Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
GeorgeGougoulidis
Improve
Technology
Operations
Fuels
Optimizescylinderpressuredistribution12% Deltatuning(Wrtsil)forreducedfuel consumptionintheloadrangethatismost commonlyused Tunedforlowerconsumptionatpartload Wrtsil IntelligentCombustionControl ensuresoptimalfiringpressures fuel reduction2.5g/kwh
Longerstrokeengines (MANGtype) low rpm largepropeller highefficiency S80engine78rpm G80engine68rpm Potentialsavings47% MANreportshaving almost200Gtype enginesonorder(spring
2013)
Nosacvolume LowerHC,NOx, particulateandsmoke emissions Improvedlowload performance Bettercombustionprocess Reducedfoulingofgas ways,exhaustgas boiler, pistontopland Nodrips,nooilwaste Canberetrofitted
Waterlowerscombustiontemperature Waterincreasesfluegasmass
Increasedpoweroutputofmassflowdevicessuchas LowerNOx
gasturbines
Ashortcombustiontime
ENRJ HROHomogenisation System Neftech Pte LtdProprietaryCavitation Technology Nonox Ltd EmulsionCombustionUnit
LloydsRegister
EliminationofSOx LowNOx andparticulateemissions Savingsfromnothavingtoseparateandheat HFO LNGcanbeusedtocooltheshipsHVACtosave ACcompressorpower Lackofinfrastructureandsupplychainnetwork Gasprovidersandbunkersuppliersunwillingto investininfrastructureuntilthereissufficient demand thereisnodemandsincethereisno infrastructure
Wrtsil
34DF 50DF
MANDiesel&Turbo
32/40DF(400kW/cylinder) 51/60DF(975kW/cylinder)
TheworldsfirstnewLNG fuelledtankerclassedbyLR 6,100dwt dualfuelled chemicaltanker L=110m Dualfuelsystemdesigned toburnan80/20mixtureof naturalgasanddiesel LNGstoredinatransport tanklocatedondeck DualfuelCaterpillarDF3512 1,115kWeach
Conversionofmethanetoliquidfuelsismore expensivethanLNGproduction TheGasToLiquids(GTL)process consumes about30%oftheenergyinthegasvs 10%for theLNGprocess Theamountofenergy/ton=2timeslowerthan thatofHFO Moretoxicthanotherfuels
Anewenginethatenablestheuseofmore sustainablefuels,suchasmethanol,Liquefied PetroleumGas(LPG) dimethylether (DME),and (bio)ethanolaswellasother,lowflashpoint fuels MANhassignedaLetterofIntentwith WaterfrontShippingfortheuseof4MANME LGIenginesonitsships Theengineswillrunonablendof95%methanol and5%dieselfuel
Currentrefersto2012
TheconsequenceofEUsulphur directivesonthe supplychainhasbeenthatmarinedieseloilwill becontaminatedwithFattyAcidMethylEsters (FAME~biodiesel) Alreadyusedintheautomotiveindustry BiofueltrialonthecontainervesselMaersk Kalmarinoneauxiliaryengine FAMEblendedwithdieselata5%95%ratio(B5) Resultsshowedthatthebiodieselfor automotiveapplicationsmaynotbeoptimalfor theuseonships
Builtin2006 Sunkin2010 Partoftheprojectwasto breaktheworldrecord forcircumnavigatingthe globeusingonly renewablefuels Theboat'sengineswere poweredcompletelyby biodiesel
"FarmtoFleet"collaborationbetweenthe USNavy andthe USDepartmentof Agriculture(USDA) Thegoalistobeindependentofforeign resources Advanceddropinbiofuelsblended1050% withconventionalfuels Projectedcostby2016 <$4/gallon~ competitivewithpetroleumproducts
Theworld'sfirst hydrogenpowered ship Launchedin2009 Hydrogenfuelcells thatgenerate100kW Capacityof100 passengers Operatesoninner citywaterwaysin Hamburg
AjointindustryR&D projectbetweenDNV andEidesvik Offshore Offshoresupplyship VikingLady Thefirsthybrid propulsionplanttouse fuelcells Installedin2009 Fuelcelloutput:330kW
Itwilltaketimebeforefuelcellsbecomea competitivealternative Restrictedbycost Storageofhydrogenonboard Duetothesmallsizeofhydrogenmolecules therecanbeleakages requiresventilationin ordertostoptheunavoidableleakagefrom becomingdangerous Purehydrogencorrodesmetals maintenance concerns Lackofinfrastructure
Intheshort term,LNGisrelativelyeasyto adoptthankstostandardsandtechnical knowledge,despitethechallengesofbuilding LNGinfrastructure Windandsolarenergyareappropriate auxiliarypowersources Inthemediumandlongterm,biofuelsand syntheticfuelshavepromise Intheevenlonger term,hydrogenisseenas anoption
GreatGreenFleetprojectedfor2016 Demonstrationtookplace inJuly 2012 Shipswerepoweredby,eithernuclearorbiofuel blends Thebiofuelblendswere5050mixturesofbiofuel (madefromusedcookingoilandalgae)and petroleumbasedmarinedieseloraviationfuel Thegoalsoftheprogramare:
Reducethedependenceonoilbasedfuelsby50%by2020 Reducetheconsumptionofenergy Decreasethedependenceonforeignsourcesofoil
Twosolutions:
Powertakeoff(PTO) systemwithfrequency
Shaftgeneratormaybeusedasamotor providingpowertothepropeller
Benefitfromefficientelectricdriveforcruise speeds&costeffectivemechanicaldrivefor higherspeeds TheelectricdriveallowstheMainDiesel Generators(MDG)toprovidepowerforthe shipselectricalloadandthepropulsionmotors Thesemotorsoperateasalternatorswhen runningontheMainDieselEngines(MDE)at higherspeeds Theresultisfewerprimemovers,fewerengine runninghoursandalsofueleconomy
2CPPpropellers Foreachshaftline,1Wrtsil maindieselengine(ME)and oneelectricmotor(PTI)are connectedtoagearbox Thepropellercanbedriven bythedieselengine,the electricmotor,orbyboththe dieselengineandtheelectric motor Themainengineshavea powertakeoffinthefront end,drivingashaftgenerator
GEAR ME GEN
PTI AUXGEN
AUX
<4kt poweredbybatteries < 8kt themotorspoweredbythe generator,withonlytheCLenginein operation 8 13kt andduringtowingoperations onlythe lateralenginesinoperation Excesselectricalpowerusedforbattery charging Infirefightingmodethemainengines providepropulsionpowerandthefire pumpsdrivenbythegeneratorengine Upto30%fuelsavingscomparedtothe conventionalversion