Dog Lovers Guide To Understanding Your Pet

Table of contents: Prelude 1. Understanding ingredients 2. Dogs need different diets at different ages 3. Vitamin and mineral supplements 4. Boredom and variet !. "ost of feeds #. Dr Vs. "anned food $. %ome made diets &. 'ood allergies (. %o) mu*+ s+ould , feed m dog1.. %o) often s+ould , feed m dog11. /igns of ,ll +ealt+ 12. %eart )orm0 fleas and ot+er parasites 13. %eart )orm prevention 14. "ommon 1uestions a2out +eart )orm 1!. 'leas and ot+er parasites 1#. Do parasites *ause 3/*ooting41$. Preventing dental disease 1&. %ome dental *are 1(. Veterinar dental treatments 2.. T+e importan*e of t+e p+ si*al e5amination 21. 6+ are regular *+e*78ups important22. 6+at +appens during an e5amination23. %o) often s+ould m pet 2e e5amined24. %o) to administer medi*ine 2!. 9ursing a si*7 dog 2#. Va**inations 2$. "ommon 1uestions a2out va**inations 2&. /pa ing and neutering 2(. /pa ing of t+e 'emale dog 3.. /urgi*al neutering of t+e male dog 31. Pet +ealt+ insuran*e 32. "lipping a dog 33. 'irst steps in grooming 34. Bat+ing a dog 3!. Pet ,dentifi*ation

Prelude Dogs are an integral part of +uman so*iet on ever in+a2ited *ontinent on :art+. T+e drive livesto*7 and prote*t it; poli*e propert ; s*ent and dete*t illi*it su2stan*es; +aul sleds; retrieve game; guide t+e 2lind; sear*+ for and res*ue t+e lost and in<ured; *omfort t+e lonel ; +ear for t+e deaf; or simpl add a spar7ling natural realit to t+e lives of +undreds of millions of people t+roug+out t+e )orld. =s )e move from an agrarian to an ur2an *ulture0 dogs are in man )a s one of our last and most important lin7s )it+ t+e natural )orld. 6e get pleasure from *aring for our gardens and for our pets. T+is e82oo7 on 3 Dog Lovers Guide To Understanding Your Pet4 emp+asi>es t+e pet o)ner to offer good *are to +is or +er pet and also gives solutions for unresolved pro2lems.

1. Understanding ingredients Understanding t+e ingredients of our dog?s food items is a must for t+e dog lovers or dog o)ners. 6+enever ou feed t+e dog )it+ different 7inds of food items0 ou s+ould al)a s read t+e la2el and understand t+e *ontents a2out t+e dog feed t pes t+at are 2eing used in su*+ *ommer*ial preparations. You s+ould understand t+e ingredients )+ile 2u ing food for our dog and also 7no) )+at to loo7 for. 'eed items in*lude dr and fres+ food. T+e fres+ dog food t+at is prepared in +omes generall *onsists of ingredients li7e fres+l *ut *+i*7en pie*es in addition to t+e *ran2err <ui*es0 2lue8green algae0 et*. ,f ou *ome a*ross an different 7inds of preservatives and if t+e dog develops all of a sudden signs pertaining to t+e food allerg 0 suspe*t t+e un)anted ingredient in t+e feed items given. /imilarl 0 understand a2out t+e moisture status. ,f t+e food item is +aving more moisture0 t+en t+e dog ma prefer t+is as )ell. Beet pulp0 pasta0 /o 2ean oil0 )+eat middlings0 *al*ium *ar2onate0 magnesium o5ide0 *opper sulp+ate0 iron sulp+ate0 >in* o5ide0 *+oline *+loride0 et*. are often t+e ingredients in *ase of vegetarian 2ased diet items offered to t+e pet animals li7e dogs. @a) egg0 *+i*7en0 2eef0 mutton0 fis+0 1uail et*. are often t+e preferred ingredients in *ase of dog diets t+at are prepared on t+e 2asis of t+e non8vegetarian items. Taurine is one of t+e essential ingredients for t+e dogAs nutrition. Li7e )ise0 in t+e *ase of dogs feed )it+ fro>en fis+ items0 t+e vitamin *alled t+iamine needs to 2e supplemented as an ingredient. Ban premium t pe of dog food preparations *ontain essential fatt a*ids0 *ar2o+ drates )it+ ade1uate fi2er *ontents0 vitamins li7e =0 D0 : and B *omple5 vitamins. 'urt+ermore0 minerals li7e >in*0 is an essential ingredient for s7in +ealt+ status and *al*ium0 )+i*+ is an essential ingredient for 2one gro)t+0 toni*it of mus*les. T+e s+ould 2e enri*+ed in t+ese food items. %o)ever0 t+e *ost of t+ose food preparations are *omparativel more e5pensive t+an t+e food preparations )it+ general ingredients. T+oug+ it ma 2e 2etter for our dog?s +ealt+.

2. Dogs need different diets at different ages Dogs need different diets at different ages. Yes. T+is is true. 'or e5ample0 t+e pupp needs mil7 as t+e ma<or food item )+ile an adult dog ma need 2eef or *+i*7en in addition to t+e 2oiled egg and mil7. /o depending on t+e age fa*tor0 t+e diet s*+edule varies in realit for t+e dogs li7e an ot+er spe*ies. Puppies need greater amounts of protein0 fat and *ar2o+ drates t+an an adult dogs. 'urt+ermore0 puppies need more fre1uent feeding s*+edules in a da 0 unli7e an adult dog. T+e movement 2ased re1uirements of diet are more in t+e *ase of puppies0 sin*e t+e are often more a*tive t+an t+e adult dogs. :lder dogs need restri*ted protein 2ut t+e protein needs to 2e easil digesti2le and easil assimilated in t+e 2od . T+e diet s*+edule s+ould +ave ample suppl of )ater for t+em. 'eeding aged dogs too mu*+ protein ma finall lead to over 2urden to t+e renal stru*tures and ultimatel 0 t+e dog ma end up damaging filters in t+e 7idne . T+is is true espe*iall )+en t+e immune s stem of t+ese dogs is *ompromised due to man fa*tors. /imilarl 0 t+e elderl dogs need less food onl 2e*ause t+e movements of t+e adult dogs are +ig+l restri*ted and +en*e0 t+e +ave to spend a limited of energ . 'emale dogs in t+e pregnan* stage need not 2e fed a full stoma*+ sin*e it ma *ause some dis*omforts to t+e animal. %o)ever0 t+e pregnant animal and t+e nursing animal need spe*ial t pe of food items t+at deliver a 2alan*ed t pe of nutrition )it+ proper supplementation of vitamins and minerals. T+e nursing animal )it+ puppies need to 2e fed )it+ enoug+ amounts of *al*ium and +en*e0 t+ere )ill not 2e an *al*ium 2ased defi*ien* and t+e 2ones of t+e puppies )ill 2e strong )it+out an *urving.

3. Vitamin and mineral supplements Vitamin and mineral supplements are t+e most important *omponents in an dogAs feeding. ,f t+ere is a 2alan*e in t+e vitamin and mineral supplements0 t+en t+e animal )ill +ave a +ealt+ life and +en*e0 t+e immunit is not *ompromised in an un)anted )a . T+is simpl means t+at t+ere t+e dog )ill 2e more disease resistan*e against various diseases. Pet o)ners s+ould 7no) t+at vitamins =0 D0 :0 and C are t+e fat8 solu2le vitamins and ot+ers are )ater8solu2le vitamins. Vitamins li7e t+iamine0 p rido5ine and * ano*o2alamin are important for t+e fun*tions of nervous s stem. Defi*ien* of vitamin = leads to nig+t 2lindness and s7in lesions and defi*ien* of vitamin D leads to t+e softening and )ea7ening of t+e 2ones. T+ese pro2lems are man a time en*ountered 2 t+e dog o)ners. =mong t+ese0 vitamin = to5i*ities ma o**ur if ou feed t+em in e5*essive amounts0 li7e vitamin D. %en*e0 give emp+asis on t+is )+ile ou are using t+ese vitamins in t+e dogs. "od liver oil from sele*ted fis+es +as more vitamin = in t+em and are universall good feed for dogs. =ll dogs ma not need supplements of minerals or vitamins to live )ell for t+e moment0 2ut it is important for t+eir future. ,f t+e 2e*ome si*7 or aged or ver oung )it+out proper feeding0 supplementations are re1uired for t+e up7eep of +ealt+ status in t+em. %o)ever0 one +as to follo) t+e instru*tions of veterinarian in t+is regard. ,f t+e dogs are fed )it+ fis+ in fro>en *onditions0 t+en t+e ma 2e suffering *onstantl from vitamin B1 defi*ien* and +en*e0 su*+ dogs need to 2e given spe*ifi*all B1. "areless supplementations of minerals ma lead to diseases and +en*e0 veterinarians al)a s need to 2e *onsulted on t+e supplementation of minerals or vitamins. Binerals li7e *al*ium0 magnesium0 >in*0 manganese0 iron0 *opper et*. are given more emp+asis in addition to sodium and potassium. Din* is related to s7in +ealt+ and potassium is related to t+e mus*le +ealt+ and *al*ium )it+ p+osp+orus is related to t+e 2one +ealt+. %o)ever0 if ou feed t+e dog )it+ *+i*7en0 mutton or 2eef along )it+ re1uired vegeta2les0 artifi*ial supplementation of mineral or vitamin

ta2lets ma 2e +ig+l redu*ed 2ut supplements need to 2e t+oug+t of )+en ou are not a2le to maintain a 2alan*ed nutrition as t+is +appens )it+ most of t+e dogs0 due to multifa*eted *auses.

