Definition of biosensor:

A biosensor is an analytical device consisting of an immobilized layer of biological

materials(e.g enzyme, antibody organelle, hormones, nucleic acids or whole
cells)in the intimated contact with a transducer i.e. sensor(a physical component)
which analysis the biological signals and converts into an electrical signal.

Principe of biosensor:
The biological materials of a sensor are enzymes, antibody, hormones, nulieic acid
or cells. They are immobilized in a sensor. The substance to be measured pass
through the membrane and inter act with the immobilized materials and yield the
product. A product may be heat electrons, hydrogen ions or the product of
ammonium ions. The product passes through another membrane to the
tranducer.The transducer converts products into electrical signal which is
amplified.The signal processing equipment convert the amplified signals into a
display most commonly the electrical signal which can be read out and recorded.

Application of biosensor:
In the beginning biosensor was applied in the field of medicine and the
industry.But in recent years,biosensors are becoming popular in many areas due
to small size,rapid, and easy handling,low cost and greater sensitivity and
selectivity.

a. Uses in Medicine and Health

 To detect of blood glucose
 To delivers accurate amount amount of insuline required by the
diabeties.
 To detect cancer producing chemicals such as mitomycine ,aflatoxin
etc.
 To detect abnormal toxic substance produced in body.
b. Uses in pollution
 For monitoring and control environmental pollution.
 It is used for quality control of drinking water.
 For monitoring of pesticides in water.
 Used for measuring biological oxygen demand.
 Used to measure mutagenicity and carcinogeneity of several
chemicals.

c. Usesin Industry.
 To estimate the fermentation products
 To improve the feedback control .
 To carry out rapid sampling and rejection of below standard raw
materials.
 To measure cholesterol levels in butter.
 RASEL (55)

DE
PT. OF ESRM

MBS
TU,TANGAIL.