
references to each group
From
15.
149f; 170a; 236d.
2^5jj
92 i
Group 9. 2b 2 206c.
Group 10. 22d2; 27b 2.
Group 11. Ha; 219k, k 2.
Group 12. 2f 206d.
Group 13. 12c; 22c; 77d 123a; 138f 188a d.
Group 14. Vlth to Xllth dynasty. 15f 111c; 129a,
b2; 138g; 185g, h; 237d, e, f; 245h q; 266a, b.
'
156c
13b
145w, x 1491
2 161j.
b
16b,
;
233d.
Amarna, Roman. 74a, b; 133j.

.
,
VT ., j
I
1*
Kafr Ammar XIth dy nasty- 2 * 7L
Tell
'
7n
Ptolemaic.
Dendereh,
40c, d
88p
Group
lkGroup
Group
f,
b,
Note.
It is
On
pi.
xl
a bronze figure of a
an unnumbered
figure,
27.
Memphis,
28.
49d
30.
Vlth dynasty.
31.
Illahun,
88d,
jewellery.
16c,
d;
85d,
e,
f;
e.
22g2; 113c; 138e; 188e,
f2.
Group
XXVth
dynasty.
34d 2
90aa.
which entered the collection after cataloguing, has not been described.
See Lanz., Diz. Mit., cliii p. 558.
hawk with ram's head and human arms.
53
INDEX
Aakhet,
Baboon, 43
Bah, 48
17
Bulti, 50
Bakhakhukh, 30
Barbary sheep, 45
Ab, 10
Ablanathanalba, 31
Ab-nekh, 12
Abrasax, 30, 31
Abraxas, 31
Adamas, 52
Bark
of the
Bunch
of grapes, 50
Moon, 17
Bastet, 46
Bat, 17
C.
Bata, 2
Bat's head
Aegis of Bastet, 42
Agate, 52
Alabaster, 52
Caesarea, coins
worn
Bear, wearing
Algerians,
Altar with cakes, 20
Amber, 52
Amber used
Amen, 3V
Bulla, 28
for eyes, 3
to prevent sleep, 2
of part of, to give
strength, 2
Bearing of King's soul, 16

Beauty, emblem of, 14
Beetle, green, 60
Being, conferred by vulture, 25

Bell, 28
Bellucci, Prof.,
1,
Ament, 25
Ames, 18
Benefit of dead, 1
Benefits of life, 22
Amethyst, 52
Amianthus, 52
Benr, 20
Berberete,
30
Bes, 30, 40, 41
Amset, 39
Quiet, origin of name, 1
indent writers on amulets, 1
ahur, 37, 41
aimal gods, amulets, 43
headed gods, amulets, 39

npu, 2, 42, 46
inubis, 30
lo, 20
ioh, 17, 23
Binny, 50
Bird amulets, Coptic, 49
heads, 49
Bird's foot, 49
Blood of Isis, protection by, 23
Body, preservation of, 22
Boils, 26
Bone, 26
Boni,
Comm.
Book
of the
Dead
Chapter 22.. 17
iorot, 18
Vpe, seated, 43
standing, 43
dpeh, 47
23.. 16
,,
iphreni, 30
Aphrodite, 30
Apis, 43
shell,
27
Carthaginian source of amulets,

Cartouche, 21
Cassio Nodulosa shell, 27
Casual connection, 2
Cat, 46
amulet of, 9
Children and amulets,
Chi-rho cross, 32
Circle of cord, 22
Clanculus Pharaonis shell, 28
Classes of amulets, 6
Claw, 13
Cleopatra Bulimoides shell, 27
Clothing, 21
Cobra on
case, 26
Collar, 20
Combs, 21
Concretions in stone for
pregnancy, 2
Conferring greatness, 14
Confidence, 2
Confusion with medicines, 2
Construction of charms, 2
140.. 32
149.. 49
165.. 15
Conus
shell,
27
Coral, 27, 52
156. 23
160.. 13
162.. 20, 30
Crowned sun,
Auk
163. 33
166.. 15
167.. 32
Cynaelurus guttatus, 40
Cypraea shell, 27
skin used, 3
Auo, 20
B.
Ba, 14
Ba
the divine, 45
Bound
158.. 20
captive, 19
Museum,
Cow, legs
17
D.
Breast, 10
Brinteti en, SI
British
Greek, stone, 30
,,
Arms, two, 11
Ascending to sky, 17
Atherne Mino, 30
Athlathanalba, 30
Arm,
11
in,
Chief,
Counterpoise of collar, 15
tied, 20
Crescent, 23
Crocodile, 48
Cross, 32
Ari, 9
26-29B..10
30.. 10, 24
33. 25
36.. 47
94.. 21
Camel, 45
Cardium Edule
25.. 21
59.. 12
Apsyctos, 52
Apt, 47
Arab use of amulets, 1
32
and kittens, 46
Cats on column, 46
Central Africa, use of amulets
Chalcedony, 52
Charm case, 29
Charms, 1, 2
Bennu, 30
Ammonite, 52
Amphisbaena, 26
of,
Cairo, collection at, 6
collection at, 6
55
Damaraland, wearing of amulets