4. Boredom and variety Boredom and variet are al)a s inter *onne*ted in *ase of dog mis2e+aving. Yes. T+is is true. Ban a times0 2oredom *an 2e managed )it+ variet of materials t+at )ill distra*t t+e animals to a greater e5tent. %en*e0 t+e dog ma not do t+e a2normal or un)anted a*tivit arising out of t+e 2oredom e5perien*ed 2 it. Boredom e5perien*ed dogs ma +ave different t pes of 2e+avioral patterns. 'or e5ample0 some dogs )ill 2e seen 2ar7ing *ontinuousl and some ma 2e engaged al)a s in some digging a*tivities. T+ere are man )a s to get our dog out of its 2oredom a*tivities. Ban to s are availa2le )+i*+ simulated du*70 dog0 rodent et*. T+ese ma 2e 7ept inside t+e *rate and in parti*ular0 puppies love t+ese items. = 2uster *u2e )it+ multiple treats ma 2e pla*ed in t+e dogAs s+elter and t+e animal soon understands on +o) to roll t+e 2uster *u2e to get t+e treats it prefers. = Buster "u2e is an ingenious to use for simulating and a*tivating our dog during pla and feed time. ,nstead of pla*ing t+e food monotonousl in one pla*e0 *+ange t+e pla*e of feeding suddenl . /u*+ a*tions )ill 2e +elpful for removing t+e 2oredom li7e a*tivit in our dog. =*tivities pertaining to 2oredom need to 2e redefined )ell 2 t+e dog o)ners. T+is )ill +elp t+em to a greater e5tent to drive a)a t+e un)anted 2e+avior patterns in t+eir pet dogs. 'or e5ample0 some dogs ma often +ave destru*tive 2iting *+ara*ters and )ill 2e seen 2iting *+air0 *lot+0 mats0 and ever t+ing t+at *an see. =fter ruling out t+e teet+ing pro2lem if it is a pupp 0 provide it )it+ some large si>ed 2alls0 mineral mi5ture 2ased 2one materials0 et*. /u*+ variet of materials +elp to redu*e t+e 2oredom related a*tivities.

. !ost of feeds T+e *ost of dog feed is one fa*tor t+at is most important in t+e *ase of feeding of dogs )it+ different 7inds of food items. Yes. T+is is true. T+e *ost fa*tor needs to 2e loo7ed into in various perspe*tives during t+e preparation of t+e food items0 re1uired for t+e 2alan*ed feeding of dogs )it+ proper vitamin and mineral supplementations in t+e food. "ost )ill not al)a s matter mu*+ 2e*ause t+e dogAs value is 2eing assessed in terms of *ompanions+ip and t+e +appiness derived from t+e dog to t+e dog o)ner. T+oug+ t+e *ost of t+e food items is *omparativel more0 man dog o)ners donAt mind mu*+ due to t+e in*reased 2enefits derived from t+eir dogs in terms of prote*tion0 guiding0 et*. /ele*tion of ingredients for t+e +ome made food needs to 2e +o)ever 2ased on t+e 1ualit fa*tor. :ven )+en t+e 1ualit is more0 general persons ma see7 some *+eaper items onl . @e*ommended nutrient *ontents ma 2e o2tained from t+e national nutrient a*ademies in all nations and t+is )ill provide guidelines. Ene *an *orrelate t+e *ost fa*tor )it+ items availa2le in t+eir o)n *ountr . Generall 0 t+e *ommer*ial food items are e5pensive espe*iall t+e ones t+at use t+e modern te*+nologies of food preparation li7e oven8 2a7ing0 sterili>ation of *ans0 air dr ing or free>e dr ing of *ontents et*. "anned items *ost more t+an t+e dr food items. %o)ever0 t+e *ost of t+e items depends on )+at 7ind of food item to 2e used for t+e dogs. 'ood allergies need to 2e monitored during usage of different food items in *ase of dogs due to t+e *+eaper *ost of t+e items. Eften t+e 1ualit need not 2e *ompromised 2e*ause of t+e *ost fa*tor. Bost of t+e dog food items no)ada s +ave mentioned t+eir *ost in t+e la2el itself. %en*e0 t+e dog o)ner need not +ave an pro2lem in ta7ing a de*ision on t+e pur*+ase.

". Dry Vs. !anned food T+ese t pes of food materials are different )it+ different grades of li7ing 2 t+e dogs. Dogs li7e dr foods onl if t+e are tast onl and +o)ever0 on *omparison0 t+e dogs prefer onl t+e *anned food items. @eason for su*+ preferen*e 2 t+e dogs is t+at in *ase of *anned food items0 t+e moisture is a2out sevent to eig+t per *ent 2ut in *ase of dr food0 it is onl a2out ten per *ent. %o)ever0 if ou vie) it in terms of nutrients0 often t+e dr food *ontains nearl ninet per *ent nutrients )+ereas t+e *anned food items *ontain onl less per *ent of nutrients and most of t+e times. ,t is onl so produ*ts t+at are stru*tured so )ell to loo7 li7e meat pie*es. %en*e0 to ma7e up t+e nutritional 2alan*e in t+e 2od s stems0 t+e dog +as to eat more amounts of *anned food materials t+an t+e dr food materials. %en*e0 <ust *ompare t+e *ost fa*tor related to t+is feature 2 ou. Ban dr food items are so 2ean and ri*e 2ased. 9o) some dr food items are 2ased on *orn. /ometimes0 2eef 2ased or *+i*7en 2ased food items *ome in t+e *ans along )it+ mineral and vitamin supplements suited for t+e up7eep of t+e dogAs +ealt+ status. Larger dogs t+at )eig+ more t+an t+irt pounds need to 2e fed )it+ semi moist food items or dr food items in most of t+e o**asions. T+is is to satisf t+e food re*eptors in t+e stoma*+. T+is is due to t+e fa*t t+at t+e larger dogs need to eat plent of moist food or t+e *anned food items to satisf t+ese *riteria. But it ma not 2e pra*ti*all possi2le in t+ese larger dogs. T+e small si>ed dogs ma +ave a satisfa*tor level of nutrients if fed even t+e moist food items. %o)ever0 t+e *alori* densit of t+e dr food s+ould not 2e forgotten. :nri*+ed dr food items are +ig+l )el*ome ones t+an t+e non 8enri*+ed food items.

#. $ome made diets %ome made diets are important in t+e dog feeding. Ban a times0 t+e *ommer*ial diets *onsist of food items t+at +ave artifi*ial *oloring agents and flavoring agents t+at are +armful to t+e dog?s 2od . %ome made food items +ave t+e guarantee of fres+ness in t+e preparation unli7e t+e read 8made *ommer*ial items. T+e preservatives added in t+e *ommer*ial food items ma not 2e t+e suita2le ones to t+e dogs from t+e +ealt+ point of vie). :ven in *ase of renal diseases in dogs0 t+e +ome made diets ma 2e made )it+ ground 2eef0 sli*es of 2read0 *al*ium *ar2onate0 2oiled eggs et*. T+e purpose is to +ave t+e restri*ted protein suppl in t+e feed items prepared. T+is s+ould 2e *arried out )it+ +ome made diets prepared e5*lusivel for t+e dogs suffering from renal diseases. 6ater is added in suffi*ient 1uantities to +elp t+e proper meta2olism in t+e digestion8impaired renal *ases. T+e dog ma +ave allergi* s mptoms li7e severe it*+ing0 )+i*+ ma not get *orre*ted 2 different 7inds of medi*ations emplo ed over a period of time. /u*+ *ases ma get easil treated on*e t+e dog food is *+anged from t+e *ommer*ial t pe of food to t+e +ome made food items. Eften0 t+e +ome made food items are prepared using t+e free>ing pro*edures to 7ill t+e germs or 2 adding grape seed e5tra*ts to provide suffi*ient antio5idants to t+e +ome made food items. 'ood grade vinegar is also added in man times to t+e meat pie*es prepared in a fres+ manner. =ll t+ese *an 2e enri*+ed )it+ vitamin supplements t+at are availa2le in fruit essen*es0 fis+ oil et*. "ran2err <ui*e0 2ananas0 fis+ and meat are prepared in a 1ualit manner and no preservatives are added during t+e preparation of t+ese 7inds of food items and t+e dog 2e*omes more a*tive after t+e *onsumption of su*+ food items.

%. &ood allergies 'ood allergies are somet+ing t+at is diffi*ult to identif unless one is )ell a)are of t+e 2aseline information )it+ regard to t+is t pe of allerg . T+e main s mptoms of food allergies in dogs in*lude t+e fa*ial it*+ing0 lim2 *+e)ing0 2ell it*+ing0 re*urrent ear infe*tions or s7in infe*tions. /in*e t+e dogs *onsume lot of prepared food materials in*luding various 7inds of proteins0 fillers0 *oloring agents and more; in t+e *ommer*ial food materials0 t+e in*iden*es of food allergies are more t+an one *an imagine. =llergi* rea*tions mostl involve t+e s7in or t+e gastro intestinal tra*t. ,f ou *ome a*ross our dog it*+ing after t+e provision of spe*ifi* food materials0 t+en suspe*t t+e food allerg in t+is animal. %o)ever0 *onditions li7e fungal infe*tions need to 2e ruled out in general 2efore t+e *on*lusion of it*+ing as a sign of food allerg . T+ere are man re*orded in*iden*es of allergies of dogs to *orn or to )+eat. %o)ever0 t+e food allergies var from dog to dog. @ead t+e la2els *learl 2efore feeding our dogs )it+ pet food materials0 in su*+ o**asions. Too mu*+ *olored food materials ma 2e avoided sin*e t+e ma *ause allergies to our dog. 'ood allergies are often lin7ed to t+e + per a*tive 2e+avior noti*ed in t+e dogs. =dded *olors0 preservatives0 and +ig+ fat diet mig+t *ause su*+ food allergies in t+e dogs and +en*e0 one +as to 2e *areful in providing ne) 7ind of diet to t+eir dogs and *losel monitor t+e dog for an signs of allerg . T+ere are man o**asions t+at food allergies mig+t 2e diagnosed in t+e dogs 2ut t+e dog ma +ave ot+er pro2lems li7e pan*reatitis. To rule out t+e food allergies0 o2servation our dogs ever time ou feed t+em0 loo7 for reasons to lin7 t+e signs of dog )it+ food given0 spe*ifi* signs en*ountered0 differential diagnosis et*. are t+e important features to 2e given emp+asis.

