EWSD Switching Network

Switching Network

1.0 Introduction

Switching network (SN) performs the switching function for speech as well
as for messages in an EWSD exchange. For this purpose it is connected to LTGs
and CCNC for speech/data and to CP (through MB) for exchange of control
information. Switching network with ultimate capacity upto 63 LTGs is called SN
DE4. For larger exchanges SN DE5.1 is used which can connect upto 126 LTGs.
Similarly SN DE5.2 can connect upto 252 and SN DE5.4 upto 504 LTGs.

DLU LTG(B)

LTG(C)

CCNC

MB
SYP CP
CCG
SN

OMT PRINTER
MTU
MDD

Figure 1. Position of Switching Network in EWSD

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EWSD Switching Network

2.0 General Features

Switching network is provided in capacity stages SN:63LTG to SN:504LTG,

i.e. upto 63 LTGs can be connected or, via other intermediate capacity stages, upto
504 LTGs can be connected. The modularly expandable SN has negligibly small
internal blocking and can be used in EWSD exchanges of all types and sizes.

The self monitoring switching network uses a uniform through connection

format. Octets (8 bit speech samples) from the incoming time slots are switched to
the outgoing time slots leading to the desired destination fully transparently. This
means that each bit of all octets is transmitted to the output of the switching
network in the way that it appears at the input (bit integrity). For each connection
made via the switching network, the octets have the same sequence at the output as
at the input (digit sequence integrity). The switching network’s full availability
makes it possible for each incoming octet to be switched at any time to any
outgoing highway at the output of the switching network. The time slots used in
switching network for making through-connections make up a 64 kbit/s connection
path.

All of the switching network’s internal highways have a bit rate of 8192
bits/s (Secondary Digital Carriers, SDCs). 128 time slots with a transmission
capacity of 64 kbits/s each (128x64 = 8192 kbits/s) are available on each 8192
kbits/s highway. Separate cables each containing several (eight or sixteen) such
internal highways, are used for each transmission direction. All externally
connected highways also have the same uniform bit rate.

The switching network combines the numerous switching network functions

in a few module types. These modules work at very high through-connection bit
rates; 8192 kbits/s and some even at 32768 kbit/s. For example 1024 connections
can be switched simultaneously through a space stage with 16 inputs and 16
outputs. Although these highly integrated switching network modules switch a large
number of connections with a high degree of reliability, the EWSD switching
networks are always duplicated. The amount of space needed for the switching
network in the EWSD exchange is still very low despite this duplication.

Two different switching network versions have been supplied in India:

* Switching network [SN] supplied with first 110K order.
* Switching network B [SN(B)] supplied with subsequent orders.

3.0 Position and Functional Structure

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EWSD Switching Network

Switching network is connected to LTGs and CCNC for speech/data and to

CP (through MB) for exchange of control information. Figure 1 shows the position
of switching network in EWSD exchange with reference to other equipments.

For security reasons, entire SN is duplicated. The two sides of SN (SN0 and
SN1) are called planes. The external highways for both transmission directions i.e.
between the switching network and one LTG or between the switching network and
one Message Buffer Unit (MBU) are identified as follows as shown in figure 2.

* SDC:LTG interface between SN and LTG: time slot 0 for message exchange
between the LTG and coordination processor (CP) as well as between two
LTGs, time slot 1 to 127 for subscriber connections.

* SDC:CCNC interface between the SN and the common channel signaling

network (CCNC): for common channel signaling.

* SDC:TSG interface between SN and a message buffer unit assigned to CP

(MBU:LTG) for message exchange between the CP and the LTGs as well as
between the LTGs.

* SDC:SGC between the SN and an MBU:SGC of the CP for setting up and

clearing connections .

Switching network in EWSD exchanges uses time and space switching and
therefore it is functionally divided into Time Stage Group (TSG) and Space Stage
Group (SSG). SN DE4 with capacity stage SN:63LTG has a TST structure and
TSG/SSG division is not applicable in this case.

TSGs and SSGs are interconnected through internal 8 Mb/s interfaces called
SDC:SSG. TSGs of both planes are connected to SSGs of both planes, and thus
these provide further security.

Each TSG and SSG have its own Switch Group Control(SGC) that is
connected to CP via MB through interfaces SDC:SGC.

