g Transformer

Load Short Circuit Calculator

e GE Transformer & Short Circuit Calculator

Simple Calculations will furnish base
current and extend current capability for
Simple Calculations identified transformers as well as maximum
short circuit current based on infinite MVA
at transformer pirmary.
Detailed Calculations Detailed Calculations will provide base
load current and short circuit currents for
identified transformers considering primary
Transformer Tables MVA and impedance details for transformer
and Utility. Transformer
Tables will provide based and extend rating
currents for various sizes and types of
transformers.

09/14/2009, 03:55:05, 22038752.xls, Cover Sheet

g
Transformer Load And
Short Circuit Current Calculator

e Short Circuit and Current Calculations with X/R and Utility Impedance
Go To Simple Calculations Go To Main Sheet
Click above if you wish to include X/R ratios and better Utility information.
Choose from the drop down menu or fill in the blanks were required.
Red triangles indicate additional comments.

Source Data
Are you assuming Infinite Source?
Select worse case or known source Impedance
If KNOWN, enter Additional Source Data below . . . .
Known
Additional Source Data:
Primary Short circuit Amps = 20000
Enter Data Here
Reactance/Resistance Ratio (range 5-12): X/R1 = 10

Transformer Data
Capacity: kVA=
2500
Transformer Primary Voltage: Volts (kV) line-line=
13800
Transformer Secondary Voltage:
Transformer Impedance:
Volts (kV) line-line=
%Z= 5.75
480 Enter Data Here

Impedance Tolerance:
Reactance/Resistance Ratio (range 5-12):
%=
X/Rt= 12
7.5 Enter Data Here
1

Rated transformer secondary current (calculated): I(xfrmr)= 3007 Amps Calculated

Source Impedance Calculation (%Z1):

Primary Short Circuit kVA:
SCkVA1 = SCAmps1 x Primary Volts (kV) x 1.732 = 478046 kVA
Source Impedance: %Z1= kVAt X 100% = 0.52296 %Z
SCkVA1
Vector Components of Source Impedance (%Z1):
%X1 = %Z1 x sin[arctan(X/R1)] = 0.52037
%R1 = %X1 = 0.05204
X/R1

Transformer Impedance Calculation (%Zt):

Vector Components of Transformer Impedance (%Zt): 5.68 %Z Including Tolerance
%Xt = %Zt x sin[arctan(X/Rt)] = 5.65540
%Rt = %Xt = 0.47128
X/Rt

Total System Impedance Calculation(%Ztot):

Add vector components: %Xtot = %X1 + %Xt = 6.17576
%Rtot = %R1 + %Rt = 0.52332
%Ztot = 6.19790

Short Circuit Availability at Transformer Secondary

SC Amps2= 100 x I(xfrmr) = 48,517 Amps Calculated
%Ztot
Resistance/Reactance Ratio: X/R2 = 11.80 Calculated

Motor Contribution Calculation

Motor Contribution: 2.0 x rated motor load current at 208Y/120 volts
4.0 x rated motor load current at 240, 480, and 600 volts 50% of Xfmr Current
SCAmps(motor)= 4 X 1504 Amps = - Amps Calculated

Total System Short Circuit Availability

SC Amps2 + SCAmps(motor) = 48,517 Amps Calculated

Provided Courtesy of GE Industrial Systems

Transformer Secondary Impedance Source
Transformer Type OL Primary voltage Motor load
Contact marcelo.valdes@indsys.ge.com if you have any comments KVA Voltage Tolerance Impedance
1 Dry type, with fans 1.33 1 250 1 208 1 115000 1 0 1 0% of Xfmr Current 0 1 Known 1
2 Dry type, 80 deg rise 1.3 2 500 2 380 2 100000 2 7.5 2 10% of Xfmr Current 10 2 Infinite (or unknown)
0
3 Dry type, 115 deg rise 1.15 3 750 3 480 3 64000 3 20% of Xfmr Current 20
4 Cast coil, with fans 1.4 4 1000 4 2300 4 38000 4 30% of Xfmr Current 30
5 Padmount, 55/65 deg rise 1.12 5 1500 5 4160 5 27000 5 40% of Xfmr Current 40
6 Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 55/65 deg. Rise 1.12 6 2000 6 12000 6 21000 6 50% of Xfmr Current 50
7 Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, with fans 1.15 7 2500 7 12470 7 17000 7 60% of Xfmr Current 60
8 Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 55/65 deg. Rise 1.12 8 3000 8 13800 8 13800 8 70% of Xfmr Current 70
9 Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, with fans 1.25 9 4000 9 12470 9 80% of Xfmr Current 80
10 5000 10 4160 10 90% of Xfmr Current 90
11 7500 11 2300 11 100% of Xfmr Current 100
12 10000 12 480