'. $o( muc) s)ould * feed my dog+ Ban people )ill give different t pes of ans)ers 2ased on t+eir e5perien*e )it+ t+eir dogs. %o)ever0 t+e s*ientifi* fa*ts related to t+e feeding aspe*ts in *ase of dogs need to 2e given emp+asis during t+e feeding a*tivities maintained in *ase of dogs. Usuall t+e puppies s+ould not 2e separated 2efore t+e are eig+t )ee7s old. %o)ever0 some times t+e orp+aned puppies ma e5ist. Usuall a2out five per*ent of t+e 2od )eig+t ma 2e ta7en as *riteria for t+e 1uantit of food to 2e given to t+e puppies. %o)ever0 t+e amount t+at is *onsumed 2 t+e dog varies )it+ si>e of t+e dogs also. %o)ever0 one *an +ave a t+um2 rule of feeding t+e pupp goes until ou see visi2le fullness of t+e a2domen to a moderate degree. ,f ou are going on feeding t+e animal )it+out giving emp+asis to t+e animalAs stoma*+ appearan*e0 t+en t+e pupp ma e5perien*e some 7inds of digestive upsets and t+e diarr+ea ma o**ur in t+em. T+is ma *ause man in*onvenien*es to t+e o)ner as )ell as t+e pupp . Unli7e adult dogs0 t+e puppies need to 2e fed )it+ restri*ted amounts of food 2ut in more fre1uen*ies. %o)ever0 on*e t+e age advan*es0 t+e amount ma 2e in*reased to some e5tent 2ut t+e fre1uen* of feeding is often de*reased in man o**asions. = dog on a ra) diet ma *onsume onl t)o to four per*ent of t+eir 2od )eig+t. Fust o2serve *losel t+e feeding pattern of t+e dog and t+e 2od *ondition of t+e animal. ,f t+e dog 2e*omes o2ese0 <ust redu*e t+e 1uantit of food and if t+e dog 2e*omes t+in0 t+en +ave an in*rease in t+e feeding items. =s mentioned earlier0 puppies and adoles*ent dogs eat more t+an t+e adult dogs. Li7e)ise t+e geriatri* dog eats less t+an t+e adult dog due to t+e redu*ed movements of t+e dog. %o)ever0 remem2er to restri*t t+e amounts of protein during t+e feeding of diet to t+e aged dogs.

1,. $o( often s)ould * feed my dog+ T+is often 2e*omes an important 1uestion as7ed 2 man dog lovers and dog o)ners. ,f it is a pupp )it+in age of t+e first si5 )ee7s0 t+e puppies need to 2e given mil7 at t+e rate of five to seven times per da . T+e pupp )ill ma7e some sound if it )ants to feed in general. %o)ever0 t+e feeding fre1uen* ma 2e redu*ed )+en t+e dog 2e*omes si5 to eig+t )ee7s old. B t+e time t+e dog assumes t+e age of four )ee7s0 it ma start ta7ing of some solid food. %en*e0 mi5 t+e solid food )it+ )ater in ma<orit and feed our pupp on*e or t)i*e in t+e 2eginning and if t+e dog develops some diarr+ea0 t+en dela t+e feeding. Bost of t+e times0 it is due to trial and error 2ut ta7ing some 2asi* steps in feeding0 so ou need to )at*+ out. T+e feeding fre1uen* ma 2e *+anged to t)o to t+ree times after t+e assumption of age of eig+t )ee7s. %o)ever0 if t+e dog is seen +ungr *raving for food0 t+en provide food on*e t+an t+e estimated num2ers. T+is varies )it+ different 2reeds of dogs. %o)ever0 avoid feeding too man times in t+is age group of dogs. =round t+ree mont+s to si5 mont+s of age0 t+e pupp )ill 2e teet+ing. %en*e0 restri*t t+e feeding to t)o times onl 2ut t+e 2alan*ed t pe of nutrition needs to 2e provided to t+e dogs of t+is age group to avoid t+e defi*ien* 2ased s mptoms in t+em. 'rom si5 mont+s to one ear0 tr using pupp food t+at is availa2le *ommer*iall . %o)ever0 from first ear on)ards0 t+e adult food ma 2e given graduall . %o)ever0 )+en t+e dog 2e*omes an elder dog0 restri*t t+e fre1uen* of feeding sin*e t+e movements of su*+ adult dogs are +ig+l redu*ed due to multiple reasons. %o)ever0 t+e pregnant animal ma 2e fed an e5tra time depending on t+e )illingness of t+e animal and restri*t t+e 1uantit of t+e food 2ut )it+out *ompromising on t+e 1ualit of food.

11. -igns of *ll )ealt) /igns of ill +ealt+ are t+e most important signs of t+e +ealt+ status in our dogs. 'or e5ample0 if t+e dog +as *ontinuous nasal dis*+arge0 it indi*ates t+e presen*e of nasal *ongestion and if t+e dis*+arge is t+i*70 most of t+e times0 t+e dog ma +ave pneumonia. ,f t+e dog vomits one or t)o times o**asionall 0 t+is ma not 2e ta7en as a serious sign of ill +ealt+ 2ut if t+e dog *ontinues t+is vomiting0 t+en t+is is somet+ing signifi*ant to 2e loo7ed into. ,f t+e dog +as *ontinuous it*+ing0 t+en one needs to *+e*7 up t+e dog first 2 *loser o2servation and e5amination of s7in 2 separating t+e +air material espe*iall in *ase of long +aired 2reeds. You ma also *ome a*ross a lot of ti*7s or li*e on s7in0 )+i*+ ma loo7 apparentl normal at a distan*e. ,f t+e dog passes loose stool for one or t)o times0 t+is need not 2e given more emp+asis 2ut if t+ere is *ontinuous passing of loose stool0 t+en t+e dog is understood to suffer from 2o)el disorders. ,f t+e dog does not pass stool for t)o to t+ree da s0 t+e digestive upsets needs to 2e ruled out *arefull . Fust patientl o2serve t+e dogAs )al7ing movements and rule out an a2normal movements in t+e dog. ,f t+e dog is limping0 t+e animal ma +ave foot lesions. /imilarl 0 if t+e aged dog +as relu*tant )al7ing and less feed inta7e along )it+ repeated vomiting0 t+en a*ute renal disorders li7e nep+ritis needs to 2e ruled out. ,f t+ere is )+iteness in e es0 suspe*t t+e *orneal opa*it t+at ma o**ur in diseases li7e tr panasomosis. 6+en t+e dog 2e*omes anemi*0 t+e mu*ous mem2rane of t+e e es 2e*omes paler and in severe *ases0 t+is ma +ave )all )+ite *olor. ,f t+e dog 2ites *+ain and o)ners or ot+ers0 loo7 for 2e+avior disorders and ra2ies needs to 2e ruled out.

12. $eart (orm. fleas and ot)er parasites %eart )orm0 fleas and ot+er parasites in dogs need to 2e eliminated 2 follo)ing appropriate medi*ations in t+em. Ban produ*ts +ave *ome up in t+e *ommer*ial fields to prote*t t+e dogs from +eart )orms0 fleas and ot+er parasites li7e +oo7 )orms0 )+ip )orms0 round )orms0 li*e0 ti*7s et*. =mong t+e +eart )orm0 fleas and ot+er parasites0 t+e fleas produ*e t+e + per sensitive rea*tions in t+e affe*ted animals. %en*e0 t+e animals infested )it+ fleas start severel s*rat*+ing of 2od . Ban times0 t+e s*rat*+ing is so severe and t+e s7in 2e*omes more + peremi* and dermatitis o**urs in t+e affe*ted areas. =nimal )ill not lie do)n or sleep *omforta2l due to t+e *onstant 2ites 2 t+e fleas. %en*e0 animal loo7s as if affe*ted 2 some severe s7in disease. ,f t+e animal is not properl attended for t+is ti*7 2ite pro2lem0 t+ere )ill 2e often se*ondar 2a*terial invasions in t+ese sites and t+ere ma even 2e a 2ad smell emanating from t+e s7in areas. "lose o2servation of t+e dog is +ig+l essential to rule out t+e o**urren*e of fleas distur2ing t+e animal to a greater e5tent. /imilarl 0 t+e s7in of t+e animal needs to 2e tested for t+e presen*e of ti*7s0 li*e et*. 'or t+is0 t+e +air materials need to 2e separated and t+e *lose o2servation )it+ patien*e is re1uired for t+e proper diagnosis. ,n man in*iden*es0 if anemia is present0 t+e 2lood proto>oa need to 2e ruled out in addition to t+e +oo7)orm pro2lems. T+e *lini*al pro2lems li7e anemia0 loose motion0 pot 2ell et*. mig+t 2e re*ogni>ed 2 t+e dog o)ners t+emselves and +o)ever0 t+e dog needs to undergo t+e routine +ealt+ related e5amination involving fe*al e5amination0 +ematologi*al e5amination and 2lood smear e5amination. Ban *ommer*ial produ*ts +ave *ome up in t+e mar7et0 )+i*+ are useful to deal )it+ all t+ese *onditions 2 single dose. Drugs li7e iverme*tin are +ig+l useful and are availa2le in 2ot+ in<e*tion and oral form in addition to t+e solution form t+at *an 2e applied on t+e s7in. T+ese drugs in dogs *an lead to t+e prop+ la5is of t+ese *onditions also.

13. $eart (orm prevention Beef flavored *+un7s are availa2le in addition to t+e 2eef flavored ta2lets or solutions t+at *an 2e given orall to t+e dogs as a measure against t+e in*iden*e of +eart )orms. =void mos1uito 2ites 2 providing proper mos1uito8proof s+elter fa*ilities to t+e dogs. Fust plan )+et+er t+ere is an need to go for t+e +eart )orm prevention t+oug+ out t+e ear or onl in some mont+s of t+e ear. 'or e5ample0 in *ase of some *ountries0 t+e mos1uitoes ma 2e dormant in most of t+e *older mont+s. %o)ever0 in some *ountries0 t+is is not a position. Ban a times0 medi*ations are availa2le for oral administration to prevent +eart )orms along )it+ +oo7)orms et*. /u*+ oral medi*ations need to 2e ta7en as per t+e instru*tions. %o)ever0 2e *autious a2out t+e o**urren*e of an adverse drug rea*tions in t+e dog given )it+ su*+ prop+ la*ti* t+erap . =dverse event reports need to 2e sent if ou *ome a*ross an sorts of adverse drug rea*tions in our dog during t+e preventive treatment. /oft 2eef flavored ta2lets are +ig+l preferred 2 t+e pet animals as t+e preventive measure against +eart )orms. T+e pet o)ner needs to *onsult a veterinarian if t+e dose for t+e prop+ la5is of +eart )orm is missed for fe) mont+s. ,n su*+ o**asions0 t+e pet animal needs to undergo t+e +eart )orm test. %eartgard0 sentinel0 inter*eptor0 revolution0 et*. are availa2le in t+e *ommer*ial fields as drugs for t+e preventive measure. =void )ater stagnation around t+e dog s+elter and t+e 2us+es around t+e area t+at fa*ilitate mos1uito 2reeding. T+is test needs to 2e *arried out in *onsultation )it+ a veterinarian )+o is spe*iali>ed in t+e pet animal +ealt+ *are and medi*ine. =s a preventive measure for t+e +eart )orms0 t+e dogs need to 2e tested for t+e eviden*e of t+ese )orms at an age of si5 mont+s. @eal 2eef *+e) a2le ta2lets are availa2le *ontaining medi*al agent li7e iverme*tin.

