10

Application of Hankel Transform for Solving a Fracture Problem of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermal Loading
Sei Ueda
Osaka Institute of Technology Japan 1. Introduction
In this chapter, an example of the application of Hankel transform for solving a fracture problem will be explained. In discussing axisymmetric problems, it is advantageous to use polar coordinates, and the Hankel transform method is powerful to solve the general equations in polar coordinates. A brief account of the Hankel transform will be given. Here f is a function of r , its transform is indicated by a capital F , J is the th order Bessel function of the first kind, and the nature of the transformation either by a suffix or by a characteristic new variable s . It will be assumed without comment that the integrals in question exist, and that, if necessary, the functions and their derivatives tend to zero as the variable tends to infinity. The Hankel transform of order > 1 / 2 , H [ f (r )] or F ( s ) , of a function f (r ) is defined as

H [ f (r )] F ( s ) = rJ ( sr ) f ( r )dr
0

and its inversion formula is

f ( r ) = sJ (sr )F ( s )ds
0

Also, integrating by parts twice gives

d 2 f 1 df 2 H 2 + r dr r 2 dr f = s 2 F (s )

provided that rf ( r ) and rdf (r ) / dr tend to zero as r 0 and as r . The piezoelectric materials have attracted considerable attention recently. Owing to the coupling effect between the thermo-elastic and electric fields in piezoelectric materials, thermo-mechanical disturbances can be determined form measurement of the induced electric potential, and the ensuing response can be controlled through application of an appropriate electric field (Rao & Sunar, 1994). For successful and efficient utilization of

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Fourier Transform Materials Analysis

piezoelectric as sensors and actuators in intelligent systems, several researches on piezothermo-elastic behavior have been reported (Tauchert, 1992). Moreover a better understanding of the mechanics of fracture in piezoelectric materials under thermal load conditions is needed for the requirements of reliability and lifetime of these systems. Using the Fourier transform, the present author studied the thermally induced fracture of a piezoelectric strip with a two-dimensional crack (Ueda, 2006a, 2006b). Here the mixed-mode thermo-electro-mechanical fracture problem for a piezoelectric material strip with a penny-shaped crack is considered. It is assumed that the strip is under the thermal loading. The crack faces are supposed to be insulated thermally and electrically. By using the Hankel transform (Sneddon & Lowengrub, 1969), the thermal and electromechanical problems are reduced to a singular integral equation and a system of singular integral equations (Erdogan & Wu, 1996), respectively, which are solved numerically (Sih, 1972). Numerical calculations are carried out, and detailed results are presented to illustrate the influence of the crack size and the crack location on the stress and electric displacement intensity factors. The temperature, stress and electric displacement distributions are also presented.

2. Formulation of the problem

Fig. 1. Penny-shaped crack in a piezoelectric strip A penny-shaped crack of radius c is embedded in an infinite long piezoelectric strip of thickness h = h1 + h2 as shown in Figure 1. The crack is located parallel to the boundaries and at an arbitrary position in the strip, and the crack faces are supposed to be insulated thermally and electrically. The cylindrical coordinate system is denoted by (r , , z) with its origin at the center of the crack face and the plane r along the crack plane, where z is the poling axis. It is assumed that uniform temperatures T10 and T20 are maintained over the stress-free boundaries. In the following, the subscripts r, , z will be used to refer to the direction of coordinates. The material properties, such as the elastic stiffness constants, the piezoelectric constants, the dielectric constants, the stress-temperature coefficients, the coefficients of heat conduction, and the pyroelectric constant, are denoted by c kl , ekl , kk , kk ( k, l = 1, 2, 3) , r , z , and pz , respectively. The constitutive equations for the elastic field are

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Application of Hankel Transform for Solving a Fracture Problem of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermal Loading

209

where Ti ( r , z) is the temperature, i ( r , z) is the electric potential, uri ( r , z ) , uzi (r , z) are the displacement components, rri (r , z) , i (r , z) , zzi (r , z) , zri (r , z) (i = 1, 2) are the stress components. The subscript i = 1, 2 denotes the thermo-electro-elastic fields in 0 z h1 and h2 z 0 , respectively. For the electric field, the constitutive relations are

uri u u + c12 ri + c13 zi + e31 i 11Ti , r z z r u u u i = c 12 ri + c11 ri + c13 zi + e31 i 11Ti , r z z r ( i = 1, 2) uri uzi i uri zzi = c13 + c13 + c 33 + e33 33Ti , r z z r i uzi uri zri = c 44 + + e15 z r r

rri = c11

(1)

where Dri (r , z) , Dzi ( r , z) (i = 1, 2) are the electric displacement components. The governing equations for the thermo-electro-elastic fields of the medium may be expressed as follows:

(i = 1, 2) u u u Dzi = e31 ri + e31 ri + e33 zi 33 i + pzTi r r z z

u u Dri = e15 zi + ri 11 i , z r r

(2)

2Ti
2 r

2uri 1 uri uri 2uri 2uzi 2i Ti c11 r 2 + r r r 2 + c44 z2 + ( c13 + c44 ) rz + ( e31 + e15 ) rz = 11 r , 2uzi 1 uzi 2uri 1 uri 2i 1 i 2uzi 2i c44 r 2 + r r + c33 z2 + ( c13 + c44 ) rz + r z + e15 r 2 + r r + e33 z2 2uzi 1 uzi 2uri 1 uri 2i 1 i 2uzi 2i + + + + + + e15 e e e ( ) 33 15 31 11 33 2 2 2 r r r r z z2 r rz r z r

1 Ti 2Ti + z2 = 0 (i = 1, 2) r r

(3)
Ti = 33 , (4) z (i = 1, 2) Ti = pz z

where 2 = r / z . The boundary conditions can be written as

T1 (r , 0) = 0 (0 r < c ) z T1 (r , 0) = T2 ( r, 0) (c r < )

(5)

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Fourier Transform Materials Analysis

T1 (r , h1 ) = T10 , T1 (r, 0) = T2 ( r, 0), (0 r < ) z z T2 (r, h2 ) = T20 for thermal loading conditions and
(0 r < c ) zz1 ( r , 0) = 0 uz 1 (r , 0) = uz 2 (r , 0) (c r < )

(6)

(7)

(0 r < c ) ur 1 (r , 0) = ur 2 ( r , 0) (c r < ) Dz 1 (r , 0) = 0 (0 r < c ) 1 (r, 0) = 2 (r , 0) (c r < )

zr 1 (r , 0) = 0

(8)

(9)

zz1 (r , 0) = zz 2 (r , 0), zz1 (r , h1 ) = 0, zz 2 (r , h2 ) = 0, zr 1 (r , 0) = zr 2 (r , 0), zr 1 (r , h1 ) = 0, zr 2 (r , h2 ) = 0, (0 r < )

Dz1 (r , 0) = Dz 2 (r , 0), Dz1 (r , h1 ) = 0, Dz 2 (r , h2 ) = 0 for the electromechanical conditions.

(10)

3. Temperature field
For the problem considered here, it is convenient to represent the temperature as the sum of two functions.
Ti ( r , z) = T (1) ( z) + Ti(2) ( r , z) ( i = 1, 2)

(11)

where T (1) ( z) satisfies the following equation and boundary conditions:

d 2T (1) =0 dz2 (12)

and Ti(2) ( r , z) (i = 1, 2) is subjected to the relations:

T (1) ( h2 ) = T20

T (1) ( h1 ) = T10 ,

(13)

2Ti(2) 1 Ti(2) 2Ti(2) + + = 0 (i = 1, 2) 2 r r z2 r

(14)

(2) d T1 (r , 0) = T (1) (0) (0 r < c ) dz z (2) (r , 0) (c r < ) T1(2) ( r, 0) = T2

(15)

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Application of Hankel Transform for Solving a Fracture Problem of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermal Loading

211

T1(2) (r , h1 ) = 0, (2) (2) T1 (r , 0) = T2 (r , 0), (0 r < ) z z (2) T2 ( r , h2 ) = 0 It is easy to find from Eqs.(12) and (13) that T (1) ( z) = 1 {(T10 T20 ) z + T10 h2 + T20 h1} h1 + h2

(16)

(17)

By applying the Hankel transform to Eq.(14) (Sneddon & Lowengrub, 1969), we have

where Dij ( s) (i, j = 1, 2) are unknown functions to be solved and ij (i, j = 1, 2) are given by

Ti(2) ( r, z) = Dij (s) J 0 ( sr )exp(s ij z)ds (i = 1, 2)

2 j =1 0

(18)

11 = 22 = , 12 = 21 =

(19)

Taking the second boundary condition (15) into consideration, the problem may be reduced to a singular integral equation by defining the following new unknown function G0 (r ) (Erdogan & Wu, 1996):
(2) (2) (r , 0) T (r , 0) T2 G0 (r ) = r 1 0

(0 r < c ) (c r < )

(20)

Making use of the first boundary condition (15) with Eqs.(16), we have the following singular integral equation for the determination of the unknown function G0 (t ) :

