Future Of Wireless Communication Li-Fi (Light-Fidility)

Udit Shukla , Pooja Karwa

Student, IICA, Invertis University, Bareilly Student, IICA, Invertis University, Bareilly E-MAIL:- Udit.shukla862@gmail.com, Karwapooja11@gmail.com

Abstract : In present era we all are fighting for the highspeed of internet access, in coffee shop, conference room, classroom, meetinghall, cafe etc. I. We are useing wireless intenet which can be stealed by another guy. We also tired with low bandwith because more and more people using wireless internet, modems, devices etc. Now to overcome this problem Mr. Haraled Haas find a new way to access the internet via light. Haraled Haas a germen phycist has come up with solution calls DATA THROUGH ILLUMINATION [2] which shows behaviour , taking fiber out of fiber optic by sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. Mr. Haraled Haas says in his invention that the data rate will be speedier than the broadband which we are using in our home that is 10 mbps. The main idea behind this invention is provide high data rate to laptops, smart phones and personal computers with in a room by the help of light and controlling of internet access is just on snap of finger. If there is light then there is internet can be accessed but no light no internet access. Key Words:Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LED( Light emitting diodes),VLC.

to encode data in the light by varying the rate at which the LEDs flicker on and off to give different strings of 1s and 0s.

Fig- Work with Li-Fi technology In October 2011 a number of companies and industry groups formed the Li-Fi Consortium, to promote high-speed optical wireless systems and to overcome the limited amount of radio based wireless spectrum available by exploiting a completely different part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The consortium believes it is possible to achieve more than 10 Gbps, theoretically allowing a high-definition film to be downloaded in 30 seconds.
II. WORKING WITH LI-FI

I. INTRODUCTION Li-Fi is transmission of data through illumination by taking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending data through a LED light. Li-fi is used as a fast and cheap wireless communication. The LED intensity is modulated so rapidly that human eye cannot notice, so the output appears constant. In this technic there are parallel data transmission using array of LEDs where each LED transmit different data rate. Some organization are using combination of red, green, blue LEDs to alter the light frequency encoding a different data channel. Researchers at the Heinrich Hertz Institute in Berlin,Germany,have reached data rates of over 500 megabytes per second using a standard white-light LED. The technology was demonstrated at the 2012 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas using a pair of Casio smart phones to exchange data using light of varying intensity given off from their screens, detectable at a distance of up to 10 metres. White LED light contains higher intensity in compare to other colors. The term was first used in this context by Harald Haas in his TED Global talk on Visible Light Communication. At the heart of this technology is a new generation of high brightness light-emitting diodes, says Harald Haas from the University of Edinburgh , UK , Very simply, if the LED is on, we transmit a digital [ 1], if its off we transmit a 0 , Haas says, They can be switched on and off very quickly, which can provide us easy way and gives nice opportunities for data transmission. It is possible

This term first introduce in UK, in his TED Global talk on VLC. Mr. Haraled Haas explained it in very simple manner if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if its off you transmit a 0. A. LED (light emitting diodes) The LEDs can be switched on and off very quickly, which gives nice opportunities for transmitting data [1]. So what you require at all are some LEDs and a controller that code data into those LEDs. In this we have to just very the rate at which the LEDs flicker depending upon the data we want to encode. Further enhancements can be made in this method, like using an array of LEDs for parallel data transmission, or using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs to alter the lights frequency with each frequency encoding a different data channel. Such advancements promise a theoretical speed of 10 Gbps meaning you can download a

full high-definition film in just 30 seconds. Simply awesome! But blazingly fast data rates and depleting bandwidths worldwide are not the only reasons that give this technology an upper hand. Since Li-Fi uses just the light, it can be used safely in aircrafts and hospitals that are prone to interference from radio waves. This can even work underwater where Wi-Fi fails completely, thereby throwing open endless opportunities for military operations. Imagine yourself walking into a mall where GPS signals are unavailable but the mall is equipped with ceiling bulbs that create their own constellation of navigation beacons. As the camera of your cellphone automatically receives these signals, it switches your navigation software to use this information to guide you to the ATM machine youre looking for.