14. !ommon /uestions about )eart (orm T+e *ommon 1uestions a2out +eart )orm are often related to t+e spe*ies affe*ted 2 +eart )orms in addition to t+e dogs. Ene s+ould 7no) t+at in addition to dogs0 t+e *at0 fo50 )olf0 +orse0 sea lion et*. are also affe*ted. "an t+is 2e *ured or not- Yes. T+is *an 2e treated. 6+at is t+e drug used often for t+e prevention of +eart )orm in dogs- ,verme*tin is t+e drug used often to +ave preventive a*tions for t+ese +eart )orms. Dogs affe*ted reveal *onstant *oug+ing0 panting and dullness in man o**asions. 6+at )ill 2e t+e si>e of t+e )orms- ,n t+e *ase of t+e females0 it is a2out t)ent 8seven *entimeters and in t+e *ase of males0 it is a2out seventeen *entimeters in lengt+. ,s t+ere an ve*tor involve in t+e transmission of t+e disease- Yes. Bos1uitoes often get asso*iated as ve*tors in )+i*+ t+e earl development of larvae of +eart )orms o**ur in t+em. ,s t+e prop+ la5is meant onl for +eart )orms or ot+ers also- T+e prop+ la5is is meant not onl for t+e +eart )orms 2ut also for t+e +oo7 )orms0 )+ip )orms0 and round )orms. 6+at is t+e infe*tive t pe of larvae t+at is asso*iated )it+ t+e transmission of t+ese +eart )orms- T+e t+ird stage larva t+at is transmitted 2 t+e mos1uito 2ites. T+is o**urs t+roug+ out t+e )orld. ,n some areas0 t+e in*iden*es are less in *older mont+s in )+i*+ t+e mos1uito 2reeding )ill not 2e t+ere and ma 2e dormant during t+ese periods. 6+at is t+e name of t+e drug used for t+erap and prevention- ,verme*tin and mil2em *in o5ime ma 2e used for 2ot+ purposes. ,verme*tin is availa2le in in<e*tion form and oral form. =dditionall 0 t+e forms for e5ternal appli*ation are also availa2le. T+e *ost fa*tor needs to 2e )or7ed out for all t+ese treatments. 6+at is t+e fre1uen* of drug used for prop+ la5is- Ene mont+ 2efore t+e mos1uito season and up to t)o mont+s after t+e mos1uito season0 iverme*tin or mil2em *in o5ime ma 2e given on*e mont+l for t+e prop+ la5is. Diet+ l*ar2ama>ine ma 2e used for t+erap purpose.

1 . &leas and ot)er parasites 'leas and ot+er parasites need to 2e given al)a s a priorit 2 t+e dog o)ners. T+e *ommon in*iden*es of flea 2ite allerg in *ase of dogs *ause )orries among t+e dog o)ners. 'lea 2ite indu*es allergi* rea*tions in t+e *on*erned area 2itten 2 t+e fleas. %en*e0 t+e affe*ted area loo7s li7e +airless area and t+e animal starts s*rat*+ing. 'leas *ause severe dermatitis in dogs )it+ severe flea infestations. Ban times0 t+e flea 2ite *auses allergi* rea*tions in t+e dogs. ,n man o**asions0 dogs e5perien*e severe dis*omforts due to t+ese allergi* rea*tions. Bedi*ated *ollars are availa2le to treat and prevent t+e infestation )it+ e5ternal parasites li7e ti*7s or fleas. Et+er parasites li7e ti*7s0 li*e in addition to t+e internal parasites li7e +oo7 )orms0 round )orms0 )+ip )orms et*. *ause affe*tions in t+e +ealt+ status of t+e animal. 'or e5ample0 if +oo7)orm affe*ts t+e animal0 most of t+e times0 t+e dog +as anemia. T+e anemi* signs 2e*ome more prominent depending on t+e degree of affe*tion 2 t+e +oo7)orm. %oo7)orm larvae *an pass dire*tl t+roug+ t+e s7in and *ause pro2lems in t+e affe*ted ones. /u*+ dogs ma reveal lesions pertaining to t+e dermatitis in t+e feet region and in t+e s7in areas. /7in ras+es ma 2e seen fre1uentl in su*+ *ases and t+e affe*ted animal passes loose stool0 )+i*+ is of red tinged and mi5ed )it+ 2lood material. ,f t+e round )orms are seen in more num2ers0 t+e affe*ted puppies reveal a pot2ell *ondition0 )+i*+ is easil re*ogni>ed 2 t+e dog o)ners t+emselves. Pipera>ine salts are given 2 oral route for t+e treatment of t+is pro2lem. %o)ever0 2road8spe*trum ant+elminti*s li7e p rantel pamoate0 fen2enda>ole et*. are given to treat t+ese *onditions. Ban drugs +ave *ome in mar7et to treat t+e fleas and ot+er parasites. 9o)ada s0 t+e medi*al agent *alled as iverme*tin is +ig+l preferred 2 man dog o)ners to treat t+e fleas and ot+er parasites in dogs. T+is drug is availa2le in in<e*tion form and oral form. :ven t+e drug is availa2le for t+e e5ternal appli*ation also.

1". Do parasites cause 0-cooting1+ Parasites too *ause t+e s*ooting. /*ooting is a an anal sa* disease. 'irst let?s understand )+at s*ooting is in detail. T+is is t+e dragging of anus )it+ t+e +ind lim2s in an e5tended state. Parasites *ausing irritation in t+e anus regions lead to su*+ t pe of a*tions in animals li7e dogs. %o)ever0 one s+ould not 2e under t+e impression t+at it is t+e parasite t+at alone *auses su*+ s*ooting in *ase of dogs. T+ere are man o**asions in )+i*+ t+e dog ma +ave t+e s*ooting )it+out an parasite 2ased etiologi*al agent. 'or e5ample0 t+e anal gland infe*tions0 tumors at t+e anus and in<uries near t+e anal regions also ma lead to su*+ t pe of dragging of anus region0 fre1uentl 2 t+e affe*ted dogs. 'lea 2ite allerg often *auses irritation at t+e anus region and t+e animal ma tr to 2ite t+e anus region and t+e irritations due to t+ese fa*tors lead to t+e final dragging of anus region on t+e ground. "estodiasis in dogs is t+e *ondition *aused 2 tape)orms. ,n su*+ o**asions0 if t+e animal is not treated in time0 t+e animal ma 2e seen e5+i2iting t+e s*ooting a*tivities. Tape)orm segments passed in t+e stool *reate *ra)ling li7e a*tivities near anus. /u*+ *ra)ling a*tivities of t+e tape)orm segments lead to severe it*+ing at t+ese regions. %en*e0 to ma7e a relief from t+is t pe of *onstant irritation0 t+e animal starts pressing t+e anus region on t+e ground first and t+en tries to drag it on t+e ground )it+ t pi*al e5tension of rear lim2s. Usuall t+ere is a pa*7et of eggs )+en t+e fe*al sample is e5amined 2 mi*ros*ope. %o)ever0 t+e flotation te*+ni1ue leads to 2rea7age of t+ese pa*7ets to 2urst and +en*e0 diagnosis is diffi*ult in su*+ o**asions. /*ooting dogs need to 2e e5amined to rule out tape)orm segments0 )+i*+ loo7 li7e ri*e li7e pie*es. T+ese segments are )+ite in *olor and turn ello) )+en ta7en from t+e 2od . Tape)orms t+emselves ma 2e seen in t+e motion or near anus 2elo) t+e tail regions. "onsult our veterinarian for spe*ifi* *ures for t+is.

1#. 2reventing dental disease Preventing dental disease is an important feature0 )+i*+ is to 2e paid more emp+asis 2 t+e dog lovers or dog o)ners. Dental disease is given priorit in t+e +ealt+ s*+edule of t+e dog no)ada s 2e*ause of t+e asso*iation of t+e dental diseases )it+ s stemi* diseases in t+e dogs. =nti2ioti*s need to 2e given in t+e initial stage of teet+ infe*tion itself and if not0 t+is ma *ause spe*ifi* infe*tions and t+e organisms ma spread to t+e ot+er near2 regions li7e t+e oral mu*ous mem2rane and p+ar ngeal region et*. Bore a*idi* or al7aline food materials need not 2e given to t+e dogs to avoid t+e possi2le teet+ damage. =nti2ioti*s need to 2e given in t+e initial stage of teet+ infe*tion itself and if not0 t+is ma *ause spe*ifi* infe*tions and t+e organisms ma spread to t+e ot+er near2 regions li7e t+e oral mu*ous mem2rane and p+ar ngeal region et*. Bore a*idi* or al7aline food materials need not 2e given to t+e dogs to avoid t+e possi2le teet+ damage. ,f t+e dog is not given at its oung age some 2on material to 2ite on0 t+e dog ma develop some dental diseases later. T+e teet+ing a*tion often *auses t+e animal to go for 2iting in an indis*riminate manner. %en*e0 t+e animal +as to 2e given some 2iting materials to avoid t+e o**urren*e of dental diseases. ,f t+ere is an eviden*e of 2leeding from t+e oral region0 t+e dog needs to 2e e5amined t+oroug+l for an dental a2normalit . Bainl t+e puppies or some times0 t+e adult dogs also ma +ave teet+ in<uries. T+e need to 2e attended immediatel as a preventive step. ,f not0 t+e animal ma end up in se*ondar 2a*terial infe*tions. %unting dogs need additional *are asso*iated )it+ t+e dental stru*tures and su*+ *are is needed to avoid t+e future dental pro2lems in su*+ dogs. Brus+es are availa2le to provide 2etter dental *are to dogs. %o)ever0 one +as to allot more time and s+ould +ave patien*e to use su*+ 2rus+es in *ase of dogs. T+is ma lead into furt+er pro2lems. "enters for disease *ontrol and prevention are tr ing to put up guidelines to prevent t+e dental diseases in dogs in man nations. %o)ever0 t+e oral e5amination needs to 2e *arried out fre1uentl in dogs and su*+ a*tivities +elp to rule out t+e emerging pro2lems pertaining to t+e dentine stru*tures in t+e 2eginning itself.