7 1.33 7 2500 3 480 8 13800 2 7.5 6 50 1 Known 1

09/14/2009, 03:55:06, 22038752.xls, With Utility and XR ratios

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

e Transformer Calculations without X/R and Utility Impedance

Go To Detailed Calculations Go to Main Sheet
Click above if you wish to include X/R ratios and better Utility information.
Choose from the drop down menue or fill in the blnk were required.
Red triangles indicate additional comments.

Transformer Type Cast coil, with fans, 33%

Transformer KVA 2500 kVA
Secondary Voltage 480 Volts
Nominal Impedance 5.75 %
Impedance Tolerance 7.5 %
Motor load 100 % of xfmr kVA

Nominal Secondary Amperes 3,007 Amps Calculated

Maximum SC Current 56,218 Amps Calculated
Max SCA with Motor Contribution 68,247 Amps Calculated
Extended current rating 133 % Calculated
Extended Rating Amperes 3,999 Amps Calculated
Provided Courtesy of GE Industrial Systems
Contact marcelo.valdes@indsys.ge.com if you have any comments

Rev C 04/02/02, MEV

09/14/2009, 03:55:06, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

Transformer Type OL

1 Dry type, 150 deg rise, no fans 1

2 Dry type, 150 deg rise, with fans 1.33
3 Dry type, 80 deg rise, no fans 1.3
4 Dry type, 80 deg rise, with fans 1.73
5 Dry type, 115 deg rise, no fans 1.15
6 Dry type, 115 deg rise, with fans 1.53
7 Cast coil, with fans, 33% 1.33
8 Cast coil, with fans, 40% 1.4
9 Cast coil, with fans, 50% 1.5
10 Padmount, 65 deg rise 1
11 Padmount, 55/65 deg rise 1.12
12 Liquid filled, 65 deg rise, no fans 1
13 Liquid filled, 55/65 deg rise, no fans 1.12
14 Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 65 deg rise, with fans 1.15
15 Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 55/65 deg rise, with fans 1.29
16 Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 65 deg rise, with fans 1.25
17 Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 55/65 deg rise, with fans 1.4

7 1.33

1 Dry type, 150 deg rise, no fans 1

2 Dry type, 150 deg rise, with fans 1.33
3 Dry type, 80 deg rise, no fans 1.3
4 Dry type, 80 deg rise, with fans 1.73
5 Dry type, 115 deg rise, no fans 1.15
6 Dry type, 115 deg rise, with fans 1.53
7 Cast coil, with fans, 33% 1.33
8 Cast coil, with fans, 40% 1.4
9 Cast coil, with fans, 50% 1.5
10 Padmount, 65 deg rise 1
11 Padmount, 55/65 deg rise 1.12
12 Liquid filled, 65 deg rise, no fans 1
13 Liquid filled, 55/65 deg rise 1.12
14 Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 65 deg rise, with fans 1.15
15 Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 55/65 deg rise, with fans 1.29

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

16 Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 65 deg rise, with fans 1.25

17 Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 55/65 deg rise, with fans 1.4

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

Transformer KVA Secondary Voltage

1 250 1 208
2 300 2 380
3 500 3 480
4 750 4 600
5 1000 5 2300
6 1500 6 4160
7 2000 7 12000
8 2500 8 12470
9 3000 9 13800
10 4000
11 5000
12 7500
13 10000