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EWSD Switching Network

SN
SDC:LTG
LTG 1

SDC:SSG
TIME
SDC:LTG STAGE
LTG n GROUP
OF SPACE
SDC:SSG
SN:DE 5 STAGE
SDC:CCNC GROUP
CCNC OF
OR
SN:DE4 SN:DE5

MB
SDC:TSG
MBU

CP SDC:SGC
MBU SGC
SDC:SGC
MBU SGC

Figure 2: SN Internal and External Interfaces

TABLE 1: SN Capacity Stages

Capacity stages of SN:63LTG SN:126LTG SN:252LTG SN:504LTG

switching network (DE 4) (DE 5.1) (DE 5.2) (DE 5.4)

Switchable traffic(E) 3150 6300 12600 25200

Local Exchanges
No. of lines 30000 60000 125000 250000
Transit Exchanges
No. of trunks 7500 15000 30000 60000

Structure TST TSSST TSSST TSSST

Connectable no. of 63 126 252 504
LTGs or or or or or
LTG+CCNC 62+1 125+1 251+1 503+1

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4.0 Capacity Stages

The present version of SN is available in capacity stages SN:63LTG,

SN:126LTG, SN:252LTG and SN:504LTG. Modular structure permits partially
equipped SN. Upgradation from DE5.1 to DE5.2 and from DE5.2 to DE5.4 is
possible with the help of supplier. SN DE4 is not upgradable to DE5.1 as TSG and
SSG are not separately identified in SN DE4. The traffic handling capacity,
connectability for various capacity stages of SN are shown in Table 1.

5.0 Functional Units of SN

5.1 Switching path

The switching network is subdivided into time stage groups (TSG) and
space stage groups (SSG). Due to its modular structure, the EWSD switching
network can be partially equipped as needed and expanded step by step. The
switching network uses the following switching stages:

• one time stage incoming (TSI)

• three space stages (SS) and
• one time stage outgoing (TSO).

These time and space stages (functional units), shown in figure 3, are
located in the following module types:

• Link interface module between TSM and LTG (LIL)

• time stage module (TSM)
• link interface module between TSG and SSG (LIS)
• space stage module 8|15 (SSM8|15)
• space stage module 16|16 (SSM16|16)

The switching network capacity stage SN:63LTG, however has a TST

structure with only one space stage as shown in figure 4. Module types LIS and
SSM 8|15 are not there in SN:63 LTG. Further, the modules and the TSGs/SSGs are
interconnected

A list of the various modules used in SN is given in Table 2.

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EWSD Switching Network

TSG1.0 SSG1.0
TSG0.0 SSG0.0
TS0 SSM
15|8

LTG SSM
TSI 8|15

LIS SSM 8|15 SSM16|16

LIL TSM LIS

SGC LIM SGC LIM

MBU:SGC MBU:SGC
SN1
Figure 3: The seven module types in SN:DE5
SN0

TSO
LTG
TSI

LIL TSM SSM 16|16

SGC LIM

MBU:SGC

Figure 4: The five module types in SN:DE4

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EWSD Switching Network

5.1.1 LIL & LIS: The receiver components of the LIL and LIS compensate for
differences in propagation times via connected highways. Thus, they produce phase
synchronization between the incoming information on the highways. These
differences in propagation times occur because an exchange’s racks are set up at
varying distances to each other. Module LIL is connected on the interface to LTGs
and has 4 inputs and 4 outputs while module LIS is connected on the interface to
SSG and has 8 inputs and 8 outputs.

5.1.2. TSM: The number of TSMs in a switching network is always equal to the number
of LILs. Each TSM contains one time stage incoming (TSI) and one time stage
outgoing (TSO) (Figure 5). The TSI and the TSO handle the incoming or outgoing
information in the switching network. Between input and output, octets can change
their time slot and highway via time
stages. Octets on four incoming TSM
highways are cyclically written into
the speech memory of a TSI or 0
0 • SSM16|16
TSO (4x128 = 512 locations • TSO • or LIS
corresponding to 512 different time LIL• •
slots). The speech memory areas 0 •
3
and 1 are used alternately in 3
consecutive 125- microseconds 0 0
periods for writing the octets. The • • SSM16|16
TSI • or LIS
connections to be made determine LIL • •
the octet sequence during read-out. • 3
The stored octets are read-out to any 3
one of 512 time slots and then
transferred via four outgoing
highways. Figure 5 : Time stage
module (TSM)
5.1.3. SSM8|15 and SSM 16|16: The SSM 8|15 contains two space stages as shown in
figure 6. One space stage is used for transmission direction LIS  SSM 8|15 
SSM 16|16 and has 8 inlets and 15 outlets while a second space stage is used for
transmission direction SSM 16|16  SSM 15|8  LIS and has 15 inlets and 8
outlets. Via space stages, octets can change their highways between input and
output, but they retain the same time slot. Space stages 8|15, 16|16 and 15|8 switch
the received octets synchronously with the time slots and the 125-microsecond
periods. The connections to be switched change in consecutive time slots. In this
process, the octets arriving on incoming highways are “spatially” distributed to
outgoing highways . In capacity stages with a TST structure, the SSM 16|16
Switches the octets received from the TSIs directly to the TSOs.

