Insurgency in Northeast India

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search Parts of this article (those related to lacks history that would justify the movement of hundreds of thousands of people. The article is not credible) are outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2012) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010) Insurgency in Northeast India

North East States

Date Location Result

1964-present Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya and Mizoram, Northeast India Conflict ongoing Belligerents

ULFA KLNLF NDFB ANLA UNLF PLA India Bangladesh Bhutan UPDS PREPAK NSCN NLFT ATTF ANVC HNLC HPC (until 1992) HPCD BNLF KYKL ZRF

Commanders and leaders

Arabinda Rajkhowa Paresh Baruah Anup Chetia Sabin Boro Kalalung Kamei Arambam General Bikram Singh Samerendra Angami Zapu Phizo Biswamohan Debbarma Men Sing Takbi alias Willingson Timung Pradip Terang alias Pongbi Dilli Ranjit Debbarma

Casualties and losses

Since 2005: 384 killed Since 2005: 2,850 killed

Since 2005: 1,941 civilians killed [1]

[show]

v t e

Internal conflicts in India

Various groups are involved in the Insurgency in Northeast India, India's north east states, which are connected to the rest of India by a narrow strip of land known as the Siliguri Corridor.In the region several armed factions operate. Some groups call for a separate state, others for regional autonomy while some extreme groups demand complete independence. Northeastern India consists of 7 states (also known as the seven sisters): Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and Nagaland. Tensions exist between these states and the central government as well as amongst the tribal people, who are natives of these states, and migrant peoples from other parts of India. The states have accused New Delhi of ignoring the issues concerning them.[citation needed] A feeling of second-class citizenship meted out to them by the rest of India has led the natives of these states to seek greater participation in self-governance. There are existing territorial disputes between Manipur and Nagaland, Nagaland and Assam, Meghalaya and Assam, and Mizoram and Assam, often based on historical border disputes and differing ethnic, tribal or cultural affinities.[citation needed] There has been a number of insurgent activities and regional movements in all parts of the northeast, often unique in character to each state. Military action by the armed and paramilitary forces and political action have led to the intensity of these insurgencies fluctuating and to the resolution of the insurgency in Mizoram.[citation needed] Regional tensions have eased off as of late, with Indian and state governments' concerted effort to raise the living standards of the people in these regions. However, militancy still exists within the region. At present insurgent activity is present in Assam, Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura.

Contents
[hide]

1 Assam o 1.1 ULFA o 1.2 NDFB o 1.3 KLNLF o 1.4 UPDS 2 Manipur o 2.1 Peoples Liberation Army o 2.2 UNLF o 2.3 PREPAK 3 Nagaland o 3.1 NSCN-IM o 3.2 NSCN-K 4 Tripura o 4.1 National Liberation Front of Tripura o 4.2 All Tripura Tiger Force 5 Meghalaya o 5.1 ANVC o 5.2 HNLC 6 Mizoram o 6.1 Hmar People's Convention-Democratic - HPC(D) o 6.2 BNLF 7 Human rights abuses 8 See also 9 Notes 10 External references

Assam [edit]
Main articles: Assamese nationalism, Bodo nationalism, and Assam conflict [hide]Organizations listed as terrorist groups by India
North-East India National Socialist Council of Nagaland-IsakMuivah (NSCN-IM) Naga National Council-Federal (NNCF) National Council of Nagaland-Khaplang United Liberation Front of Asom

People's Liberation Army (Manipur) Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL) Zomi Revolutionary Front Kashmir Al-Badr Al-Badr Mujahideen Al Barq (ABQ) Al Fateh Force (AFF) Al Jihad Force (AJF)/Al Jihad Al Mujahid Force (AMF) Al Umar Mujahideen (AUR/Al Umar) Awami Action Committee (AAC) Dukhtaran-e-Millat (DEM) Harakat-ul-Ansar Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami Harakat-ul-Mujahideen Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HUM) Ikhwan-ul-Musalmeen (IUM) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Lashkar-e-Mohammadi Jammat-ul-Mujahideen (JUM) Jammat-ul-Mujahideen Almi (JUMA) Jammu and Kashmir Democratic Freedom Party (JKDFP) Jammu and Kashmir Islamic Front (JKIF) Jammu and Kashmir Jamaat-e-Islami (JKJEI) Lashkar-e-Toiba (LET) Jaish-e-Mohammed Kul Jammat Hurriyat Conference (KJHC) Mahaz-e-Azadi (MEA) Muslim Janbaaz Force (MJF/Jaanbaz Force) Muslim Mujahideen (MM)