is a logical '0'. Information can therefore be encoded in the light by varying the rate at which the LEDs flicker on and off to give different strings of 1s and 0s. This method of using rapid pulses of light to transmit information wirelessly is technically referred to as Visible Light Communication (VLC), though its potential to compete with conventional Wi-Fi has inspired the popular characterisation Li-Fi. B. Visible Communication Network: Many peoples first exposure to optical wireless technology was VLC. This emerging technology offers optical wireless communications by using visible light. Today, it is seen as an alternative to different RF-based communication services in wireless personal-area networks[4]. An additional opportunity is arising by using current state-of-the-art LED lighting solutions for illumination and communication at the same time and with the same module. This can be done due to the ability to modulate LEDs at speeds far faster than the human eye can detect while still providing artificial lighting. Thus while LEDs will be used for illumination, their secondary duty could be to piggyback data communication onto lighting systems. This will be particularly relevant in indoor smart lighting systems, where the light is always on. Other examples for outdoor use include intelligent traffic systems to exchange data between vehicles, and between vehicles and road infrastructure like traffic lights and control units. Alternatively, the LEDs primary purpose could be to transmit information while the secondary purpose of illumination would be to alert the user to where the data is being transmitted from. In contrast to infrared, the so-called what you see is what you send feature can be used to improve the usability of transmitting data at shorter point-to-point distances between different portable or fixed devices. There, illumination can be used for beam guiding, discovery or generating an alarm for misalignment.

Radio waves are replaced by light waves in a new method of data transmission which is being called Li-Fi.Light-emitting diodes can be switched on and off faster than the human eye can detect, causing the light source to appear to be on continuously. A flickering light can be incredibly annoying, but has turned out to have its upside, being precisely what makes it possible to use light for wireless data transmission. Light-emitting diodes (commonly referred to as LEDs and found in traffic and street lights, car brake lights, remote control units and countless other applications) can be switched on and off faster than the human eye can detect, causing the light source to appear to be on continuously, even though it is in fact 'flickering'. This invisible on-off activity enables a kind of data transmission using binary codes: switching on an LED is a logical '1', switching it off

GIGA SHOWER The premise behind VLC is that because lighting is nearly everywhere, communications can ride along for nearly free. Think of a TV remote in every LED light bulb and youll soon realise the possibilities of this technology. C. Comparison between current technologies and Future technology Bluetooth uses Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and is allowed to hop between 79 different 1 MHzwide channels in this band. Wi-Fi uses Direct Sequence

Spread Spectrum (DSSS) instead of FHSS. Its carrier does not hop or change frequency and remains centered on one channel that is 22 MHz-wide. While there is room for 11 overlapping channels in this 83 MHz-wide band, there is only room for three non-overlapping channels. Thus there can be no more than three different Wi-Fi networks operating in close proximity to one another. Li-Fi comprises a wide range of frequencies and wavelengths, from the infrared through visible and down to the ultraviolet spectrum. It includes sub-gigabit and gigabit-class communication speeds for short, medium and long ranges, and unidirectional and bidirectional data transfer using lineof-sight or diffuse links, reflec-tions and much more. It is not limited to LED or laser technologies or to a particular receiving technique [3].
Term Wi-fi Li-fi

games, music etc in just a few minutes with the help of this technology. Also, the technology removes limitations that have been put on the user by the Wi-Fi. You no more need to be in a region that is Wi-Fi enabled to have access to the internet. You can simply stand under any form of light and surf the internet as the connection is made in case of any light presence. There cannot be anything better than this technology.

Standard

IEEE802.11

IEEE802.11

Cost

High

Low

Year development

of

1991

2011

Bandwidth

11Mbps

10Gbps

Speed

150 MBPS

>1 GBPS

Security

Low

High

LI-FI is a term of one used to describe visible light communication technology applied to high speed wireless communication. It acquired this name due to the similarity to WI-FI, only using light instead of radio[9].WI-FI is great for general wireless coverage within buildings, and li-fi is ideal for high density wireless data coverage in confined area and for relieving radio interference issues, so the two technologies can be considered complimentary. III. HOW IT IS DIFFERENT Li-Fi technology is based on LEDs for the transfer of data. The transfer of the data can be with the help of all kinds of light, no matter the part of the spectrum that they belong. That is, the light can belong to the invisible, ultraviolet or the visible part of the spectrum[4]. Also, the speed of the internet is incredibly high and you can download movies,

