COURSE 1

Loud and Clear

Introduction1

1. Look at the statements. Face to face communication minimizes the risk of misunderstanding. Consequently the !ideo "hone #ill $e a huge asset to society. %o$ile "hones are a "u$lic nuisance and should $e $anned. &o you agree #ith their !ie#s e'"ressed( ). &o you think #e ha!e $ecome $etter communicators #ith all the high*the aids #e ha!e today( +i!e reasons for your ans#er.

E,ERC-SE 1.

.o# good a listener are you( /hich of these could a""ly to you during a ty"ical

con!ersation( 0ick and then com"are your results #ith another student. Do you hear what Im saying? &ay*dreaming a$out something com"letely unrelated. Losing interest in #hat another "erson is saying. Finishing off sentences for slo# or $oring s"eakers %isinter"reting either deli$erately or $y accident Filtering the message 2 hearing #hat you #ant 3utting in $efore you ha!e heard all the facts 0rying to change the su$4ect "rematurely Fidgeting and causing other distractions to the s"eaker E,ERC-SE ). Noun
1

11111111111 11111111111 11111111111 11111111111 11111111111 11111111111 11111111111 11111111111

0he follo#ing #ords are all to do #ith qualities a good listener may ha!e. Can 1111111 restraint 1111111

you "ro!ide the related ad4ecti!es or nouns( alertness

0ricia 5s"inall 6 5nnette Ca"el Advanced Masterclass CAE, Students Book O'ford Uni!ersity 7ress )889 ". :*18

Adjective

1111111

attenti!e

1111111

res"ectful

Com"lete the sentences a$out good listeners choosing suita$le nouns or ad4ecti!es from those a$o!e. 1. ;anet #as !ery 11111111111 in the meeting today 2 she "icked u" a lot of mistakes in the accountant<s re"ort= ). E!en if you find #hat he says $oring sho# him the 11111111111 he deser!es. >. - thought you #ere !ery 11111111111 4ust no# 2 - #ould ha!e told them to shut u" and mind their o#n $usiness= ?. -f you "ay 11111111111 this #on<t take long to e'"lain. @. ;ohn is a "articularly ! inter!ie#er and gi!es the im"ression that he is !ery interested in #hat "eo"le are saying. 9. She sho#ed a lot of 11111111111 in staying calm during such a confrontation.

Spea ing

1. 5sk another student questions a$out the follo#ing to"icsA B something they really hate doing B something unusual they #ould like to do

their current 4o$ or studies their fa!ourite free*time acti!ity

%ake notes of the ans#ers to your questions an then introduce that "erson to another "air referring to your notes if necessary. 5im to s"eak for a$out >8 seconds. ). .o# could you im"ro!e the fluency of your introduction and a!oid re"eating yourself( Look at these con!ersation linkers and use some of them in a re!ised introduction. Another very interesting side to X is his/ her In addition to , X is also Moving on to another of Xs n the other hand, X !elieves Changing the su!"ect a little, # is a ne $ore thong needs to !e said a!out X %inally, Xs a$!ition is to &ast !ut not least, X

!eading"

1. Read the #hole of this te't a$out mo$ile "hones quickly timing yourself as you

read. Find out #ho $ought each "hone and #ho "ays the $ill.

0ricia 5s"inall 5nette Ca"el Advanced Masterclasss CAE 'ork!ook O'ford Uni!ersity 7ress )889 ". ?*9

(hese days it see$s that every other teenager is )alking do)n the street )ith a $o!ile *hone glued to their ear+ ,ere, $others and daughters say )hat a $o!ile $eans to the$+ #ar$ara %&'( C- sometimes #orry that the mo$ile #ill get "assed around and -<ll run u" a huge $ill #ithout e!en realizing it. 0hat hasn<t ha""ened yet 2 so many of Louisa<s friends ha!e got their o#n any#ay. 0hey<!e all got used to them no# $ut they #ere !ery much toys to $egin #ith. 0eenagers seem to need constant communication and #hen the "hone rings as they<re #alking do#n the street they think it<s !ery glamorous.< Daughter Louisa %1'( C- #as delighted #hen - got it $ut scared of taking it out in case it got "inched. al#ays call %um if -<m late and - feel much more confident #ith it. Out of all my friends only a$out fi!e ha!en<t got one. -t<s handy 2 once a friend of mine had a serious medical "ro$lem and it meant #e could get hel" quickly.< )os*e CDanessa<s dad 0erence and - #ere #orried of kee"ing rack of her #hen she #as out #ith friends. .er safety #as a $ig concern es"ecially li!ing in London. 5lthough - ne!er thought - #ould say -<!e come around to the idea of teenagers ha!ing them as long as their use is strictly limited. Danessa is not allo#ed to take it to school and she "ays her $ills out of her sa!ings. Calls are free at #eekend so she<s a$le to ha!e a good gossi" to her mates then.< Daughter +anessa %1,( C%y "hone #as an early 1@th $irthday "resent. -t<s a real security $lanket es"ecially if -<m out late. ne!er take it to school although loads of girls do 2 the teachers get furious #hen they ring in class. %y "arents #ere dead against it at first $ut #hen they realised it #asn<t a status sym$ol they agreed.< ). Eo# read the te't again and match these statements to the four "eo"le. 1. She can chat to her friends #ithout it costing a fortune. ). - #orry a$out not $eing in control of it. >. - feel safer ha!ing it #ith me at night. ?. /e didn<t #ant her to ha!e one to $egin #ith. @. 0eenagers see ha!ing a mo$ile "hone as a status sym$ol. 9. /e #anted to kno# #here she #as at any time. F. - #orried a$out it $eing stolen at first. G. 5 mo$ile "hone is useful in an emergency. 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111

>. 0he te't is in informal s"oken English. Find these #ords and "hrases in the te't and then gi!e more formal equi!alents. 5n e'am"le is gi!en. >

8. run u" 1. "inched ). handy >. gossi" ?. mates @. load of 9. dead against

11accumulate11 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111 ?. Danessa descri$es her mo$ile "hone as a real security !lanket, something that gi!es her a feeling of safety. 0he #ord C$lanket< can $e a noun an ad4ecti!e or a !er$. Say #hich "art of s"eech it is in each of these e'am"les and e'"lain the meaning.

1. 5 layer of mist $lanketed the hills and it #as im"ossi$le to find our #ay. ). 0here #as $lanket co!erage of the scandal in the "ress. >. Freddy<s such a #et $lanket 2 he #ouldn<t e!en come for a drink #ith us last night. ?. %any airlines no# enforce a $lanket $an on smoking. @. 0hey encountered a $lanket of silence and endless faces #hen they entered the room.

+oca$ulary
/hile using this course kee" a se"arate note$ook for !oca$ulary and try to look $ack at it regularly. /rite do#n the !oca$ulary you learn in #ays that is meaningful to you. .ere are some #ays for recording !oca$ulary. 1. !elated parts o- speech. Use a dictionary to com"lete these sets of related #ords. Remem$er that the related forms may not $e constructi!e entries. N/0N e!asion restraint 11111111111 distraction 11111111111 strategy 11111111111 11111111111 4erk 11111111111 ? 11111111111 AD)1C2I+1 e!asi!e 11111111111 +1!# e!ade 11111111111 misinter"ret 11111111111 interru"t

11111111111

11111111111

e!aluate

). 3eaning clouds. 0hink a$out the meaning of the #ords $elo# and "ut there related #ords into each meaning cloud. 0hen chose a descri"tion that matches your choice. outstanding e'"lain nuisance un"leasant distasteful con!ince "itfall 4ustify harsh sus"icion distrust efficient effecti!e snag cynicism

a. disad!antage or "ro$lem $. descri$ing qualities c. dou$t d. descri$ing something $ad e. gi!e reasons for outstanding effecti!e efficient H$I e

>. Collocation Look at dictionary e'am"les to find some frequent collocates for #ords you ha!e learnt. For e'am"le the ad4ecti!e harsh is often used #ith the follo#ing nounsA harsh #eather a harsh !oice a harsh 4udgement harsh factsJ the harsh truth Eo# #rite do#n some noun collocation foe each of these ad4ecti!es. a. high*tech $. monotonous c. tailor made d. far*reaching e. direct f. tactless 111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111

?. 14tension 0his lesson looked at com"ound ad4ecti!es ending in -ing, foe e'am"le hard. hitting+ %any com"ound ad4ecti!es end #ith -ed+ 5dd any you kno# to this list. $ig*headed o"en*minded stony*faced short*tem"ered light*hearted 111111111111111111111 * headed 111111111111111111111 * headed 111111111111111111111 * minded 111111111111111111111 * minded 111111111111111111111* faced 111111111111111111111* faced 111111111111111111111* tem"ered 111111111111111111111* tem"ered 111111111111111111111* hearted 111111111111111111111* hearted @. !egister Remem$er to note do#n any usage restrictions #hen you list ne# !oca$ulary and record informal and more formal equi!alents together. Suggest "hrasal !er$s #hich ha!e a similar meaning to these !er$s. 5n e'am"le is gi!en. 8. #ait 1. a!oid ). defer 1111hang on 1111 111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111 9

>. re"rimand ?. increase @. s"ecify

111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111

5riting
Chose suita$le #ords to com"lete this note to a friend. e'cuses uncon!incing "retend let tactless sorry guilty u"set harsh s"lendid Dear Kate I am so (1) _____________________ that I forgot to come to your wedding last week. I feel really (2) _____________________ about it, particularly as you sent me such a (3) _____________________ invitation. I cant give any (4) _____________________for this (5) _____________________ behaviour even if I (6) _____________________ to you that I am busy at work, I know you will find this (7) _____________________ as a reason. The (8) _____________________ reality is that Ive (9) _____________________ you down. I can only tell you again how (10) _____________________ I feel and hope that youll forgive me. Love Rachel

!eading
another student.