(2) (1) (t, r ) are given by In Eq.(21), the kernel functions M0 (t, r ) and M0

0t {M0
c

(1)

(2) ( t, r ) + M 0 (t, r ) G0 (t )dt =

h1 + h2

2 T10 T20

(0 r < c )

(21)

2 1 r E (r < t ), 2 2 t r t (1) M0 (t, r ) = r t t 2 1 E K r t ( ) + > t(t 2 r 2 ) r rt r

2 ( s ) 2 ( s ) (2) M0 (t, r ) = s 1 + 1 J 0 ( sr ) J 1 (st )ds 0 0 (s )

(22)

(23)

where K and E are complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind, and k (s) ( k = 0, 1, 2) are given by

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212

0 (s ) = 2 ( s){1 exp( 2 s h1 )} 1 (s ){1 exp( 2s h2 )} , i (s ) = i 1 i 2 exp( 2 s hi ) (i = 1, 2)

Fourier Transform Materials Analysis

(24)

Once G0 (t ) is obtained from Eq.(21), the temperature field can be easily calculated as follows:
(2) Ti(2) ( r, z) = Tij (r , z) (i = 1, 2) 2

j =1

(25)

where

(2) Tij ( r, z) = Rij (s)R0 (s ) J 0 (sr )exp( s ij z)ds (i, j = 1, 2) 0

(26)

with
R0 (s ) = tG0 (t ) J 1 (st )dt ,
c

On the plane z = 0 , the temperatures Ti(2) (r , 0) (i = 1, 2) are reduced to

2 (s) , 0 (s ) (s) R21 (s ) = 1 , 0 (s)

R11 (s ) =
0

(s ) R12 (s ) = 2 exp( 2s h1 ), 0 ( s ) 1 (s ) exp( 2 s h2 ) R22 (s ) = 0 (s)

(27)

Ti(2) (r , 0) =

( 1)i 2

2 ( 1)i G0 (t )dt + Rij (s) R0 (s ) J 0 ( sr )ds (i = 1, 2) 0 2 j =1

(28)

4. Thermally induced elastic and electric fields

The non-disturbed temperature filed T (1) ( z) given by Eq.(17) does not induce the stress and electric displacement components, which affect the singular field. Thus, we consider the elastic and electric fields due to the disturbed temperature distribution Ti(2) ( r , z ) (i = 1, 2) only. It is convenient to represent the solutions uzi (r , z ) , uri (r , z ) and i (r , z ) (i = 1, 2) as the sum of two functions, respectively.
(2) uzi (r , z) = u(1) zi ( r , z ) + uzi ( r , z ), (1) (2) uri (r , z) = uri (r , z) + uri (r , z), (i = 1, 2) i (r , z) = i(1) ( r, z) + i(2) (r , z)

(29)

(1) (1) where u(1) zi ( r , z ) , uri ( r , z ) , i ( r , z ) ( i = 1, 2) are the particular solutions of Eqs.(4) replaced (2) (2) (2) (r , z) , i(2) (r , z) (i = 1, 2) are the general solutions of Ti by Ti , and uzi (r , z) , uri

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Application of Hankel Transform for Solving a Fracture Problem of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermal Loading

213

homogeneous equations obtained by setting Ti = 0 (i = 1, 2) in Eqs.(4). In the following, the superscripts (1) and (2) indicate the particular and general solutions of Eqs.(4). Substituting Eqs.(29) into Eqs.(1) and (2), one obtains stress rri (r , z ) , i (r , z ) , zzi (r , z ) , zri (r , z ) and electric displacement Dri (r , z) , Dzi (r , z) (i = 1, 2) expressions. Using the displacement potential function method (Ueda, 2006a), the particular solutions can be obtained as follows: (1) zri Rij (s )R0 (s ) J 1 (sr )exp(s ij z)ds , (r, z) = p(1) 2 ij 0 j =1 2 (1) (1) Dzi (r, z) = p3ij Rij ( s)R0 (s) J 0 ( sr )exp(s ij z)ds , 0 j =1 (i = 1, 2) 2 1 ( 1) (1) uzi ( r , z) = p4 ij Rij (s )R0 (s ) J 0 (sr )exp(s ij z)ds , 0 s j =1 2 1 (1) (1) uri (r , z) = p R (s )R0 (s ) J 1 (sr )exp(s ij z)ds , 0 s 5 ij ij j =1 2 1 (1) i(1) (r , z) = p6 R s R s J sr s z ds ( ) ( ) ( )exp( ) 0 0 ij ij ij 0 s j =1
j =1 2

