Sweeteners

Sugar by Any Other Name

Average Amerlcan consumes
22-28 Leaspoons of added
sugars per day
8esulLs ln 330-440 empLy
calorles per day
MosLly ln form of hlgh-
frucLose corn syrup and Lable
sugar (sucrose)
All added sugars have same
negauve meLabollc eecLs
!"#$%&' ls a dlsaccharlde - also referred Lo
as Lable sugar, ln uS, lL's Lhe only
sweeLener LhaL can be called sugar" on
labels
()*+' &"-)$ ls broken down ln Lhe body Lo
half frucLose and half glucose
!"#$%& ()*% +#),) -. /)00)"%)
!"-)$ .'$#'/0 1$"#0%&' .'$#'/0 2+"#%&'
Clucose or dexLrose 0 100
Corn syrup 0 100
Maple syrup 48.3 31.3
8rown sugar 49.3 49.3
Molasses 49.3 49.3
LvaporaLed cane [ulce (sucrose) 30 30
8aw sugar (sucrose) 30 30
1able sugar (sucrose) 30 30
Poney 30.3 44.3
Crange [ulce concenLraLe 31 49
Crape [ulce concenLraLe 32 48
Plgh-frucLose corn syrup (PlCS) 33 43
Apple [ulce concenLraLe 66.3 33.3
Agave 88 12
lrucLose 0 100
1-23 45607%86 2#6#9#*%
:-+! 45607;)8 3<;)8 =%#,6>,%?%0@ 3A07, BCDB
Sugar and Body Fat
lrucLose ln ma[orlLy of added
sugars seems Lo boosL llver,
muscle and vlsceral faL
Lxcesslve faL - no mauer where
locaLed - lncreases rlsk of lnsulln
reslsLance and dlabeLes
lauy llver and vlsceral faL may
lncrease rlsk Lhe mosL
!"#$%& ()*% +#),) -. /)00)"%)
Research: SSB and Fr uit Juice
o Lvery 12 oz servlng of sugar-sweeLened beverage
you drlnk per day ls 13 lncreased rlsk for
dlabeLes
o Consumpuon of frulL [ulces may be assoclaLed
wlLh lncrease rlsk of dlabeLes (ln women)
o Plgher consumpuon of SS8 assoclaLed wlLh more
welghL galn and hlgher rlsk Lype 2 dlabeLes ln
women, Lhrough excess calorles & large amounLs
of rapldly absorbable sugars
27#9%6%* :#0%. BCDC 4)EFGGHDDI&BJKKLMG.F 27#9%6%* :#0%. BCCM (5,FGDHKI&DGDDLK.F (3N3. BCCJFBOBHMI&OBKLOGJ.

Nonsugar Sweeteners
o used by food manufacLurers Lo sweeLen foods
o lnclude saccharln, asparLame, acesulfame k,
sugar alcohols and sLevla
o ulerlng levels of chemlcal sLablllLy,
sweeLness, usefulness ln baklng/cooklng
o Cngolng debaLe regardlng safeLy
Saccharin
o llrsL nonsugar aruclal sweeLener ln uS
o 200-700 umes sweeLer Lhan sugar
o 1970s, Canadlan sLudy, bladder cancer ln raLs
o Cenerally consldered safe ln moderauon
o lnexpenslve Lo produce, sLable
o SweeL 'n Low, Sugar1wln
Aspar tame
o 1wo amlno aclds (phenylalanlne and asparuc
acld) bonded LogeLher
o 60-200 umes sweeLer Lhan sugar
o Llke sugar: 4 kcal/gram, buL 200 x as sweeL
o used ln sugar-free beverages, noL for cooklng
o Lab anlmal sLudles - cancer, noL ln humans
o nuLraSweeL, Lqual
Phenyl ketonuria (PKU)
o Ceneuc condluon
o CannoL meLabollze amlno acld phenylalanlne
o lf he Loo hlgh, braln damage, reLardauon
o Low proLeln foods
o no asparLame
Acesul fame K
o SalL LhaL conLalns poLasslum
o used exLenslvely ln Lurope, uS approval 1998
o 200 umes sweeLer Lhan sugar
o ls heaL sLable, used ln refrlgeraLed and frozen
desserLs, yogurL, dry desserL mlxes, candles,
gum, syrups, alcohollc beverages
o Suneu, SweeL Cne, oen used w/ oLher
sweeLeners
Sucral ose
o SLarLs wlLh sugar, undergoes processlng -
chlorlnaLed sugar molecule
o 600 umes sweeLer Lhan sucrose
o WaLer soluble and sLable, used ln many
foods and beverages
o Splenda
Sugar Al cohol s
o nelLher sugars nor alcohols
o olyols" - sugar molecule wlLh muluple alcohol groups
auached
o Cccur naLurally ln planLs - frulLs
o Less sweeLness and calorles of sucrose: 2-3 kcal per
gram
o SorblLol, mannlLol, and xyllLol
o Sugar-free gums, mlnLs, candles, LooLhpasLes
o Lxcesslve amounLs - laxauon eecL, dlarrhea
Stevia
o uerlved from sunowers of C and S Amerlca
o Calorle-free
o 2008: luA ln uS now classles as a sweeLener
o Cnly SweeL
1M
, urevla
1M
, 8eb-A
1M
, 8eblana
1M
,
SweeLLeaf
1M
, 1ruvla
1M

Acceptabl e Dail y Intakes
Sweetener Brand Name
ADI/body
weight
Amount in 12
oz. soft drink
Amount in 1
packet
Aspartame
Equal
Nutrasweet
50 mg/kg 200 mg 35 mg
Acesulfame-K
Sunett
Sweet One
15 mg/kg 40 mg 50 mg
Sucralose Splenda 5 mg/kg 70 mg 5 mg
Saccharin Sweet n Low 5 mg/kg 140 mg 40 mg
For More Infor mation
o Medllnelus SweeLeners - sugars:
hup://www.nlm.nlh.gov/medllneplus/ency/
arucle/002444.hLm
o nuLrluon and lood Web Archlve Aul
CalculaLor:
hup://www.nafwa.org/sweeLener.php