Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Orlando, Florida
AIAA 2009-259
A review of the classic techniques used to solve ablative thermal response problems is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of both the finite element and finite difference methods are described. As a first step in developing a three dimensional finite element based ablative thermal response capability, a one dimensional computer tool has been developed. The finite element method is used to discretize the governing differential equations and Galerkins method of weighted residuals is used to derive the element equations. A code to code comparison between the current 1-D finite element tool and the 1-D Fully Implicit Ablation and Thermal response program (FIAT), a NASA-standard finite difference tool, has been performed.
Nomenclature
A Bi
B
Bc Bg B
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
area, m2 pre-exponential factor for the ith resin component non-dimensional charring rate non-dimensional pyrolysis gas rate at the surface total non-dimensional blowing rate Capacitance matrix Stanton number for heat transfer Stanton number for mass transfer solid material specific heat, J/kg-K pyrolysis gas specific heat, J/kg-K activation energy for the ith resin component, Btu/lb-mole recovery enthalpy, J/kg wall enthalpy, J/kg enthalpy of air evaluated at the wall temperature, J/kg pyrolysis gas enthalpy, J/kg enthalpy of formation of species i, J/kg reference enthalpy at 298K, J/kg enthalpy of pyrolysis gas, J/kg enthalpy of char, J/kg enthalpy of the boundary layer edge gas evaluated at the wall temperature, J/kg node index, resin component index (A,B,C) thermal conductivity, W/m-K Conductivity Matrix
C CH CM cp
c pg
Eai Hr Hw Hg
Tw H air = 0 i
href hg hc hw i k
Kc
*
AIAA Member, Aerospace Engineer, Structural and Thermal Systems Branch, MS 431 AIAA Fellow, David and Andrew Lewis Associate Professor of Space Technology, Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering
This material is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.
K s m mg c m
N q q*
= = = = = = = =
Convection Matrix mass flow rate of pyrolysis gas, kg/s mass flux of pyrolysis gas, kg/m2-s mass flux of char, kg/m2-s interpolation function source term in the general heat equation condensed phase energy removal, W/m2 stagnation point radiative heat flux, W/m2 stagnation point convective heat flux, W/m2 conductive heat flux, W/m2 cold wall heat flux, W/m2 hot wall heat flux, W/m2 thermochemical heat of ablation, J/kg universal gas constant, J/kg-mole-K load vector recession rate, m/s steady state temperature, C wall temperature, C initial temperature, C time, sec boundary layer edge gas velocity, m/s distance measured from the original surface of the ablating material, m distance measured from the moving surface of the ablating material, m diffusion driving potential at the boundary layer edge diffusion driving potential at the wall parameter defined only over one element solar absorptivity emissivity transpiration coefficient enthalpy of vaporization, J/kg enthalpy difference, J/kg heat of decomposition, J/kg temperature difference, C resin volume fraction residual density, kg/m3 solid material density, kg/m3 solid material density, kg/m3 boundary layer edge gas density, kg/m3 density of resin component, kg/m3 density of fiber reinforcement, kg/m3 total mass flux entering the boundary layer, kg/m2-s Stephan-Boltzman constant, W/m2-K4 density exponent factor transpiration correction factor
qrad
qconv = qcond = cw = q hw = q
Q* R R = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =