DRILLING FORMULAE

PART 1 PART 2 VOLUMES TRIPPING

Prepaired by Terry Lambert 207 Woodward Dr. Lafayette La. 70508 Phone: (318) 856 8325Fax: (318) 856 0285

PART 1 VOLUMES

SQUARE SIDED TANK VOLUME, bbls Length, ft x Width, ft x Depth, ft. 5.6146

WORK SPACE LENGTH= 35 WIDTH= 7 218.18117 DEPTH= 5

VOLUME BBL/FT.

CYLINDRICAL TANK VOLUME, bbls .7854 X (Diameter, ft)2 xDepth, ft 5.6146 DIA.=

WORK SPACE 20 DEPTH= 5 279.7706 =BBL/FT.

PIPE VOLUME, bbls/ft ID2 inches 1029 ID

WORK SPACE 3.826 0.0142257 =BBL/FT

ANNULAR VOLUME, bbls/ft WORK SPACE (Dh2 - dp2) 1029 Dh = Hole wall dia, inches dp= Tubular OD, inches Dia hole= 6.5 Dia. Dp= 3.5

0.029154519

ANNULAR VOLUME bbls/ft

STROKES TO PUMP Volume Pump Output/Stroke

WORK SPACE Volume= 300 Pump Output = 0.117

2564.1 STKS TO PUMP

TIME =minutes Strokes SPM WORK SPACE Strokes= 2564 SPM= 40

OR

Volume \ Pump Output\ SPM

64.1

MINUTES

ANNULAR VOLUMES TWO TBGS D1= (D12 -D22 -D32) 1029 D1 = Outter casing D2 =OD of Inner Tubing D3 = OD of Inner Tubing D2= D3= WORK SPACE 10 5 3

0.064139942

ANNULAR VOLUME bbls/ft

DRILL PIPE SIZES AND CAPACITIES OD (in) Nominal Weight (lbs/ft) IU EU 8.5 9.5 9.5 3.5 11.2 13.3 13.3 15.5 15.5 11.85 14.00 15.70 12.75 13.75 11.85 14.00 ID (in) IEU 3.063 2.992 2.990 2.764 2.607 3.476 3.340 3.240 4.000 3.958 0.009114 0.008696 0.008196 0.007421 0.006577 0.01174 0.01084 0.01020 0.01554 0.01552 Barrels per foot

13.3 15.5

4.0

14.00 15.30

13.75

4.5

16.60 20.00 16.25 19.50 20.50

16.60 18.15 20.00

16.60 18.15 20.00 16.25 19.50

3.826 3.754 3.640 4.408 4.276 4.214 5.965

0.01422 0.01369 0.01287 0.01887 0.01776 0.01725 0.0346

5.0

20.50 25.2

6.625

5" HWDP, 49.3 lbs/ft, 3" ID Bore, NC50 Capacity = .0087 bbls/ft Displacement = .01795 bbls/ft 4-1/2 HWDP, 41.0 lbs/ft, 2-3/4" ID Bore, NC46 (4"IF) Capacity = .0073 bbls/ft Displacement = .0149 bbls/ft 4" HWDP, 29.7 lbs/ft, 2-9/16 ID Bore, NC40 (4"IF) Capacity = .0064 bbls/ft Displacement = .0108 bbls/ft

3-1/2 HWDP, 25.3 lbs/ft, 2-1/16 ID Bore, NC38 (3-1/2"IF) Capacity = .0041 bbls/ft Displacement = .0092 bbls/ft

CAPACITY OF CASING OD (in)

Wt/Ft (lbs) 17.0 20.0 23.0 26.0 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 32.30 36.00 40.00 43.50 47.00 53.50 48.00 54.50 61.00 68.00 72.00 87.5 94.0 106.5 133.0

ID (in) 6.538 6.456 6.366 6.276 6.184 6.094 6.004 5.920 9.001 8.921 8.835 8.775 8.681 8.535 12.715 12.615 12.515 12.415 12.347 17.775 19.124 19.000 18.730

Drift Diameter (in) 6.413 6.331 6.241 6.151 6.059 5.969 5.879 5.795 8.845 8.765 8.679 8.599 8.525 8.379 12.559 42.459 12.359 12.259 12.191 17.567 180936 18.812 18.542

Barrels per foot

0.04152 0.04048 0.03936 0.03826 0.03714 0.03607 0.03501 0.03404 0.0787 0.0773 0.0758 0.0745 0.0732 0.0708 0.1571 0.1546 0.1521 0.1497 0.1481 0.3062 0.3553 0.3507 0.3408

9/5/2008

13-3/8

18-5/8

20

CASING BURST Wall Thickness = OD - ID / 2 = ________ inches Burst = 1.75 x Minimum Yield x ( Thickness ) / OD _______ psi @ 100%

OD= 9.625 ID= 8.921 MIN Yield=223 Thickness= 5.1645

2015.446125

BURST

COMMON ANNULAR VOLUMES

Bit Dia. 26" 17.5" 17.5" 17.5" 12.25" 12.25" 12.25" 8.5" 8.5" to to to to to to to to to

Tubular OD 5" 5" 9.5" 8" 5" 6.625" 8" 5" 6.25"

bbls/ft = = = = = = = = = 0.6324 0.2733 0.2098 0.2353 0.1215 0.1032 0.0836 0.0459 0.0322

DRILL COLLAR WEIGHTS, lb/ft. OD, ins 1.5" 1.75" 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00 6.25 6.50 6.75 7.00 7.25 7.50 7.75 8.00 8.25 8.50 .8.75 9.00 9.25 9.50 9.75 10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 48 54 61 68 75 83 90 98 107 116 125 134 144 154 165 176 187 198 46 52 59 65 73 80 88 96 105 114 123 132 142 152 163 174 185 196 208 220 233 246

2" 43 50 56 63 70 78 85 94 102 111 120 130 140 150 160 171 182 194 206 218 230 243 256 270 284 298

ID, ins 2.25" 41 47 53 60 67 75 83 91 99 108 117 127 137 147 157 168 179 191 203 215 228 240 254 267 281 295

2.25"

2.8125"

3"

3.25"

44 50 57 64 72 79 88 96 105 114 124 134 144 154 165 176 188 200 212 224 237 250 264 278 292 306 321 336 352 368

53 60 67 75 83 92 101 110 119 129 139 150 161 172 183 195 207 220 233 246 259 273 287 302 317 332 348 363

57 64 72 80 88 98 107 116 126 136 147 158 169 180 192 204 217 230 243 257 270 285 299 314 329 345 361

68 76 85 94 103 112 122 132 143 154 165 176 188 200 213 226 239 252 266 280 295 310 325 340 356

CAPACITIES bbls/ft 0.0022

0.003

0.0039

0.0049

0.0061

0.0077

0.0087

0.0103

2747 lbs of steel will displace 1 bbl 1000 lbs of steel will displace .364 bbl

THE END
PART 2 TRIPPING

BUOYANCY FACTOR Used to calculaate weight of a STEEL tubular in mud Dry weight/foot = 90 lbs Mud Weight = 11.2 ppg BUOYANCY FACTOR WORK SPACE = (65.44 - Mud Wt, ppg) 65.44 (65.44 -11.2) 65.44 54.24 65.44 0.829 WORK SPACE Mud Wt= 10.2 0.844132029 Factor

BUOYED WEIGHT, lbs

=

Dry /weight, lbs/ft x Buoyancy Factor

Dry Wt.=

19.5 16.460575

Buoyed WT.

= 90 x .829 = 74.61 lbs If SG mud weight is used, replace 65.44 with 7.856 For PFC use 490

TON MILES For complete round trip W= Buoyed Weight of Drill Pipe = 17.52 lbs/ft D= Total Length of Drill String = 10,000 ft L= Average Stand Length = 93 ft M= Total Weight of Blocks, Hook and Drill String Compensator (if any) = 4,000 lbs C= Buoyed Weight of equal length of Drill Pipe = 27,240 lbs TON MILES = W x D x (D + L) 10,560,000

D x (M + .5C) 2,640,000

17.52 x 10,000 x (10,000 + 93 10,560,000 1,768,293,600 10,560,000 +

10,000 x (40,000 + 13620) 264,000 536,200,000 2,640,000

= 167.4 + 203.1 = 370.5 Ton Miles DRILLING TON MILES = (RRTM after Driling - RRTM before Drilling) x 3* COREING TON MILES = (RRTM after coring - RRTM before drilling) x 2 CASING TON MILES

=[
WIPER TRIP TON MILES

Block Wt, lbs 1000 RTTM = Round trip Ton Miles

Total buoyed of casing, lbs 4000 Remove for Top drive

Shoe depth 5280

=[ String Wt.after .1/2 =[

TON MILES FOR MIXED STRINGS

Stand pulkled x wiper Trip Stands pulled 567744 PLUS Block Wt. X Wiper Trip Stands Pulled 28387

] ]

Use same formula as for TON MILES but replace W with WAVG WAVG= Average Buoyed wt/ft of Drill String C = Average Buoyed weight of Equal Length of Drill Pipe

eg 31/2 DP= 2187 ft. x 15.5 lbs/ft = 33,898 lbs 5" DP = 6766 FT.X 19.5 lbs/ft = 131,937 lbs Total = 8953 ft = 165,835 Avg weight = 165835 / 8935 = 18.52 lbs/ft

STEEL DISPLACEMENT For Volume taken up by steel tubular Dry Weight of Pipe = 21.9 lbs./ft DISPLACEMENT, bbls/ft WORK SPACE Dry Weight, lbs/ft = 2747 21.9 2747 .00797 bbls/ft Dry Wt. Lbs/ft= 21.4 0.0077903 Displacement

= =

WEIGHTS PER FOOT Figures taken from API RP 7G 5" Drill Pipe, IEU Nom. Wt. 19.5 XH Grade E = 20.9 lbs/ft Grade X = 21.4 lbs/ft Grade G 21.9 lbs/ft Grade S = 22.5 lbs/ft 3-1/2" Drill Pipe, EU, Nom Wt 15.5 NC 38 Grade E = 16.39 lbs/ft Grade X = 16.69 lbs/ft Grade G = 16.88 lbs/ft Grade S = 17.56 lbs/ft 6-1/2" Drill Pipe, IEU, Nom, Wt 25.2, FH Grade e = 27.3 lbs/ft Higher grades not listed in API RP7G August 1990 5" Heavy Wall Drill Pipe = 49.3 lbs/ft Drill Collars and Casing Use tables under drill collar weights (volumes)

SLUG VOLUME/WEIGHT How big should your slug be or how heavy Mud Wt.= 10 lbs Pipe Capacity = .01776 Level drop in mud below rotary Table (L.dry) = 200 ft.

WORKE SPACE

VOLUME OF SLUG, bbls = M.Wt. Ppg x L. dry, ft x Pipe Cap., bbls/ft (Slug Wt. Ppg - Mud Wt. Ppg (Using slug weight of 11.5 ppg) = 10 x 200 x .01776 (11.5-10) 35.52 1.5

MUD WT= L.DRY= PIPE CAP= SLUG WT.=

16.9 40 0.0129 18.2

6.708

Slug Volume

= 23.68 bbls SLUG WEIGHT, ppg

=[ =[ =[

M. Wt. Ppg x L. dry x Pipe Cap., bbls/ft Slug Vol., bbls

]+

M. Wt. ppg

(using a slug Volume of 25 bbls) 10 x 200 x .01776 25 35.52 25

]+
10

10

WORK SPACE MUD WT= 9.3 L.DRY= 60 PIPE CAP.= 0.01422 SLUG VOL. Bbls= 10

10.093476

Slug wt.

]+

= 1.42 + 10 = 11.42 ppg

LEVEL PRESSURE DROP WHEN TRIPPING (DRY PIPE) Due to pulling pipe out of hole Metal Displacement = .00797 bbls/ft (see steel displacement) Casing Capacity without any pipe in hole = .1522 bbls/ft Mud Wt. = 10.5 ppg Stand Length = 93 ft. LEVEL DROP / STAND = Metal Disp., bbls/ft x Stand Length (Casing Cap. Bbls/ft - Metal Disp. Bbls/ft) .00797 x 93 (.1522-.00797) 0.74121 0.14423 5.14 ft.

WORK SPACE Meal Displacement bbs/ft= 0.00797 Stand Length= 93 5.139083 Casing Cap. Bbls/ft= 0.1522

Level drop std.

PRESSURE DROP, psi = = Level Drop. Ft. x M. Wt, ppg x .052 5.14 x 10.5 x .052 MUD WT= WORK SPACE 9.3 2.4852607 Pressure drop

= 2.8 psi

PRESSURE DROP PULLING WET PIPE If returns are not routed back to trip tank via mud bucket, then use PRESSURE DROP/STAND WORK SPACE Mud Gradient= 9.3 Metal Disp=0.00797 DP Cap= 0.01776 Csg. Cap= 0.1522 Stand Length 93 STAND LENGTH 0.239289 0.12647 175.9617

=[

Mud Gradient x (Metal Disp. + DP Cap.) Casing Cap. - (Metal Disp.+ DP Cap.)

]x

Gradient in psi/ft Capacity/Disp. In bbls/ft

THE END
PART 3 STUCK PIPE

FREE LENGTH OF STUCK PIPE e=Defferential Stretch of Pipe =24 inches Differential Pull to obtain 'e' = 30,000 lbs Wdp = Drill Pipe PLAN END" WEIGHT = 17.93 lbs/ft *Excludes Tool Joints---see Table 2.1 in RP7G August 1990, Plain end weight for 5" (19.5 lbs/ft Drill Pipe= 17.93 lbs/ft FREE LENGTH OF STUCK PIPE, ft. = 735,294 x e x Wdp Differential Pull, lbs 735294 x 24 x 17.93 30,000 316,411,714 30,000

Forumulae for Steel Pipe only!

WORK SPACE e= 24 Diff.pull to obtain "e"= 30000 Wdp= 17.93

10547.05714

Free Pipe

= 10547 ft

STRETCH OF SUSPENDED STRING WORK SPACE Stretch due to its own weight L= Length of String = 10520 ft Mud Wt =11 ppg STRETCH, inches = L2,ft 96,250,000 10520 2 96,250,000 Length of string in ft.= 10520 Mud wt= 11 1.149822 49.6 57.031188 inches

[65.44-(1.44 x Mud Wt, ppg)]

x
[65.44 -(15.84)]

[65.44 - (1.44 x11)]

= 1.1498 X

= 1.1498 X 49.6 = 57 inches

GENERAL STRETCH FORMULA Stretch due to weight on end of steel pipe. Length of Pipe =800 ft Casing Weight attached to end of pipe= 350,000 lbs Pipe OD =5" Pipe ID = 4.276" Example showes stretch of pipe when running casing to seafloor wellhead. STRETCH, inches = Stretching Force, pounds x Pipe Length, ft. 1,963,500 x (Pipe OD 2 - Pipe ID 2) 350,000 x 800 1,963,500 x (5 2 - 4.276 2) 280,000,000 1,963,500 x 6.7158 280,000,000 13,186,520 WORK SPACE 800 350000 5 4.276 21.23380475

Pipe Length= Casing Weight= Pipe OD= Pipe ID=

Stretch/inches

= 21.2 inches

PLAIN END WEIGHT, lbs/ft Weight of steel pipe (excluding tool joints) = 2.67 x (Pipe OD 2 - Pipe ID 2) WORK SPACE OD= ID= 5 4.276 17.93125 Plain End Weight

OD=inches ID=inches

MAXIMUM OVERPULL (MOP) Overpull in pounds, allowed on suck pipe MOP (Single Grade only e.g. S = Pa (S) x .9) -B st Pa= max. allowable desighn load in tension e.g. 560760 lbs for 5" Grade S B.st= Buoyed String Weight (hook Load less hook Weight e.g. = 229500 lbs. = (560,760 x .9) - 229500 = 504684 - 229500 = 275184 pounds Pa= B.st= WORK SPACE 560760 229500 275184

Pounds

THE END

PART 4 WELL CONTROL

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE CONSTANTS PPG x FT x .052 = PSI SG x FT x .433 = PSI SG x MT x 1.420 = PSI PPG x MT x .171 = PSI SG x MT x .098 - BARS SG x MT x .1 = kg/cm2 SG x MT x 9.8 = kPa Kg/M3x MT /102 = KpA PPG x MT x 1.176 - kPa PPG x FT x .358 = KpA

PRESSURE, psi = Mud weight x Constant x Depth, ft

WORK SPACE Mud wt= 10.5 Depth= 10000 5460 Pressure PSI

PRESSURE GRADIENT, psi.ft =Mud Weight x Constant OR = Pressure, psi / Depth, ft Mud Wt= 12 Depth= 10000 Pressure= 4000 0.624 0.4 Gradient Gradient

MUD WEIGHT = Pressure, psi / Depth, ft/constant OR = Pressure Gradient, psi/ft / Constant WORK SPACE Pressure= 6000 0.75 Depth ft= 8000 Mud Weight

FORCE =Pressure x Area WORK SPACE Pressure= 4000 24000 Area= 6 Force

LENGTH TO CREATE A PRESSURE, ft = Pressure, psi / Gradient psi/ft OR =Pressure, psi / MUD WEIGHT ppg / 0.052 WORK SPACE Pressure= 3000 5494.5055 Mud Wt.= 10.5 Length to create pressure

FORMATION PRESSURE Mud Wt= Bit TVD= SIDP=

=(Mud Wt. Ppg x .052 x Bit TVD, ft.) + SIDP, psi

WORK SPACE 10 5210 10000 10

F.P.