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EWSD Switching Network
SSM16|16 SSM8|15

0 0
0 0
LIS SS 8|15 SSM16|16
TSM TSM
or or 7 14
SSM8|15 SSM8|15

0 0
SS 15|8
LIS SSM16|16
15
7 14

Figure 6 : Space stage modules (SSM16|16 and SSM8|15)

TABLE 2: List of Modules used in SN

No. of No. of No. of Remarks

PCB cards in cards in cards in
SN:63 TSG of SSG of
LTG SN:DE5 SN:DE5
LIL 16 16 - One LIL can connect upto 4
LTGs. The cards LIL and TSM
TSM 16 16 - are always used in pairs

LIS - 8 16 This PCB has 8 inlets and 8

outlets. LIS and SSM8|15
SSM8|15 - - 16 are always used in pairs

SSM16|16 4 - 15 Used to cross connect outlets of

16 SSM8/15 to inlets of SSM15/8
LIM 1 1 1
These two PCBs are used
SGC 1 1 1 in the SGC

DCC(B) 2 2 2 Separate shelf is provided for

the DCC(B)s in the rack

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EWSD Switching Network

5.2 Control section:

Each TSG, each SSG, and with SN:63LTG, each switching network side has
its own control. These controls each consist of two modules viz. switch group
control (SGC) and link interface module between SGC and MBU:SGC (LIM)

An SGC consists of a microprocessor with accompanying memory and

peripheral components. The main tasks of an SGC are to handle CP commands
(such as connection setup and cleardown), message generation and routine test
execution. Apart from the interface to the message buffer unit (MBU:SGC), an LIM
has a hardware controller (HWC) and a clock generator for clock distribution .

5.3 Firmware

The firmware for the switching network is permanently stored in the

program memory of each SGC. For this reason, it does not have to be loaded or
initialized by the coordination processor (CP). SN firmware is organized in the
following manner:

• executive control programs

• call processing programs
• maintenance programs
• startup and safeguarding programs

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EWSD Switching Network

6.0 Switching network (B)

Switching network (B) is a special compact version of switching network

wherein a number of functional units are integrated over a single module. This
arrangement has the following advantages:

* reduction in shelf space

* reduction in number of PCB types
* utilisation of available space in SN rack for accommodating LTGs

Functionally SN(B) is entirely similar to SN. However, only the following

five types of modules are used in SN(B) as shown in table 3.

TSMB: Two LILs and two time stage modules TSMs are combined to
form one TSMB.
LISB: This is formed by combining two LIS functional units in a TSG.
SSM8B: Two LIS and two SSM8|15 functional units in a SSG are combined
to form one SSM8B.
SSM16B: This is formed by combining eight SSM16|16 functional units.
SGCB: Functional units LIM and SGC are combined to form one SGCB.

TABLE 3: SN(B) Modules

No. of No. of No. of

PCB cards in cards in cards in Equivalent modules in SN
SN(B) TSG of SSG of
:63LTG SN(B):DE5 SN(B):DE5
TSMB 8 8 - 2 X TSM +
2 X LIL
LIS - 4 - 2 X LIS of TSG

SSM8B - - 8 2 X LIS of SSG +

2 X SSM8|15
SSM16B 1 - 2 8 X SSM16|16

SGCB 1 1 1 LIM +
SGC
DCCMS 1 1 1 Provided in same shelf
containing SN/TSG/SSG

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EWSD Switching Network

7.0 Rack Assignment Fuse Panel

Both planes of SN:

63 LTG are accommodated
in two frames of a single
SN rack. In case of SN:126
LTG, both planes of one
TSG or SSG occupy one
rack each. Thus there are
two racks for 2 TSGs and
one rack for one SSG. TSG0.x or SSG0.x or SN0
SN:252LTG and SN:504
LTG have rack assignment
similar to SN: 126 LTG and
*)
occupy 6 and 12 racks
respectively. Rack
assignment for SN is shown 2450 mm
in figure 7.
TSG1x or SSG1x or SN1
In case of SN(B)
both planes of SN(B) of SN
DE4 and both planes of
TSG or SSG of SN DE5 are
accommodated in two
frames of a single SN rack.
However since each such
frame consists of one shelf
only, the balance space in
the rack is utilised for
accommodating LTGs. The
TSG shelf still
DCC(B)
accommodates one TSG
whereas the SSG shelf can
accomodate two SSGs in
case of SN (B) . The 770 mm
composite rack is called
rack for SN(B)/LTG. Rack *) duplicated time stage group (TSG),
assignment for SN(B)/LTG duplicated space stage group (SSG), or
is shown in figure 8. both SN:63LTG sides (SN0 and SN1)

Figure 7: Rack for Switching Network (R:SN)

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EWSD Switching Network

Fuse Panel Fuse Panel

TSG0.x or SSG0.x or SN0

F:LTG0
*)

TSG1x or SSG1x or SN1

F:LTG1

F:LTG0 F:LTG2

F:LTG1 F:LTG3

TSG0.x or SSG0.x or SN0 *)

F:LTG2

TSG1x or SSG1x or SN1

F:LTG3

*) duplicated time state group (TSG), duplicated space stage group(s) (SSG) or both
SN:63LTG sides (SN0 and SN1)

Figure 8. Rack for switching network B and line/trunk group

(R:SN(B)/LTG) with cable lead-in from
top (left) and from bottom (right)

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EWSD Switching Network

8.0 Module Frame Layout

8.1. SN:63LTG

One plane of SN:63LTG is accommodated in one frame consisting of

two shelves. The arrangement of modules in module frame for SN:63LTG is
shown in figure 9.

SN0
or
SN1

S S
S S
T T T T T T T T
LI LI LI LI M LI M LI LI LI LI
S S S S S S S S
L L L L 16 M 16 L L L L
M M M M M M M M
| |
16 16

S S
S S
T T T T S T T T T
LI LI LI LI M M LI LI LI LI
S S S S G S S S S
L L L L 16 16 L L L L
M M M M C M M M M
| |
16 16

Figure 9: Module Locations (SN:63LTG)

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EWSD Switching Network

8.2. SN:126LTG and higher capacity stages

One TSG or one SSG of SN:126LTG or above occupies one frame

consisting of two shelves. The arrangement of modules in module frame for
SN:126LTG or above is shown in figure 10 (a) and (b).

Row Supporting Plate

T T L T T
S S I S L SL
A L
L T L T L T L L L L L M MLM I M I
I
I S I S I S I I I I I L L
TS L
L ML ML ML S S S S
M LI
0 M
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B 0
0 1 1 2 2 3 3 0 4 1 5 0 0
4
0 0 0 0 6 0 7
4 5 5 6 7
T T L T T
S S I S L SL
C L
L T L T L T L L L L L M MLM I M I
I
I S I S I S I I I I I L L
TS L
L ML ML ML S S S S S
M
G
0
C
8
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
D 1
8 9 9 0 0 1 1 2 6 3 7 1 1
2
1 1 1 1 4 1 5
2 3 3 4 5

001 011 021 031 044 050 061 070 076 087 097 107 117
006 016 026 036 092 102 112 122

MOLOC

Figure 10 (a): Module Locations (TSG)

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EWSD Switching Network

S S S S S S S S S S S
S S S S
A S S S S S S S S S S S
S L L L L S S S S
M M M M M MM M M MM L L L L
S I I I I M M M M
8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I
M S S S S 8 8 8 8
/ / / 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 S S S S
8/ LI / / / /
1 1 1 / / / / / / / /
15 M 1 1 1 1
5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3
B 4 5 6 7
00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 5 6 7
2 3 0 4 8 2 1 5 9 3

S S
L S S S S S S S S S S S S S
S
C I S S S S S S S S S M S S L S
S L M L L
S ML ML M M MM M M M 8 L M M I M
S I 8 I I
8 I 8 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 / I 8 8S 8
M S / S S
/ S / S 6 6 6 6 S 6 6 6 1S / / /
8/ 1
1 1 / / / / G / / / 5 1 1 1
15 5
5 5 1 1 1 1 C 1 1 1 5 13 5 14 5 15
9 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 12 4
8 10 11 3 5
D 12 2 13 14 14
88 8 9 0 1 5 7
10 11 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 3 4 5
9
90 1 2 6 0 4 3 7 1 5 6 7