Working And Advantages of Li-Fi

IV. USES OF LI-FI A. In Airelines Airline Wi-Fi. Ugh. Nothing says captive audience like having to pay for the "service" of dial-up speed Wi-Fi on the plane. And dont get me started on the pricing. The best Ive heard so far is that passengers will "soon" be offered a "high-speed like" connection on some airlines. United is planning on speeds as high as 9.8 Mbps per plane. Uh, I have twice that capacity in my living room. And at the same price as checking a bag, I expect it. Li-Fi could easily introduce that sort of speed to each seat's reading light. Ill be the guy WoWing next to you. Its better than listening to you tell me about your wildly successful son, maam. B. Undersea Awesomeness Underwater ROVs, those favourite toys of treasure seekers and James Cameron, operate from large cables that supplytheir power and allow them to receive signals from their pilots above. ROVs work great, except when the tether isnt long enough to explore an area, or when it gets stuck on something. If their wires were cut and replaced with light say from a submerged, high-powered lamp then they would be much freer to explore. They could also use their headlamps to communicate with each other, processing data autonomously and referring findings periodically back to the surface, all the while obtaining their next batch of orders. C. It Could Keep You Informed and Save Lives Say theres an earthquake in New York. Or a hurricane. Take your pick its a wacky city. The average New Yorker may not know what the protocols are for those kinds of disasters. Until they pass under a street light, that is. Remember, with Li-Fi, if theres light, youre online. Subway stations and tunnels, common dead zones for most emergency communications, pose no obstruction. Plus, in times less stressing cities could opt to provide cheap highspeed Web access to every street corner. D. In Medical For a long time, medical technology has lagged behind the rest of the wireless world. Operating rooms do not allow Wi-Fi over radiation concerns, and there is also that whole lack of dedicated spectrum[6]. While Wi-Fi is in place in many hospitals, interference from cell phones and computers can block signals from monitoring equipment. Li-Fi solves both problems: lights are not only allowed in operating rooms, but tend to be the most glaring (pun intended) fixtures in the room. And, as Haas mentions in his TED Talk, Li-Fi has 10,000 times the spectrum of Wi-Fi, so maybe we can, I dunno, delegate red light to priority medical data. Code Red. E. Uses Models Within a local Li-Fi cloud several databased services are supported through a heterogeneous communication sys-tem. In an initial approach, the Li-Fi Consortium defined different

types of technologies to provide secure, reliable and ultrahigh-speed wireless communication interfaces[5]. These technologies included giga-speed technologies, optical mobility technologies, and navigation, precision location and Gesture recognition technology. For giga-speed technologies, the Li-Fi Consortium defined GigaDock, GigaBeam, GigaShower, GigaSpot and GigaMIMO models to address different user scenarios for wireless indoor and indoor-like data transfers. While GigaDock is a wireless docking solution including wireless charging for smartphones tablets or notebooks, with speeds up to 10 Gbps, the GigaBeam model is a point-to-point data link for kiosk applications or portable-to-portable data exchanges. Thus a two-hour full HDTV movie (5 GB) can be transferred from one device to another with if our seconds.GigaShower[7] , GigaSpot and Giga-MIMO are the other models for in-house communication. There a transmitter or receiver is mounted into the ceiling connected to, for example, a media server. On the other side are portable or fixed devices on a desk in an office, in an operating room, in a production hall or at an airport. GigaShower provides unidirectional data services via several channels to multiple users with gigabit-class communication speed over several metres. This is like watching TV channels or listening to different radio stations where no uplink channel is needed. In case GigaShower is used to sell books, music or movies, the connected media server can be accessed via Wi-Fi to process payment via a mobile device. GigaSpot and GigaMIMO are optical wireless single- and multi-channel HotSpot solutions offering bidirectional gigabit-class communication in a room, hall or shopping mall for example.

