Ralph Nader and the Revolution of Vehicle Safety

Sarah Lopez Mia Pedroza Kendall Stephens

Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Books

Ralph Naders Preface to Unsafe at Any Speed. 1965. Ralph Naders Unsafe At Any Speed. Nader, Ralph. 31 Oct 2013. <http://www.autolife.umd.umich.edu/Design/Gartman/Books/BK_Unsafe_Any_Speed .htm>. Online. This site shows Ralph Naders ideas on how to decrease the risks and injuries by changing the process of manufacturing cars. Ralph Naders book, Unsafe At Any Speed, was introduced in 1965 creating a new perspective towards car safety. Due to this book car manufactures have changed their products to be more durable than they were in the years before decreasing the number of injuries and deaths.

Interviews
Smith, Stephen. Ralph Naders 50 years of Fighting for Car Safety. Orlandosentinel.com .Web.2009. Orlando Sentinel. 2013. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/orl-subizsmith-auto-column071209071209jul12,0,27609.column> <

An interview with Ralph Nader looking back on the past 50 years and the impact that he has made in the automobile industry. He goes into detail about his dreams of the past, and how those have come to life over the years, as well as how much of an impact he had on cars.

Photographs
"Automotive History: 1960-1963 Chevrolet Corvair." Curbside Classic. 10 Dec. 2013. <http://www.curbsideclassic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Corvair-Ad1959_1.jpg>. Online. This image represents propaganda that was used by Chevrolet to spread to the public of the new model, Corvair, that they have created. They advertised the new engine set and how the car would accommodate all passengers for more leg room and more comfort.

"Automotive History: 1960-1963 Chevrolet Corvair Car Crash." Curbside Classic. 10 Dec. 2013. <http://www.curbsideclassic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Corvair-kovacs1.jpg>. Online. This image shows the model Corvair by Chevrolet after it has been in an automotive accident and the damage that has been done. The lack of support brought by the frame of the car differs from what Chevrolet has advertised making costumers turn away from their products. This made the car manufacture take a different approach on how a car should be built. Chui,Jeff. Ralph Nader. 2008. Denver.www.theguardian.com. Web. Dec 8,13. This is a picture of Ralph Nader in front of the US flag. We could use this in our display board and also use it to show what he looks like. This photo is extra powerful because it shows him without US flag showing how he impacted our history and how he changes things for the better for the people of the united states. Nave, R. Non Stretching Seatbelt. Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu. Web. 2013 A picture and small article explaining the lengths a seatbelt will go to, and the weight and amount of force that is put upon it, and the driver during a crash. Time Magazine. The Consumer Revolt. 1969. New York. Web. Dec 8,13. This a photograph of the front cover of Time Magazine in 1969. Its a cartoon of Ralph Naders face with the photo being labeled as The Consumer Revolt. We will use this in our display and will use it to show his popularity that he gained. This is a secondary source because its someone elses drawing of Ralph Nader that he did not directly publish.

Videos
Nader, Ralph. "Ralph Nader on Automotive Industry." YouTube. 05 Feb. 2010. 09 Dec. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEo_EfMkGNw>. Online. This interview shows Ralph Nader speaking about his life and his experiences that led up to the publication of his book Unsafe At Any Speed. He discusses the real life issues of the time before car safety was revolutionized to keep their passengers away from danger.

Ralph Nader: Biography, Accomplishments, Books, Car Safety, History, Views. Youtube Youtube.Web.Dec 6.13 This video is a two hour interview with Ralph Nader discussing all the books he has written and on any political issue he has talked about before. It gives us plenty of quotes we can use on our project and gives us his direct feelings and opinions that he discussed in his book. Whats also great about this interview is that it discusses the things that he has been criticized for and also lets us see other stuff he has worked on. This is a primary source because its a direct interview with Ralph Nader talking. Ralph Nader on How He Came to Write:Unsafe at Any Speed. Youtube. Youtube.Web. Dec 8,13. This video is a speech directly on how he came to write his book Unsafe at Any Speed. It also discusses his opinion on how to build your way up and get your voice heard by people to really make a difference. This is a primary source because its a direct video of a speech that Ralph Nader is giving. Seatbelts Video Think! : Roadsafety. Think.direct.gov.uk. Web. 2008. UK Department of seatbelts.html> Transportation. 2013 <http://think.direct.gov.uk/video-

A video depicting the many causes of death that are probably when one is not wearing a seatbelt. This video issued by the UK government serves as a warning to the general public of what would happen without seatbelts.