1%. $ome dental care %ome dental *are is to 2e given more emp+asis no)ada s 2e*ause of t+e fa*t t+at t+e dental diseases are emerging in t+e *ase of pet animals li7e dogs to a greater e5tent. T+oug+ ou are giving +ome dental *are0 if ou suspe*t on t+e e5tension of t+e dental diseases0 t+en immediatel approa*+ t+e veterinarian for intervention. Tr to provide 2one materials )it+out ver s+arp points to t+e dogs and t+e ma love to *+e) t+em and t+en s)allo) t+e 2itten produ*ts. /u*+ a*tivities +elp t+em to go for t+e development of strong teet+ stru*tures in a natural manner. Bind t+at t+e 2reeds of dogs li7e Pe7ingese0 et*. are more prone for t+e development of teet+ diseases 2e*ause t+e teet+ are *losel *ro)ned in t+e oral *avit 2e to t+e small si>e of t+e t+ese dogs. %en*e0 t+ese dogs need to 2e *+e*7ed up for t+e e5*essive pla1ue formation in t+e +ome itself. @e*reational ra) 2eef 2ones are )onderful materials to 7eep t+e teet+ stru*tures of our dog *lean and free from formation of pla1ue )it+ 2uild up of 2a*terial organisms. Teet+ 2rus+es are availa2le for use )it+ *are in *ase of dogs and one +as to 2e *areful during t+e usage of t+ese 2rus+es in dogs. Teet+ 2rus+es are to 2e used )it+ spe*ial 7inds of pastes re*ommended 2 t+e veterinarians for +ome use in *ase of dogs. /pe*iall prepared food materials are availa2le in t+e pet s+ops to remove t+e tartar and t+e pla1ue materials from t+e teet+ stru*tures. Dr dog food and to s t+at are spe*iall made to add strengt+ to t+e teet+ stru*tures are often used at +ome for 2etter teet+ *leaning. T+e pla1ue materials are intermittentl to 2e removed at +ome to avoid an o**urren*e of t+e periodontal diseases0 )+i*+ are more *ommon among t+e dogs. Dental )ipes are availa2le in t+e pet s+ops and t+e ma 2e used *arefull in t+e +ome. T+is +elps to remove more pla1ue and t+e tartar li7e materials t+at are loosel atta*+ed.

1'. Veterinary dental treatments Veterinar dental treatments are more important. ,f t+e dental stru*tures are not 2eing loo7ed *arefull 0 t+ere are more *+an*es for t+e development of periodontal diseases in dogs. %en*e0 t+e veterinar dental treatments need to 2e paid ma5imum importan*e during t+e life of our dogs. T+ere are man advan*ed s stems t+at deal )it+ dental treatments t+at +ave *ome up in t+e mar7et. Ban s stems are availa2le )it+ 2uilt in )ater spra s stems0 dou2le filter s stems0 auto *lava2le *lips0 and more. Ban veterinarians use +ig+ speed fi2er opti* +and pie*es )it+ pus+ 2utton tur2ines0 t)o +and pie*e )ater <et s stems0 soundless )ater *ompressors and more. T+e diagnosis of a *ondition pertaining to t+e periodontal stru*ture 2ased diseases are more important 2efore t+e treatment. Periodontal diseases are graded into minimal and moderate and severe diseases. =**ordingl t+e t+erap is *arried out0 it is impossi2le to *+e*7 all teet+ 2 2asi* oral e5amination in t+e dog patient. %en*e0 general anest+esia is re1uired 2efore t+e e5amination of t+e teet+ inside stru*tures. /urgi*al *urettage is done in *ase of advan*ed periodontal diseases using flaps and t+e teet+ e5tra*tions are also *arried out using moderate for*e and more *are is ta7en to avoid t+e *ontinuous 2leeding. Eral surgeries are underta7en after o2taining of t+e dental radio grap+s in t+e dogs and 2 *omparing t+e tissue damage )it+ normal teet+ stru*tures. T+e *on*erned veterinarians assess t+e e5tent of damage in a s stemati* manner. T+e periodontal diseases are *ontrolled 2 administration of 2road8 spe*trum anti2ioti*s in an effe*tive manner. =long )it+ t+e dental surgeries0 t+e oral treatment is done )it+ man produ*ts t+at are +elpful to prevent t+e atta*+ment of t+e tartar or pla1ue on t+e teet+. %o)ever0 reputa2le produ*ts s+ould 2e used in t+e veterinar pra*ti*e and t+e dog o)nerAs satisfa*tion is given more priorit during t+e veterinar dental t+erap .

2,. T)e importance of t)e p)ysical e3amination T+e importan*e of t+e p+ si*al e5amination need not 2e underestimated in *ase of dogs. /imple 2ut s stemati* p+ si*al e5amination te*+ni1ues ma diagnose most of t+e disorders in dogs and +en*e0 )it+out p+ si*al e5amination of t+e dog0 one s+ould not resort to 7no)ing t+e status of our dog?s +ealt+. /impl o2serve t+e dog )it+ s*rat*+ing. "at*+ t+e dog and simpl separate t+e +air material from t+e it*+ing site. To t+e surprise ou ma *ome a*ross a 2ig )ound in t+e s*rat*+ed site. T+e )ound mig+t 2e t+e main reason for t+e s*rat*+ing of t+e dog at t+at site. %o)ever0 one +as to rule out t+e o**urren*e of )ound 2 severe it*+ing itself. Ban times0 )+en t+e s*rat*+ing dog is e5amined p+ si*all 0 one *an *ome a*ross plent of li*e infestation or ti*7 pro2lem in t+e s7in and *oat. T+e parasiti* *ondition mig+t not 2e diagnosed at all if one +as not *arried out t+e p+ si*al e5amination. /imilarl 0 t+e dog ma reveal t+e signs of pain )+en t+e p+ si*al e5amination is *arried out 2 deep palpation te*+ni1ue. T+e dog s+o) signs of pain )+en t+e dog is e5amined at t+e stoma*+ or t+e 2a*7 regions. :ven if it is possi2le t+at 2 pressure 2ased palpation0 one *an dete*t t+e a*ute renal disorders in t+e affe*ted dogs turn to t+e e5amined site at t+e region of 7idne or at t+e 2a*7 region. T+e dog affe*ted 2 t+e " stitis )it+ severe retention of urine is often diagnosed 2 mere p+ si*al e5amination. T+e filled 2ladder toget+er )it+ signs of pain during t+e e5amination at t+e site of urinar 2ladder indi*ates t+at t+e animal is affe*ted 2 " stitis. =us*ultation of t+e +eart in 2ot+ rig+t and left sides +elps to rule out t+e a2normal +eart sounds and t+e pulmonar area 2ased aus*ultation reveals t+e respirator s stem disorder li7e pneumonia.

21. 4)y are regular c)ec56ups important+ 6+ are regular *+e*78ups important- :ver dog o)ner as7s t+is t pe of 1uestion0 often. ,f ou failed to do t+e regular *+e*78ups0 t+en t+e dog ma end up +aving some ma<or diseases t+at ou don?t 7no) a2out. %en*e0 ou need to pa lot of mone 2ot+ to t+e veterinarians for *onsultan* and for t+e re1uired drugs useful for t+e t+erap of t+e *lini*al *ondition. Ene ma not 2e a2le to find out t+e ver *ommonl o**urring *lini*al *onditions in *ase of t+eir dogs 2e*ause of less e5perien*e )it+ dog diseases or dog rearing. T+is is )+ *+e*7 ups are important. 'or e5ample0 if t+e dog +as pot2ell 0 t+e *ondition ma not loo7 a2normal man times. But if t+e dog is su2<e*ted to t+e regular *+e*78up0 t+en t+e veterinarian immediatel finds it out and gives t+e appropriate t+erap . ,f not0 t+e animal ma e5perien*e diarr+ea and t+e de+ dration. ,f t+e dog +as an signs of illness0 t+en donAt )ait for t+e regular *+e*78up. ,nstead0 ou need to approa*+ t+e veterinarian immediatel . "+e*7 ups if done in a regular manner )ill +elp to give va**inations against *anine distemper0 parvovirus0 *orona virus0 ra2ies virus0 +epatitis virus0 and more. Booster va**inations )ill 2e *arried out in su*+ *ases )it+out an dela in t+e in<e*tions and t+is +elps to improve t+e immunit level of t+e dog against su*+ diseases in a remar7a2le degree. @egular *+e*7 up is t+e essential one )it+ proper stools e5amination. %en*e0 t+e de)orming ma 2e *arried out )it+ drugs li7e fen2enda>ole0 al2enda>ole0 et*. =2normalities li7e signs of pain ma 2e ruled out during su*+ e5aminations. ,f not0 +elmint+iasis ma affe*t t+e animal and diarr+ea ma o**ur in addition to t+e ot+er t pes of digestive upsets and anemia. @egular e5aminations +elp to rule out t+e e5ternal parasiti* *onditions li7e li*e or ti*7 infestations. Dental pro2lems are also found out during t+e regular *+e*7 ups in reputed veterinar +ospitals.