EQUIVALENTS BUOYANCY FACTOR 0.873 0.872 0.868 0.865 0.862 0.86 0.856 0.853 0.85 0.847 0.844 0.841 0.839 0.836 0.833 0.829 0.826 0.823 0.82 0.817 0.814 0.81 0.808 0.804 0.801 0.798 0.795 0.792 0.789 0.786 0.783 0.78 0.777 0.774 0.771 0.768 0.769 0.763 0.759 0.755 0.751 0.718 0.74 0.735 0.731 0.725 0.72 0.716 0.71

PPG 8.34 8.4 8.6 8.8 9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11 11.2 11.4 11.6 11.8 12 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13 13.2 13.4 13.6 13.8 14 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 16 16.3 16.6 17 17.3 17.6 18 18.3 18.6 19

PSI/FT 0.433 0.436 0.447 0.457 0.468 0.478 0.488 0.499 0.509 0.519 0.53 0.54 0.551 0.561 0.571 0.582 0.594 0.603 0.613 0.623 0.634 0.644 0.655 0.665 0.675 0.686 0.696 0.706 0.717 0.727 0.738 0.748 0.758 0.769 0.779 0.79 0.8 0.81 0.821 0.831 0.848 0.862 0.883 0.9 0.914 0.935 0.952 0.966 0.987

SG 1 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.08 1.1 1.13 1.15 1.18 1.2 1.22 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.32 1.34 1.37 1.39 1.41 1.44 1.46 1.49 1.51 1.53 1.56 1.58 1.61 1.63 1.65 1.68 1.7 1.73 1.75 1.77 1.8 1.82 1.85 1.87 1.89 1.92 1.96 1.99 2.04 2.08 2.11 2.16 2.2 2.23 2.28

PCF 62.4 62.8 64.3 65.8 67.3 68.8 70.3 71.3 73.3 74.8 76.3 77.8 79.3 80.8 82.3 83.8 85.3 86.8 88.3 89.8 91.3 92.8 94.3 95.8 97.3 98.7 100 102 103 105 106 108 109 111 112 114 115 117 118 120 122 124 127 130 132 135 137 139 142

KILL MUD WEIGHT / ICP/FCP

Bit TVD=10000ft Mud weight= 10.6 SIDPP= 800 psi Slow circulating Rate Pressure (@) 40 SPM= 900 psi KILL WEIGHT MUD, ppg =(SIDPP, psi /.052 / TVD,ft) + Mud Wt. Ppg =(800 /.052 / 10,000) + 10.6 =1.54 + 10.6 =12.14 ppg ICP (initial Circulating Pressure =Slow Circulating Rate Pressure, PSI + SIDPP, psi =900 + 800 FCP (Final Circulating Pressure) =Slow circulating Rate Pressure, psi x Kill mud wt. / Old Mud wt. =900 x 12.4 10.6 =900 x 1.1453 ,=1031 psi Note: You can use SCr psi = Actual ICP - SIDPP If using units other than Pg or feet or psi then refer to HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE CONSTANTS WORK SPACE SLOW CIRC RATE= 900 1030.7547 KILL MUD WT.= 12.14 OLD MUD WT.= 10.6 FCP WORK SPACE SLOW CIRC. RATE= 900 1700 SIDPP= 800 ICP WORK SPACE SIDPP= 800 12.138462 TVD= 10000 Mud Wt.= 10.6

Kill Mud Wt.

STEP DOWN CHART Used to calculate pressure drop versus strokes as KILL MUD is pumped to the BIT. There are 2 ways this can be done:__ FIXED STROKE INTERVAL OR FIXED PRESSURE INTERVAL FIXED STROKE INTERVAL PSI Drop\100 Strokes= WORK SPACE ICP= 200 187.5 FCP= 100 Surface to bit stks= 800 (* This number should be replaced if you use a different stroke interval e.g. 50, 200, 300 ect.) (ICP - FCP) Surface to Bit Strokes x 100 psi* Fixed Stroke

FIXED PRESSURE INTERVAL strokes/50 PSI Drop= Surface to Bit Strokes x 50 psi* (ICP -FCP *(This number should be replaced if you use a different pressure interval e.g. 40, 60 ect.) ICP=1600, FCP=900 Surface to Bit Strokes = 1084

EXAMPLE:

Fixed Srokes =(1600-900) x 100 1084 =65 psi approx

WORK SPACE ICP= 1600 64.5756458 FCP= 900 Surface to bit stks= 1084 WORK SPACE Surface to Bit Stks= 1084 77.4285714 ICP= 1600 FCP= 900 PSI Drop= 50 Fixed Pressure PSI 1600 1550 1500 1450 1400 1350 1300 1250 1200 1150 1100 1050 1000 950 900

Fixed Strokes

Fixed Pressure =1084 x 50 (1600 - 900 =77 strokes approx. Fixed Strokes STROKES PSI 0 1600 100 1535 200 1470 300 1405 400 1340 500 1275 600 1210 700 1145 800 1080 900 1015 1000 950 1084 900

Fixed Pressure

(ICP)

(FCP)

STROKES 0 77 154 231 308 385 462 539 616 693 770 847 924 1001 1084

(ICP)

(FCP)

Pressure is then held constant for remainder of KILL. Used for WAIT and WAIT Method.

INFLUX HEIGHT /GRADIENT

SIDP= 800 psi SICP= 900 psi Collar Length= 538 ft. Annular Volume around Collars= .0836 bbls/ft Annular Volume around Pipe= .1215 bbls/ft Mud weight= 10.6 ppg Total Annular Volume around Collars =Collar Length, ft x collar Annular volume, bbls/ft =538 ft.x..0836 bbls/ft =45 barrels WORK SPACE Collar Length ft= 538 Annular volume, bbls/ft= 0.0836

44.9768

Total Annular volume Collars

If INFLUX is LESS THAN volume around collars e.g. 20 barrels INFLUX HEIGHT, FT. =Influx volume, bbls / Annular volume around Collars bbls/ft =20 / .0836 =239 ft. Influx volume, bbls= Annular volume around collars bbls/ft= WORK SPACE 20 0.083682 239

Influx height

If INFLUX is GREATER THAN volume around collare e.g. 75 bbls INFLUX HEIGHT ft. = (influx vol., bbls - collar Ann Vol., bbls) Annular Volume around Pipe, bbls/ft + 538 + Collar length ft. WORK SPACE 75 45 784.91358 0.1215 538

= (75 - 45) 0.1215 = 30 0.1215

+ 538

Influx vol. Bbls= Collar ann vol. Bbls= Annular Vol around pipe= Collar length ft.=

Influx height

= 247+538 = 785 feet

USING EXAMPLE ABOVE Influx volume= Influx height = 20 bbls 239 ft.

INFLUX GRADIENT,psi/ft = (Mud Wt, ppg x .052) -

-[
900 -800 239

SICP -SIDPP, PSI InfluX Height ft.

]
Influx Gradient

=(10.6 x.052)-

[
100 239

=.5512-

WORK SPACE MUD WT= 10.6 SICP= 900 0.13279 SIDPP= 800 INFLUX HEIGHT= 239

=.5512 - .4184 =.1328 psi

Gradient of .2 or less = Gas Gradient of .4 or more = Water In between could be oil or mixture of oil, waer and gas.

FRACTURE MUD WEIGHT /GRADIENT /PRESSURE Fracture can be calculated using a Leak Off Test pressure Shoe TVD= 8000 ft.

Leak Off Test (LOT) was 2000 psi with 10.0 ppg mud in hole FRACTURE MUD WEIGHT ( MAX. EQUIV. MUD WT.). Ppg = ( LOT, psi / Shoe TVD, ft / .052 ) + Mud Wt. Ppg = ( 2000 / 8000 / .052 ) +10.0 = 4.81 + 10.0 WORK SPACE LOT= 2000 TVD @ SHOE= 8000 14.807692 MUD WT= 10

EMW

=14.81 ppg

FRACTURE GRADIENT, psi/ft =Frac. Mud Wt. Ppg x .052 =14.81 x .052 =.77 psi/ft.

WORK SPACE Frac Mud Wt= 14.81 0.77012

Fracture Grdient psi/ft

FRACTURE PRESSURE =Fracture Mud Wt. Ppg x .052 x Shoe TVD, ft. = 14.81 x .052 x 8000' =6161 psi

Fracture Mud Wt= TVD @ Shoe=

14.81 8000

6160.96

Fracture Pressure

MAASP Maximum pressure allowed on casing gauge during operations Fracture Mud Wt. Ppg = 14.81 (see example above under fraacture Mud weight) Current Mud Wt, pg = 10.6 ppg Shoe TVD,ft. = 8000 ft. MAASP, psi =(Frac. M Wt. Ppg - Current M. Wt. Ppg) x .052 x shoe TVD, FT. = ( 14.81 - 10.6 ) X .052 X 8000' = ( 4.21 ) X .052 X 8000' =1751 psi WORKJ SPACE Frac M.W.= 14.81 Current M.W.= 10.6 1751.36 TVD @ Shoe= 8000

MAASP

MAXIMUM SURFACE CASING PRESSURE

Approximate max. pressure at casing guage during a well kill opeation. ( Occurs when influx of gas is almost at surface ). Using wait and weight. Formation Pressure ( Fp )= 6000 psi ( see section Well Control Formation Pressure for formula) Pit Gain= Kill Mud Weight= Surface Annular Volume= 20 bbls 11.5 pppg .1279 bbls/ft

MAXIMUM CASING PRESSURE, psi =200 x ^ Fp, psi x Pit Gain, bbls x Kill M. Wt. Ppg

Surface Ann. Vol. Bbls/ft x 1,000,000 =200 x ^ 6000 x 20 x 11.5 .1279 x 1,000,000 WORK SPACE 6000 20 656.95295 11.5 0.1279 1380000 10.789679

=200 x ^ 1,380,000 127900 =200 x ^ =200 x 107,897 3.2848 =657 psi

Fp= Pit Gain= Kill Wt. Mud= Surface Annular vol. Bbls/ft.=

Max Csg psi

127900

VOLUME INCREASE Approximate volume gain at surface due to gas expansion when circulating out a gas kick Formation Presure ( Fp) = 6000 psi ( see well control formation presure formula) Pit Gain= Surface annular volume= Kill Mud Wt= VOLUME INCREASE, bbls =4x^ Fp, psi x Pit Gain, bbls x Ann. Vol., bbl/ft Kill Mud Wt. Ppg 6000 x 20 x .1279 11.5 15348 11.5 1334.6 Fp= Pir Gain= Ann. Vol bbl/ft= Kill Mud wt. Ppg= 20 bbl .1279 bbls/ft 11.5 ppg

= 4x ^

=4x^

WORK SPACE 6000 20 146.12919 Volume Increase 0.1279 11.5 15348 1334.6087

=4 x ^ =4 x 36.5 = 146 bbls

PSI/BARREL A factor representing the pressure exerted by 1 barrel of mud in the annulus Mud Weight= Annular volume= PSI/BARREL = Mud Wt, ppg x .052 Annular Volume, bbls ft Mud Wt= Annular Vol bbls/ft= WORK SPACE 11 4.7078189 0.1215 Psi /Barrel 11 ppg .1215 bbls/ft

= 11 x .052 0.1215 = 0.572 0.1215 4.7 psi/barrel (Can be used for inside Pipe by using Pipe capacity instead of Annular Volume)

BOYLS LAW This formula expresses relationship between gas volume and gas pressure Original Pressure ( P1) = 6000 psi Original Volume (V1 ) = 20 bbls Current Pressure (P2)= 1000 psi BOYLES LAW P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 FIND V2 WORK SPACE P1= 6000 V1= 20 P2= 1000

120

Barrels

V2=

P1 x V1 P2 6000 x 20 1000 120000 1000 120 Barrels

TRIP MARGIN Approximiate mud wt value to be added after killing a kick Yield Point of Mud = Hole Diameter (Dh)= Pipe Outside Diameter (dp)= TRIP MARGIN = Yield Point x .085 (Dh - dp) 14 x .085 (12.25 - 5) Yield Point= Dh= dp= 14 12.25 5" WORK SPACE 14 12.25 0.1641379 5

Trip Margin

1.19 7.25 = .164 ppg

ACCUMULATOR PRECHARGE PRESSURE A method of measuring average accumulator Precharge Pressure by operating the unit with charge pumps switched off. Accumulator starting Pressure (Ps) = Accumulator Final Pressure (pf ) = Total Accumulator Volume Volume Fluid Removed = AVERAGE PECHARGE PRESSURE psi = Volume of Fluid Removed, BBLS Total Acumulator volume, bbls 3000 psi 2200 psi 180 gal 20 gal

x [

Pf x Ps Ps - Pf

]
WORK SPACE Vol. Of fluid removed= 20 Total Acc. Volume bbls= 180 916.66667 Pf= 2200 Ps= 3000 Acc Precharg psi

20 180

x [ x [

2200 x 3000 3000 - 2200

] ]

0.111

6,600,000 800

= =

.111 x 8250 917 psi

GAS PERCOLATION RATE, ft/hr How fast is gas percolating ( migrating) up the hole SIDPP at time Zero= 700 psi SIDPP after 15 min.= 725 psi Mud weight= 10.5 ppg GAS PERCOLATION RATE, ft/hr

SIDPP increase, psi/hour ( Mud Wt. Ppg x .052)

Increase per 15 minute interval = 25 psi Increase per hour 4 x 25 psi = 100 psi = 100 (10.5 x .052)

WORK SPACE SIDPP increase psi hr r= 100 183.15018 Mud Wt. Ppg = 10.5

Gas Percolation rate, ft/hr

100 0.546

= 183 ft/hr

MUD TO BLEED DUE TO BUBBLE RISE (VOLUMETRIC) Method of bringing to surface without SIDPP reading and unable to circulate. Pressure rise allowed while well in shut in = 100 psi current psi/barrel factor = 14 psi (see well Control Length to Create a Pressure) for formula VOLUME TO BLEED, bbls

Pressure Rise on Casing Guage, psi Current psi/bbl factor

100 14

WORK SPACE Pressure Rise on casing Guage = 100 Current psi/bbl factor = 14 7.1428571

Volume to Bleed

= 7 barrels e.g. If SICP = 800 PSI, Allow 50 to 100 psi for Safety. Let SICP rise with well shut in due to gas migration to 800 + Safety, for instance 875 psi, Allow SICP to continue to rise to 875 + 100 = 975 psi At 975 psi carefully manipulate choke to maintain 975 psi while bleeding off 7 barrels of mud (see above answer) Once 7 bbls has been bled, shut in and allow SICP to rise to 975 + 100 = 1075. Again hold at 1075 psi while bleeing 7 bbls. Process is repeated until gas arrives at choke. Shut in and remove gas by Lubricating Method

SOFT SHUT IN PROCDURE (Drilling) 1. Pick up off bottom to clear first tooljoint 2. Check flow - (if Positive go on) 3. Open H.C.R. or failsafe. 4. Close Annular or Ram (IF space out Known) 5. Close Remote Adjustable Choke 6. Close Gate Valve at Choke in case it leaks. 7. Complete Shut in e.g. close rams, hang off, install Kick Joint ect.

SOFT SHUT IN PROCEDURE (Tripping 1. Install Safety valve 2. Close safety Valve

3. Open H.C.R. or failsafe. 4. Close Annular or Ram (if space out is known) 5. Close Remote Adjustable choke 6. Close gate valve at choke in case it leaks 7. Prepair course of action e.g. strip to bottom open up and run to bottom, kill at current depth ect.

START UP PROCEDURE 1. Bring Pumps up to Kill Speed holding CASING PRESSURE constant 2. For deep water floater application, Casing Pressure may require to be lowered during start up by an amount equal to Choke Line Friction Loss

DRILLERS METHOD 1ST circulation Start up- bring pumps up to sped holding casing pressure constant. Once up to speed look at drill pipe pressure and hold this constant for one complete circulation 2 ND circulation Start up- bring pumps up to sped holding casing pressure constant. Once up to speed, continue to hold casing pressure constant until kill mud is at the bit At this point, switch over to drill pipe pressure and hold constant until kill mud reaches surface. Note: As the Annulus may not be clean after 1st Circulation, it si recommended that the procedure for wait and Weight be used in place of 2nd Circulation.

WAIT AND WEIGHT METHOD START Up - bring pumps up to sped holding casing pressure constant Once up to speedlook at drill pipe. This should red approximately ICP* Allow drill pipe pressure to fall to FCP in accordance with step down chart or graph With kill mud at bit hold drill pipe pressure at FCP until kill mud reaches surface.

* If drill pipe pressure is in excess of 100 psi + or -, then redo step down chart based on new ICP and FCP without shuting down. Recalculae slow circulating rate pressure = New ICP - SIDP Then recalculate FCP = New S.C.R., psi x Kill Mud Wt Old Mud Wt. WORK SPACE 10.8 1.1020408 9.8

Kill Mud Wt. = Old Mud wt. =

New S.C.R.

BARIT REQUIRED Amount addee to mud to obtain kill weight Original Mud Wt. (W1)= Kill Mud Wt (W2)= Pit Volume = BARIT REQUIRED W1= W2= Pit /vol= WORK SPACE 9.8 10.8 60.743802 455 10 ppg 11.5 ppg 849 bbls

1470 (W2 -W1) 35 - W2 1470 ( 11.5 - 10 ) 35 -11.5 1470 x 1.5 23.5 2205 23.5 94 POUNDS PER BARREL

Pounds per bbl.

TOTAL BARIT IN, pounds = Mud Volume in Pits, bbls x Barit Required lbs/bbl WORK SPACE Pit volume= 455 Bar Required= 94 42770 Bar Required LBS.

= 840 x 94 = 78960 pounds

VOLUME INCREASE / 100 BBLS OF MUD (due to adding barit) = Barit Required, pounds/barrel 15 94 15 6.3 barrels/100 barrels of mud

WORK SPACE Barit Required, pounds.barrel 94 6.2666667

Volume Increase

= =

TOTAL VOLUME after weight up

Barrels/100 barrels of Mud x Pit Volume 100 + 840

Pit Volume WORK SPACE Barrels/100 barrels of mud= 6.3 Pit Volume= 840 892.92

= 6.3 x 840 100

Total Volume after wt. Up

5929 100

+ 840

= 53 + 840 = 893 barrels

USABLE FLUID VOLUME Gallons of usuable fluid in a single accumulator Bottle. Multiply by number of bottles to get total Single Bottle Volume (V1)= Nitrogen Precharge Pressure (P1)= Accumulator Pressure (P2) = USABLE FLUID VOLUME, gals.bottle WORK SPACE 10 1000 3000 6.66666667 Gallons 10 gal 1000 psi 3000 psi

V1-( 10-( 10 - (

V1 x P1 P2 10 x 1000 3000 10,000 3000

) ) )

V1= P1= P2=

= 10 - 3.33 = 6.67 Gal.* * Only 2/3 of a bottle in this example is hydraulic fluid. When designing an accumulator system, requirements for volumes are based on performing the necessary operations without letting bottle pressure drop below 1200 psi. This futher reduces usable fluid volume per bottle (see API, RP53 for more detail)

ACCUMULATOR VOLME REQUIRED Gallons of Fluid Required

WORK SPACE VR= 40 Pressure 3000 2.5 Precharg 1200 0.4 16 Gallons Precharge psi 3000 1200

2.5

=VR

/(

Pressure psi

VR = Volume required to perform chosen functions, galls (either from API specs or local regulations

GAS EXPANSION FOR T* AND "Z" V2= V1 x P1 x T2 x Z2 P2 x T1 x Z1 T*= F* + 460 Z= variable (get from client) P= psi + 14.7

COMBINED STRIPPING & VOLUMETRIC The following calculations are used for stripping pipe in the hole when influx migrationis a potential problem VK= A1= A2= V1= V2= Mg= lg= SICP= Pw= Ps= Pchoke= Kick Volume, bbls Open Hole capacity, bbls/ft Drill Collar to Open Hole Capacity, bbls/ft Closed End displacement of 1 stand of drill pipe, bbls Volume to Bleed, bbls Mud Gradient, psi/ft Influx gradient, psi/ft Shut in Casing Pressure Chosen working Pressure, psi Safety Pressure for Hydrostatic Pressure lost when BHA penetrates kick, psi Choke Pressure readings, psi

Step 1

Calculate Ps psi Ps= VK -VK

(
Step 2 Step 3 Calculate V2 bbls V2 = Pw x A2 Mg

A2 - A1

) X

(MG - lg)

Chooaw Pw Between 50 and 200 psi

Step 4

Strip into hole, without bleeding mud, until SICP increases to Pchoke 1 Pchoke1 = SICP + Ps + Pw

Step 5

Continue stripping in the hole holding casing pressure constant at Pchoke 1 this willrequire mud to be bled from the well. Fill pipe regularly The amount of mud gained in the trip Tank over and above the drill pipe closed end displacement (V 1) will be the affect of gas expansion. ( Some rigs have a Stripping Tank to allow for bleed-off of V 1 every stand) When gain in trip tank due to gas expansion equals V 2 continue to strip with choke closed to build casing pressure up to Pchoke2

Step 6

Step 7

Pchoke2 = Pchoke1 +Pw Step 8 Step 9 Continue striping in hole holding casing pressure constant at Pchoke 2 Repeat Steps 6, 7 and 8 (increasing Pchoke by Pw each time V 2 is measured in Trip Tank) until back to bottom.

