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Comparison: Solaris vs Linux | Wikiconsole

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Comparison: Solaris vs Linux

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Jun

Comparison: Solaris vs Linux

This article helps experienced Solaris Administrators to familiarize with Linux OS and to provide reference for Solaris to Linux usage. This document provides relative comparison between Solaris and Linux operating systems and helpful for experienced Solaris administrators for administrating and maintenance of Linux systems. Linux is considered as UNIX like o.s. and is originated as a project in 1991 by Linus Tornaldis in Finland. The features such as multi threaded processing, virtual memory, priority scheduling in Linux has same as of UNIX. It supports over 30 file systems and has driver for more than 1800 hardware components. In Linux system libraries are present in /lib and application libraries are present in /usr/lib. But Solaris does not make this distinction since /lib is symbolically linked to /usr/lib. In Solaris OE, /bin is symbolically linked to /usr/bin. In Linux these directories are different and distinction is made between system binaries that goes into the /bin and application binaries that goes into /usr/bin. In Solaris application binaries are installed in /opt or /usr/local. S ome of the r elative compar isons betw een S olar is and Linux Pur pose S olar is Linux

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Maximum no of user ID

2147483647

65535

Allow/ Deny remote login etc/default/login{CONSOLE=/dev/console}/etc/securetty{ttype1}

User nobodys id Group nobodys id Administrator command List file systems in allocation in Kbytes Pattern scanning and Processing Language

60001 , 65534 60001,65534 admintool df k nawk

99 99 linuxconf df awk/gawk ps -aux rpm -i rpm e lpq lpd Printtool gcc konsole/gnome- terminal /etc/hosts minicom tcpdump routed rpm u

List process status with all ps ef process running add a software package Remove a software package LP Statistics Printer daemon Add printer tool C compiler GUI terminal program Hosts IP address Serial port access Program Network packet Sniffer Routing daemon Install a software patch/update snoop in.routed patchadd lpstat lpsched lpadmin p pq cc Xterm/dtterm /etc/inet/hosts tip Pkgadd Pkgrm

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patch/update Start a process with a given priority Change the priority of a running Process Actively report process statistics Add a user account Enable swap devices tables Find a file Mount a file system Internet daemon Maximum no of pseudo terminals Install boot program Show run level Trace a process file installboot who -r truss find / -print | grep xxx useradd /sbin/swapadd prstat priocntl s priocntl -e

Comparison: Solaris vs Linux | Wikiconsole

nice renice top adduser /sbin/swapon fdisk locate xxx mount -t type xinetd { BSD}3000 {SYSV} 256 lilo /sbin/swapon s runlevel strace tar xzvf file

Manipulate disk partition format

mount -F typeof type <type> inetd 176

Display swap information swap -l

Unbundle compressed tar gzcat file | tar xvf -

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Comparison: Solaris vs Linux | Wikiconsole

In Solaris, virtually all software is documented in manual pages. The same is not true of Linux. While most of the basic UNIX commands, system calls, libraries, and system configuration files are documented in manual pages, other commands and Software is documented in HOWTO and README files. Many rpm packages install the source code documentation under /usr/doc and /usr/share/doc. Solaris device nodes are under a device path hierarchy in the /devices directory. These device nodes are then symbolically linked to the /dev directory so that somewhat meaningful names can be associated with them. Linux uses only a /dev directory and does not employ a device hierarchy. The Solaris kernel is entirely modular. Solaris kernel searches for modules from the following four directories in this order: /platform/uname -i/kernel /platform/uname -m/kernel /kernel /usr/kernel Linux modules are located in /lib/modules/uname -r. Module r elated compar ison betw een S olar is and Linux Pur pose S olar is Linux

List loaded modules Load a module Unload a module Install a new module Get module parameters

modinfo modload modunload add_drv ndd get

lsmod modprobe/insmod rmmod depmod* modinfo p (or)/proc file system Interface

Set module parameters Module major number Module aliases

ndd set /etc/name_to_major /etc/driver_aliases

sysctl / proc file system interface fixed list if not using devfs alias option in /etc/modules.conf

Swap space can be allocated as a file or a partition in Linux. As in Solaris, any swap partitions defined in the file system table (/etc/fstab in Linux) are activated at boot time. Configuration of an interface from the command line is accomplished the same as in Solaris with the ifconfig command. Since there is no STREAM support in Linux, there is no concept of plumbing the interface. Once the driver is loaded and associated to an interface name via an alias in the /etc/modules.conf file, an ifconfig <interface> up is all that is needed to activate it. By contrast in Solaris, an ifconfig <interface> plumb is necessary to allow the IP streams driver to use this interface before an ifconfig <interface> up is issued. The command line options for adding default route are slightly different for Solaris and Linux For Solaris

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route add default 192.168.3.254 For Linux route add -net default gw 192.168.3.254 metric 1

Comparison: Solaris vs Linux | Wikiconsole

The start up Scripts, rc scripts to bring up networking are entirely different in Solaris and Linux, but they achieve similar results. Solaris uses /etc/init.d/network and /etc/init.d/inetinit to bring up the necessary interfaces, routes, and protocols. Linux uses /etc/init.d/network to bring up the necessary interfaces, routes, and protocols, but this script calls other scripts from the directory /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts. The actual network configuration for a Linux machine is defined in the file /etc/sysconfig/network as a series of Environmental variables. This file is sourced from all the network configuration scripts. It can be manipulated manually, but the program netconfig is normally used to make modifications to it. In Linux, there are two different automounters. The first, autofs, was developed in Linux and is the default used for most Linux distributions. The second automounter, came from BSD UNIX but has been ported to many operating systems, including Linux. They are both somewhat different in implementation than the Solaris automounter, but serve the same purposes. In Linux autofs is capable of providing access to other types of network file systems and local hardware, such as diskette and CD-ROM drives. In this latter capacity, it serves a purpose similar to that of vold in Solaris. Regarding the network troubleshooting, there is not much difference between Solaris and Linux. The netstat, rpcinfo, nfsstat commands are usually used. The major difference is in the tool used for packet sniffing. For Solaris it is Snoop command and for Linux it is tcpdump. The equivalent to snoop -d <interface is tcpdump -i <interface>.

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