8 2500 3 480

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

Impedance Tolerance

1 0
2 7.5

only "0" and "7.5" needed

2 7.5

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

Motor load

1 0
2 10
3 20
4 30
5 40
6 50
7 60
8 70
9 80
10 90
11 100

11 100

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

09/14/2009, 03:55:07, 22038752.xls, Simple Xfmr Calcs

g Revision 2
July 2 ,1996
Transformer cheat sheet
data\xfmr_01.xls

e GE Transformer Currents for Substation & Pad Mount Transformers

Nominal amperes at nameplate kVA, all transformer types

kVA 13,800 12,470 12,000 4,160 480 380 208 Volts
40000 1,675 1,854 1,927
25000 1,047 1,159 1,204 3,474
20000 838 927 963 2,779
15000 628 695 723 2,084
10000 419 464 482 1,390
7500 314 348 361 1,042
5000 209 232 241 695 6,021 7,606
4000 168 185 193 556 4,817 6,085
3750 157 174 181 521 4,516 5,704
3000 126 139 145 417 3,613 4,563
2500 105 116 120 347 3,011 3,803
2000 84 93 96 278 2,408 3,042 5,558
1500 63 70 72 208 1,806 2,282 4,169
1000 42 46 48 139 1,204 1,521 2,779
750 31 35 36 104 903 1,141 2,084
500 21 23 24 69 602 761 1,390
300 13 14 14 42 361 456 834
Amps = kVA X 0.042 0.046 0.048 0.139 1.204 1.521 2.779

Maximum amps for Oil/Silicon filled 65 deg, fan rating

kVA Nominal X 1.25 (or 1.15)
10000 524 579 602 1,737 1.25 X FA
7500 393 435 452 1,303 1.25
5000 262 290 301 868 1.25
4000 209 232 241 695 1.25
3750 196 217 226 651 5,645 1.25
3000 157 174 181 521 4,516 5,704 1.25
2500 131 145 151 434 3,763 4,754 1.25
2000 96 107 111 320 2,770 3,499 6,392 1.15
1500 72 80 83 240 2,077 2,624 4,794 1.15
1000 48 53 55 160 1,385 1,749 3,196 1.15
750 36 40 42 120 1,039 1,312 2,397 1.15

Maximum amps for Oil/Silicon filled 65/55deg rise, fan rating

kVA Nominal X 1.12 X 1.25 (or 1.15)
10000 586 649 674 1,945 1.25 X FA
7500 440 487 506 1,459 1.25
5000 293 324 337 973 1.25
4000 235 260 270 778 1.25
3750 220 243 253 729 1.25
3000 176 195 202 584 5,058 1.25
2500 147 162 169 486 4,215 5,324 1.25
2000 108 119 124 358 3,102 3,918 1.15
1500 81 90 93 268 2,327 2,939 5,369 1.15
1000 54 60 62 179 1,551 1,959 3,579 1.15
750 40 45 47 134 1,163 1,469 2,685 1.15

GE Industrial Systems Page 15 By Marcelo E. Valdes, PE.

g Revision 2
July 2 ,1996
Transformer cheat sheet
data\xfmr_01.xls

Maximum amps for Dry type, 150 deg rise, FA rating

Nominal X 1.33
kVA 13,800 V 12,470 V 12,000 V 4,160 V 480 V 380 V 208 V
5000 279 308 320 924
4000 223 247 256 739
3750 209 231 240 693 6,006
3000 167 185 192 554 4,805 6,069
2500 139 154 160 462 4,004 5,058
2000 111 123 128 370 3,203 4,046
1500 84 92 96 277 2,402 3,035 5,544
1000 56 62 64 185 1,602 2,023 3,696
750 42 46 48 139 1,201 1,517 2,772
500 28 31 32 92 801 1,012 1,848
300 17 18 19 55 480 607 1,109

Maximum amps for Dry type, 115 deg rise, FA rating

kVA Nominal X 1.15 X 1.33
5000 320 354 368 1,063
4000 256 284 295 850
3750 240 266 276 797
3000 192 213 221 638 5,526
2500 160 177 184 531 4,605 5,816
2000 128 142 147 425 3,684 4,653
1500 96 106 111 319 2,763 3,490 6,376
1000 64 71 74 213 1,842 2,327 4,251
750 48 53 55 159 1,381 1,745 3,188
500 32 35 37 106 921 1,163 2,125
300 19 21 22 64 553 698 1,275

Maximum amps for Dry type, 80 deg rise, FA rating

kVA Nominal X 1.30 X 1.33
5000 362 401 416 1,201
4000 290 321 333 961
3750 272 301 312 901
3000 217 240 250 721
2500 181 200 208 601 5,205
2000 145 160 167 480 4,164 5,260
1500 109 120 125 360 3,123 3,945 7,207
1000 72 80 83 240 2,082 2,630 4,805
750 54 60 62 180 1,562 1,973 3,604
500 36 40 42 120 1,041 1,315 2,402
300 22 24 25 72 625 789 1,441