001 011 021 031 041 047 053 061 073 079 087 097 107 117
006 016 026 036 001 057 067 083 092 102 112 122

MOLOC Figure 10 (b): Module Locations (SSG)

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EWSD Switching Network

T T S
T T LIG LI LI T T T T
S S S LI S S S S S DC
S S C S
M M M S B M M M M CM
M B B B
B B B B B B B B S
B

Figure 11 (a): Module Frame for TSG(B) (F:TSG(B))

S S S S
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
S S S S S
DCS S S S S S S S S S S S G S S S S DC
M G M M M
CMM M M M M M M M M M M M C M M M M CM
1 C 1 1 1
S 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 B 8 8 8 8 S
6 B 6 6 6
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
B B B B

Figure 11 (b): Module frame for two SSG(B) (F:SSG(B))

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EWSD Switching Network

8.3 SN(B):126LTG and higher capacity stages

One TSG or two SSGs of SN(B):DE5 (126LTG or higher capacity) occupy

one frame consisting of one shelf only. The arrangement of modules in module
frame for SN:126LTG or above is shown in figure11 (a) and (b).

8.4 SN(B):63LTG

One plane of SN(B):63LTG requires one frame consisting of only one shelf.
The arrangement of modules in the module frame for SN(B):63LTG is shown in
figure 12.

S
T T T S S T T T T
T DC
S S S M G S S S S
S CM
M M M 1 C M M M M
M S
B B B 6 B B B B B
B
B

Figure 12: Module Frame for SN(B):63LTG

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EWSD Switching Network

TSGx-x
SDC: LTG
0
0 0 0 0

1
1 1 1
1

2 2
2 2

TSC0 14
3 3 LIL0 3 3

15
LISB0

4 0
TSMB-0 0 0
0

1 1
5 1 1

2 2 2
6

7 3 LIL1 3 TSC1 3
14

15
LISB1

56 0 0 0

1 1
57
14
2 2 2
58
LISB2
59 3 LIL14 3 TSC14 3 15

TSMB-7 0

60 0 0 0 1

1 1
61 1

14
2 2 2
62

63 3 LIL15 3 TSC15 3
LISB3
15

Figure 13: Time Stage group Internal connections

Fig. Time Stage Group Internal connections

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EWSD Switching Network

9.0 Interconnection of Switching Modules

Switching modules in EWSD switching network are connected in a manner

so as to ensure nearly full availability. One module LIL, which can handle highways
coming from 4 LTGs is connected to 4 inlets of a module TSM on one-to-one basis.
Thus these 4 highways coming from 4 LTGs undergo a T-switching function and are
then connected to inlets of 4 different LIS modules. The 8 inlets of a LIS module
are connected to outlets of 8 different TSMs. Two such groups form a Time Stage
Group wherein 63 LTGs can be connected. The TSG has 64 outlets coming out of 8
LIS modules. The interconnection arrangement is shown in figure 13.

Eight outlets of LIS modules in TSG are connected to 8 inlets of an LIS

modules in SSG on one-to-one basis. One SSG consists of 16 LIS modules and
therefore two TSGs can be connected to one SSG. There is again one-to-one
connection between 8 outlets of LIS modules and 8 inlets of SSM8|15 modules.
Fifteen outlets of SSM8|15 and 16 inlets of SSM16|16 are cross connected.
Similarly 16 outlets of SSM16|16 and 15 inlets of SSM15|8 are cross connected.
The interconnection arrangement within SSG is shown in figure 14.

All the TSGs of SN are connected to all the SSGs in such a manner as to
ensure nearly full availability. The interconnection of TSGs with SSGs in case of
SN:504 LTG is shown in figure 15, and that for SN:252 LTG and SN:126 LTG are
shown in figure 16.

Interconnection of the modules in SN DE4 is simpler as there are no TSG or

SSG. The TSMs are directly connected to SSM16|16 as shown in figure 17.