1. Look at these "hrases. &iscuss your inter"retation of their meaning #ith >. genuine imitation leather ?. economically non*affluent "eo"le

1. incom"lete success ). real counterfeit diamonds .o# #ould you descri$e this ty"e of language(

). Read the article once timing yourself as you read. /hich "eo"le might use dou!les*eak/

2he 5orld o- Dou$lespea

Farmers o longer ha!e co#s "igs chickens or other animals on their farmsA according to U.S. &e"artment of 5griculture farmers ha!e grain-consuming animal units. 5ttenti!e o$ser!ers of the English language also learned recently that multi$illion dollar stock market crash of 1:GF #as sim"ly a
>

0ricia 5s"inall 6 5nnette Ca"el Advanced Masterclass CAE, Students Book O'ford Uni!ersity 7ress )889 ". 1>*1?

forth quarter equity retreatK that air"lanes don<t crash they 4ust ha!e uncontrolled contact with the groundK and that 7resident Reagan #asn<t really unconscious #hile he under#ent minor surgery he #as 4ust in a non-decision-making form. -n other #ords dou$les"eak continues to s"read as the official language of "u$lic communication. Dou$lespea is a $lanket term for language #hich "retends to communicate $ut doesn<t language that makes the $ad look good the negati!e a""ear "ositi!e the un"leasant attracti!e or at least tolera$le. -t is language #hich a!oids shifts or denies res"onsi$ility language #hich is at !ariance #ith its real meaning. /e kno# that a tooth$rush is still a tooth$rush e!en if the ad!ertisement on tele!ision call it a home plague remove instrument, and e!en that nutritional avoidance therapy means a diet. 3ut #ho #ould guess that a volume-related production schedule adjustment means closing an entire factory in the dou$les"eak of +eneral %otors or that energetic disassembly means an e'"losion in a nuclear "o#er "lant in the dou$les"eak of the nuclear "o#er industry( 0he eu"hemism an inoffensi!e or "ositi!e #ord or "hrase designed to a!oid a harsh un"leasant or distasteful reality can at times $e dou$les"eak. 3ut the eu"hemism can also $e a tactful #ord or "hraseK for e'am"le L"assed a#ayM functions not 4ust to "rotect the feelings of another "erson $ut also to e'"ress our concern for another<s grief. 5 eu"hemism used mislead or decei!e ho#e!er $ecomes dou$les"eak. ;argon the s"ecialized language of a trade or "rofession allo#s colleagues to communicate #ith each other clearly efficiently and quickly. -ndeed it is a mark of mem$ershi" to $e a$le to use and understand the grou"<s 4argon. 3ut it can also $e dou$les"eak 2 "retentious o$scure and esoteric terminology used to make the sim"le a""ear com"le' and not to e'"ress $ut im"ress. La#yers and ta' accountants s"eak of an involuntary conversion of "ro"erty #hen discussing the loss or destruction of "ro"erty through theft accident or condemnation. So if your house $urns do#n or your car is stolen or destroyed in an accident you ha!e in legal 4argon suffered an involuntary conversion of your "ro"erty. 5 final kind of dou$les"eak is sim"ly inflated language. Car mechanics may $e called automotive internists ele!ator o"erators members of the vertical transportation corpsK grocery checkouts clerks G

career associate scanning professionals. /hen a com"any initiates a career alternative enhacement program it is really laying off @888 #orkersK a negative patient care outcome means that the "atient died. 0hese last e'am"les should make it clear that dou$les"eak is not the "roduct of careless language or slo""y thinking. -ndeed serious dou$les"eak is carefully designed and constructed to a""ear to communicate $ut in fact to mislead. Such language is highly strategic and it $reeds sus"icion cynicism distrust and ultimately hostility. -f #e really $elie!e that #e understand dou$les"eak and think that it communicates #e are in dee" trou$le. H>@8 #ordsI >. 0he article mentions these different kinds of dou!les*eak0 the eu"hemism correct. ?. Some of the italic "hrases in the article contain com"ound ad4ecti!es ending in -ing+ For e'am"le grain.consu$ing ani$al units, non.decision.$aking for$+ Com"ound ad4ecti!es such as these are formed #ith the "resent "artici"le. For e'am"le grain*consuming 1. hard*#earing ). record*$reaking >. la$our*sa!ing ?. hard*hitting @. good*looking 9. ne!er*ending F. mouth*#atering G. far*reaching smooth*talking a $ c d e f g h off*"utting con!enient intermina$le outstanding e'tensi!e dura$le attracti!e direct a""etizing %atch each com"ound ad4ecti!e in 1*G to an ad4ecti!e in a*h #ith a similar meaning. 4argon inflated language Can you define each term in your o#n #ords( Look $ack at the article to see if your definitions #ere