Websites
Ralph Naders 50 Years of Fighting for Car Safety. 2009. Orlando Sentinel. C Smith, Steven. 31 Oct 2013. < http://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/orl-subizsmith-auto-column071209071209jul12,0,27609.column> This site shows how automobile safety has to follow new regulations since Ralph Naders book, Unsafe at Any Speed. Since the book automobile doors must be secured so they do not open during an accident, cockpits increased visibility by simplifying controls, and interior nobs and sharp edges were removed to reduce injuries. Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes. 2011. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 31 Oct 2013. < http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/Main/index.aspx>. Online. This site illustrates the number of motor vehicle crashes between the years of 1995 to 2011. Between the years the numbers have significantly decreased due to the new laws for vehicle manufactures.

Politics Delayed Car Safety. The Nader Page. July 13,1977. Web. <www.nader.org/1997/07/13/politics-delayed-car-safety/> This is an article that Ralph Nader published on his website about his happiness on the new stricter laws on car safety. He writes about how he thinks people will react and different peoples opinions. We will use this is a result category showing how his work pays off and the difference he makes in car safety. Ralph Nader. Ralph Nader Quotes. Brainyquote. N.d. 3 Oct, 13.Web. <www.brainyquote.com> This website gives exact quotes from Ralph Naders speeches, or books. They show mainly quotes about presidential election but also include a couple from his book Unsafe at Any Speed. Ralph Nader: What Id do differently. Car and driver. September 2009. 3 Oct, 13.Web. <www.caranddriver.com> This website is an interview with Ralph Nader and a professor about his book. It discusses his opinion on car safety and also what he would like to see the outcome as. This is primary because its a direct interview from Ralph Nader directly. Think.direct.gov.uk. Web. 2008. UK Department of Transportation.2013. < http://think.direct.gov.uk/seat-belts.html> This website is all about a program formed by the UK government about driver safety. A Visitor of this site can learn the statistics, create a crash simulation, and even watch videos explaining the many dangers. The one danger they stress the most on this site, is not wearing seatbelts. Traffic Safety Facts. NHTS. 2003. 3 Oct 2013. <http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/809762.pdf>. Online. This website provides statistics for the number of vehicle accidents throughout the year 2003. This information helps compare the rate of vehicle accidents and how the safety has changed over the years. Vehicle accidents have been proven to be the leading cause of death for people between the ages of eight to fourteen. 2010 Motor Vehicle Crashes. NHTS. 2010. 3 Oct 2013. <http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811552.pdf>. Online. This site shows the number of car accidents in the year 2010, along with the number of deaths and injuries. Many accidents are caused by alcohol impaired drivers that often crash or run over pedestrians. The location has significantly impacted the number of accidents bringing rural areas to have a higher number than urban.

Secondary Sources Articles

"Automotive History: 1960-1963 Chevrolet Corvair GMs Deadliest Sin?" Curbside Classic 10 Dec. 2013. <http://www.curbsideclassic.com/automotive-histories/automotive-history-19601963chevrolet-corvair-gms-deadliest-sin/>. Online. Between the years 1960 to 1963 Chevrolet introduced a new way of manufacturing compact cars. The new idea developed by the company was to set the engine in the back of the car and the trunk in the front of the car. The purpose was to allow more space and focus on the comfort of the passengers. Do You Know?Searcylaw.com. Web. 2013 < http://www.searcylaw.com/do-you-know/dyk-vehicle-safety/> This article provides a clear description of what automobiles were like before Ralph Nader made his Impact. It reminds the reader of all the hazardous features on most cars, all of the non-existent features that we take for granted today, that werent on the cars, and finally, what cars would be like without the help of the Civil Justice System. Ford, Steve. Car Safety History: Airbags to ABS.Thecarguy.com. 2013 <http://thecarguy.com/articles/airbags.htm> This article addresses the safety movement of the 1950s and 60s. It explains the importance of seatbelts, ABS, air bags, and traction control. With all these components, only then is a car safe. Highway Safety Act of 1966 Reference. 2013. eNotes. Landsberg, Brian. 3 Oct 2013. <http://www.enotes.com/topics/highway-safety-act-1966> Online. This site shows that Ralph Naders book, Unsafe at Any Speed, has changed the way society views safety laws. The government has begun to enforce the ideas of Nader and has passed many laws to restrict what happens on highways. The Safety Act of 1966 restricts the number of cars that are able to be on toll roads, reducing the number of accidents. "President Johnson Signs the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act." History. A&E Television Networks. 10 Dec. 2013. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-johnson-signs-the-nationaltraffic-and-motor-vehicle-safety-act>. Online. On September 9, 1966 President Lyndon Johnson signed the Traffic Motor Vehicle Safety act that was initiated by Ralph Nader. This document set the standards that vehicle manufacturers must follow in order to meet the new law standards.