22. 4)at )appens during an e3amination+ T+is 1uestion often loo7s so simple 2ut +olds more meanings in t+at. During t+e e5amination of our dog0 first ou need to prepare t+e dog first ps *+ologi*all for a 2etter8restrained status. 'or t+is0 ou need to ta7e a leas+ and pla*e t+e dog on ta2le 2 t+e *areful deliver of suita2le *ommand. 6+en t+e dog is tr ing to avoid t+e t+oroug+ e5amination 2 t+e veterinarian0 <ust tr to distra*t t+e dog 2 simple s*rat*+ing of our dog 2e+ind t+e ears0 et*. %en*e0 t+e dogAs attention is some )+at diverted from t+e e5amination pro*edures t+at are *arried out often in a s stemati* manner. %o)ever0 t+ere are o2edient dogs0 )+i*+ )ill remain *alm during an e5amination. /u*+ dogs need to 2e given some patting on t+e s+oulder or t+e 2od and praises. Per+aps0 man o)ners ma tr to provide some treats t+at are li7ed so mu*+ 2 t+e *on*erned dogs. %o)ever0 it all depends on t+e trainings offered to t+e *on*erned dog earlier and t+e effe*tive follo) up pro*edures 2 t+e o)ner for t+e maintenan*e of su*+ refle5es during t+e e5amination. Bu>>les are re1uired for some dogs if t+e 2e+ave in a different manner 2 o2<e*ting t+e e5amination pro*edures 2 t+e fre1uent movements of t+e 2od or tr ing to 2ite t+e veterinarian doing t+e e5amination of t+e dog. %en*e0 t+e o)ner needs to o2serve t+e dog *losel during t+e e5amination to rule out an a2normal a*tivit 2 t+e dog. @estraining a*tivities in a proper manner during t+e *lini*al e5amination of t+e dog are of +ig+l appre*ia2le if t+e are su**essful )it+ t+e *on*erned dogs. /u*+ *ontrol )ill 2e of +ig+l +elpful for t+e effe*tive e5amination of t+e patient 2 t+e *on*erned veterinarian in t+e pet *lini*. ,f t+e dog gets more distra*ted during e5amination 2 means of restlessness0 t+en one ma even use t+e ele*troni* e1uipments )+i*+ )ill ma7e some sound t+at are audi2le to t+e dogsA ear. /u*+ t+ings )ill 2e +elpful in t+e proper distra*tion of t+e animal during t+e e5amination.

23. $o( often s)ould my pet be e3amined+ Bost of t+e dog o)ners tr to find t+is ans)er in a serious manner. 6+atever t+e s*+edule )e +ave for t+e e5amination of our pet animal0 if t+ere is an a2normalit noti*ed in our animal0 )it+out dela 0 ou need to su2<e*t t+e animal for a t+oroug+ *lini*al e5amination. ,t *an 2e suggested t+at even 2efore t+e pur*+ase of a pupp 0 <ust *onsult a pet animal *are spe*ialist and tr to understand a2out t+e s*+edules to 2e maintained for t+e e5amination of t+e animal. T+is )ill +elp a lot in solving man +ealt+ related pro2lems in t+e *on*erned animal. T+oug+ on*e in t)o or t+ree mont+s is t+e general s*+edule for t+e e5amination of t+e dog0 as soon as t+e pupp is pro*ured t+e dog needs to 2e ta7en to t+e veterinarian for a t+oroug+ e5amination. %en*e0 t+e +ealt+ *are measures related program )ill 2e o2tained in time. Bost of t+e time0 t+e dog is to 2e ta7en to t+e veterinarian at fift+ or si5t+ )ee7 of age 2e*ause in t+is period onl 0 t+e va**inations against diseases )ill 2e s stemati*all *arried out. T+e period of va**ination in t+e first ear )ill 2e *ontinued up to t+e si5teent+ )ee7 of age and t+e s*+edule needs to 2e maintained a**ordingl . %o)ever0 if ou +ave t+e pregnant dog0 t+e dog need not 2e stressed 2 long distan*e 2ased transportation for e5amination purposes. %en*e0 *onsult t+e veterinarian 2 p+one and tr to redu*e t+e travel for t+e dog. %o)ever0 t+e veterinar advi*e needs to 2e o2tained in terms of +ealt+ maintenan*e. ,f t+e dog +as met )it+ an a**ident eit+er during travel or during routine movements0 t+e animal needs to 2e ta7en to t+e pet +ospital immediatel . T+oug+ no disease is evident0 it does not mean t+at t+e dog is +ealt+ . T+ere are o**asions )+erein t+e animal ma loo7 li7e a normal dog 2ut ma +ave some diseases0 )+i*+ *an 2e found out during t+e routine +ealt+ *+e*7 ups. %en*e0 t+e o)ner +as to de*ide on )+en to ta7e t+e dog to t+e +ospital depending on ne*essit .

24. $o( to administer medicine Bost of t+e times0 t+e dogs are so intelligent to find out t+e drug mi5ed )ater or food materials offered to t+em 2 t+e dog o)ners. %en*e0 often it 2e*omes a +eada*+e for t+e dog o)ners to give medi*ines to t+eir dogs. To t+e possi2le e5tent0 t+e animal need not 2e for*ed for ta7ing of t+e drug. ,f t+e medi*ine is to 2e given 2 mout+0 first de*ide )+et+er it is 2etter to give it along )it+ )ater or food. Ban times0 t+e medi*ines are mi5ed )it+ food materials and are 7ept in *on*ealed position 2 proper mi5ing of t+e medi*ine )it+ t+e food materials. Before administering t+e medi*ine0 <ust dela t+e feeding time in t+e parti*ular dog. %en*e0 t+e dog ma 2e +ungr to some e5tent. =t t+at time0 give little 1uantit of normal food )it+out medi*ine and t+e dog ma eat it )ell )it+out an suspi*ion and no) provide t+e medi*ine mi5ed food and t+e dog ma voluntaril eat it most of t+e times. ,f t+e dog resists0 first restraint t+e dog )ell and open t+e mout+. Pla*e t+e ta2let 2e+ind t+e fang teet+ and almost 2e+ind t+e 2ul2 of t+e tongue. %o)ever0 ta7e *are t+at t+e medi*ine )+at ou are administering in t+e dog s+ould not enter dire*tl into t+e respirator organ li7e lungs. ,f so0 t+e dog )ill e5perien*e man 2outs li7e a*tivities and ma end up in aspiration pneumonia )it+ severe nasal dis*+arge and panting li7e a*tivities. ,n puppies0 <ust s)a2 t+e medi*ine around t+e upper lip. T+e pupp )ill li*7 automati*all t+e drug 2 tongue. %en*e0 t+e administration 2e*omes perfe*t in su*+ *ases. ,f t+e medi*ine is in li1uid form0 donAt raise t+e +ead of dog too mu*+ and pla*e medi*ine 2 a s ringe. Fust 2 using a dropper0 fill t+e medi*ine in t+e lip po*7et. T+e *ontinuous ru22ing at t+e t+roat side ma stimulate t+e s)allo)ing. Ba7ing t+e animal t+irst and t+en offering of medi*ine mi5ed )ater ma man times +elp t+e inta7e of t+e medi*ine.

2 . 7ursing a sic5 dog 9ursing a si*7 dog is one of t+e vital measures t+at a dog o)ner needs to understand. /imilarl 0 )+en a dog 2e*omes si*70 t+e dog is in need of more *are and affe*tion 2ased a*tivities 2 t+e dog o)ners. 9ursing a si*7 animal is often *onsidered as an art and t+is s+ould not 2e ta7en as a *ausal measure. Yes. You need to ta7e e5tra *are to t+e dog )+en it 2e*omes si*7. 'or e5ample0 t+e si*7 dog )it+ +ig+ fever needs to 2e given onl some 2read pie*es and 2ul7 non8vegetarian items ma 2e avoided. /u*+ dogs s+ould 2e 7ept in some *alm pla*e after medi*ations are ta7en and s+ould not 2e distur2ed. During t+e nursing of t+e dog )+o +as ta7en t+e drug0 t+e animal needs *oa5ing and stro7ing 2 t+e o)ner. DonAt raise t+e dogAs +ead too mu*+ to avoid t+e passing of drugs given 2 t+e mout+ dire*tl into t+e respirator organs li7e lungs. During t+e nursing measures0 ta7e *are 2 giving )arm fluids. /afet is to 2e given more priorit during t+e nursing a*tivit in an dog. 6+en t+e dog +as severe diarr+ea0 t+e animal ma start s+o)ing signs of de+ dration. %en*e0 t+e nursing *are for de+ dration in*ludes an addition of small doses of salt and glu*ose to )ater in a *areful manner. /imilarl 0 t+e vomiting dog also needs proper nursing *are. ,*e *u2es ma 2e given in su*+ *ases along )it+ egg )+ites to smoot+ t+e esop+ageal passage. 9o)ada s0 a non8*onta*t 2ased infrared t+ermometer +as *ome up in t+e mar7et to o2tain t+e temperature of t+e animal )it+out mu*+ stress. Pla*e t+e dog in a s+aded pla*e if t+e temperature is so +ig+ and provide good ventilation to t+e suffering animal. ,f t+e animal is suffering from + pot+ermia0 provide )arm 2lan7ets to given *omfort to t+e animal.

2". Vaccinations Va**inations need to 2e underta7en al)a s 2 t+e pet o)ners and t+e dogs need to 2e va**inated at t+e appropriate time. T+is +elps to improve t+e resistan*e of t+e animal against some spe*ifi* diseases *ausing fre1uentl pro2lems in dogs. T+e dogs t+at are orp+aned due to t+e deat+ of t+e mot+er +ave lesser prote*tion in t+eir immune s stem. /u*+ animals are to 2e parti*ularl prote*ted against various diseases. Va**ination is usuall started at t+e age of five to si5 )ee7s and prior to t+is age0 t+e maternal immunit )ill 2e +elping t+e animal to +ave natural disease resistan*e. ,t is al)a s 2etter to de)orm t+e animal 2efore t+e va**ination and t+is is given emp+asis man times. Va**ination against t+e parvo virus is done at an earl age 2e*ause pups are often 2eing affe*ted 2 parvo viral infe*tions. T+e 2ooster dose for ea*+ va**ine needs to 2e given at appropriate time and t+is +elps to 2uild up t+e immune status to an appre*ia2le manner. Va**ination is *arried out in man *ountries against ra2ies disease. %en*e0 va**ination against ra2ies is given more emp+asis al)a s. :ven ra2ies tags are fi5ed on to t+e dog *ollar of most of t+e dogs. @a2ies va**ine is given at age of t+irteen to fifteent+ )ee7s of age and is repeated in fifteent+ mont+s time. %o)ever0 t+is depends on t+e t pe of va**ine used. En*e in t+ree ears0 t+is is repeated. ,n dogs t+at +ave not re*eived *olostrums or dogs at +ig+ ris7 areas0 give measles virus va**ine and 7illed parvovirus va**ine 2efore five )ee7s of age itself. Leptospira serovar va**ine is given at si5 to eig+t )ee7s of age and again at tent+ to t)elft+ )ee7s and at t+irteent+ to si5teent+ )ee7s. T+en annuall repeat t+is. Bordetella and l me disease va**inations are onl optional ones in *ase of dogs. Va**inations against t+e *anine parainfluen>a0 *anine parvovirus0 and *anine adenovirus t pe8 t)o is similar to t+e s*+edule maintained )it+ leptospiral serovars.