GE Industrial Systems Page 16 By Marcelo E. Valdes, PE.

g Revision 2
July 2 ,1996
Transformer cheat sheet
data\xfmr_01.xls

Maximum amps Oil filled Padmount, 55/65 deg rise

Nominal X 1.12
kVA 13,800 V 12,470 V 12,000 V 4,160 V 480 V 380 V 208 V
5000 235 260 270 778
4000 188 208 216 622 5,395
3750 176 195 202 584 5,058
3000 141 156 162 467 4,046 5,111
2500 117 130 135 389 3,372 4,259
2000 94 104 108 311 2,697 3,407 6,225
1500 70 78 81 233 2,023 2,556 4,669
1000 47 52 54 156 1,349 1,704 3,112
750 35 39 40 117 1,012 1,278 2,334
500 23 26 27 78 674 852 1,556
300 14 16 16 47 405 511 934

Extended ratings formulas

Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA

Fans = 125% Fans = 115%
55/65deg rise = 112% 55/65deg rise = 112%

Dry type Padmount, 55/65 deg rise

Fans = 133% At 65 deg rise = 112%
115deg rise = 115%
80deg rise = 130%

Cast coil
Fans = 140%
For some manufacturers can vary from 133% to 150%.

Liquid fill primary substation 12MVA and larger

Two levels of fans are available each 33% of base kVA., 166% max.
55/65 deg rise rating provides an additional 12% for a maximum of 186%.

Notes:

*Padmount transformers larger than 2500 kVA are not specifically described in the ANSI standards
neither are fan cooled ratings. Installation of fans would specifically contravene the tamper resis-
tant requirements of the ANSI standards. Fans are not recommended for Padmounted transformers.
*Padmount transfomers loadbreak separable connectors are limited to 200 amperes maximum.
*Padmount transfomers dead front primary bushings are limited to 600 amperes maximum.
*Padmount primary under oil switches are limited to 400 amperes maximum.
*Padmount transformer's internal fuses are very limited above 1500kVA, separate protection is often
required.

All transformer secondaries are, generally, limited to 5000 amperes maximum.

For all 480V transformers 3000 kVA & larger take consideration of secondary short circuit current
as it could exceed 65,000 amperes and hence require special secondary distribution equipment.
Motor contribution not included !

GE Industrial Systems Page 17 By Marcelo E. Valdes, PE.

g Revision 2
July 2 ,1996
Transformer cheat sheet
data\xfmr_01.xls

Impedances and short circuit currents

Maximum AIC at the secondary terminals of a transformer can be derived as follows:

(Transformer nominal full load current/%Z) X 100 X 1.075 = Short circuit current.
with infinite short circuit kVA available on primary.

Example:
1 nominal current 2500kVA at 480V is 3,011 amps, nominal Z% is 5.75
SCA = (3,011/5.75) X 100 X 1.075 = 56,293 amps symmetrical RMS

2 nominal current 3000kVA at 480V is 3,613 amps, nominal Z% is 5.75

SCA = (3,613/5.75) X 100 X 1.075 = 67,547 amps symmetrical RMS

If primary short circuit current is limited it can be incorporated into the calculations
as follows:

SSCA = TFLC/((TkVA/PSCkVA)+(Z% X 0.925/100))

SSCA = Secondary short circuit amps.

TFLC = Transformer full load current, secondary.
TkVA = Transformer kVA.
PSCkVA = Primary short circuit kVA. (In medium and high voltage parlance
short circuit currents are expressed in MVA or kVA)

Example:
1 Above 2500kVA with 400MVA available at medium voltage primary.
SSCA = 3,011/((2500/400,000) +(5.75 X 0.925/100)
SSCA = 3,011/((25/4,000) + (0.0532))
SSCA = 3,011/0.05945
SSCA = 50,650 A RMS symetrical

2 Above 2500kVA with 200MVA available at medium voltage primary.

SSCA = 3,011/((25/2,000) + (0.0532))
SSCA = 3,011/0.0657
SSCA = 45,830 A RMS symetrical

An additional consideration are motor loads connected on the low voltage side of the transformer.
The conservative way to take motor contribution into consideration is to use the full load current of
all the motors connected, multiply by 4 and add to the transformer supplied short circuit current.

Note that above 2500 kVA you can easily have more than 65 kAIC!

GE Industrial Systems Page 18 By Marcelo E. Valdes, PE.