"Ralph Nader." The Biography Channel. 2013 <http://www.biography.com/people/ralph-nader-9419799> A biography of Ralph Naders life, illustrating how he got to the point he is at today, and what drove him to keep moving forward. Teenage Driver Crash Statistics. 2011. California Department of Motor Vehicles. Web. 31 Oct 2013. <http://www.dmv.ca.gov/teenweb/more_btn6/traffic> Online. This site explains the leading causes of death for teen drivers in the year 2011. Without law enforcement the amount of deaths or injuries would greatly increase due to the mistakes of young drivers. Lack of skill and responsibility will greatly impact the risks of an automobile accident. Vehicle Safety Checklist. Checklist.com. Web. 2013 <http://checklist.com/vehicle-safety-checklist/> A list of components that make up a good and safe car. Most of these components would not have even been a concern before Ralph Nader.

Biographies
Ralph Nader. 2013. NNDB. 3 Oct 2013. <http://www.nndb.com/people/788/000023719/>. Online. This site provides an overview of the background of Ralph Nader and what led him to write his novel, Unsafe at Any Speed, that would later change the way car manufactures would revolutionize the safety in their products. This article explains how the expectations of car safety have changed over the years. Nader focused on enforcing seat belts, changing the frames of cars, and strengthening windshields Ralph Naders 50 Years of Fighting for Car Safety. 2009. Orlando Sentinel. C Smith, Steven. 31 Oct 2013. < http://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/orl-subizsmith-auto-column071209071209jul12,0,27609.column> Online. This site shows how automobile safety has to follow new regulations since Ralph Naders book, Unsafe at Any Speed. Since the book automobile doors must be secured so they do not open during an accident, cockpits increased visibility by simplifying controls, and interior nobs and sharp edges were removed to reduce injuries.

Websites
Booth, David. Ralph Nader a driving force for safety. The national. 24 Nov, 2010. 3 Oct, 13 . Web.< www.thenational.ae> This is an article about David Booths opinion about Ralph Naders book unsafe at any speed. It gives an outsiders opinion on a book without any connection with Nader. This is secondary because this is a random person opinion based off of what they know. Carguy2carguy.com. Web. 2013 <http://carguy2carguy.com/> This website is by the same writer of Car Safety: Airbags to ABS.(Steve Ford) This entire site focuses on car culture and engineering. With several articles on safety, and a contact address, this site, or the writer of it could easily become a primary source with one phone call. Cartalk.com. Web. 2013 <http://www.cartalk.com/> This site is a great source. It is jam-packed full of new car info, old car info, old mechanics files, and many other resourceful documents to use in the Research of Ralph Nader. Most of the information on this site is just meant to compare old cars with new cars, yet these comparisons give us a look into the way old cars, such as cars from the 70s were made, and what safety regulations were placed in them. Consumer Reports. September 3. Oct,312013.Web. <http://www.consumerreports.org> This website gives soon to be new car owners the statistics on cars. I specifically looked at the different cars and which ones are rated better for safety and why. This is a secondary source because these are other peoples and researchers opinions. This will be used in any graphs for our project or on car safety in the modern day. Gorzelany,Jim.Forbes.Janurary 2012. Oct, 31 2013.Web. < http://www.forbes.com/sites> This website shows the safest cars for the year of 2012 and the different companies that make the cars. We will use this is comparing how technology has impacted car safety and how its grown through the years. We will use this in a timeline or graph showing different companies and how they have grown. Harley Hahn. Interesting people RALPH NADER. Harley Hahn. N.d. 3 Oct, 13. Web. www.harley.com This website gives background information about Ralph Nader and his education from college till whats he has accomplished now. This is secondary because this is not a specific document but just a background article written by someone other than Nader.

Lectriclimited.com. Web. 2013 <http://www.lectriclimited.com/frequently_asked_questions.htm> A website hosted by Jay Lenno about old cars, car questions, and how to work with them. This information helps explain how cars work with and withour Ralph Naders safety regulations. Nader.org. Web. 2013 <http://nader.org/> A website dedicated to all of Ralph Naders achievements, new and old, and attempts to better America. On the Issues.July 4 2013.Web.0ct 31, 2013. < http://www.ontheissues.org/celeb> This website is a political reference for Ralph Nader. It describes his political position and also all that he has accomplished. It talks about his books, presidential election, speeches, and any public event he was involved in. Its useful to talk about his opinion on certain information and subjects. We will use this in all areas of our report. Ralph Nader.NNDB.Soylent Communitcations.N.d.Oct 31,2013.Web. <http://www.nndb.com/people/> This website gives background information on Ralph Nader and his book Unsafe at Any Speed. It also describes his presidential election although we will not use this at information in our report. This is a secondary source because its an outsider giving information on someone else from what they know. We will use his in describing his background and his book background.