(1) (1) zzi (r , z) = p1 ij Rij ( s )R0 ( s ) J 0 ( sr )exp( s ij z )ds , 0 2

(30)

where the constants p(1) kij ( i, j = 1, 2, k = 1, 2,..., 6) are given in Appendix A. The general solutions are obtained by using the Hankel transform technique (Sneddon & Lowengrub, 1969):
(2) (2) zzi (r , z) = sp1 ij Aij ( s ) J 0 ( sr )exp( s ij z )ds , 6

where Aij (s ) (i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2,..., 6) are the unknown functions to be solved, and the constants ij and p(2) kij ( i = 1, 2, j, k = 1, 2,..., 6) are given in Appendix B.

(2) (2) zri Aij (s ) J 1 (sr )exp(s ij z )ds , ( r , z) = sp2 ij 0 j =1 6 (2) (2) Dzi (r , z) = sp3 ij Aij (s ) J 0 (sr )exp(s ij z )ds , 0 j =1 (i = 1, 2) 6 (2) u(2) zi ( r , z ) = 0 p4 ij Aij ( s ) J 0 ( sr ) exp( s ij z )ds , j =1 6 (2) (2) uri (r , z) = p5ij Aij (s ) J 1 (sr )exp(s ij z )ds , 0 j =1 6 (2) Aij (s ) J 0 ( sr )exp(s ij z )ds i(2) (r, z) = p6 ij 0 j =1
j =1 6 0

(31)

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Fourier Transform Materials Analysis

Similar to the temperature analysis, the problem may be reduced to a system of singular integral equations by taking the second boundary conditions (7)-(9) into consideration and by defining the following new unknown functions Gl (r ) ( l = 1, 2, 3) : (2) u (r , 0) u(2) z 2 ( r , 0) G1 (r ) = r z1 0

1 (2) (2) r ur 1 (r , 0) ur 2 (r , 0) (0 r < c ) G2 (r ) = r r 0 ( ) < c r (2) (2) ( r , 0) (r , 0) 2 G3 (r ) = r 1 0

(0 r < c ) ( c r < )

(32)

(33)

(0 r < c ) (c r < )

(34)

Making use of the first boundary conditions (7)-(9) with Eqs.(10), we have the following system of singular integral equations for the determination of the unknown functions Gl (t ) (l = 1, 2, 3) :

0 t[{Z11 M0
c

0 t[{Z31 M0
c

0 t[ M21 (t, r )G1 (t ) + {Z22 M1

c

(1)

(1) Z13 M0 (t, r ) +

(t, r ) + M11 (t, r ) G1 (t ) + M12 (t, r )G2 (t ) + M13

3 zz 0 ( r )

} (t, r )} G (t )]dt =
(1)

+ M23 (t, r )G3 (t )]dt = zr 0 ( r ) (0 r < c )

(1) (1) Z33 M0 ( t, r ) + (1) M1 (t, r ) ,

(t, r ) + M 22 (t, r ) G2 (t ) +

(t, r ) + M 31 (t, r ) G1 (t ) + M 32 (t, r )G2 (t ) + M 33

3

where the kernel functions

4 r t2 r 2 r r K (r < t ), E K E + 2 2 t rt t rt t t r t (1) ( t, r ) = M1 4 t t 2 1 t + > ( ) K E E r t 2 2 2 r r r t t r

M kl (t, r ) and the constants Zkl ( k, l = 1, 2, 3) are given by

} (t, r )} G (t )]dt = D

(0 r < c )

(35)

(36)

z 0 ( r ) (0 r < c )

(37)

(38)

s 0 s M kl (t, r ) = 0 s 0 s 0

{Z {Z {Z {Z

kl ( s ) Zkl

kl ( s ) Zkl

kl ( s ) Zkl

kl ( s ) Zkl

} J (sr )J (st )ds } J (sr )J (st )ds } J (sr )J (st )ds } J (sr )J (st )ds
0 1 0 2 1 1 1 2

( k = 1, 3, l = 1, 3), ( k = 1, 3, l = 2), ( k = 2, l = 1, 3), ( k = 2, l = 2)

(39)

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Application of Hankel Transform for Solving a Fracture Problem of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermal Loading
Zkl (s ) = p(2) k 1 j d1 jl ( s ), Zkl = lim Zkl ( s ) ( k, l = 1, 2, 3) 6

215

The functions zz 0 (r ) , zr 0 (r ) and Dz0 (r ) , which correspond to the stress and electric displacement components induced by the disturbed temperature field Ti(2) ( r , z) (i = 1, 2) on the r -axis in the plate without crack, are obtained as follows:
(2) T (1) zz0 (r ) = R0 (s ) p11 j d1 j ( s ) + p11 j R1 j ( s ) J 0 ( sr )ds ,