Step 10 Kill well as per sandard well control techniques

THE END
PART 5 CASING AND CEMENTING

BUOYANT FORCE OF CASING Effect of cementing operation on a String of Casing. Most dangerous with Shallow strings of large dimeter. Heavy cement may want to float the casing out of the hole. WORK SPACE C1 = Casing Length = 1500 ft C1 = 1477 C.wt = casing Wt/Ft =106.5 lbs/ft C.wt= 18 C.cap = Casing Cap =.3507 bbls/ft C.cap= 0.0177 W.cmt = Cement Weight =15.4 ppg W.cmt= 16.2 B.F.cmt = Cement Buoyancy Factor 0.765 B.F.cmt= 0.752 M.Wt = Mud Weight 9.0 ppg M.Wt= 10.2 13404.661 Buoyant Force BUOYANCE FORCE = = = = = C1 [ (C.wt. X B.F. cmt) - (42 x C. cap x ( W. cmt - M. wt))] [(106.5 X .765) - (42 X .3507 X (15.4 - 9.0))] 1500 [(81.47 x .765) - (42 x .3507 x (15.4 - 9.0)] 1500 [(81.47 - 94.27)] 1500 X (-12.8)

-19200 lbs (this is a MINUS number) A minus number means a force upward; a positive number means force downward.

BALANCE MUD WEIGHT Weight of Mud to displace cement if boyant force is upward. W. cmt= C. wt. = B.F cmt = C.cap = Cement Weight Casing Wt/ft Cement Buoyancy factor Casing Capacity =15.4 ppg =106.4 lbs/ft =.765 =.3507 bbls/ft

BALANCE MUD WEIGHT = W.cmt -

[ [ [

C. wt. X B.F.cmt 42 x C. cap 106.4 x .765 42 x .3507 81.396 14.792

] ] ]

=15.4 -

WORK SPACE W.cmt= 15.4 C. wt= 106.4 B.F.cmt= 0.765 C. cap= 0.3507 9.8739093

Ballanced Mud Weight

= 15.4 -

=15.4 -5.5 =9.9 ppg

SACKS OF CEMENT Volume of Cement Required= 500 bbls Yield/sacks of cement= 1.15 cu. Ft\sx SACKS = =Volume of cement, bbls x 5.6146 Yield/sacks cu. Ft

WORK SPACE Volume of cement bbls= 70 Yield/ sacks cu.Ft.= 1.05 374.30667 Sacks of Cement

500 x 5.6146 1.15 2807.3 1.15

= 2441 sacks

BALLANCED PLUGS CEMENT VOLUME REQUIRED, bbls

=( Dia ofHole )x

=(

1029

)x

Required Plug Length in Ft.

WATER SPACER AHEAD IN bbls Choose a volume but be careful that loss of hydrostatic does not cause kick LENGTH OF SPACER IN ANNULS, ft (V1) = Spacer Volume, bbls Ann. Volume, bbls/ft.

VOLUME OF SPACER BEHIND CEMENT, bbls (V2) = V1 x Pipe cap., bbls/ft

LENGTH OF BALANCED CEMENT COLUME, ft = Cement Volume, bbls (Ann. Vol., bbls/ft + Pipe Cap., bbls/ft

MUD TO DISPLACE PLUG INTO POSITION, bbls = [(C. base - L. plug) x Pipe Cap., bbls/ft] - V2 STROKES TO DISPLACE = Mud to displace, bbls Pump Output/stroke C. base= Base of Plug, ft. L. Plug= Length of Cement Plug. Ft. V2= Spacer volume behind cement, bbls EXAMPLE Plug Length to be = Water Spacer ahead = Annular Volume = Pipe Capacity = Hole capacity = Depth of Plug base = Pump Output = 400 ft 20 bbls .1215 bbls/ft .01776 bbls/ft .1458 bbls/ft 10,000 ft .109 bbls/stroke

Cement volume required = = .1458 x 400 ft 58.32 bbls WORK SPACE Pipe Length= 9000 Water Spacer ahead = 40 Annular Volume = 0.014 Pipe Capacity = 0.0177 Hole capacity = 0.0465 Depth of Plug base = 11,326 Pump Output = 0.168 418.5 CEMENT VOLUME REQUIRED

Length of Spacer in annulus, ft. = 20 0.1215 164.16 Volume of Spacer behind cement, bbls

ANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM 2857.1429 LENGTH OF SPACER IN ANNULUS

164.6 x .01776 2.92 bbls

ANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM 50.571429 VOLUME OF SPACER BEHIND CEMENT bbls

Length of Balanced cement Column = 58.32 .1215 + .01776 58.32 0.13926 ANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM 13201.893 LENGTH OF BALANCED CEMENT COLUME

= 418.8 ft.

Mud to displace into Position, bbls = ( 10,000 ft. - 418.8) x .01776 ANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM -83.77473 MUD TO DISPLACE INTO POSITION bbls

= 170.16 bbls - 2.92 bbls = 167.24

Strokes to Displace = 167.24 0.109 ANSWER TO ACTUAL PROBLEM -498.6591 STROKES TO DISPLACE

= 1534 stks

THE END

PART 6 HYDRAULICS

ANNULAR VELOCITY ft/min Flow Rate = Hole Diameter = Pipe OD = 450 gallons per minute (GPM) 12.25" 5"

Dh= dp=

ANNULAR VELOCITY, ft/min = 24.51 x GPM (Dh2 - dp2) 24.51 x GPM (12.252 - 52 11029.5 125.0625 88.2 ft/min WORK SPACE FlowRrate= 374 Dh= 6.5 dp= 5 531.40522

ANNULAR VELOCITY ft/min

EQUIVALENT CIRCULATING DENSITY (ECD) For low mud weight Mud Wt. = Yield Point = Hole Diameter = Pipe OD = 11ppg 13 12.25" 5"

Dh= dp= ECD, ppg =

Mud Weight, ppg +

[
13 x .1 (12.25 -5)

Yield x .1 (Dh - dp)

WORK SPACE Mud Wt. 16.5 Yield Point 12 Hole Dia. 8.75 Pipe OD 5 16.82 ECD

11+

[ [

] ]

11 +

1.3 7.25

11 +.18

= 11.18 ppg

EQUIVALENT CIRCULATING DENSITY For Mud Weights greater than 13 ppg Mud Weight= Yield Point= Plastic Viscosity= Hole Diameter= Pipe OD= Annular Velocity= 15 ppg 18 30 12 1/4 5 90 ft/min WORK SPACE M.W.= 16.5 Y.P.= 12 P.V.= 18 Dh= 6.5 dp= 5 V= 531.405217 TAKEN FROM AV FORMULA 18.7170806 ECD

Dh= dp= V=

ECD, ppg

=M.Wt+

[ [ [ [

0.1 (Dh -dp) 0.1 (12.25 - 5) 0.1 7.25

x(YP
X 18+

+(

PV X V 300 X (Dh -dp)

))]

=15+

( (

30 X 90 300 X (12.25 - 5) 2700 300 X 7.25 2700 2175

))] ))]

=15+

X 18 +

( (

= 15 +

0.1308 X

(18 + (

))]

= 15 + [.0138 X (18 + 1.2414))] = 15 + [.0138 X 19.2414] =15 + .2655 =15.26 PPG *field approximation

ECD USING ANNULAR PRESSURE LOSS

ECD ppg = (Annular Pressure Loss / .052 / TVD, ft) + Mud Wt. Ppg WORK SPACE 50 9200 9.2 9.30451505 ECD

Annular Pressure Loss = TVD= Mud Wt =

GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR OPTIMIZATION: Roller Cone Bits

= Bbls/Stroke x SPM x 42

Recommended range is between 30 and 50 GPM/inch of Bit Diameter eg. 30 GPM x 12 1/4" = 367.5 GPM 50 GPM x 12 1/4 = 612.5 GPM WORK SPACE Bbl/stk 0.117 SPM= 40 RANGE = 80 374.4

OPT. GPM

GALLONS PER MINUTE FOR PDC BITS Minimum flowrate to be used D= Bit Diameter = 12 1/4 MINIMUM FLOWRATE, GPM = 12.72 (D)1.47 = 12.72 ( 12.25)1.47 = 12.72 X 39.77 = 505.9 GPM WORK SPACE Bit Dia= 8.5 295.6194

