International Journal of Mathematics And Its Applications Vol.2 No.1 (2014), pp.41-48.

ISSN: 2347-1557(online)

Common Fixed Point Theorems for Nonself Mapping in Metrically Convex Spaces
Geeta Modi , Arvind Gupta and Varun singh 1

Head & Professor of Department Mathematics, Govt. M.V.M. Bhopal, MP, India. modi.geeta@gmail.com

Professor of Department Mathematics, Govt. M.V.M. Bhopal, MP, India. arvind533@yahoo.com

Research Scholar,

Govt. M.V.M. Bhopal, MP, India. varunsinghhh@gmail.com

Abstract : A common xed point theorem for pair of nonself- mapping is proved in complete metrically convex metric space, which generalize earlier results due to M.Imdad [6] M.D. khan [4], MS Khan [5], Bianchini [12], Chatterjea [13], and others. Keywords : Banach space, metrically convex space , xed point.

Introduction

In many applications the mappings under examination may not always be self- mapping, therefore xed point theorems for nonself-mapping from a natural subject for investigation. Assad and Kirk [8] initiated
1 Corresponding

author E-Mail:

varunsinghhh@gmail.com(Varun singh)

AMS Subject Classification:

30C15, 30C10, 26C10. c JS Publication

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the study of xed point for nonself mappings in metrically convex spaces, noticed that with some kind of metric convexity, domain and range of mapping under examination can be considered of more varied type. In recent years this technique due to Assad and Kirk [8] has been utilized by many researchers of domain and by now there exists considerable literature on this topic. To mention a few, we cite [2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Assad [7] gave sucient condition for nonself- mappings dened on a closed subset of complete metrically convex metric spaces satisfying Kannan type mappings [11] which have been generalized by M.S. Khan [5]. For the sake of completeness, we stat that main result of M.S. Khan [5]. Theorem 1.1. Let (X , d)be a complete metrically convex space and K a closed nonempty subset of X. Let T : K X be the mapping satisfying the inequality d (T x, T y ) C max {d (x, T x) , d(y, T y )} + C {d (x, T x) + d(y, T x)} for every x , y in K , where C and C are non-negative reals such that C C +C , 1C 1C C 1+C 1+C +C h, h 1C 1C C (1.1)

max max

=h >0 =h >0

max {h, h } = h > 0 Further, for every x in K , T x K . Then T has a unique xed point in K. Currently M. Imdad and Ladlay Khan [6] generalized this result as, Theorem 1.2. Let (X , d)be a complete metrically convex metric space and K a closed nonempty subset of X. if F is generalized T contraction mapping of K into X satisfying the following: 1. K T K , F K K T K 2. T x K F x K 3. (F, T ) is coincidentally commuting 4. TK is closed in X. Then F and T have a unique common xed point. Denition 1.3 ([6]). Let (X,d) be a metric space and K a nonempty subset of X.Let F , T : K X be a pair of maps which satisfy the condition (d (F x, F y )) a max 1 (d (T x, T y )) , (d (T x, F x)) , (d(T y, F y ) 2

(1.2)

+ b { (d (T x, F y )) + (d (T y, F x))} for all distinct x , y K , a , b 0 such that a + 4b < 1and let : R+ R+ be an increasing

continuous function for which the following properties hold:

Common Fixed Point Theorems for Nonself- Mapping in Metrically Convex Spaces

43

(t) = 0 t = 0,

(2t) 2(t)

Then F is called generalized T contraction mapping of K into X.

Preliminaries

We necessitate the following in the sequel Denition 2.1 ([9]). Let K be a nonempty subset of a metric space (X , d) and T : K X . The pair (F, T ) is said to be weakly commuting if for every x , y K with x = F y and T y K (T x, F T y ) d (T y, F y ) (2.1)

Denition 2.2 ([10]). Let K be a nonempty subset of a metric space (X , d) and F, T : K X . The pair (F, T ) is said to be compatible if every sequence {xn } K and from the relation
n

lim d (F xn , T xn ) = 0.

(2.2)

And T xn K (for every) n N , it follows that lim d (T yn , F T xn ) = 0 (2.3)

for every sequence yn K such that yn = F xn , n N Denition 2.3 ([3]). A pair of nonself mapping (F, T ) on a nonempty subset K of a metric space (X, d) is said to be coincidentally commuting if T x , F x K and T x = F x = F T x = T F x Denition 2.4 ([8]). A metric space (X, d) is said to be metrically convex if for any distinct x, y X, there exists a point z X with x = z = y such that (x, z ) + d (z, y ) = d (x, y ) (2.4)

Lemma 2.5 ([8]). Let K be a nonempty closed subset of a metrically convex metric space X. if x K and K , then there exists a point z K (the boundary of K) such that d (x, z ) + d (z, y ) = d (x, y ) (2.5)

Our main result runs as follows

Theorem 3.1. Let (X , d)be a complete metrically convex metric space and K a closed nonempty subset of X. Let F, T : K X be the mappings satisfying the inequality (F x, F y ) (a + b) d (F x, T x) + b [max {d (T x, F x) , d (T x, T y )} + d (T y, F y )] for every x , y K , where a , b , and c are nonnegative reals such that (3.1)

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a+b+c =h>0 1c and (i) K T K, F K K T K (ii) T x K F x K (iii) (F, T ) is coincidentally commuting (iv) TK is closed in X Then F and T have a unique common xed point. Proof. Firstly, we proceed to construct two sequences {xn } and {yn } in the following way: Let x K . Then (due to K T K ) there exists a point x0 K such that x = T x0 . Since T x K = F x K , one concludes that F x0 F K K T K . Let x1 K be such that y1 = T x1 = F x0 . Let y2 = F x1 , if y2 K , then y2 F K K T K which implies that there exists a point x2 K such that y2 = T x2 . If y2 K , then there exists a point t K such that d (T x , t) + d (t , y2 ) = d (T x1 , y2 ) Since t K T K there exists a point x2 K such that t = T x2 so that d (T x1 , T x2 ) + d (T x2 , y2 ) = d (T x1 , y2 ) Thus repeating the foregoing arguments one obtains two sequences {xn } and {yn } such that (v) yn+1 = F xn (vi) yn K yn = T xn and d (T xn1 , T xn ) + d (T xn , yn ) = d (T xn1 , yn ) . We denote P = {T xi {T xn } : T xi = yi } Q = {T xi {T xn } : T xi = yi } Obviously, the two consecutive terms cannot lie in Q. Now, we distinguish the following three cases, Case 1. If T xn , T xn+1 P then d (T xn , T xn+1 ) = d(yn , yn+1 ) = d(F xn1 , F xn ) (a + c) d (F xn1 T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , F xn1 ) , d (T xn1 T xn )} + d(T xn , F xn )] = (a + c) d (yn T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , yn ) , d (T xn1 T xn )} + d(T xn , yn+1 )] = (a + c) d (T xn , T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , T xn ) , d (T xn1 , T xn )}] + b d(T xn , T xn+1 ) (3.4) or yn K T xn K (3.3) (3.2)

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(1 b)d (T xn , T xn+1 ) (a + c) d (T xn T xn1 ) + b d(T xn1 , T xn ) (1 b) d (T xn , T xn+1 ) (a + c + b) d(T xn1 , T xn ) d (T xn T xn+1 ) Case 2. If T xn P , T xn+1 Q then d (T xn , T xn+1 ) + d (T xn+1 , yn+1 ) = d(T xn , yn+1 ) d (T xn , T xn+1 ) d (T xn , yn+1 ) = d (yn , yn+1 ) d(yn , yn+1 ) = d(F xn1 , F xn ) (a + c) d (F xn1 T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , F xn1 ) , d (T xn1 , T xn )} + d(T xn F xn )] = (a + c) d (yn T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , yn ) , d (T xn1 T xn )} + d(T xn , yn+1 )] = (a + c) d (T xn , T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 T xn ) , d (T xn1 T xn )}] + b d(T xn T xn+1 ) = (a + c) d (T xn T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , T xn ) , d (T xn1 , T xn )}] + b d(yn yn+1 ) (1 b)d (yn , yn+1 ) (a + c) d (T xn , T xn1 ) + b d(T xn1 , T xn ) (1 b)d (yn , yn+1 ) (a + c + b) d (T xn , T xn1 ) (a + c + b) d (T xn1 , T xn ) 1b Since d (T xn , T xn+1 ) d (yn yn+1 ) from(3.8). Therefore, d (yn , yn+1 ) d (T xn , T xn+1 ) (a + c + b) d (T xn1 , T xn ) 1b (3.7) (3.6) ( a + c + b) d (T xn1 T xn ) 1b (3.5)

(3.8)

Case 3. If T xn Q , T xn+1 P then T xn1 P Since T xn is the convex linear combination of T xn and yn , it follows that d (T xn , T xn+1 ) max {d (T xn1 , T xn+1 ) , d (yn , T xn+1 )}. If d (T xn1 , T xn+1 ) d (yn , T xn+1 ). Then d (T xn , T xn+1 ) d (yn , T xn+1 ) = d(yn , yn+1 ) = d(F xn1 , F xn ) (a + c) d (F xn1 , T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , F xn1 ) , d (T xn1 T xn )} + d(T xn , F xn )] = (a + c) d (yn , T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , yn ) , d (T xn1 , T xn )} + d(T xn , yn+1 )] = (a + c) d (yn , T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , yn ) , d (T xn1 , T xn )}] + b d(T xn , T xn+1 ) (1 b) d (T xn , T xn+1 ) (a + c) d (yn , T xn1 ) + b [max {d (T xn1 , yn ) , d (T xn1 T xn )}] Since d (T xn1 , yn ) + d (yn , T xn ) = d (T xn1 , T xn ) d (T xn1 , yn ) d (T xn1 , T xn ) (3.10) (3.9)

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(1 b) d (T xn , T xn+1 ) (a + c) d (yn , T xn1 ) + b d (T xn1 , T xn ) (a + c)d (T xn1 , T xn ) + b d (T xn1 , T xn ) = (a + c + b) d (T xn1 , T xn ) d (T xn , T xn+1 ) On the other hand if d(yn , T xn+1 ) d(T xn1 (a + c + b) d (T xn1 , T xn ) . 1b , T xn+1 ). (3.11)

Then d (T xn , T xn+1 ) d (T xn1 T xn+1 ) = d(yn1 , yn+1 ) from (3.9). d (T xn , T xn+1 ) d(yn1 , yn+1 ) = d(F xn2 , F xn ) (a + c) d (F xn2 , T xn2 ) + b [max {d (T xn2 , F xn2 ) , d (T xn2 T xn )} + d(T xn , F xn )] = (a + c) d (yn1 , T xn2 ) + b [max {d (T xn2 , yn1 ) , d (T xn2 , T xn )} + d(T xn , yn+1 )] = (a + c) d (yn1 , T xn2 ) + b [max {d (T xn2 , yn1 ) , d (T xn2 T xn )}] + b d(T xn , T xn+1 )

(1 b) d (T xn , T xn+1 ) (a + c) d (T xn1 , T xn2 ) + b [max {d (T xn2 , T xn1 ) , d (T xn2 , T xn )}] . (3.12) Since d (T xn2 , T xn ) + d (T xn , T xn1 ) = d(T xn2 , T xn1 ) d (T xn2 , T xn ) d(T xn2 , T xn1 ). Therefore, (1 b) d (T xn , T xn+1 ) (a + c) d (T xn1 , T xn2 ) + bd (T xn2 , T xn1 ) = (a + c + b) d (T xn1 , T xn2 ) (a + c + b) d (T xn1 , T xn2 ) . (3.13) 1b Thus in the all case we have d (T xn , T xn+1 ) A max {d (T xn1 , T xn ) , d(T xn1 , T xn2 )}, where d (T xn , T xn+1 ) A=
(a+c+b) 1b .