In Eq.(40), the functions d1 jl (s ) ( j = 1, 2,..., 6, l = 1, 2, 3) are given in Appendix C.

j =1

(40)

T where the functions d1 j ( s ) ( j = 1, 2,..., 6) are also given in Appendix C. These components are superficial quantities and have no physical meaning in this analysis. However, they are equivalent to the crack face tractions in solving the crack problem by a proper superposition.

j =1 j =1 2 6 (2) T (1) zr 0 (r ) = R0 ( s) p21 j d1 j (s) + p21 j R1 j (s) J 1 (sr )ds , 0 j =1 j =1 6 2 (2) T (1) Dz 0 (r ) = R0 (s ) p31 j d1 j ( s ) p31 j R1 j (s ) J 0 (sr )ds 0 j =1 j =1
0

(41)

To solve the singular integral equations (21) and (35)- (37) by using the Gauss-Jacobi integration formula (Sih, 1972), we introduce the following functions l (t ) (l = 0, 1, 2, 3) :
c+t Gl (t ) = l (t ) ( l = 0, 1, 2, 3) c t
1/ 2

(42)

Then the stress intensity factors K I , K II and the electric displacement intensity factor K D may be defined and evaluated as:

1 (c ) + Z13 3 (c ) , {2 (c r )} 1 / 2 zz1 (r , 0) = ( c )1 / 2 Z11 K I = lim r c + 2 (c ), {2 (c r )} 1 / 2 zr 1 (r , 0) = ( c )1 / 2 Z22 K II = lim + r c 1 (c ) + Z33 3 (c ) {2 (c r )} 1 / 2 Dz1 (r , 0) = ( c )1 / 2 Z31 K D = lim r c +

(43)

5. Numerical results and discussion

For the numerical calculations, the thermo-electro-elastic properties of the plate are assumed to be ones of cadmium selenide with the following properties (Ashida & Tauchert, 1998). The values of the coefficients of heat conduction for cadmium selenide could not be found in the literature. Since the values of them for orthotropic Alumina (Al2O3) are r = 21.25[W/mK] and z = 29.82[W/mK] (Dag, 2006), the value 2 = r / z = 1 / 1.5 is assumed. To examine the effects of the normalized crack size c / h and the normalized crack

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Fourier Transform Materials Analysis

location h1 / h on the stress and electric displacement intensity factors, the solutions of the system of the singular integral equations have been computed numerically.

c12 = 45.2 109 [N / m 2 ], c13 = 39.3 10 [N / m 2 ], c 33 = 83.6 10 9 [N / m 2 ], c 44 = 13.2 109 [N / m 2 ], e31 = 0.16[C / m 2 ], e33 = 0.347[ C / m 2 ], 2 e15 = 0.138[C / m ], 11 = 82.6 10 12 [C / Vm], 33 = 90.3 10 12 [C / Vm], 11 = 0.621 10 6 [N / Km 2 ], 33 = 0.551 106 [ N / Km 2 ], pz = 2.94 10 6 [CK 1m 2 ]. c11 = 74.1 109 [N / m 2 ],
9

(44)

In the first set of calculations, we consider the temperature field and the electro-elastic fields without crack. Figure 2 shows the normalized temperature (Ti ( x ) T20 ) / T0 (i = 1, 2) on the crack faces (0 r < c, z 0 ) and the crack extended line (c r 2c, z = 0) for h1 / h = 0.25 and c / h = 0.5 , where T0 = T10 T20 . The maximum local temperature difference across the crack occurs at the center of the crack. Figure 3 exhibits the normalized stress components ( zz0 (r ), zr 0 (r )) / 33T0 and the electric displacement component Dz 0 (r ) / pzT0 on the r -axis in the strip without crack due to the temperature shown in Figure 2. The maximum absolute values of zz 0 (r ) and Dz 0 (r ) occur at the center of the crack (r / c = 0.0) , whereas the maximum value of zr 0 (r ) occurs at the crack tip (r / c = 1.0) .
1

0.8 (Ti-T20)/T0

0.6
h1/h=0.25

0.4

c/h=0.5
: i=1 (z0+) : i=2 (z0 )
-

0.2

Fig. 2. The temperature on the crack faces and the crack extended line for c / h = 0.5 and h1 / h = 0.25 In the second set of calculations, we study the influence of the crack size on the stress and electric displacement intensity factors. Figures 4(a)-(c) show the plots of the normalized stress and electric displacement intensity factors (K I , K II ) / 33T0 ( c )1 / 2 , K D / pzT0 ( c )1 / 2 versus c / h for h1 / h = 0.25 , 0.5 and 0.75. Because of symmetry, the values of K I and K D