Dangers, to steer through, 2, 27
in, 2
INDEX
Date, 20
Dead, amulets
Defence, 21
Frog transfixed to ensure

Future existence, 1
for, 15
Definitions and limitations of subject, 5
Digestion, amulet for, 30

Direction of thought to disease, 2
Disc mace, 18
Dish
lad, 30
IaO-la-i!a-ma, 31
Ibis,
Going among men, 25

Goose, 20
Green
20
beetle, 50
mad
Guidance of the
flock, 18
to the soul, 42
Guillemot's foot for proficiency in whaling, 3
dog, 2
,,
Door bolt, 28
Double crown on Neb, 18
sill,
Eabu, 49
Haematite, 52
open, 11
Hairdressing, 21
of, 13,
, ,
Jadeite, 52
Jaspis, 52
Joint of meat, 20
Haqt, 18
Har, 34
Hare, 44
E.
Ear, 10
of,
Joy,
Harpekroti, 30, 34
Hathor, 37, 38, 40
the cow of, 44
,,
Electric fish, 50
17
Eoulkheoukh, 30
Equilibrium, 16
Erpet aid, 44
Eskimos, 2
Eukairian, 30
Eupepti, 30
Evil eye, amulets to avert,
Eye, 9, 32, 33
Hat-mehyt, 38
Hawk falcon, 48
headed sphinx, 45, 48
He Kharis, 30
,,
2, 4, 26, 27, 28,
29
Head
,,
bearded, 9
bones of animals for headache, 2

of Horus, 35
restoration of, 15
Head-rest, 15
,,
Face, 9
Faith-healer, 2
Faith theory of cures due to amulets, 2

Fear, weakening due to, 2
Feathers and scourge, 18
Fighting power, emblem of, 18

Figure in long robe, 50
in pointed cap, 50
in tall head-dress, 60
,,
of
between
first
and
fingers, 11
of Isis given to deceased, 23, 24
of Osiris,
36
pricked with pins, 3

worn as amulet, 2
Heliotropium, 52
Helix Desertorum, 27
Herd, 28
second
Flowering seed, 51
Fly, 12
Hippopotamus, 47
Food
Holed
offering, 19, 20
Forked lance, 16
Foxhead worn to ensure cunning, 3
,,
,,
against chill of fever, 3

and toad, 12
meaning
of,
12
K.
Ka, 11
Kebhsenuf, 39
Keses, 16
Khat, 21
Khens, 45
Khep, 11
Kheper, 23, 24
Kheret, 25
Kher-o, 21
Met,
17
Khet-ba-mutef, 43
Khnumu, 30, 40
Khonsu, 37
Kittiwake head amulet, 3
Klipspringer, 45
Knotted cord, 29
Knowledge and power emblem, 18
Lactation, milk white stone for, 2
power of, 10
Lead, 52
amulet for swine, 3
Heqt, 12
Her, 9
Her-ne-pot, 38
Hez, 18, 36
Hezt, 17
Flour offering, 20
Flower, 50
Frog, 12
15
Heimskringla account, 3
way, 13
thumb
of,
Heh, 18
Fist clenched, 11
10
,,
,,
Finding
Fish amulet worn for fecundity, 2
.
of,
Heart, 10
,,
with necklaces, 19
,,
Hearing, power
Hedgehog, 47
emblem
Khab, 30
head, 3
,,
headed archer, 42
standing, 46
Hap, 34
Hapy, 39
19
Dwarf, 38
emblem
tablet for fever, 2
Jackal head, 13, 46
Hand
Duckling, 14, 20
Elevation,
use of amulets, 4
,,
Ivory ball worn for lactation, 2
Duat-mut-ef, 39
emblem
Italy, 1
H.
Dragon's head put under door