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EWSD Switching Network

SN1

SN0
SSM SSM
0

0 0
1
To inputs 0
of SSM1-13
LIS 8 15 13 16 16
7 7

15
0 0 0

15 15 14
0 0

0 0
1
To inputs 15
of SSM1-13
LIS 8 15 13 16 16
7 7

14 15

LIM SGC

MBU:SGC

Figure 14: Space Stage Group Internal connections

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EWSD Switching Network

LIS 0 0 LIS
1 1
2 2
TSGx.0 3 TSG1 3
4
4
5 TSG2 5
6
6
7 TSG3 7
8
0
1
TSG4 9 SSGx.0
10
2
3
TSG5 11
TSGx.1 0 TSG6
12
13
1
14
2
15
3

0 0 LIS
1 1
2 2
TSGx.2 3 TSG1 3
0 4
1 TSG2 5
2 6
3 TSG3 7
8
0
1
TSG4 9
10
SSGx.1
2 TSG5 11
3 12
TSGx.3 0
TSG6 13
1 14
2 15
3

0
0 LIS
1
1
2
TSGx.4 3 > SSG TSG1 2
3
0
TSG2 4
1
5
2
6
3 TSG3 7
8
0
1
TSG4 9 SSGx2
10
2
3
TSG5 11
TSGx.5 0
TSG6
12
13
1
14
2
15
3

0
1 0 LIS
2 1
TSGx.6 3 TSG1 2
0 3
1 TSG2 4
2 5
3 TSG3 6
7
LIS 0
1
TSG4 8
9
SSGx.3
2
3
TSG5 10
11
TSGx.7 4
TSG6 12
5 13
6
14
7
15

Figure 15: TSG-SSG interconnection for SN:504LTG

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EWSD Switching Network

LIS 0 0 LIS
1 1
2 2
TSGx.0 3 TSG1 3
4
4
5 TSG2 5
6
7 6
7 SSGx.0
8
0 9
1 10
2 TSG1 11
3
12
0 TSG2
TSGx.1 1 13
2 14
3 15

0 0 LIS
1 1
2 2
3 TSG1 3
0 4
TSGx.2 1 TSG2 5
2
6
3
7 SSGx.1
8
LIS 0 9
1 10
2 TSG1 11
3
TSGx.3 4 TSG2 12
13
5
14
6
7
15

LIS 0 0 LIS
1 1
2 2
3
TSGx.0 4
3
4
5
5
6
6
7
7 SSGx.0
8
LIS 0 9
1
10
2
11
3
TSGx.1 4 12
5 13
6 14
7 15

Figure 16: TSG-SSG interconnection for SN:252 and 126 LTG

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0
0 0
0
LIL TSM 15 16 16
0

0 0 0

15 16 16

15 16 16

15 15 2
15
15 0
15
LIL TSM 15 16 16
15

SGC LIM

MBU:SGC

Figure 17: Interconnection of modules in SN:63LTG

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EWSD Switching Network

TSO
LTG of the
calling party
TSI
Space Stage Part
TSM
0

Space Stage Part

1

SN

Space Stage Part

2

TSO
LTG of the
called party
TSI
Space Stage Part
TSM 3

MBU: Setting command

CP SGC SGC/LIM

Figure 18: Speech path of a through connection

10.0 Functions

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Three essential functions of switching network namely speech path

switching, message path switching and changeover to standby are described below:

10.1 Speech path switching

The switching network switches single channel and broadcast connections

with a bit rate of 64 kbit/s and multichannel connection with nx64 kbits/s. Two
connection paths are necessary per single channel connection (e.g. from calling to
called party and from called to calling party). For a multichannel connection, nx2
connection paths are necessary. In broadcast connections, the information is passed
from one signal source to a number of signal sinks (no opposing direction).

The coordination processor (CP) searches for free paths through the
switching network according to the busy status of connection paths stored at that
moment in the switching network’s memory. The path selection procedure is always
the same and is independent of the capacity stage of the switching network. During
path selection, the two connection paths of a call are always chosen so that they
will be switched via the same space stage section. A space stage section is a
quarter of the space stage arrangement; with an SN:252 LTG, for example, this
corresponds to half a space stage group .

After path selection, the CP causes the same connection paths to be switched
through in both switching network sides of an SN. The SGCs are responsible for
switching the connection paths. In a capacity stage with 63 LTGs, one switch group
control participates in switching a connection path; however in a capacity stage
with 504, 252, or 126 LTGs, two or three switch group controls are involved. This
depends on whether or not the subscribers are connected to the same TSG. The CP
gives every involved switch group control a setting instructions necessary for the
through-connection. These setting instructions always have the same data format.

An SGC receives the setting instruction from the CP via the message buffer
unit MBU:SGC, the secondary digital carrier SDC:SGC, and its dedicated link
interface module LIM. The commands and messages between an SGC and the CP
are exchanged via an LIM. The SGC calculates the setting data using the call
processing programs and service routines. The SGC loads the data into registers in
the hardware controller (HWC) of the LIM and, via the HWC, controls the setting
of desired connection paths in the time and space stage modules (TSM and SSM).
The speech path of a through connection is shown in figure 18.