2#. !ommon /uestions about vaccinations "ommon 1uestions a2out va**inations are to 2e understood 2 t+e dog o)ners0 as a priorit . Ene of t+e *ommon 1uestions is )+et+er t+e dog needs to 2e given va**ination on t+e first )ee7 of age or not. T+e dogs need not 2e va**inated )it+in five to si5 )ee7s of age. But0 if t+e did not re*eive va**inations0 t+en t+e va**ination against t+e parvoviral infe*tions used to 7ill viral va**ines and measles disease ma 2e given. =not+er *ommon 1uestion is )+et+er dog is to 2e given 2ordetella disease va**ine and l me disease va**ine. 9o0 t+ese va**ines are onl optional. "an t+e parvoviral va**ine *an 2e used in first )ee7 of life- 9o. T+is )ill interfere )it+ maternal anti2od levels. "an a pregnant animal 2e va**inated- Yes. T)o to t+ree )ee7s earlier to pregnan* a*tivit t+at is e5pe*ted0 t+e pregnant animal ma 2e va**inated against viral diseases. T+is +elps to provide maternal anti2odies to t+e oung one to 2e given 2irt+. ,s t+ere an need to give ra2ies va**ine to dogs- Yes. ,t is a must to go for t+e anti ra2ies va**ine for dogs. 6+en t+is anti8ra2ies va**ine is given to t+e dogs0 )+at pre*aution does one need to underta7e in t+is regard- @a2ies va**ine is given at age of t+irteen to fifteen )ee7s of age and s+ould to 2e repeated in fifteen mont+s and t+en on*e in t+ree ears. ,t is important t+at t+e dog is given t+is va**ine. %o)ever0 t+is depends on t+e ris7 area. ,s t+ere an need for *anine distemper va**ination in *ase of dogs- Yes. T+ere is a spe*ifi* re1uirement in t+e *ase of dogs for t+e va**ination against t+e *anine distemper. T+is disease is more prevalent in most of t+e *ountries. ,s t+ere an va**ination against leptospirosis and at )+at age0 t+e dog is to 2e va**inated- T+is is to 2e given at age of at si5 to eig+t )ee7s of age0 again at tent+ to t)elft+ )ee7s0 and again at t+irteent+ to si5teent+ )ee7s of age.

2%. -paying and neutering /pa ing and neutering of dogs are +ig+l )anted if ou donAt )ant to 2reed t+e dogs and +o)ever0 t+ese a*tivities need to 2e *arried out 2 1ualified veterinarians spe*iali>ed in pet *are and management. =nest+esia is re1uired along )it+ due surgi*al pro*edures for *arr ing out t+e spa ing and neutering. Ene +as to understand first t+e terms li7e spa ing or neutering. Bot+ are related to t+e surgi*al approa*+es of sterili>ation in *ase of females and males respe*tivel . %o)ever0 t+e term neutering is also related to su*+ pro*edures in 2ot+ se5es. =**idental pregnan*ies t+at are not )anted *an 2e +ig+l minimi>ed 2 t+ese pro*edures. /pa ing and neutering +elps to prevent o**urren*e of p ometra0 )+i*+ is a *ommon reprodu*tive disorder8giving pro2lem to t+e dog o)ners. ,n male dogs0 t+e neutering +elps to prevent t+e o**urren*e of prostate enlargement or *an*er. %en*e0 t+ese +elp to minimi>e t+e in*iden*es of reprodu*tive disorders in dogs. B t+ese spa ing and neutering0 t+e male dogAs desire in sear*+ of female dog in +eat is +ig+l minimi>ed and +en*e0 )andering of male dog is redu*ed. T+e animal 2e*omes *alm also 2 t+ese surgi*al remedies. Territorial 2e+avior of t+ese animals is also +ig+l minimi>ed 2 t+ese in *ase of male dogs. /pa ing of our dog 2efore t+e o**urren*e of first +eat is t+e 2est one to avoid t+e in*iden*e of 2reast *an*er. ,f t+e dog is spa ed after t+e first +eat0 t+e *+an*es of o**urren*e of 2reast *an*er in t+em is more and +as 2een proved 2 resear*+. Younger group of dogs need to 2e su2<e*ted to t+ese operations to avoid *ompli*ations in future. Ban veterinarians prefer t+e spa ing and neutering of dogs onl at t+e age of five to si5 ears. %o)ever0 t+ese *an 2e performed even at t+e age of t+ree to five ears. Postoperative *are needs to 2e follo)ed meti*ulousl to avoid t+e o**urren*e of infe*tions 2 mi*ro2ial organisms.

2'. -paying of t)e &emale dog /pa ing of t+e female dog is underta7en to *ontrol t+e un)anted pregnan* 2 *rossing of some un7no)n or *ountr or non8des*ript dogs. T+e spa ing of t+e dog redu*es t+e aggressiveness of t+e dog. B spa ing0 one *an redu*e t+e in*iden*es of t+e *ommonl en*ountered reprodu*tive diseases li7e p ometra. /pa ing also +elps to *ontrol t+e population in *ase of stra animals and man nations are doing t+ese operations 2 removing t+e ovaries from t+e female animals. :5perien*ed veterinarians are re1uired to do t+e spa ing in *ase of female dogs and t+e postoperative *are is to 2e given more emp+asis. ,f proper *ontrol measures are not ta7en after t+e surgi*al operation for t+e removal of ovar 0 t+en t+e infe*tions ma start setting in and t+e animal ma end up in development of peritonitis and t+en to5emia sets in0 *ausing un)anted +ealt+ pro2lems. Deat+ of t+e dog ma finall o**ur0 if t+e dog is not provided an effe*tive and proper veterinar *are. = female dog t+at is spa ed 2efore t+e o**urren*e of first +eat )ill +ave almost a >ero *+an*e of development of mammar *an*er0 )+i*+ is more *ommon )it+ t+e dogs t+at are not spa ed. = female dog generall *omes to +eat on*e in eig+t mont+s or so. During t+e +eat o**urren*e0 t+ere is 2leeding from vagina and t+e dog ma *ross )it+ t+e un)anted male and t+e spa ing a*tivit prevents all t+ese. ,n *ase of aged dogs0 t+e dog ma often get signs of in*reased t+irst0 anore5ia0 vomiting et*. t+at are so *ommon )it+ p ometra. P ometra means t+e presen*e of pus in t+e uterus. En*e p ometra o**urs0 it involves man dis*omforts to t+e animal in addition to t+e *ost fa*tor involved for t+e t+erap also. /u*+ p ometra is totall prevented 2 spa ing 2e*ause in t+e *ase of spa ing0 ou are removing 2ot+ ovaries and t+e uterus.

3,. -urgical neutering of t)e male dog /urgi*al neutering of t+e male dog is important in +elping t+e dog o)ners to *ontrol t+e male dogAs aggressive 2e+avior. Yes. B doing t+e surgi*al neutering0 it 2e*omes possi2le to *ontrol t+e dogAs restlessness0 )+i*+ mig+t +ave *aused so mu*+ agon for t+e o)ner and +en*e0 neutering *orre*ts su*+ a*tivit to t+e 2enefit of t+e dog o)ner. 6+en t+e dog is in pupp stage0 t+e dog ma 2e su2<e*ted to t+e surgi*al neutering te*+ni1ue. %en*e0 t+e +ormonal impa*t is +ig+l minimi>ed in su*+ male dogs. T+e surgi*al neutering of t+e male dog +elps to prevent t+e in*iden*es of prostate gland diseases. Generall 0 in *ase of male dogs0 t+e prostate enlargement is more *ommon. ,n *anine patients undergone t+e surgi*al neutering0 t+e in*iden*es of su*+ prostate enlargement are totall minimi>ed. /ometimes0 t+e adult male dog +as more diffi*ulties during defe*ation. %o)ever0 one +as to rule out t+e feed 2orne *onstipation li7e la*7 of fi2ers et*. 2efore resorting to t+e fi5ation of prostate enlargement as a *ause for t+is. "onstipation is mainl due to t+e in*reased si>e of t+e prostate gland. 9eutering ma7es s+rin7age of t+e prostate gland. ,n surgi*al neutering0 t+e in*ision is pla*ed in front of t+e s*rotum and t+e testi*les are removed in a surgi*al manner using asepti* te*+ni1ues. T+e )ound need not 2e *losed e5*ept t+e t ing up of t+e *ord after *utting of t+e testi*le. %o)ever0 in t)o to t+ree da s time0 as a routine tissue rea*tion0 some s)elling ma o**ur in t+e s*rotum. %o)ever0 on*e ou administer t+e anti2ioti* t+at +as a 2roader spe*trum of a*tivities0 t+e *ondition gets re*overed in a satisfa*tor *ondition. /epti* s+o*7 ma o**ur if t+e surgi*al site gets infe*ted )it+ some mi*ro2ial infe*tions and in t+ese *ases0 t+e )ound needs a t+oroug+ dressing pro*edure and t+e patient needs to 2e *ontinuousl monitored in a *lini*al environment. Ta7e note t+at lo*al animal organi>ations perform t+e surgi*al neutering )+en t+e stra male dogs are *aptured 2 t+em.