1 r/c

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Application of Hankel Transform for Solving a Fracture Problem of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermal Loading
0.01 0.06 (zz0, zr0)/33T0
h1/h=0.25 c/h=0.5

217

Dz0

0 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 Dz0/pzT0

h1 /h=0.50 h1 /h=0.25, 0.75

0.04

0.02

zr0 zz0

0 0 1 r/c

Fig. 3. The stress components zz0 , zr 0 and the electric displacement component Dz0 on the r -axis without crack due to the temperature shown in Fig. 2
0.02

(a)
h1 /h=0.25
1/2

0.04

(b)

K I/ 33T0 (c)

1/2

0.01

0.03

KII/ 33T0 (c)

2

h1 /h=0.5

0.02

-0.01
h1 /h=0.75

0.01

-0.02

1 c/h

1 c/h

0.02

(c)
h1/h=0.75

0.01
KD/pZ T0 (c)
1/2

h1/h=0.5

-0.01
h1/h=0.25

-0.02 0 1 c/h 2

Fig. 4. (a) The effect of the crack size on the stress intensity factor K I . (b) The effect of the crack size on the stress intensity factor K II . (c) The effect of the crack size on the electric displacement intensity factor K D

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for

0.75 monotonically increases with increasing c / h , but the value of K II / 33T0 ( c )1 / 2 and the
1

[KD ]h

h1 / h = 0.5
1 /h = 0.25

= [ K D ]h

are zero, and

. The absolute value of K I / 33T0 ( c )1 / 2 for h1 / h = 0.25 and /h = 0.75

1 1 1

[KI ]h /h =0.25

= [ K I ]h

Fourier Transform Materials Analysis

1 /h = 0.75

[KII ]h /h =0.25 = [KII ]h /h =0.75

with increasing c / h . The value of K I for h1 / h = 0.75 becomes negative so that the contact

absolute value of K D / pzT0 ( c )1 / 2 increase at first, reach maximum values and then decrease

of the crack faces would occur. The results presented here without considering this effect may not be exact but would be more conservative. Since the contact of the crack faces will increase the friction between the faces and make thermo-electrical transfer across the crack faces easier, the stress and electric displacement intensity factors would be lowered by these two factors. In the final set of calculations, we investigate the influence of the crack location on the intensity factors. Figure 5 indicates the effect of the crack location on K I , K II and K D for c / h = 0.5 . As h1 / h increases, the values of K I and K D tend to decrease or increase monotonically. The value of K II / 33T0 ( c )1 / 2 decreases if the crack approaches the free boundaries ( h1 / h 0.0 or 1.0) , and the peak value of K II / 33T0 ( c )1 / 2 =0.0277 occurs at h1 / h = 0.5 .
0.03
KII
1/2

0.02

(KI, KII)/33T0(c)

0.02

0.01

KD

0
KI

-0.01

-0.01 0 0.2 0.4

c/h=0.5

0.6 h1/h

0.8

-0.02

Fig. 5 The effect of the crack location on the stress intensity factors K I , K II and the electric displacement intensity factor K D

6. Conclusion
An example of the application of Hankel transform for solving a mixed-mode thermoelectro-elastic fracture problem of a piezoelectric material strip with a parallel penny-shaped crack is explained. The effects of the crack size (c / h ) and the crack location ( h1 / h ) on the fracture behavior are analyzed. The following facts can be found from the numerical results. 1. 2. The large shear stress occurs in the strip without crack due to the disturbed temperature field. The normalized intensity factors are under the great influence of the geometric parameters h1 / h and c / h .

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KD/pzT0(c)

1/2

0.01

Application of Hankel Transform for Solving a Fracture Problem of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermal Loading

219

3. 4.

For the case of h1 / h > 0.5 , mode I stress intensity factor becomes negative so that the contact of the crack faces would occur. The intensity factors of crack near the free surfaces due to the thermal load are not so large.