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TSG0.0 SSG0.0

SSM
TSO 15|8
E S
SN0

S E
TSI SSM
8|15

LIL TSM LIS LIS SSM8|15 SSM16|16

LTG

TSG 1.0 SSG 1.0

E SSM
TSO S
15|8

SN 1

TSI S SSM
E
8|15

LIL TSM LIS LIS SSM8|15 SSM16|16

Figure 19 :Example of possibilities for changeover to standby in the

switching network capacity stage SN:504LTG, SN:252LTG
and SN:126LTG
10.2 Message path switching.

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Apart from the connections determined by subscribers by inputting dialing

information, the switching network also makes connections between the LTG and
the CP. These connections are used to exchange control information; they are
setup only once, and then they are always available. For this reason, they are
called semipermanent connections. Via these same connections, the LTGs also
interchange message without having to burden the CP’s processing unit. In this
manner, a separate line network for the exchange of messages within an exchange is
not necessary. Nailed-up connections and connections for common channel
signaling are made on a semipermanent basis as well.

10.3 Changeover to standby

All connection paths are duplicated, i.e. switched through in SN0 and SN1.
This provides an alternative route for each connection in case of failure.

Figure 19 provides a simplified illustration of the various alternative routes

possible in capacity stages with 504, 252, and 126 LTGs. The connection paths are
switched in the same manner over both switching network sides (SN0 and SN1).
The LTGs accept the incoming octets of the effective connections ( subscriber/
subscriber connections) from only one switching network side. In figure 19, the
effective connections lead over SN0. Of note is the duplicated routing between the
time stage groups (TSG) and space stage group (SSG). This makes it possible for
the TSGs and SSGs to be individually switched over to standby. Switching over to
standby is implemented only if errors occur simultaneously in both switching
network sides. The effective connections are then lead over routed TSGs and SSGs
of both switching network sides 0 and 1. In the switching network capacity stage
with 63 LTGs, it is only possible to route the connections over SN0 or SN1.

If an error occurs in the switching network, the CP initiates corresponding

measures for switching over to standby and issues the corresponding messages.
Changeover to standby do not interrupt existing connections. Thanks to this
duplication principle, all operational measures are easily carried out without
impairing traffic (e.g. adding new modules or replacing defective modules).

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11.0 O&M Aspects

The following MML commands are used during operation and maintenance
of switching network.

Display and Modification in number of TSMs.

DISP TSG MOD TSG

Status display and Configuration commands

STAT SN CONF SN CONF TSG CONF SSG

Diagnosis and Test commands - SN DE4 and DE5

DIAG SN TEST SN

Diagnosis and Test commands - SN DE5 only

DIAG TSG DIAG SSG
TEST TSG TEST SSG

11.1 Safeguarding Concept

The switching network (SN) is duplicated. Normally one SN side is active

(the SSG and both TSGs in ACT), and the other SN side is standby (the SSG and
the TSGs in STB).

In the event of a malfunction in a switch group (SSG or TSG) in the active

SN, the affected switch group is configured to UNA and the other switch groups in
the previously standby SN are configured to ACT.

In the event of a malfunction in a switch group in the standby SN, only the
affected switch group is configured to UNA.

None of these reconfigurations affect switching traffic.

11.2 Fault Printouts

An SN fault printout is the result report of the fault analysis program for the
SN or for a switch group (SSG or TSG). It complements the more general alarm
signaling with SYP etc. i.e. whenever the safeguarding system detects a malfunction
in the SN, an appropriate fault printout is formulated, typically as follows:

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SN FAILURE WITH CONFIGURATION MMN:SN0xx-000

SGC DEFECT
FAULT LOCATION : TSG-side-tsg SGC
CONFIGURATION : TSG-side-tsg FROM : zzz TO : UNA
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION :

H ‘zzzzzzzz zzzzzzzz zzzzzzzz zzzzzzzz

H ‘zzzzzzzz zzzzzzzz zzzzzzzz zzzzzzzz

Faults affecting the SN can be divided into two groups which are clearly
distinguishable in terms of the system response :

* Unconditional fault
These are serious faults. The switch group in which such a fault occurs is
always reconfigured to UNA. With unconditional faults, the following codewords
may be output :
- SGC/SGC FAILURE
- SGC/HWC FAILURE
- PATH SET/HWC-FAILURE
- CYCLE DEFEKT
- NO CYCLE
- SGC CHANNEL ERROR