Dress of living, 20
Drink offering, 20
Durability,
35
Pharia, 35
Islam, 31
,,
of objects, 2
DJumination, 36
Intent to live, 2
Isis, 30,
of goddesses, 35
Growth of amulet system in burials, 5
Groups
Dog, 46
Dog's teeth to protect wearer from
49
Ibex, 45
Icelandic sagas,
Ikhankhala, 30
Gobbo, 38
25
Divinity, conferred by vulture,
bird, 14
I.
Galactitis, use of, 2

Garnet, 52
Gazelle, 20
Girdle of Isis, 23
Goat sucker, 49
Deehert, 18
Bet, 11
Diffusion of amulets, 1
of sun, 17
of flour on mat,
Human-headed
Hunting, skill in, 3

Hypocephalus, 30
G.
Demzedet, 25
Dentalium shell worn for teething, 2
,,
faithfulness, 3
Leg, 11
Leopard claw amulet, 2
stone, 52
Hor-am-utu, 48
Horn, 26
Limonite, 52
Lion, 45
Little auk skin amulet, 3
Hornet, 17
Horus, 30, 34, 35, 39
Hotep, 20
Human
head, 13
Lepidotus, 50
Life amulet, 14
Limestone, 52
Living, power
Lizard, 26, 48
soul, 14
56
of, 10,
25
INDEX
Lizard with forked
tail,
0.
Q.
Locust, 14
Lyncurion stone,
52
2,
Madrepore, 52
28
Quartan
Opener of the ways, 42

Operculum for the eyes,
effect of objects, 1
Mahes, 41
kneeling with palms, 18

tie,
Ea, 39
14
Ox
Earn, 44
Ram's head, 44
Ran, 21
plumes, 16
,,
Mandaite, 32
Maot, 38
Marcus, 30
as protector, 22
as ruler, 22
four sons of, 39
,,
Oracular bust, 36
Osiris, Isis and Horus, 36
Ostrich, 49
spirits, 2
fever, protection against, 24,
Opesh, 47
Oqat, 13
Malachite, 52
Malaria, 26
Man's girdle
Qeb, 11
shell,
Onkh, 14
Opal, 52
MacGregor papyrus, 6
Man
Qarmut, 49
0va
Maa-hes, 41
Malignant
Qa. 17
Objects to distract thought, 2

Ofef, 12
M.
Magic
Ob, 26
head, 19
Oxyrhynkhos, 50
Mau, 46
Basmussen's account of amulets, 3

Eaven's foot for contentment, 3
Eecord, confusion with medicine in,
Mazed, 50
Eectitude, 16
Mascots,
1,
Meaning of amulets,
Medusa head, 28
Eed
Paeanitis, 52
Pair of feathers, 17
Mekhtu, 30
Rehen, 20
sceptre, 12
,,
Remen, 11
Pear mace, 18
49
Repoti-hat, 28
Pebbles to ensure fleetness of puppies, 3

Pectoral, 24
Pectunculus violacescens shell, 27
Peh, 13
Menqaryt, 25
Mentu, 48
Menz, 10
Merneptah, 30
Pendant
Mes-zer, 10
coral amulet for menstruation, 2

Crown, 18
Sea pearl, 27
stone worn against bleeding, 2
Papyrus on a plaque, 13
Menat, 15
of, 38,
,,
Palm column, 50
Meleagrina margaritifera shell, 27

Men, 18
Mendes, goddess
,,
Rera, 47
Eising sun, 17
Ro, 17
Eoman use of name amulet,
for forehead, 29
Mikhael, 30
Penpennu, 50
crook, 18
Peseshkef, 28
Phagrus eel on case, 26
Phallus, 11
head
27
Monkhet, 21
Moon
god, protection
of,
Ph-nes-khirphi, 30
Phoenician transmission of amulet name,
Phokhos, 30
Phylax, 30
Pig, 47
23
Mormoron, 30
Moza, 11
Mummy, 23
,,
on
,,
to open
bier,
Murex ternispina
Mut, 37, 49
23
mouth
of,
scourge, 18
1
Pliny,
shell, 27
1, 2,
Polinices
N.
Power
badge, 21
mamilla
shell,
27
Sabaoth, 30
Sabkhet, 25
of the senses, 9
over property, 22
behold Ea, 17
Powers, amulets of, 14
Prase, 10
,,
Nazhi, 13
Nebhat, 35
Nefer, 14
Nefertum, 38
Nehebka, 49
Sagas, 1
Sah, 23
to
Sailors, protection of, 35
Saints, 38
Salvation, 32
Pregnancy, 26, 47
mode of thought
amulets unchanged, 4
Primou, 30
Prince seated, 28
Princess, 28
Primitive
regarding
Neit, 37, 50
Principle of arrangement of catalogue, 6