Min. flow rate

HHP REQUIRED AT SURFACE (INPUT) This is a 10 D rule HHP required at surface = 10 (Bit Size)2 Bit Size= WORK SPACE 6.5 422.5

HHP Required at Surface

CRITICAL VELOCITY, ft/min Mud velocity above which flow changes from Laminar to Turbulent Mud Wt = Plastic Viscosity = Yield Point = Hole Diameter = Pipe OD = 11 ppg 30 15 12 1/4 5"

Dh= dp=

CRITICAL VELOCITY, ft/min = 60 x

1.08 PV+ 1.08 SQRT OF PV2 + 9.26 (Dh - dp)2 x YP x M. Wt M. Wt x (Dh -dp)

]
WORK SPACE

=60 x

(1.08 x 30) + 1.08 SQRT OF 30 2 + 9.26 (12.25 - 5)2 x 15 x 11 11 x (12.25 - 5)

= 60 x

32.4 + 1.08 SQRT OF 900 + 9.26 (52.5625) x 165 79.75 32.4 _ 1.08 SQRT OF 900 + 80310 79.75 32.4 + 1.08 SQRT OF 81210 79.75 32.4 + 1.08 x 284.974 79.75 32.4 + 307.77 79.75 340.17 79.75 = 60 x 4.265 = 256 ft/min

Mud Wt= PV= YP= Dh= dp=

16.5 20 15 6.5 2.875 210.92355

Critical volocity ft/min

= 60 x

= 60 x

=60 x

= 60 x

= 60 x

GPM TO OBTAIN CRITICAL VELOCITY Critical Velocity = Hole Diameter = Pipe OD = 256 ft/min 12 1/4 5"

Dh = dp = GPM

Critical Velocity x (Dh2 - dp2) 24.51 256 x (12.252 - 52) 24.51 256 x 125.0625 24.51 32016 24.51 WORK SPACE Critical Velocity = 188 Hole Diameter = 6.5 Pipe OD = 3.5 230.11016

Critical Velocity

= 1306 GPM

PRESSURE DROP ACROSS BIT Two formulae: one for Total Area of Nozzles in square inches the other for sizes of nozzles in 32nds GPM = 450 M/Wt .= 12ppg

Nozzles = 3 x 12/32nds or = .3313 square inches PRESSURE DROP, psi = GPM2 x M. Wt. Ppg 10863.1 x Nozzle Area2 OR = 156.482 x GPM2 X M. Wt (J12 + J22 + J32)2

4502 X 12 10863.1 X .33132

_______ =

156.482 X 4502 X12 (122 + 122 +122)2

202500 x 12 10863.1 x .10976

_______ =

156.482 x 202.500 x 12 (144 + 144 + 144)2 WORK SPACE GPM = 199 M. Wt= 16.5 Nozzles = 0.331 square inches 549.0101 PRESSURE DROP

2430000 1192.33

________=

380251260 (432)2

2038 psi

_______ =

380251260 186624 = 2038 psi

NOZZLE SIZES For bits with 2, 3 or more nozzles M. Wt = Pressure Drjop at Bit = GPM = No of Jets = NOZZLE SIZE =3.536 x SQRT GPM No of Jets x SQRT M. Wt ppg Pressure Drop at Bit 12 ppg 2038 psi 450 3 M. Wt = Pressure Drop at Bit = GPM = No. of Jets = 16.5 800 374 3 15.0761165

NOZZLE SIZES

= 3.536

x SQRT

450 3

x SQRT

12 2038

= 3.536

x SQRT

150

x SQRT

0.00589

= 3.536 = 3.536

x SQRT x SQRT

150 X .0767 11.51

'= 3.536 x 3.3926 = 11.99

Interpretation of answers example: if answer is between 11.8 and 12.2, choose 3 x 12/32nds example: if answer is between 11.5 and 11.8, choose 1 x 11/32nds and 2 x 12/32nds example: if answer is between 11.2 and 11.5, choose 2 x 11/32nds and 1 x 12/23nds

HYDRAULIC HORSEPOWER AT BIT (HHP) GPM = Pressure Loss at Bit = Total Pump Pressure = Bit Diameter = HHP AT BIT = GPM x Pressure Loss at Bit, psi 1714 450 x 2038 1714 917100 1714 GPM = Pressure Loss at Bit = Total Pump Pressure = Bit Diameter = WORK SPACE 199 354 3300 6.5 41.1003501 450 2038 psi 3000 psi 12-1/4"

HHP AT BIT

= 535 HHP

TOTAL HHP

= GPM x Total Pump Pressure, psi 1714 = 450 x 3000 1714 787.6 HHP

ANSWER F/ PART 6 HYDRAULICS/ HHP AT BIT GPM = 199 Pump Pressure = 3300 383.1389 TOTAL HHP

HHP/SQUARE INCH OF BIT DIAMETER

HHP at Bit .7854 x Bit Dia2 535 .7854 x 12.252 535

ANSWER FROM PART 6 HYDRAULICS/ (HHP AT BIT) HHP at Bit = 41.1003501 Bit Dia = 6.5 1.23859097 HHP SQ. INCH OF BIT DIA.

117.86 = 4.5 HHP/sq. inch

% HHP AT BIT Percentage of total HHP. Optimum hydraulics range is 50 to 65% There are two formulae: one using HHP the other using pressure 787.6; Total Pressure = 3000 535; Pressure Loss at Bit = 2038 ANS:F/ PART 6 HYDRAULICS/HHP AT BIT & TOTAL HHP % HHP HHP at Bit = 41.1003501 FIRST FORMULAE Total HHP = 383.138856 = HHP at Bit x 100 10.7272727 % HHP AT BIT Total HHP = 535 x 100 787.6 67.90% HHP Total = HHP at Bit =

SECOND FORMULAE = Pressure Loss at Bit x 100 Total Pump Pessure 2038 x 100 3000 67.90% ANS: F/PART 6 HYDRAULICS/PRESSURE DROP ACROSS BIT & HHP AT BIT Pressure Loss at Bit = 549.0101 Total Pump Pressure = 3300 16.63667 TOTAL HHP

PRESSURE / STROKE / MUD WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP Effect on pump presure due to changes in SPM or Mud Weight Current Pressure = 3000 psi Current SPM = 80 Current Mud WT. = 11 NewSPM = 90 New Mud Wt. = 12 NEW PRESSURE, psi = Current Pressure, psi x

( )
2

New SPM Old SPM

Currnt Pressure x

New Mud Wt. Old Mud Wt.

=3000 x

90 80

=3000 x

12 11

= 3000 x (1.125)2 = 3000 x 1.2656 =3797 psi *A more accurate answer can be obtained by using the power 1.86 instead of squaring: This needs a special function key on your calculator WORK SPACE Old Mud WT. = 15.5 Current Pressure = 650 Current SPM = 50 Current Mud Wt. = 15.5 New SPM = 50 New Mud Wt. = 16.5 650 New pressure using power 1.86 AND SPM 691.9355 PSI. Using Mud Weight

= 3000 x 1.0909 =3272 psi

NOZZLE (JET) VELOCITY, ft/sec Speed at which mud is traveling through each nozzle Often called Jet Velocity GPM = 450 Nozzle Size = 3 x 12/32nds or = .3313 square inches NOZZLE VELOCITY, ft/sec = 418.3 x GPM J 12 + J22 + J32 = 418.3 x 450 122 + 122 + 122 188235 14 4 + 144 + 144 188235 432 = WORK SPACE GPM = 199 Jet 1= 15 Jet 2= 15 Jet 3= 15 Jet 4= 0 Jet 5= 0 Jet 6= 0 123.32104 ft/sec

0.5177185 Nozzle Area 123.19832 ft/sec = GPM 3.12 (NOZZLE Area) 450 3.12 x .3313 450 1.0336 435 ft/sec

= 435 ft/sec

IMPACT FORCE, lbs GPM = 450 Mud Wt. = 12 ppg Jet Velocity = 435 ft/sec IMPACT FORCE IN , lbs

WORK SPACE GPM = 199 Mud Wt. = 16.5 Jet Velocity = 123.32104

taken f/ nozzle jet velocity (previous page)

GPM x M. Wt. Ppg x Jet Velocity, ft/sec 1932

209.58832

IMPACT FORCE

450 x 12 x 435 1932

= 1216 lbs

PLASTIC VISCOSITY/YIELD POINT

PV = Fann 600 Reading - Fann 300 Reading (General rule: keep as low as possible) YP = Fann 300 Reading - PV (General rule of thumb: YP = M. Wt. Ppg) FANN 600 READING = FANN 300 READING = 2PV + YP YP + PV

WORK SPACE PV = 18 YP = 12 48 FANN 600 READING 30 FANN 300 READING

APPARENT VISCOSITY = Fann 600 Reading 2 Fann 600 Reading = 48 24 taken f/ plastic vis/yield point above page APPARENT VISCOSITY

HHP/SQ IN (RULE OF THUMB) WORK SPACE ROP = 45 6.7082039

SQRT ROP

(in most cases no more than 7)

HHP/SQ IN (RULE OF THUMB)

1 YP in lbs/100 ft2 = .479 Pascals 1/32nd x .7937 = Millimeters

HYDRAULIC RULE OF THUMP General rules of optimization of hydraulics (remember that tehnology is extending values given below) Flow rate: 30-5- gpm/in of bit diameter (values up to 70 are not uncommon) HHP/square inch: 2.5-7 (values up to 11 are not uncommon

% pressure at bit 50-65% (may be different depending on requirements for hole cleaning) Jet velocity: 350-450 ft/second (may vary with changes to above)