* Conditional faults
These are not serious. If such a fault occurs in a switch group with no
redundancy (i.e. where the partner switch group is in NAC, UNA or MBL), then the
affected switch group is not configured to UNA. If the switch group is duplicated,
then it is configured to UNA, even for a conditional fault. Codewords for
conditional faults are :
- SGC/PLLU-FAILURE
- SN-PLL FAILURE
- PATH SET/TSM-FAILURE
- PATH SET/SSM8-FAILURE
- PATH SET/SSM16-FAILURE
- SGC-DEFECT
- all COC-FAILURE
- all MCH-FAILURE
- all MUX-FAILURE

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11.3 Diagnostics

DIAG TSG: SN=side, TSG=tsg,TA=area, SUBUNT= TSM/ SSM/ CSM - x;

DIAG SSG: SN=side, SSG=ssg,TA=area,SUBUNT= TSM/ SSM/ CSM - x;

Explanation :

* DIAG TSG
This command starts a test program, to be specified under parameter TA, for
a time stage group (TSG).

* DIAG SSG
This command starts a test program, to be specified under parameter TA, for
a space stage group (SSG).

* side SN plane, either 0 or 1

* tsg Number of TSG, 0 to 7

* TA (test area = test program)

* area
The identifier entered for the parameter TA specifies the test program
to be called up. The following test programs are possible: CHALL, ALL, HWC,
TSM, SSM, CSM, PLL

In test program TSM, SSM and CSM, in the diagnostic command, a subunit
must also be specified.

- CHALL (check all)

- for TSG, tests central sections,
CPU with program and data memory
PLL supervision circuit
hardware controller
tests decentral sections :
control memory of TSM modules
- for SSG, tests central sections :

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CPU with program and data memory

PLL supervision circuit
hardware controller
tests decentral sections :
control memory of SSM16|16 and SSM8|15

- ALL (check all control memories)

- for TSG, The control memories of modules TSM are tested.
Each bit in a control memory is checked for 1 and 0.
The addressing of each Ram chip in a control memory
is also checked.
- for SSG The control memories of modules SSM16|16 and
SSM8|15 are tested. Each bit in a control memory is
checked for 1 and 0.
The addressing of each RAM chip in a control memory is
also checked. Whereas modules SSM8|15 are only tested according
to the SN capacity stage specified in the CP command, all 15
SSM16|16 modules are tested.

- HWC (HWC test) - for TSG and SSG

The HWC registers are checked. A good or bad message
gives the states of the HWC registers and the interface between SGC
and HWC. The HWC interface to the switching modules is not
tested.

- TSM (TSM test)

The addressing and functioning of each bit in the control
memory of a TSM module are tested.

- CSM (SSM16|16 test)

The addressing and functioning of each bit in the control
memory of an SSM16|16 module are tested.

- SSM (SSM8|15 test)

The addressing and functioning of each bit in the control
memory of an SSM8|15 are tested.
- PLL (PLL supervision circuit test)

* SUBUNT

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EWSD Switching Network

For diagnostic identifiers TSM, CSM & SSM, the subunit must be specified.

Possible subunits are: TSM = functional unit TSM/LIL

SSM = functional unit LIS/SSM8|15
CSM = SSM16|16

* x
TSM number (0 to 15)
SSM8|15 number (0 to 15)
SSM16|16 number (0 to 14)

11.4. Test

The SN speech path test makes a cross-office check per SN side, switch
group or subunit, depending on the command.

This involves setting up connections via SN, which are then tested with a
test pattern. If the SN speech path detects a COC error in such a connection path,
the test is repeated with a new path setup attempt (with the same parameters). If the
test again detects a COC error, it is terminated with FAILURE DETECTED. The
MML command used is as follows, where symbols/parameters are same as in DIAG
SN.

TEST TSG: SN=side, TSG=tsg,TA=area, SUBUNT= TSM/ SSM/ CSM - x;

TEST SSG: SN=side, SSG=ssg,TA=area,SUBUNT= TSM/ SSM/ CSM - x;

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12.0 Exercises

1. Interrogate and find out the capacity stage of SN in your exchange. Identify its
racks, frames and modules.

2. Find out the number of LTGs and TSMs in your exchange and correlate. How
many additional LTGs can be provided with the existing SN configuration.

3. Change status of both planes of SNs, one by one, using all possible
combinations of OST and tabulate the results.

4. A fault in SN plane 0 has affected the third LTG connected to TSG1. What
functional unit in SN could be faulty? Write MML commands to configure and
diagonose the faulty unit.

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