Appendix A

The constants p(1) kij ( i, j = 1, 2, k = 1, 2,..., 6) are

(1) 2 p1 ij = c 13 c 33 kij ij C ij e33 ij N ij 33 , 1 , p(1) c k C e N = + + 44 15 ij ij ij ij 2 ij (i, j = 1, 2) (1) 2 p3ij = e31 e33 kij ij C ij + 33 ij N ij + pz , (1) (1) p(1) 4 ij = kij ijC ij , p5 ij = C ij , p6 ij = N ij

) ) )

(A.1)

where
, (1) (2) mij + kij mij (11) (12) nij + kij nij N ij = (1) , (i, j = 1, 2) (2) mij + kij mij (21) 2 (11) ij nij + nij kij = 2 (12) (22) ij nij + nij C ij =
2 b 21 b 22 ij

(A.2)

with
(1) 2 = a41 a42 ij mij , (2) mij (11) nij (21) nij (12) nij (22) nij

{ ={ = {( = {(

2 a44 ij

(1) 2 ij , + H 4 r mij ( H 1r + H 3r ) b21 b22 ij (i , j = 1, 2) (1) 2 ij , + H 4 zmij ( H 1 z + H 3 z ) b21 b22 ij (2) 2 2 H 1r H 2 r ij b21 b22 ij + H 4 r mij ij , (2) 2 2 H 1 z H 2 z ij b21 b22 ij + H 4 zmij ij
2 , a43 ij

) ( (

)( )(

) )

) )

} }

} }

(A.3)

c44 33 + e15 e33 c + e2 c + e2 c +e e , H1z = 44 11 15 , H2 r = 33 33 33 , H2 z = 33 11 15 33 , e33 11 e15 33 e15 33 e33 11 e33 11 e15 33 e15 33 e33 11 (A.4) p e p e c +e e c +e e H3r = 13 33 31 33 , H3z = 13 11 15 31 , H4r = z 33 33 33 , H4 z = z 15 33 11 e33 11 e15 33 e15 33 e33 11 e33 11 e15 33 e15 33 e33 11 H1r =

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Fourier Transform Materials Analysis

a41 = c11 , a42 = c 44 + ( e15 + e31 )( H 1r + H 3r ), a43 = c13 + c 44 + ( e15 + e31 )H 1r , a44 = ( e15 + e31 )H 2 r , b21 = 11 , b22 = ( e15 + e31 )H 4 r

(A.5)

Appendix B

The constants ij (i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2,..., 6) are the roots of the following characteristic equations:
6 4 + g2 f 2 ) ij + ( f 4 g + ( f 4 g2 + g4 f 2 ) ij 0 + f 2 g 2 + g4 f0 2 + g0 f 2 ) j + ( f 0 g ) = 0 + ( f 2 g 0 + f 0 g 2 + g2 f 0 0 + g0 f 0

(i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2,..., 6)

(B.1)

where [ 1 j ] < [ 1 j + 1 ] , [ 2 j ] > [ 2 j + 1 ]( j = 1, 2,..., 5) and

f4 f2 f0 f2 f0

= c 44 e33 , = (c13 + c 44 )( e15 + e31 ) c11 e33 c 44 e15 , = c11 e15 , = c 33 ( e15 + e31 ) e33 (c13 + c 44 ), = c 44 ( e15 + e31 ) + e15 (c13 + c 44 )

(B.2)

g 4 = c 44 33 , g2 g0 g 2 g 0

The functions p(2) kij ( s ) ( i = 1, 2, j, k = 1, 2,..., 6) are

= ( e15 + e31 )2 c11 33 c 44 11 , = c11 11 , = e33 ( e15 + e31 ) + 33 (c13 + c 44 ), = e15 ( e15 + e31 ) 11 (c13 + c 44 )

(B.3)

where aij and bij ( i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2,..., 6) are given by

(2) p1 ij = c 13 aij + ij c 33 e33bij , = + 1 , p(2) c a e b 44 15 ij ij ij 2 ij p(2) 3 ij = e31 aij + ij e310 + 330 bij , ( i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2,..., 6) p(2) 4 ij = 1, p(2) 5 ij = aij , (2) p6 ij = bij

(B.4)

+ + g0 (i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2,..., 6) 2 (c 44 ij c11 )aij c13 c 44 bij = e15 + e31 aij =

4 g 4 ij 2 g 2 ij + g 0 2 g2 ij

(B.5)

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Application of Hankel Transform for Solving a Fracture Problem of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermal Loading

221

Appendix C

The functions dijk (s ) (i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2,..., 6, k = 1, 2, 3) are given by

where the functions q j, k (s ) ( j, k = 1, 2,..., 12) are the elements of a square matrix Q = 1 of order 12. The elements j , k (s ) ( j, k = 1, 2,..., 12) of the square matrix are given by ( j = 1, 2, 3), ( j = 1, 2, 3), j + 3, k + 6 (s ) = p(2) j 2 k exp( s 2 k h2 ) ( k = 1, 2,..., 6) ( j = 1, 2,..., 6), j + 6, k (s ) = p(2) j 1k ( j = 1, 2,..., 6) j + 6, k + 6 (s ) = p(2) j2k

d1 jk (s ) = q j, k + 9 ( s ), ( j = 1, 2,..., 6, k = 1, 2, 3) d2 jk (s ) = q j + 6, k + 9 (s )