Properties of stones, 52
Nekhekh, 18
Property, amulets
Nerns, 21
Nephrite stone for disease of kidneys, 2

Nephthys, 30
Nerita crassilabrum
shell, 27
Nert, 25
Nert-hent-pet-er-remtu, 25
iVea,
10
Norse Sagas,
Sapphire, 52
Sat, 48
Scarabs, 23, 24
Scorpion, 50
Seal, 22
Protection, 25, 28, 35, 42
ring, 22
Seated prince, 28
Sebek, 42, 48
Security, 28
from wild beasts, 13
Provision for writing, 21
Seed
Pskhr, 30
Ptah, 38
Seeing the sun, power

Sekhat, 44
of, 19,
Seker, 38
Purpose
1
S.
Saau, 47
Saba, 31
,,
of amulet, 1
Names, to preserve the, 21
,,
Nar, 49
Nature and magic slowly
separated,
Naur, 49
Eule in Heliopolis, 18
Sa, 20
Plumes, disc and two horns, 16
Plummet, 16
Name
dress, 21
power of Lower Egypt,

of Upper Egypt,
Pisebkhanu, 52
28
22
Seden, 21
vessel, 51
of,
Sekhemti, 18
Sekhmet, 41
of amulets, 1
Pyrites, 52
Self-reliance, to give, 2
57
Eoyal clothing, 21
Min, 37
Mitra maculosa
shell,
17
17,
17,
18
18
26
INDEX
Petersburg, collection
Strength, amulet for, 2, 3
Sumbel, 30
Selenite, 52
St.
Selk, 50
Selket, 38
Semitic origin of
name
amulet,
Sun and
Seno, 45
Seqeq, 16
Uraeus serpent, 18
Urs, 15
Urtheka, 25
Use
uraei, 22
wings, 22
Superstitions,
44
Sera,
at,
of amulets, 1
Vsekh, 20
Ushabti, 22
Uzat eye, 9, 32
Sympathetic magic, 2
Serapis, 30
Serapeum, 30
V.
Serekh, 21
Serpent, 25
head, 25
,,
headed god, 43
with arms, 49
,,
Serpent's skin, 2
Serpentine, 52
Sesh-shet, 15
Sest,
28
Set, 30,
40
animal, 46
,,
Shap, 19
Shen, 22
Shilluks,
26, 42,
46
Vigorous action, 11
Tehuti, 42, 49
Tell el Yehudiyeh, 30
Vulture, 49
theory, supposition
Voyaging
of, 2
in sky, 17
flying,
49
standing, 25
,,
with wings spread, 25

,,
Vulture and uraeus, 18
W.
Wagtail, 14
of hyena, to prevent dogs barking, 3
,,
doctrine of, 3
Si-nehem, 14
Siren for security, 2
worn
,,
Skin of mouth of bear, worn in child's cap, 3

Slave figure, 22
Sma, 11, 16
Smaragdus, 52
Smauti, 18
25
Walking, power
Waran, 48
Wealth, emblem
Tooth, 13
Sistrum, 15
bite, to avoid,
Taurt, 26, 47
Tefnut, 41
Thoth, 31
Thunderstones, use of in Italy, 3
Toad, 12
Tongue, 10
Siderites,
Snake
Vicarious double, 2
Thet, 20, 23
Shu, 37, 42
Shuti, 16
Shuttle, 50
of,
Tasmanians,
Vase, 20
Themes, 21
Themt, 25
52
Similars, amulets
Veddahs,
Tep, 9
Terebra consobrina shell, 28
Tertian fever, 26
Shepherd's stick, 18
Shrew mouse,
Varieties of amulets used in Egypt, 5