Hizbul Mujahideen Harkat-ul-Mujahideen Farzandan-e-Milat United Jihad Council Al-Qaeda Students Islamic Movement of India Tehreeke-Jihad (TEJ) Pasban-e-Islami (PEI/Hizbul Momineen HMM) Shora-e-Jihad (SEJ) Tehreek-ul-Mujahideen (TUM) North, Central and South India Babbar Khalsa Bhindranwala Tigers Force of Khalistan Communist Party of India (Maoist) Dashmesh Regiment International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) Kamagata Maru Dal of Khalistan] Khalistan Liberation Force Khalistan Commando Force Khalistan Liberation Army Khalistan Liberation Front Khalistan Liberation Organisation Khalistan National Army Khalistan Guerilla Force Khalistan Security Force Khalistan Zindabad Force LTTE Naxals Ranvir Sena v t e

Assam has been the hotbed of militancy for a number of years due to its porous borders with Bangladesh and Bhutan. The main causes of the friction include the anti-foreigner agitation in the 1980s and the simmering Assam-Bodo tensions. The insurgency status in Assam is classified as very active.The government of Bangladesh has arrested and extradited senior leaders of ULFA.

ULFA [edit]
The United Liberation Front of Assam was formed in April 1979 to establish a sovereign state of Assam through an armed struggle. In recent times the organisation has lost out its middle rung leaders after most of them were arrested.

NDFB [edit]
The National Democratic Front of Bodoland was formed in 1989 as the Bodo Security Force, aims to set up an autonomous region Bodoland.

KLNLF [edit]
The Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front is a militant group operating in Karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao districts of Assam that was formed on May 16, 2004. The outfit claims to fight for the cause of Karbi tribes and its declared objective is Hemprek Kangthim, meaning self-rule/selfdetermination of the Karbi people. It is closely linked with the ULFA (United Liberation Front of Asom)

UPDS [edit]
The United People's Democratic Solidarity was formed in March 1999 with the merger of two terrorist outfits in Assam's Karbi Anglong district, the Karbi National Volunteers (KNV) and Karbi Peoples Front (KPF).

Manipur [edit]
Insurgent groups in Manipur may be broadly classified into hill-based (mostly tribals) and valley based(mostly majority meiteis).While the former demand for tribal state to preserve their tribal cultures from outside influence,the latter based their demands for independence from historical perspective claiming that Manipur a princely state with its geographical area extending to as far as the Kabaw valley of modern Myanmar during the British colonialism,was never a part of India and continues to remain so.About 90% of the hill-based insurgents and a few of the valley-based insurgents have now entered what is called Suspension of Operation (SoO).

Peoples Liberation Army [edit]

The Peoples Liberation Army is a leftist organisation formed in 1978 with the aim of liberating Manipur from India.

UNLF [edit]
The United National Liberation Front was created in 1964 and demands an independent socialist state of Manipur.

PREPAK [edit]
People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak is an armed insurgent group in Manipur demanding a separate and independent homeland.

Nagaland [edit]
Main articles: Naga nationalism and Ethnic conflict in Nagaland Nagaland was created in 1963 as the 16th State of Indian Union, before which it was a district of Assam.[2] Insurgent groups classified as active, mainly demand full independence. The Naga National Council led by Phizo was the first group to dissent in 1947 and in 1956 they went underground.

NSCN-IM [edit]
The National Socialist Council of Nagaland was formed in 1980 to establish a Greater Nagaland, encompassing parts of Manipur, Nagaland, the north Cachar hills (Assam). The NSCN split in 1988 to form two groups namely NSCN(IM) & NSCN(K). As of now, both the groups are in ceasefire with the Indian government.Though sovereignty and independence was their ideology initially, of late the Indo-Naga talks seem to centre around Greater Nagaland which itself is being vehemently opposed by the states of Assam,Manipur,Arunachal Pradesh etc. solely for the reason that it is nothing sort of encroachment on their territories which continues to forment suspicion and ill-will in the North-east India. However, they continue to be actively involved in illegal activities including extortion, kidnapping, inter-factional clashes, bootlegging and recruitment besides imposing various tax/duties to all types of commercial enterprises and establishments. In spite of the name, the Council's ideology is Maoist rather than Hitlerite.