GIGA DOC

GIGA BEAM

V. APPLICATION of LI-FI & ITS ADVANTAGES OVER Wi-Fi 1 High speed, as high as 500mbps or 30GB per minute 2. Li- Fi uses light rather than radio frequency signals, 3. VLC could be used safely in aircraft, 4. Integrated into medical devices and in hospitals as this technology does not deal with radio waves, so it can easily be used in such places where Bluetooth, infrared, Wi-Fi and internet are banned. In this way, it will be most helpful transferring medium for us. 5. Under water in sea Wi-Fi does not work at. 6. There are around 19 billion bulbs worldwide, they just need to be replaced with LED ones that transmit data. We reckon VLC is at a factor of ten, cheaper than WI-FI.

7. Security is another benefit, he points out, since light does not penetrate through walls. 8. In streets for traffic control. Cars have LED based headlights, LED based backlights, and Car can communicate each other and prevent accidents in the way that they exchange Information. Traffic light can communicate to the car and so on. 9. By implementing the Technology worldwide every street lamp would be a free access point. 10. Li-Fi may solve issues such as the shortage of radio frequency bandwidth. V. CONCLUSION The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further. If his technology can be put into practical use, every bulb can be used something like a Wi-Fi hotspot to transmit wireless data and we will proceed toward the cleaner, greener, safer and brighter future[10]. The concept of Li-Fi is currently attracting a great deal of interest, not least because it may offer a genuine and very efficient alternative to radio-based wireless. As a growing number of people and their many devices access wireless internet, the airwaves are becoming increasingly clogged, making it more and more difficult to get a reliable, high-speed signal. This may solve issues such as the shortage of radio-frequency bandwidth and also allow internet where traditional radio based wireless isnt allowed such as aircraft or hospitals. One of the shortcomings however is that it only work in direct line of sight. VI. REFERENCES.
1. Chung Ghui Lee, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Visible-light communication: Book Edited by Mutamed Khatib ISBN 978-953-307-183-1, Published: February 17, 2011 under CC BY-NC-SA 3.o license. Jyoti Rani, Prerna Chuhan, Ritika Tripathi, The future echnology In Wireless communication International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol.7 No.11 (2012) Research India Publications. Wada-M, Yenda-T, Fujii-T, and Tanimoto-M: 'R?ad-ta-ve~Icle communication using LED traffic light'. Proc. 2005 IEEE IntellIgent VehIcles Symposium Proceedings. Las Vegas, NV, USA. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Svst. Soc. 6 8 une 2005., pp. Liu, X., Makino, H., Kobayashi, S., and Maeda, Y.: 'Design of an Indoor Self-Positioning System for the Visually ImpairedSimulation with RFID and Bluetooth in a Visible Light Communication System', Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. 29th Annual International Conference ofthe IEEE, 2007, pp. 1655-1658 Komine-T, Haruyama-S, and Nakagawa-M: "Bidirectional visible-light communication using comer cube modulator'. Proc. Wireless and Optical Communication (WOC). Banff, Canada. lASTED. 24 July 2003. Grubor, J, Lee, S.C.J, Langer, K.-D., Koonen, T., and Walewski, J. W. "Wireless High-Speed Data Transmission with Phosphorescent White-Light LEOs'. Post deadline session at European Conference on Optical Communications. Bouchet, El Tabach, M., Wolf, M., O'Brien-Dc, Faulkner, G.-., Walewski, J, Randel, S., Franke, M., Langer, K.-D., Grubor, J., and KamalakIs, 'Hybrid Wireless Optics (HWO):Building the Next-Generation Home Network'. submitted to CSNDSP08, Graz Austria, August 2008

8. H. Elga, R. Mesleh, and H. Haas, "Indoor optical wireless 9. 10.

communication: Potential and state-of-the-art,"IEEE Communications Magazine, Sept. 2011. M.Kavehrad, "Sustainable energy-efficient wireless applications using light," Communications Magazine , IEEE, vol. 48, pp. 66-73, 2010. D. OBrien, H.Le Minh, L. Zeng, G. Faulkner, K. Lee, D. Jung, Y. J. Oh, and E.T. Won, Indoor visible light communications: Challenges and prospects, pp. 709106-1.

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