Valour, emblem of, 13
Tabu, to defy, 2
Tahuti of Panebes, 41
Tas beberte, 30
for toothache, 2, 13
Wearing
of, 11
Whaling, luck
Truth, impersonation, 38
Turbo, operculum, 27
Turin, collection at, 6
White crown, 17
Will, power of, 11
Turtle, 47
Woman
Two
Work,
,,
fingers, 51
hands side
,,
plumes, disc and horns, 16
by
in,
with offerings, 50
deceased, 22
charm, 29
to, for
Woven
side, 11
19
of,
of written charms, 2
tablet, 21
Writing
Soapstone, 52
Speaking and feeding, 16
Y.
U.
Spearhead, 21
Sphinx, male, 40
,,
female, 40
Square, 16
Stability,
Stages of
Youth, emblem
Uas, 18
Uaz, 12
emblem of, 15
human mind,
of,
13
Ulcers, 26
Z.
11, 16
Stairs, 17
Union,
Star, 51
Staurolite, 52
University College, collection

Unknown deities, 37
Stauros, 32
Uort, 11
Stone implement, 28
inscribed, Greek and non-Greek, 30
Upuatu, 42,
at, 1,
Za, 14
Zad, 15
Zebot, 22
Zebo ne dens rud, 51
46
Vr, 14
BBADBUBT, A&NBW, &
12
conferred by vulture, 25
Zet,
CO. LD., PBIKTBB8,
58
25
LONDON AND TONBEIDOE.
PLATE
ItTTt
a
SIMILARS: PARTS OF
HUMAN
BODY.
16e
PLATE
^+<sy*%V
24
e
23
?!?
SIMILARS
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE.
4
<
II
PLATE
III
PLATE IV
36
rrrr;
p r r in
Bu-
38
Till
a
39
*4*4
59 d
POWERS
SYMBOLS OF ABILITY AND AUTHORITY.
69C
59 b
PLATE V
65
69
VgZftl?*
PROPERTY
0ft'"X
FUNEREAL OFFERINGS.
PLATE
76
78
79
a
a
80
84 a
83 a
PROPERTY
"{
POSSESSIONS.
PROTECTION CELESTIAL.
VI
PLATE
PROTECTION: MUMMY, GIRDLE, FLAT SCARAB.
VI1
PLATE
PROTECTION
INSCRIBED SCARAB, BACKS.
VIII
PLATE IX
m\rm\
Kfirtf
A&WU
PROTECTION
INSCRIBED SCARAB, FRONTS.
PLATE X
PROTECTION
PECTORALS.
PLATE XI
93 *
93fl
93
PROTECT OX
I
SCARAB WITH LEGS AND WINGS.
6-
PLATE XI[
PROPERTY: VULTURE, SERPENT.
PLATE XIJI
98.
e.
99 b
99 a
101.
100. b
00.
ft
PROTECTION: CASES FOR REPTILES.
c.
PLATE XIV
WJUtjeJL
-- W w
*P $
.J*-
4
108
U 4 444*
108
110 b
09
b/.
,/N
ft
110C
112c
114
-^kjj^^^y^
PROTECTION: HORN AND SHELLS.
PLATE
123
PROTECTION: SHELLS, IMPLEMENTS, FIGURES, BULLAE.
XV
PLATE XVl
130
p
PROTECTION: FOREHEAD PENDANTS.
PLATE XVII
1'kOTKCTION
KNOTTED CORDS.
PI.A7E XVI II
PROTECTION
KNOTTED CORDS.
'
PLATE XIX
mmm
PROTECTION: CORDS, WEAVING, CHARM CASES.
PLATE XX
PROTECTION
HYPOCEH1ALI.
PLATE XXI
I'KOTKCTIOX
INSCRIBED STONES, GREEK.
PLATE XX11
136
?#* V
:
^^,Vf.
9
TACI
35 aa
PROTECTION: INSCRIBED STONES, NON-GREEK.
PLATE XX//J
136
frtVC
'.V
#*"^"^
"
ft
- . A.
t^
rr/MAlttSaK^
jjiasa&aaas
w?
PROTECTION: INSCRIBED, SEMITIC, CROSS.
>?>**
HUMAN GODS
PLATE XX IV
**
EYE OF 1IORUS.