It can be easily shown that by induction that for n 1we have d (T xn , T xn+1 ) An max {d (T x0 , T x1 ) , d (T x1 , T x2 )}. Now for any positive integer r we have d (T xn , T xn+r ) d (T xn , T xn+1 ) + d (T xn+1 , T xn+2 ) + ... + d (T xn+r1 , T xn+r ) 1 + A + A2 + A3 + ... + Ap1 An max{d (T x0 , T x1 ) , d(T x1 , T x2 )} (3.14) 1 An max {d (T x0 , T x1 ) , d (T x1 , T x2 )} 1+A This implies that d (T xn , T xn+1 ) 0 as n . So that { T xn } is a Cauchy sequence and hence converge to a point z in X. We assume that a subsequence {T xnk } of {T xn } contained in P and TK is a

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47

closed subspace of X. Since {T xnk } is Cauchy in T K , it converse to a point,z T K . Let u T 1 z then T u = z . Here one also needs to note that {F xnk 1 } will also converge to z. d (F xnk 1 , F u) (a + c) d (F xnk 1 T xnk 1 )+b [max {d (T xnk 1 , F xnk 1 ) , d (T xnk 1 , T u)} + d(T u , F u)] Which , on letting,k reduces to d (z , F u) (a + c) d (z , z ) + b max {d (z, z ) , d (z , T u)} + bd (T u, F u) d (F u, z ) bd (T u, F u) d (F u, z ) bd (F u, T u) (3.15)

Yielding there by T u = F u which shows that uis a point of coincidence for F and T. Since the pair (F , T ) is coincidentally commuting, therefore z = Tu = Fu Fz = FTu = TFu = Tz To prove that z is xed point of,F consider d (F z, z ) = d(F z, F u) d (F z, z ) (a + b) d (F z, T z ) + b [max {d (T z, F z ) , d(T z, T u)} + d(T u, F u)] d (F z, z ) (a + b) d (F z, T z ) + bmax {d (T z, F z ) , d(T z, T u)} + bd(T u, F u) d (F z, z ) b d (F z , z ) Which shows that z is a common xed point of F and T. The proof goes on similar lines in case we assume subsequence {T xnk } of {T xn } contained in Q. hence it is omitted. The uniqueness of xed point follows easily this completes the proof. (3.16)

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the editor and the anonymous referees for their valuable comments and useful suggestions in improving the article.

References
[1] G.Jungck, Compatible mappings and common xed points, Int. J. Math. Math. Sci., 9(4)(1986), 771779. [2] M.Imdad, Remarks on xed point theorems for nonself mappings, Aligarh Bull. Math., 22(1)(2003), 1517. [3] M.Imdad and S.Kumar, Boyd and Wong type theorems for two pairs of non-self mappings, Nonlinear Anal. Forum, 8(1)(2003), 6978. [4] M.D.Khan and R.Bharadwaj, A xed point theorem in metrically convex space, Indian J. Math., 43(3)(2001), 373379.

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[5] M.S.Khan, H.K.Pathak and M.D.Khan, Some xed point theorems in metrically convex spaces, Georgian Math. J., 7(3)(2000), 523530. [6] M.Imdad, common xed point theorems for nonself mapping in metrically convex space via altering Distances, IJMMS2005, 24(2005), 4029-4039. [7] N.A.Assad, On a xed point theorem of Kannan in Banach spaces, Tamkang J. Math., 7(1)(1976), 9194. [8] N.A.Assad and W.A.Kirk, Fixed point theorems for set-valued mappings of contractive type, Pacic J. Math., 43(3)(1972), 553562. [9] O.Had, On coincidence points in convex metric spaces, Univ. u Novom Sadu Zb. Rad.Prirod.-Mat. Fak. Ser. Mat., 19(2)(1989), 233240. [10] O.Had and Lj.Gaji, Coincidence points for set-valued mappings inconvex metric spaces, Univ. u Novom Sadu Zb. Rad. Prirod.-Mat. Fak. Ser.Mat., 16(1)(1986), 1325. [11] R.Kannan, Some results on xed points, Bull. Calcutta Math. Soc., 60(1968), 7176. [12] R.M.Bianchini, Su un problema di S. Reich riguardante la teoria dei punti ssi, Boll. Un. Mat. Ital., 4(5)(1972), 103108. [13] K. Chatterjea, Fixed-point theorems, C. R. Acad. Bulgare Sci., 25(1972), 727730. [14] S.Sessa, On a weak commutativity condition ofmappings in xed point considerations, Publ. Inst. Math.(Beograd)(N.S.), 32(46)(1982), 149153.

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