CE 152 HYDROLOGY a. Introduction b. Solar radiation c. Temperature d. Stable and unstable air e. Humidity f. Wind g. Precipitation h. Evapotranspiration i.

Streamflow j. Flood probability k. Subsurface water Hydrology-study of movement, distribution and quantity of water throughout the earth. Water covers 70% of the earths surface 3 Total volume=1.5 km o Saltwater=95% o Freshwater=5% Frozen=4% Liquid-1% Groundwater=.98 Lakes-.01 Soil=.002 Rivers-.002 Biological-.005 Branches of hydrology o Chemical hydrology o Ecohydrology o Hydrogeology o Hydroinformatics o Hydrometeorology o Isotope hydrology o Surface hydrology Related fields o Aquatic chemistry o Civil engineering o Climatology o Environmental engineering o Environmental wngineering sciences o Geomorphology o Hydrography o Hydraulic engineering o Oceanography o Physical geography Quantifying groundwater flow and transport o Aquifer cahracterization Flow direction Piezometer Conductivity Geophysical methods Quantifying surface water o Stream guage o Tracer techniques o Chemical transport o Sediment transport and erosion o Stream-aquifer exchange Quantifying hyrologi exchange o Precipitation Bulk rain Disdrometer Radar Rain gauge Satellite Sling psychometer Remote sensing o Land based sensor o Airborne sensors o Satellite sensors

Water quantity o Saple collection o Insitu methods o Physical measurements o Collection of samples to quantify organic compounds o Collection of samples to quantify inorganic compounds o Analysis of aqueous organic compounds o Analysis of aqueous inorganic compounds o Microbiological sampling and analysis Integrating measurement and modelling o Budget analyses o Parameter estimation o Scaling intime and space o Data assimilation o Quantity control of data Applications of hydrology o Determining the water balance of a region o Determining the agricultural water balance o Designing riparian restoration projects o Mitigating and predicting flood, andslide and drought risk o Real-time flood forecasting and flood warning o Designing irrigation schemes and managing agricultural productivity o Providing drinking water o Designing bridges o Designing dams for water supply and hydroelectric power generation o Designing sewers and urban drainage system o Hydriopower o Water cycle o Water distribution on earth o Wataer management o Hydrology Water cycle describes the continuos movement of water on above and below the surface of the earth Different processes o Precipitation Forms Drizzle Rain Snow Sleet Hail stone Dew Fog Mist Composition of atmosphere o Gase Nitrogen=78.048 Oxygen 20.946 Ar-.934 Carbon dioxide-.33 Trace gases-.033 o Liquids o solids structure of the atmosphere o troposphere o stratosphere ozonosphere o mesosphere o thermosphere ionosphere magnetosphere o exosphere impact of humanity in the atmosphere o a change in composition and a change in heat content RESULT DUE TO CONGESTED URBAN CENTERS DUE TO COMBUSTION DUE TO IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL o Change in the actual gaseous composition of the atmosphere which have serious effect on health