NSCN-K [edit]
The National Socialist Council of NagalandKhaplang is the second faction with the same aim of a Greater Nagaland and was formed in 1988.

Tripura [edit]
Main articles: Tripuri nationalism and Tripura rebellion The insurgent groups in Tripura were emerged in the end of the 1970s, as ethnic tensions between the Bengali immigrants and the tribal native population who were outnumbered by the former hailing from other parts of India and nearby Bangladesh which resulted in their being

reduced to minority status even threatening them economically,socially, culturally which thus resulted in a clarion call of safeguarding tribal rights and cultures.Such being the extent of desperation naturally resulted in hatred and suspicion and as such their status is classified as very active.

National Liberation Front of Tripura [edit]

The National Liberation Front of Tripura was formed in March 1989.

All Tripura Tiger Force [edit]

The All Tripura Tiger Force was formed by the local aboriginal tribals in 1990, who were gradually outnumbered both directly and indirectly even at the cost of being threatened for their survival economically and culturally not to speak of their being reduced to minority populationwise, with the sole aim of the expulsion of all Bengali speaking immigrants from the rest of India and nearby Bangladesh.

Meghalaya [edit]
Problems in Meghalaya arise from the divide between tribals and non tribal settlers, identity issues and growing corruption besides the fear of being reduced to minority by native tribals. The activity status is classified as active.

ANVC [edit]
The Achik National Volunteer Council was formed in 1995 with the intentions of forming an Achik Land in the Garo Hills. As of 2010, a Suspension of Operations Agreement (SoO) between the Government and ANVC has been in force since 23 July 2004.[3]

HNLC [edit]
The Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council, formed in 1992, aims to free the state from the alleged Garo and non-tribal Indian domination.

Mizoram [edit]
See also: March 1966 Mizo National Front uprising Mizoram's tensions are largely due to the simmering Assamese domination and the neglect of the Mizo people. In 1986, the Mizo accord ended the main secessionist movement led by the Mizo National Front, bringing peace to the region. Insurgency status is classified as partially active, due to secessionist/autonomy demands by the Hmars, chakmas, Brus, Pawis, Lais and the Reangs.

Hmar People's Convention-Democratic - HPC(D) [edit]

The Hmar People's Convention-Democracy is an armed insurgency group formed in 1995 to create an independent Hmar State in North East India. It is the offspring of the Hmar People's Convention (HPC), which entered into agreement with the Government of Mizoram in 1994 resulting in the formation of Sinlung Hills Development Council (SHDC) in North Mizoram. Their recruited cadres are from the States where the Hmar people are spread - Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and Meghaaya. The HPC(D) is demanding a separate administrative unit under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India.

BNLF [edit]
The Bru National Liberation Front was formed in 1997 to protect the rights and dignity of the Reangs. The BNLF have surrendered with 757 of their comrades to the Mizoram Government on 21 October 2006.

Human rights abuses [edit]

Main articles: Human rights abuses in Assam, Human rights abuses in Manipur, and Rape in Northeast India

See also [edit]

Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Naxalite Terrorism in India Human rights in India List of terrorist organisations in India Literature from North East India Journal of North East India Studies

Notes [edit]
1. ^ http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/database/fatalitiesnorteast2006.htm 2. ^ http.//.www.indianetzone.com/3/nagaland 3. ^ SoO Agreement with ANVC Extended by 9 Months. Ministry of Home Affairs. 3 January 2010.

External references [edit]

Mansi Mehrotra Bodo Uprising Sinlung [1]

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Northeast_India&oldid=552298350" Categories:

20th-century conflicts 21st-century conflicts Conflicts in 2013 Independent India Secession in India Wars involving India Northeast India Insurgencies currently ongoing

Hidden categories:

Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2012 All Wikipedia articles in need of updating Articles needing additional references from February 2010 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010 All articles containing potentially dated statements

Navigation menu
Personal tools

Create account Log in

Namespaces

Article Talk

Variants Views

Read Edit View history

Actions Search
Special:Search

Navigation

Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia

Interaction

Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia

Toolbox

What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page

Print/export

Create a book Download as PDF Printable version

Languages

Deutsch Espaol Portugus Simple English Edit links This page was last modified on 26 April 2013 at 16:54. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit oPrivacy policy