!:
PLATE XXV
HUMAN GODS: EYE OF HORUS.
PLATE XXVI
HUMAN GODS: HORUS,
ISIS.
PLATE XXVII
HUMAN GODS: HORUS,
ISIS,
OSIRIS, NEBIIAT.
PLATE X.Xnil
157
HUMAN GODS:
OSIRIS,
HEART OK
OSIRIS.
>
'
'
PLATE XXIX
HUMAN GODS: ORACULAR
BUSTS.
PLATE XXX
169 C
173 a
173
If
175 a
175 *
HUMAN GODS: MIN TO NEFERTUM.
PLATE XXXI
180
('HUMAN GODS: DWARFS, SAINTS.
PLATE XXX11
ANIMAL-HEADED GODS
FOUR SONS OF
KA.
PLATE XXXIII
ANIMAL-HEADED GODS
SET, SPHINX,
HATHOR, KHNUMU,
BES.
PLATE XXXIV
189&
lihiir
ANIMAL-HEADED GODS
BES, TAHUTI, MAIIES.
PLATE XXXV
ANIMAL-HEADED GODS: ANHUR WITH TEFNUT, SEKHMET, BASTET.
PLATE XXXVI
ANIMAL-HEADED GODS: SHU WITH TEFNUT, JACKAL, SEBEK, TAHUTI.
PLATE XXX 17/
ANIMAL GODS:
APE, BULL, COW.
PLATE XXX VI11
ANIMAL GODS: COW, SHEEP, HARE,
LION.
PLATE XXXI X
&4
220 a
223a
220 b
'J-.JIW.
221
-
..
A
224
221
&
224j
rf
IB
229
par*
all
229 e
231
231
</
231 e
ANIMAL GODS:
LION, CAT, JACKAL.
c\x\
229
<?
229rf
PLATE. XL
232 a
rf
^^^ ^ m^L
233 C
235 a
236c
235 e
236
236
TO
236
236
J
,
237 I
236 V
23
237</
i
e
/
s
2375-
237 m
til*
n
ANIMAL GODS: SHREWMOUSE, DOG,
1'IG,
HIPPOPOTAMUS
>
>
PLATE XLI
243
^?B|
<*
-^
ap
ANIMAL GODS: REPTILES,
BIRDS.
ap
PLATE XL1I
245 h
ANIMAL GODS
BIRDS.
PLATE X I.I 11
25 5 a
-W
267
ANIMAL GODS, AND VARIOUS OBJECTS.
...
PLATE
134r
ADDENDA.
XI.1V
PLA TE XL V
221 b
t&lU
261
194^
195
221 C
l$7m
9772
^jf
is
22 p
265
258
245
ad
245 a.k
267
ADDENDA.
c.
^1
PLATE XLV1
ZZ%oc
ADDENDA.
PLATE XLVJ1
139#2
139 MB
139 T2
ADDENDA.
OF AMULETS, MACGREGOR PAPYRUS, AND DENDEREH.
LISTS
rrn
*+*
JZS\<
41
u *
ooa Ml
-^
/s:^,^
37
32
^
L
CD
Z"
'
i?
30
L%
20
10
wl
rr
3^-ff
6i
67
72-
I
can
UlsL
13
73
Q_
6S
LT1
ri
74
69
fl
yVWV\
o o
zA
1
75
XX
r*FR\
4r
AMULETS
OF OSIRIS.
ill?
2.
ZJ
9*-
2.0S
Jy
J12
'
4
5
59
Ji
IT
L^
,}i
'7 1
'J,.
f5
',
170
J?
,38
'71
01
7
1
6*
49
T
59
87-
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t>
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sc
j
ft*
re
2-"J
*Si
1/
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148
x"f
138
t)
,!-
f*
I7
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fl
/vwy
7^
75
'74:
^rO
n II
fa ft
16
V,
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T
^
Co
,.
'
Q
D
<fr
E H
us
EL F\
^N>
L7T1
DEN D
"9"
/VW*
55
60
70
_E_
xT
ya
59
li
47
53
L
64
46
/r
/S/>^v ^i,..
5.
N/
(
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o>
57
61
////
<]^
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51
Si
s^
/T
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tf
^
^^
66
\^r
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2.?
M4- 1/
24
SU-
01
riM
t7
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13
i9
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F=<F=
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35
^f
'7
ja
^^
^
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40
;3
r
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T 33
f" tt
34
39
45-
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44
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cm
16
-*sT
43
4=
ZQ
4f-
-^^^L
42.
31
S^S*
XLVIII
tf
138
(73-
BRONZE AMULET,
'
VXA
XVX- BA
rouR-
HEADED
XAXVX'
BAXAZIXVX RAM
135aa.
XLIX
PLANS OF AMULETS
ON MUMMIES.
KjJ^
WA
HA
R.
HO K UZA
HAWARA
/
ICHT
UTPER.
*&
LtrT
KM
ra
ARM
BEADS
UP PER
HAND ClIMCKtD
LETT
O =Ss
c3
2."
IN
RIGHT HAND
To S"'"
ON 2.""
COUP RING ON
HAND
3*- D
Cf3
H
&
a
^>-
^>
.O.
'** SILVER.
>l
,*K
B.D
*/
"a
ON riNOERS Ar
TOES COLD 1-LATCS,
^A (_b CI LT.
OH WMiTS GOLD J.ANPS
PENIS &OLD SHEATH
<
MATERIALS
A/
'**i!iH(rt
GOLD
BIRVL
CAI\ N EL AN
D DIORITE
F GH.EEN FELS PAR