THE END

PART 6 MISCELLANEOUS

CRITICAL RPM (accurate to + or _ 15% RPM to avoid due to excessive vibration L= OD = ID = length of one jt.of pipe = Pipe OD = Pipe ID = 31 ft 5" 4.276" WORK SPACE 31 5 4.276 226.296768

CRITICAL RPM = 33055 L2 33055 312 33055 961 x SQRT (OD2 +ID2) L= OD = ID =

CRITICAL RPM

x SQRT

(52 + 4.2762)

x SQRT

43.284

34.3964 x 6.579

= 226 RPM Rule of thump: for 5" drill pipe, do not exceed 200 RPM for any depth

TEST VOLUME Approx. mud to pump to achieve a desired test pressure Test pressure required = VM = 7500

Mud volume between testing pump and other end of system ( e.g. closed ram). = 15 bbls WORK SPACE 310 PSI = 800 VM = 0.744 BBLS TO PUMP

TEST VOLUME, bbls = VM x .000003 x Test Pressure, psi = 15 x .000003 x 7500 = .34 bbls

GEL REQUIRED For making a gel with water VH 20 x = W1 = W2 = Vol of Water Weight of water Weight of Gel Mud = 800 = 8.5 = 9.0 ppg WORKE SPACE VH 20 x = 1000 W1 = 8.5 W2 = 8.8 21221.617

LBS OF GEL

GEL REQUIRED IN lbs. = VH 20 x

[ [ [

909.7 (W2 -W1) 21.66 - W2 909.7 (9.0 - 8.5) 21.66 -9.0 909.7 x .5 12.66

] ]

800 x

800 x

= =

800 x 35.928 28742 lbs

Bentonite increases volume by approx 1 barrel every 9 sx

MICRON SIZES Clay and bentonite less than Barite Silt API Sand greater than 1 2 to 60 2 to 74 74

Talcum Powder Kitchen Flour

5 to 50 1 to 80

MICRON CUT POINTS Centrifuge Desilter 3" to 4" cones Desander 5" to 12" cones 3 to 5 Microns 12 to 60-icrons 30 to 60 Microns

PRESSURE AT CONE MANIFOLD AND CONE CAPACITIES A rule og thumb for required pump presure at cone manifold on Desilters or Desanders = 4 x m. wt.(ppg)

CONE CAPACITIES 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 50 GPM/cone 100 GPM/cone 155 GPM/ cone 500 GPM/cone 600 GPM/cone

pH Ph Measure of effective acidity or akalinity of mud. Range is 0 to 14. pH 7 is neutral Greater than 7 is ALKALINE Less than 7 is ACID

MARSH FUNNEL Time for fresh water to drain = 26 seconds =/- 1/2 second per quart

NORMAL FORMATION PRESSURE .465 psi / ft. or 8.94 ppg

FRESH WATER GRADIENT .433 psi / ft.

OVERBURDEN GRADIENT 1.0 psi / ft.

THE END

PART 7 CONVERSION FACTORS

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

A
Athomospheres Athomospheres Athomospheres Athomospheres Athomospheres Athomospheres Athomospheres

76 760 29.92 33.9 1.0333 14.7 1.058

Cms of mercury Milimeters of mercury Inches of mercury Feet of water Kgs/sq cm Lbs/sq in Tons/sq ft.

MULTIPLY BY

BY

TO OBTAIN

B
Barrel Barrel Barrel-oil Bbls (US) Barrels of water Barrels (36 API) Barrel /hour Barrel / hour Barrel / hour Barrel / day Bbls / ft Bars Bars Bars Bars Bars / Mt Btu Btu Btu Btu Btu Btu Btu / min Btu / min Btu / min Btu / min

INPUT 0 42 0

5.6146 0.15897 0.15899 0.1588 0.1342 0.0936 0.7 2.695 0.02917 0.52161 0.9869 2089 14.5 100 4.421 0.252 0.2928 777.5 0.0003927 107.5 0.0002928 12.96 0.02356 0.01757 17.57

Cubic ft. Cubic meters Gallons-oil Cubic meters Metric ton Metric ton Cubic in/sec Gallons per minute Cubic in/sec Gallons per minute Cubic meters/meter Atmospheres Lbs/sq ft. Lbs/sq in. Kilopascals psi/ft. Kilogram - calones Wall hour Foot - lbs Horsepower - hours Kilogram - meters Kilowatt - hours Foot - lbs/sec Hoursepower Kilowatts Walts

OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MULTIPLY BY

BY INPUT 0.01 0.01 0.3937 0.01 10 0.01316 0.4461 136 27.85 0.1934 1.969 0.03281 0.036 0.6 0.02237 0.0003728 0.03281 0.00003531 0.06102 Grams Liters Inches Meters Milimeters

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

C
Centigrams Centiliters Centimeters Centimeters Centimeters Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters / second Centimeters / second Centimeters / second Centimeters / second Centimeters / second Centimeters / second Centimeters / second /second Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters

Atmospheres Feet of water Kgs/sq meter Lbs/sq ft. Lbs/sq in. Feet / min. Feet / sec. Kilomeers / hrs Meters / min Miles / hour Miles / min. Feet / sec / sec Cubic feet Cubic inches

Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet / minute Cubic feet / minute Cubic feet / minute Cubic feet / minute Cubic feet / minute Cubic feet / minute Cubic feet / second Cubic feet / second Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters

0.000001 0.000001308 0.0002642 0.001 0.002113 0.001057 0.1781 28,320.00 1728 0.02832 0.03704 7.48052 28.32 59.84 29.92 472 0.1247 0.472 62.43 10.686 28.8 0.646317 448.831 16.39 0.0005787 0.00001639 0.00002143 0.004329 0.01639 0.03483 0.01732 6.2905 1,000,000.00 35.31 61023 1.308 264.2 1000 2113 1057

Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Barrels Cubic cms Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Cubic cm / sec. Gallons / sec Liters / sec Lbs of water / min Barrels per hour Cubic in / sec. Million gats / day Gallons / min. Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Barrels Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 0.01745 3600 Grams Liters Meters Minutes Radians Seconds

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0

D
Decigrams Deciliters Decameters Degrees (angle) Degrees (angle) Degrees (angle)

Degrees / sec. Degrees / sec. Degrees / sec. Dakagrams Dekaliters Dekameters 10 10 6

0.01745 0.1667 0.002778

Radians / sec. Revolutions / min. Revolutions / sec. Gram Liters Meters

0 0 0 0 0 0

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 1

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

F
Fathoms Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet of water Feet of water Feet of water Feet of water Feet of water Feet / min. Feet / min. Feet / min. Feet / min. Feet / min. Fet / sec. Fet / sec. / sec. Feet / sec./sec. Foot pounds / min Foot pounds / min Foot pounds / min Foot pounds / min Foot pounds / min Foot pounds / sec Foot pounds / sec Foot pounds / sec Foot pounds / sec

6 30.48 12 0.3048 0.36 0.333333 0.0295 0.8826 0.03048 62.43 0.4335 0.508 0.01667 0.01829 0.3048 0.01136 0.68182 30.48 0.3048 0.001286 0.01667 0.0000303 0.0003241 0.0000226 0.07717 0.001818 0.01945 0.001356

Feet Centimeters Inches Meters Varas (Texas) Yards Atmoseres Inches of mercury Kgs / sq cm Lbs / sq ft Lbs / sq in Centimeters / sec Feet / sec Kilometers / hr Meters / min Miles / hr Miles per hour Cms / sec / sec Meters / sec / sec Btu / min Foot pounds / sec Horsepower Kg calories / min Kilowatts Btu / min Horsepower Kg calories / min Kilowatts

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 1000

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 23.81

G
Gallons (U.S.)

0.02381

Barrel

Gallons (U.S.) Gallons (U.S.) Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons (Imperial) Gallons (Imperial) Gallons of water Gallons / min Gallons / min Gallons / min Gallons / min Gallons / min Gallons / min Gallons / min Gallons of water / min Grains / U.S. gallons Grains / U.S. gallons Grains / Imperial gallons Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams / cm Grams / cubic cm Grams / cubic cm Grams / lier Grams / lier Grams / lier Grams / lier

0.83267 0.00378 3785 0.1337 231 0.003785 0.00495 3.785 8 4 1.20095 277.419 8.3453 1.429 0.1337 34.286 0.06308 8.0208 0.13368 0.002228 6.0086 17.118 142.86 14.286 980.7 15.43 0.001 1000 0.03527 0.03215 0.002205 0.0056 62.43 0.03613 58.417 8.345 0.062427 1000

Gallons (Imperial) Cubic meters Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Gallons (U.S.) Cubic inches Pounds of water Barrels per hour Cubic ft / min Barrels per day Liters / sec Cubic ft / hr Cubic ft / min Cubic ft / sec Tons water / 24 hrs Paris / million Lbs / million gal Parts / million Dynes Grains Kilograms Milligrams Ounces (Avoir) Ounces (troy) Pounds Pounds / inch Ponds / cubic foot Pounds / cubic inch Grains / gals Pounds / 1000 gals Pounds / cubic foot Parts / million

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 100 100 100 42.44 Grams Liters Watts Btu / min

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 0 0 0

H
Hectograms Hectoliters Hectowatts Horsepower

Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower (hours) Horsepower (hours) Horsepower (hours) Horsepower (hours) Horsepower (hours)

33,000 550 1.014 10.7 0.7457 745.7 33,479 9.803 2,547 1,980,000 641.7 273,700 0.7457