31. 2et )ealt) insurance Pet +ealt+ insuran*e is +ig+l re1uired no)ada s 2e*ause of t+e es*alating *ost fa*tors pertaining to t+e +ealt+ maintenan*e in dogs and ot+er animals. Dog o)ners need to find pet insuran*e firms t+at settle dues to t+e pet o)ners )it+out mu*+ dela and in a more appropriate manner. Pet +ealt+ insuran*e firms re*entl *ome for)ard to settle t+e dues in a proper manner after t+e due verifi*ation of t+e *laim. ,f an t+ing +appens0 dog *are *osts *an add up )it+out insuran*e. %en*e0 7no) t+e approved list of our lo*al animal *are +ospitals. :ven +ave t+e list of veterinar e5perts )+o are spe*iali>ed in dogAs +ealt+ *are and disease management measures. Ban firms *over up t+e *ost made to)ards underta7ing of surgeries0 radiograp+i* e5aminations0 treatment of spe*ifi* *onditions0 la2orator fees to)ards underta7ing of various la2orator e5aminations0 and more. T+ere is a )eig+ting period 2efore t+e approval of our poli* 2 most of t+e insuran*e firms after t+e enrolling from ou so it?s good to start earl . ,f ou donAt li7e t+e insuran*e firm0 at an time0 ou *an *an*el t+e insuran*e poli* . = li*ensed veterinarian list s+ould 2e availa2le )it+ all insuran*e firms. Ban pa ment options are availa2le for t+e pet o)ners. ,t is 2etter to enroll t+e dogs or ot+er pets 2efore t+e 2e*ome adults. T+e animals )+en t+e are oung need to 2e enrolled as a priorit . ,t is al)a s 2etter to t+e *onsumers )+o are t+e dog o)ners. Before t+e dogs +ave an illness0 a**idents0 or get into t+e pre8e5isting *onditions as 1uoted 2 man pet +ealt+ insuran*e firms0 insuran*e *overage needs to 2e entered 2 t+e dog o)ners. T+e medi*al +istor of our dog )ill 2e su2<e*ted to t+e full revie) 2 t+e insuran*e firms0 so start soon.

32. !lipping a dog Ban dog o)ners generall t+in7 of *lipping as onl a me*+ani*al a*tivit . 'e) understand t+at *lipping a dog is an art. "lipping a *oat or nail needs to 2e *arried out in a *areful manner to avoid t+e in<uries to t+e s7in or nail. "lipping of t+e *oat is to 2e ta7en *are of as per t+e 2reed *+ara*teristi*s. ,f t+e *oat is not properl *lipped0 t+is ma lead to t+e dust a**umulation in t+e *oat and t+e animal ma start s+o)ing signs of s7in diseases. T+is is true espe*iall )+en t+e grooming a*tivities are not done in a proper manner. "lipping of *oat +elps to get rid of t+e parasiti* 2urden to a greater e5tent and also0 t+e *lipping of our dog is of more useful to e5pose on t+e t pe of parasiti* pro2lem t+at t+e dog is li7el to suffer. Ban pet +ealt+ parlors are availa2le )+erein t+e *lipping of dog )ill 2e *arried out in a more s stemati* manner. =l)a s ma7e use of a s+arp *lipper and in t+e )inter regions0 avoid t+e *lose *lipping. T+is is due to t+e fa*t t+at t+e *loser *lipping in t+e )inter seasons ma e5pose t+e dog to t+e environmental stresses li7e t+e *old *limate. %en*e0 t+e dog ma 2e*ome more vulnera2le to t+e frost2ite. =void t+e *lose *lipping of *oat or nail 2e*ause t+is ma *ause in<ur to t+e underl ing tissues and ma *ause 2leeding in t+e *on*erned animal. Ban pet o)ners need to avoid an *lipping a*tivit )+en t+e animal is not in +ealt+ status. "lipping instruments are availa2le to a greater e5tent in man pet s+ops. =void t+e 2lunt instruments 2e*ause t+e ma not *lip )ell and +en*e0 repetition is re1uired often. =l)a s use modern e1uipments for *lipping a*tivities.

33. &irst steps in grooming Grooming is one of t+e important a*tivities to 2e 7no)n )ell 2 t+e dog o)ner. ,f t+e dog o)ner is not a)are of t+e grooming0 t+en t+e dog ma en*ounter man t pes of diseases. 'irst steps of grooming *onsists of a*tivities li7e maintenan*e of *oat0 nails and ears. T+e maintenan*e of t+e *oat mainl *onsists of enri*+ment measures li7e proper 2at+ing0 *om2ing0 dr ing of s7in 2 dr ers0 and more. T+e animal need not 2e 2at+ed dail and t+is +elps to prote*t t+e s7inAs *+ara*teristi*s li7e insulation feature. Use *onditioners and s+ampoos t+at are meant for dogs. "om2ing needs to 2e *arried out )it+ a soft 2rus+ meant for use in *ase of dogs. T+ere are varieties of 2rus+es availa2le and depending on t+e t pe of 2reeds0 one *an use t+e *on*erned 2rus+. T+is grooming of t+e *oat 2 a *om2 needs to 2e *arried out dail and t+e fallen +air if an needs to 2e pla*ed in dust 2in al)a s. Et+er)ise0 )+en t+e dog o)ners s)it*+ on t+e fan0 t+e +air )ill fl and ma enter t+e nostrils of persons. =l)a s donAt *lip too mu*+ 2e*ause t+is ma lead to in<uries of nail al)a s. /imilarl 0 ou need to *arr all t+e materials re1uired for t+e *lipping )it+ ou 2efore t+e start of t+e pro*edure. Use a s+arp *lipper designed for use in *ase of dogs. ,t is 2etter to +ave t+e dog on t+e raised pla*e and +en*e0 t+e *ontrol of t+e animal is easier. :ar *anals are to 2e *+e*7ed up fre1uentl and sterile *otton ma 2e used for *leaning purposes. Grooming asso*iated guidelines need to 2e follo)ed stri*tl 2 t+e dog o)ners. 9ail8maintenan*e is one of t+e first steps of grooming a*tivities. Live nail areas *an 2e easil *lipped a)a and are al)a s lig+t *olored t+an t+e reddis+ area of t+e nail in t+e +ig+er position. During t+e +olding of our dog?s feet 2 ou0 al)a s +ave a firm grip. ,f not0 t+e dog )ill ta7e an upper +and during t+e *lipping and some in<ur ma o**ur.

34. Bat)ing a dog Bat+ing a dog needs to 2e given more emp+asis. T+is is 2e*ause of t+e fa*t t+at if ou are *areless in 2at+ing0 t+e animal ma end up +aving some infe*tions. 'or e5ample0 if ou donAt *lose t+e ears )it+ large *otton 2all0 t+e )ater ma enter into ear *anals and ma *ause some ear infe*tions )it+ signs li7e *onstant dis*+arge from t+e ears and s+a7ing of +ead. 're1uen* of 2at+ing a*tuall depends on t+e 2reed of t+e dog. ,f t+e dog is of a +air t pe li7e t+e *o*7er spaniel0 t+en t+e 2at+ing is to 2e *arried out on*e in si5 to eig+t )ee7s. ,f t+ese 2reeds are 2at+ed too fre1uentl 0 t+en t+e s7in and *oat loose t+e prote*tive *+ara*ters. %o)ever0 )+en t+e dog +as defe*ated on t+e s7in due to t+e fre1uent digestive upsets leading to diarr+ea0 to avoid t+e 2ad smell0 t+e dog ma 2e su2<e*ted to fre1uent 2at+ing some times 2 t+e o)ners. Ta7e more *are in avoiding some irritant soaps or +uman soaps. T+e soap materials used for +uman 2eings are not suita2le for dogs. /imilarl 0 man +uman s+ampoo produ*ts are +aving some ingredients t+at are not suita2le in t+e proportions t+at are to 2e used in *ase of dogs. %en*e0 al)a s tr to use t+e s+ampoo produ*ts t+at are mentioned mainl for use in dogs. Ta7e more *are in using an ne) produ*t. =l)a s +ave good time and patien*e for produ*ts re1uired for 2at+ing in one pla*e )it+ availa2ilit of )ater sour*e. Dogs love t+e sprin7ling of )ater0 river0 and o*eans. :ven )+en ou are using 2at+tu20 +ave ever t+ing in one pla*e and t+en start 2at+ing of t+e dog. Tr to +ave a leas+0 *onditioner0 to)el0 and s+ampoo in t+e 2at+ pla*e. "onditioner is of +elpful to ma7e t+e *om2ing a*tivit easier later. Bat+ing s+ould 2e a *onvenient a*tivit to 2ot+ t+e dog and t+e o)ner. T+is s+ould not 2e a 2urden.

3 . 2et *dentification Pet identifi*ation is +ig+l re1uired in t+ese da s 2e*ause of t+e need for t+e li*ensing of t+e dog in a proper manner and to redu*e t+e num2ers of t+e stra dog mena*e in streets. Pet identifi*ation is done 2 man met+ods0 )+i*+ are different from ea*+ ot+er. T+e *ost fa*tor for t+at also +as variations a**ordingl . T+e identifi*ation of our pet ma 2e done 2 personali>ed tags0 some times 2 t+e muni*ipal li*ense tag0 ra2ies tag0 and more. Bost of t+e time0 our telep+one num2er and our name )ill 2e on a pla*e in t+e personali>ed tags of t+e dogs. ,f an 2od en*ounters t+e dog a**identall during t+e event of missing of t+e dog )ill 2e*ome *apa2le of reporting t+e fa*ts to t+e *on*erned offi*ials. Plasti* and metal pet identifi*ation tags are availa2le in multiple *olors and t+e dog o)ners *an *+oose t+e *olor t+e )ant. %o)ever0 man sele*t t+e refle*tive t pe of dog tags along )it+ t+e *ollars. %en*e0 t+e dogs *an 2e identified even in dar7ness to a greater e5tent. 9o)ada s0 man ele*troni* gadgets are availa2le li7e mi*ro*+ips )+i*+ are em2edded into t+e dog. %o)ever0 t+ese 7inds of ele*troni* *+ips need to 2e implanted 2e+ind t+e ears and on*e implanted0 t+is )ill reveal all t+e data em2edded in t+is in t+e *omputer. = *ollard and tagged animal ma7es an indi*ation t+at it is not a stra animal and t+is gives more se*urit to t+e dog. Traditional forms of identifi*ation of t+e animal li7e tattooing is no) a da not *arried in dogs. T+us tra*ing t+e missed animal )ill 2e*ome easier for t+e pet o)ners mainl due to t+e identifi*ation82ased dog *ollars.