The Electronic Structure of an Atom

Chapter 2 (4)

Modern Atom Model

Nucleus } proton + neutron

Shell

An atom contains: Proton Neutron and Electron

Electron

The Solar System

Orbit

Planet

Sun

A planet moving around the sun. b) Solar system contains: The sun The planets
a)

What Is The Similarities and Differences?

Nucleus Sun Shell Orbit Electron Planet Difference: The orbit in solar system contain only 1 planet, but the shell may contain more than 1 electron.

Electron Arrangement
The

electron arrangement is:

How the electrons of an atom are located around the nucleus.

How Electrons Are Arranged?

Number of electron = Number of proton The first shell will be filled with electrons till the maximum numbers followed by the second shell, third shell, etc.

The standard representation for an atom

Nucleon number

A Z

Proton number

Symbol of elements

Example

24 12

Mg 12

How many electrons does a magnesium atom have?

Example

197

79

Au 79

How many electrons does a magnesium atom have?

Electronic Shells
Shell no 3

Shell no 2
Shell no 1

Electron Arrangement

40 18

Ar

An example: Argon 2.8.8

The first shell can be filled with maximum of 2 electrons. The second shell can be filled with maximum of 8 electrons. The third shell can be filled with maximum of 18 electrons, but for elements

1-20 the maximum electrons can be filled is 8 electrons.

The remains electron is filled in the fourth shell.

Electron arrangement
27 13

Al

Aluminum has 13 proton number. So, a neutral aluminum atom has 13 electrons to be filled in the shells.
An example: Aluminum 2.8.3

Electron Arrangement Exercise: 19

F 9

Fluorine has 9 proton number. So, a neutral fluorine atom has 9 electrons to be filled in the shells.

Fluorine 2.7

Electron Arrangement Exercise: 20 Ne

10
Neon has 10 proton number. So, a neutral neon atom has 10 electrons to be filled in the shells.

Neon 2.8

Electron Arrangement Exercise: 23

11

Na

Sodium has 11 proton number. So, a neutral sodium atom has 11 electrons to be filled in the shells.

Sodium 2.8.1

Electron Arrangement Exercise: 40

Ca 20

Calcium has 20 proton number.

So, a neutral calcium atom has 20 electrons to be filled in the shells. Calcium 2.8.8.2

Conclusion
The electron arrangement is how the electrons of an atom are located around the nucleus.

THANK YOU
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