G OAEEN &LA-2.E
H HAEMATITE
J
JASPER, RED
U HHJLI
N Black limestone
oasioiAN
R TE
TSTEATIT
SYENITE
Y YELLOW LIMESTONE
W WHITE
o
R D
L'
.f
HAWARA
HAWARA 4
UNDER
Z AD IN
"
^Zxl\
^
HAWAKA6./?^
A LUMP
ID
Is
[raTO \
- 11
STRUNC
TOGETHER
1NEBHAT
13
ZAD
AZ
HORUS
2.
TAHUTI
1 ISIS
I
3
i
I
I
Khn umu
FOR.E
SCARABS
double bull
|FHMi;EI\
SHU
RA
ALL
G-
FP
PLANS OF AMULETS
NEBE&HEH
NE&ESHEHD,
ff
fff 2.
wkI4t/|_
DENDEHEH
DENDEKEH
OL
II
ON MUMMIES.
DENDEREH
Lll
PLANS OF AMULETS
ON MUMMIES.
20
DENDE
in
DENDER.EH
I
DENDEREH
5"00
12-
DENDEREH
DENDEREH
ISO
DENDEKEH
oc,e.
LIII
INDEX
TO AMULETS
IN POSITION, PLS.
L-
L1II
LIV

Amulets W M F Petrie 1914

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AMULETS

ILLUSTRATED BY THE EGYPTIAN COLLECTION IN

HON. F.S.A. (SCOT.), A.R.I.B.A., MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY,

D.C.L., LL.D., L1TT.D., PH.D., F.R.S., F.B.A.,

CONSTABLE & COMPANY LTD

The Principles of Amulets.

Wagtail, ur. (3)

29. Duckling, za. (2) .

The belief in amulets

33. Counterpoise, menat.

35. Zad. (34)

32. Sistrum. (3)

Material for study.

Two arms, Tea. (1)

Double crown on neb. O

Pear mace. (20)

Figure with necklaces.

64. Gazelle. (1)

Jackal head. (27)

68. Altar with cakes. (5)

54. Shepherd's stick, uas. (10)

25. Tooth. (8)

Papyrus sceptre. (26)

Leopard head. (1)

12. Fist clenched. (17)

43. Disc of sun. (2)

~y4. Eye. (4)

47. Hornet. (4)

46. Stairs. (1)

41. Pair of feathers. (1)

39. Ostrich plumes. (11)

bird, ba. (5)

The doctrine of similars

71. Collar. (2)

72. Clothing. (5).

80. Seal ring. (1)

Sun and wings. (2)

/85. Crescent. (8)

90. Scarab, inscribed. (26)

93. Scarab winged. (8)

Vulture standing. (7)

96. Serpent. (7) .

Amphisbaena on case. (2)

106. Coral. (1)

107. Cypraea shell. (7)

112. Meleagrina shell. (12)

114. Pedunculus shell. (2)

115. Polinkes shell. (1)

118. Helix shell. (8)

121. Oliva shell. (2)

122. Terebra shell. (2)

126. Seated prince. (2)

129. Bulla. (12)

135. Inscribed stone, Greek. (26)

201. Sebek. (1)

203. Serpent-headed god. (4)

206. Baboon. (12)

Hathor cow on square.

213. Hare. (4)

219. Lion. (16)

Lion and bull fore-parts.

224. Cat. (16)