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Shirk Uloohiyyah wal Ruboobiyyah

Shirk is to direct the names, attributes or functions of Allah (swt) towards anyone or
anything other than Him. It is completely wrong to translate or understand shirk to mean
"idol worship", as a person does not necessarily need to physically worship an idol to
become a Mushrik (a disbeliever who associates partners with Allah). Likewise, it is also
wrong to say that shirk only means to attribute a son or friend to Allah; this is partly
correct but not completely.As explained in the first line of this article, shirk is to associate
someone or something with Allah (swt); for example, Allah is al-Hakam (the Only
Legislator). Anyone who takes this exclusive name of Allah (swt) and attributes it to
someone other than Him is committing shirk, and will hence become a Mushrik
(disbeliever). Likewise, Allah is al-Khaaliq (the Only Creator). Any person who attributes
this name to someone other than Allah (i.e. by believing that so-and-so also has the power
of creation), will become a Mushrik. This proves the fact that you do not need to believe
that Jesus is the son of God (na'oodhubillah) or bow down to an idol to become a kaafir.
You can also become kaafir just by sitting in one place and doubting Allah or believing
that man has the right to legislate law etc. The type of shirk that most people commit
nowadays is Shirk ul-Uloohiyyah.

Tawheed ul-Uloohiyyah is the absolute right of Allah (swt) to be worshipped, elevated,


obeyed, and for all ritual acts to be offered for His sake alone. All ritual acts should not
be offered to anybody but Allah, such as Salaah, Du’aa (supplication), at-Tahaakum
(arbitration), Jihaad, Da’wah, commanding good and forbidding evil, slaughtering and
fasting etc. Therefore, for a person to commit Shirk ul-Uloohiyyah it does not mean that
he disbelieves in Allah (i.e. in His existence). Rather it occurs when a person offers ritual
acts to Allah and/or somebody else. For example, a person obeys Allah and the British
kufr law, or prays to Allah and Krishna etc. This type of Tawheed (Uloohiyyah) requires
the believer to exclusively worship Allah and offer none of his ritual acts to anyone other
than Him. Allah (swt) says:"O you who believe (Muslims)! Do not take the Jews and the
Christians (the non-Muslims as Awliyaa' (friends, allies, supporters etc.)…"(EMQ al-
Maa-idah, 5: 51)

This verse is an example of Tawheed ul-Uloohiyyah as Allah (swt) forbids us to take the
disbelievers as Awliyaa' (friends, supporters, allies etc.). In other words, it is a verse
commanding obedience to Him, and to not ally with the disbelievers. Anybody who
obeys Allah and something or somebody else is committing Shirk ul-Uloohiyyah (or
Shirk ut-Taa'ah – shirk of obedience).Tawheed ur-Ruboobiyyah on the other hand, is to
believe in the Lordship of Allah.

This means that you believe in all His names and attributes, such as He is the Creator, the
Provider, and the Most-Gracious etc. Verses in the Qur’aan that speak about the Lordship,
attributes or functions of Allah (swt) are verses of Tawheed ur-Ruboobiyyah. Hence,
those who commit Shirk ur-Ruboobiyyah are people who do not believe in Allah’s names
and attributes. However, even the Kuffaar usually believe in Allah, that He is the Creator,
the Provider and the Judge etc.

Therefore, most people become Mushrik by committing Shirk ul-Uloohiyyah (i.e. they do
not offer their ritual acts exclusively to Allah, as they believe man also has the right to
legislate etc.). Allah (swt) says in His Book:"All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the
mankind." (EMQ al-Faatihah, 1: 1)

This verse is an example of Tawheed ur-Ruboobiyyah as Allah speaks about His attribute
of being ar-Rabb (the Lord). To conclude, it is vital for us to understand that shirk is not
only just to say: "Jesus is the son of God". Rather it also involves directing any of Allah's
attributes, names or functions to anyone or anything other than Him. Examples or
manifestations of shirk are: joining the parliament (as it involved legislating, which is an
exclusive function of Allah), following your desires (obeying and worshipping yourself),
arbitrating (to solve a dispute) to anybody other than Almighty Allah etc.

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