(C.1)

j , k ( s) = p(2) j 1 k exp( s 1 k h1 )

(C.2)

T The functions dij (s ) (i = 1, 2, j = 1, 2,..., 6) are

12 T d1 j ( s ) = q j , k ( s )uk ( s ), k =1 ( j = 1, 2,..., 6) 12 T d2 j ( s ) = q j + 6, k ( s )uk ( s ) k =1

(C.3)

where uk ( s ) = uk + 3 ( s ) = uk + 6 ( s ) = R0 (s ) 2 (1) p R1 j (s)exp(s 1 j h1 ) s j =1 k 1 j ( k = 1, 2, 3), ( k = 1, 2, 3), ( k = 1, 2,..., 6)

R0 (s ) 2 p(1) R1 j (s) p(1) k 2 j R2 j ( s ) s j =1 k 1 j

R0 (s ) 2 (1) p R2 j (s)exp(s 2 j h2 ) s j =1 k 2 j

(C.4)

7. References
Ashida, F. & Tauchert, T.R. (1998). Transient Response of a Piezothermoelastic Circular Disk under Axisymmetric Heating. Acta Mechanica, Vol. 128, pp. 1-14, 0001-5970 Dag, S., Ilhan, K.A. & Erdogan, F. (2006), Mixed-Mode Stress Intensity Factors for an Embedded Crack in an Orthotropic FGM Coating, Proceedings of the International Conference FGM IX, 978-0-7354-0492-2, Oahu Island, Hawaii, October 2006 Erdogan, F. & Wu, B.H. (1996). Crack Problems in FGM Layers under Thermal Stresses. Journal of Thermal Stresses, Vol. 19, pp. 237-265, 0149-5739

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Fourier Transform Materials Analysis

Rao, S.S. & Sunar, M. (1994). Piezoelectricity and Its Use in Disturbance Sensing and Control of Flexible Structures: a Survey. Applied Mechanics Review, Vol. 47, pp. 113-123, 0003-6900 Sih, G.C. (Ed.). (1972). Methods of Analysis and Solution of Crack Problems, Noordhoff, International Publishing, 978-9048182466, Leyden Sneddon, I.N. & Lowengrub, M. (1969). Crack Problems in the Classical Theory of Elasticity, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 978-0471808459, New York Tauchert, T.R. (1992). Piezothermoelastic Behavior of a Laminated Plate. Journal of Thermal Stresses, Vol. 15, pp. 25-37, 0149-5739 Ueda, S. (2006a). The Crack Problem in Piezoelectric Strip under Thermoelectric Loading. Journal of Thermal Stresses, Vol. 29, pp. 295-316, 0149-5739 Ueda, S. (2006b). Thermal Stress Intensity Factors for a Normal Crack in a Piezoelectric Strip. Journal of Thermal Stresses, Vol. 29, pp. 1107-1126, 0149-5739

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Fourier Transform - Materials Analysis Edited by Dr Salih Salih

ISBN 978-953-51-0594-7 Hard cover, 260 pages Publisher InTech

Published online 23, May, 2012

Published in print edition May, 2012 The field of material analysis has seen explosive growth during the past decades. Almost all the textbooks on materials analysis have a section devoted to the Fourier transform theory. For this reason, the book focuses on the material analysis based on Fourier transform theory. The book chapters are related to FTIR and the other methods used for analyzing different types of materials. It is hoped that this book will provide the background, reference and incentive to encourage further research and results in this area as well as provide tools for practical applications. It provides an applications-oriented approach to materials analysis written primarily for physicist, Chemists, Agriculturalists, Electrical Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Signal Processing Engineers, and the Academic Researchers and for the Graduate Students who will also find it useful as a reference for their research activities.

How to reference

In order to correctly reference this scholarly work, feel free to copy and paste the following: Sei Ueda (2012). Application of Hankel Transform for Solving a Fracture Problem of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermal Loading, Fourier Transform - Materials Analysis, Dr Salih Salih (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-510594-7, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/fourier-transform-materialsanalysis/application-of-hankel-transform-for-solving-a-fracture-problem-of-a-cracked-piezoelectric-strip-unde

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