Foot-lbs / min Foot lbs / sec Horsepower (metric) Kg-calories / min Kilowatts Watts Btu / hr Kilowatts Btu Foot-lbs Kilogram-calorie Kilogram-meters Kilowatt-hours

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

I
Inches Inches of Mercury Inches of Mercury Inches of Mercury Inches of Mercury Inches of Mercury Inches of Water Inches of Water Inches of Water Inches of Water Inches of Water Inches of Water

2.54 0.03342 1.133 0.03453 70.73 0.4912 0.002458 0.073255 0.00254 0.5781 5.202 0.03613

Centimeters Atmospheres Feet of Water Kgs / sq cm Lbs / sq ft Lbs / sq n Atmospheres Inches of mercury Kgs / sq cm Ounces / sq in Lbs / sq ft Lbs / sq in

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 0 10 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 22.05 0.001102 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

K
Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms / meter Kilograms / meter Kilograms / sq cm Kilograms / sq cm Kilograms / sq cm Kilograms / sq cm Kilograms / sq cm Kilograms / sq cm2

980665 2.205 0.001102 1000 7.233 0.672 0.9678 32.81 28.96 2048 14.22 0.98

Dynes Lbs Tons (short) Grams Ft-lbs Lbs / ft Atmospheres Feet of water Inches of mercury Lbs / sq ft Lbs / sq in Bars

Kilograms / sq cm2 Kilograms / sq cm2 Kgs / sq millimeter Kiloliters Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers / hr Kilometers / hr Kilometers / hr Kilometers / hr Kilometers / hr Kilometers / hr Kms / hr / sec Kms / hr / sec Kms / hr / sec Kilowhatts Kilowhatts Kilowhatts Kilowhatts Kilowhatts Kilowhatts Killowhatt-hours Killowhatt-hours Killowhatt-hours Killowhatt-hours Killowhatt-hours Knol Knot

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

98 14.22 1,000,000 1,000 1,000,000 3,281 1,000 0.6214 0.5396 1,094 27.78 54.66 0.9113 0.5396 16.67 0.6214 27.78 0.9113 0.2778 56.92 44,250 737.6 1.341 14.34 1,000 3.451 2,655,000 1.314 860.5 367.1 1 1.151

Kilopascals Lbs / square inch Kgs / sq meter Liters Centimeters feet Meters Miles Miles (nautial) Yards Centimeters / sec Feet / min Feet / sec Knots Meters / min Meters / hr Cms / sec / sec Ft / sec / sec Meters / sec / sec Btu / min Foot-lbs / min Foot-lbs / sec Horsepower Kg-calories / min Wats Btu Foot-lbs Horsepower-hrs Kilogram-calories Kilogram-meters Nautical miles / hr Statute miles / hr

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

L
Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters / min Liters / min

1,000 0.03531 61.02 0.001 0.001308 0.2642 2.113 1.057 0.0005886 0.004403

Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Pints(liquid) Quarts (liquid) Cubic ft/sec. Gals/sec

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 0 650 0 0 0 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 650 0 0 1 1.54723

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 2132.65 0 0 0 711.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 107.28 5364 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25.5905 0 0

M
Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters / min Meters / min Meters / min Meters / min Meters / min Meters / sec Meters / sec Meters / sec Meters / sec Meters / sec Meters / sec Microns Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Mile (Nautical) Mile (Nautical) Miles / hr Miles / hr Miles / hr Miles / hr Miles / hr Miles / hr Miles / min Miles / min Miles / min Miles / min Milliers Milligrams Milliliters Millimeters Millimeters Milligrams / liter Milion / gals. / day

100 3.281 39.37 0.001 1,000 1.094 1.667 3.281 0.05468 0.06 0.03728 196.8 3.281 3.6 0.06 2.237 0.03728 0.000001 160,900 5,280 1.609 1,760 1,900.80 6,080.27 1.15 44.7 88 1.467 1.609 0.8684 26.82 2,682 88 1.609 60 1,000 0.001 0.001 0.1 0.03937

Centimeters feet Inches Kilometers Millimeters Yards Centimeters / sec Feet / min Feet / sec Kilometers / hr Miles / hr Feet / min Feet / sec Kilometerw / hr Kilometerw / min Miles / hr Miles / min Meters Centimeters Feet Kilometers Yards Varas (Texas) Feet Mile (statute) Centimeters / sec Feet / min Feet / sec Kilometers / hrs Knots Meters / min Centimeters / sec Feet / sec Kilometer / min Miles / hr Kilograms Grams Liters Centimeters Inches Parts / million Cubic feet / sec

Minutes (angle)

0.0002909

Radians

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

O
Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces (fluid) Ounces (fluid) Ounces/sq inch

16 437.5 0.0625 28.349572 0.9115 0.0000279 0.00002835 1.805 0.02957 0.0625

Drams Grains Pounds Grams Ounces (troy) Tons (long) Tons (metric) Cubic inchse Liters Lbs/sq inch

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 0.0584 0.07016 8.345 16 256 7,000 0.0005 453.5924 1.21528 14.5833 0.01602 27.68 0.1198 0.01602 16.02 0.0005787 27.68 27,680 1,728 0.000267 1.488 8.337 120 0.01175 0

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT #VALUE! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

P
Parts/million Parts/million Parts/million Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds of Water Pounds of Water Pounds of Water Pounds/cubic foot Pounds/cubic foot Pounds/cubic foot Pounds/ cubic inch Pounds/ cubic inch Pounds/ cubic inch Pounds of water/min Pounds/foot Pounds/gallon Pounds/gallon Pounds/gallon Pounds/gallon

Grains/U.S. gal Graind/Imperial gal Lbs/million gallons Ounces Drams Grains Tons (short) Grams Pounds (troy) Ounces (troy) Cubic feet Cubic inches Gallons Grams/cubic cm Kgs/cubic cm Kgs/cubic meter Grams/cubic cm Kgs/cubic meter Lbs/cubic foot Cubic/ft sec Kgs/meter Grams/cubic cm Kgs/meter2 Bars/meter SG

Pounds/inch Pounds/sq foot Pounds/sq foot Pounds/sq foot Pounds sq inch Pounds sq inch Pounds sq inch Pounds sq inch Pounds sq inch Pounds-force Pounds-force

178.6 0.01602 0.00004883 0.006945 0.06804 2.307 2.036 0.07031 6.895 4.448 0.4448

Grams/cm Feet of water Kgs/sq cm Pounds/sq inch Atomspheres Feet of water Inches of mercury Kgs/sq cm Kilopascals Newtons Deca newtons

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 67.2 57.75 0.964

TO OBTAIN OUTUT 0 0 3.856

Q
Quarts (dry) Quarts (liquid) Quarts (liquid)

Cubic inches Cubic inches Liter

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 0.155 0.0929 0.1296 6.452 0.3861 10.76 2.59 7.716 640 Square inch

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

S
Square cemtimeter Square foot Square foot Square inch Square kilometer Square meter Square mile Square vara (Texas) Square mile

Square meter Square vara (Texas) Square centimeters Square mile Square feet Square kilometers Square feet Acre

Specific Gravity (SG)

0.0981

Bars/meter

MULTIPLY

BY INPUT 1.8 0.55555 1,016 2,240 1.12 1,000 2,205 Temp (F.) Temp(C) Kilograms Pounds Tons (short) Kilograms Pounds

TO OBTAIN OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T
Temp (C) + 17.78 Temp (F.) -32 Tons (long) Tons (long) Tons (long) Tons (metric) Tons (metric)

#
1,000,000 1,000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 .000,0001 = = = = = = = = = 106 103 102 101 Base Unit 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 = = = = = = = = = mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli micro = = = = = = = = = M k h da da c m u

The End
FORMULAS AND RULES OF THUMB

AREA OF CIRCLE

= PI x THE RADIUS SQUAREED (PI R2) OR (D2 x .7854) WORK SPACE D= 6 28.2744 Area of Circle

CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE

(PI x DIA)

WORK SPACE DIA = 12 37.69911 Circumference of circle

DIAMETER OF A CIRCLE

CIRCUMFERENCE DIV. PI

WORK SPACE CIRCUMFERENCE = 6 1.909859 Dia. Of Circle

RADIUS OF A CIRCLE

DIA 2

WORK SPACE DIA= 6 3 Radius of Circle

FORCE PER SQUARE INCH OF THE AMOUNT OF WEIGHT IT WILL TAKE FOR TOOL TO FALL NEGLECTING FRICTION

AREA IN SQUARE INCHES x PRESSURE (A x P = F) AREA = PRESSURE= WORK SPACE 3 3000 9000 Force to Fall

WEIGHT PER FT. OF ROUND BAR STOCK

DIA. SQUARED x 8 DIV. BY 3 OR DIA SQUARED x 2.67 D2 x 8 3 WORK SPACE DIA. = 6 96 Weight Per Ft. (Round Bar)

VOLUME OF A SPHERE = DIA. CUBED x .5236 (D3 x .5236) DIA. = WORK SPACE 6 113.0976 Volume of Sphere

WIND CHILL FACTOR (((1.45 + (6.686112 x SQRT WIND SPEED - .447041 x WIND SPEED))) DIV. 22.034 x (TEMP *F - 91.4) DIV. 91.4

TEMP = W.S. =

WORK SPACE 45 10 34.28347 Wind Chill

The End

Shoe depth 5280

Slug Volume

Level drop std.

Stretch/inches

Fixed Stroke

ME REQUIRED

NNULUS

EHIND CEMENT bbls

D CEMENT COLUME

NTO POSITION bbls

Critical volocity ft/min