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DATE
REV.
Citgo Petroleum Corporation 135th Street & New Avenue Lemont, IL 60439
ISSUED:
CHECK:
Installation notes: 1. Orifice dia. As specified to suit required conditions. 2. Gaskets furnished by vendor.
MATERIAL: Monel
REV. QTY. TAG. NO. PIPE SIZE (IN.) SCH. ORIFICE (IN.) FLOW QUANTITY (SCFH) UPSTREAM PRESSURE (PSIG) 60 DP (PSI) M S W G a TEMP. (F) FLANGE RATING ITEM SERVICE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20FO-057
###
80
0.084
250
57
17.00
100
300
1. The actual flow of 20FO-057 is about 110 SCFH for a bore diameter of 0.084.
1 of 24
No. DATE
Citgo Petroleum Corporation 135th Street & New Avenue Lemont, IL 60439
ISSUED:
CHECK:
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
MATERIAL: 316SS
ITEM REV. QTY. TAG. NO.
Installation notes: 1. Unless otherwise specified, the only markings on the orifice tab shall be the orfice diameter indicated by a decimal fraction as shown on the drawing with 1/16-in. figure stamping hand dies. 2. Where lines are to be insulated, the insulated material covering the union shall be applied in such a manner that the markings on the tab will be fully exposed. 3. No asbestos-bearing material is acceptable; vendor to provide TFE gaskets.
UPSTREAM PRESSURE (PSIG) 60
SCH.
ORIFICE (IN.)
DP (PSI)
M S W G a 0.586
TEMP. (F)
FLANGE RATING
SERVICE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20FO-184
1-1/2 80
0.285
57
100
3000
2 of 24
No. DATE
Citgo Petroleum Corporation 135th Street & New Avenue Lemont, IL 60439
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
ISSUED:
CHECK:
Installation notes: 1. Orifice dia. As specified to suit required conditions. 2. Gaskets furnished by vendor.
MATERIAL: 316SS
REV. QTY. TAG. NO. PIPE SIZE (IN.) SCH. ORIFICE (IN.) FLOW QUANTITY (SCFH) UPSTREAM PRESSURE (PSIG) 60 DP (PSI) M S W G 55 a TEMP. (F) FLANGE RATING ITEM SERVICE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20FO-175
###
80
0.135
17.00
100
150
3 of 24
No. DATE
Citgo Petroleum Corporation 135th Street & New Avenue Lemont, IL 60439
ISSUED:
CHECK:
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
MATERIAL: 316SS
ITEM REV. QTY. TAG. NO.
Installation notes: 1. Unless otherwise specified, the only markings on the orifice tab shall be the orfice diameter indicated by a decimal fraction as shown on the drawing with 1/16-in. figure stamping hand dies. 2. Where lines are to be insulated, the insulated material covering the union shall be applied in such a manner that the markings on the tab will be fully exposed. 3. No asbestos-bearing material is acceptable; vendor to provide TFE gaskets.
UPSTREAM PRESSURE (PSIG)
SCH.
ORIFICE (IN.)
DP (PSI)
M S W G a
TEMP. (F)
FLANGE RATING
SERVICE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
###
80
100
4 of 24
Underline is value actually used: Green in grey is a look-up value: 0.603 tp = 2.50 0.607 White in black is a final answer: D2 = 0.106 in. Important reference information about a cell is in violet: From Fluor table Cell for iteration with goal seek: [1st Cell] 4.87 Target (To) cell for goal seek: [2nd Cell] 4.93 Changing cell for goal seek: [3rd Cell] 0.084
No. DATE
Citgo Petroleum Corporation 135th Street & New Avenue Lemont, IL 60439
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION
ISSUED:
CHECK:
Installation notes: 1. Orifice dia. As specified to suit required conditions. 2. Gaskets furnished by vendor.
MATERIAL: 316SS
REV. QTY. TAG. NO. PIPE SIZE (IN.) SCH. ORIFICE (IN.) FLOW QUANTITY (SCFH) UPSTREAM PRESSURE (PSIG) DP (PSI) M S W G a TEMP. (F) FLANGE RATING ITEM SERVICE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
###
80
100
7 of 24
No. DATE
REV.
Citgo Petroleum Corporation 135th Street & New Avenue Lemont, IL 60439
ISSUED:
CHECK:
Installation notes: 1. Orifice dia. As specified to suit required conditions. 2. Gaskets furnished by vendor.
MATERIAL: Monel
REV. QTY. TAG. NO. PIPE SIZE (IN.) SCH. ORIFICE (IN.) FLOW QUANTITY (SCFH) UPSTREAM PRESSURE (PSIG) DP (PSI) M S W G a TEMP. (F) FLANGE RATING ITEM SERVICE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
###
80
100
8 of 24
Caution: this sheet calculates properties based on yellow-highlighted cells. The viscosities will change and pressure and temperature, however, the NIST values for pure components will change so if T or P change NIST. Gas Properties Vc, cm3/molProperties using coresponding states y Tc, K Pc, atm 1 Zc w Hydrogen 0 33.20 12.80 65.00 0.31 -0.22 Methane 0.94 190.60 45.40 99.00 0.29 0.01 Ethane 0.05 305.40 48.17 148.00 0.29 0.10 Propane 0.01 369.80 41.95 203.00 0.28 0.15 Propylene 0 365.00 45.60 181.00 0.28 0.15 Butane Average, Mixture: 1.0000 198.13 45.65 102.49 0.29 0.01 k=
8.21E+01 100 311 90 Use initial (1) properties. From VISC Sheet - manual entry-- use NIST website for 0.01151 individual m , then use Wilke's method in spreadsheet to calculate mixture m . m, cP @ 78 psig m, cP @ 90 psig 100 120 100 120 0.011661 0.012008 0.011659 0.012006 0.00986 0.010179 0.009882 0.010201 0.00853 0.008836 0.008547 0.008853 0.009013 0.009347 0.009039 0.009372 0.009254 0.012779
scosities will change and are a function of ange so if T or P change update with Cpo, cal/gmolK 6.91 8.66 12.98 18.30 15.78 8.98 1.28
Rough method provided originally in an article in Chemical Engineering magazine tb/bore diameter = 0.93 P2/P1 = 0.05 Thin plate, no choked flow. Calculation not applicable: refer to Kirk-Cunningham method.
D1:
7 X 8
1/5 X (tp/0.125)
Method assumes, implicitly, that gas is ideal gas mixture or perfect gas. Flow through a thin plate is never choked flow. For this to apply, the ratio of tb/bore diameter must be < 6. (Reference: pg. 13.22, Richard Miller's "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook," 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1996. Page 13-22 refers to the work of Cunningham (1951) and Ward-Smith (1979). Kirk-Cunningham applies when P2<0.63P1. Cunningham showed that choked flow (critical, i.e., M =1 @ throat) does not occur for thin orifice plates.
D, inches; Qg, gas flow in SCFH (60 F, 1 atm); DP, P1, P2, psia; Sg = Mg/Mair T1, R; tp, plate thickness. Qg: DP = P1: P2: Mw: Sg = T: Plate Rate tp = Z: D1, nom: 250 57.00 60 3 17 0.59 100 300 2.50 1.00 2.00 SCFH @ 60 F, 1 atm psig psi Complete Property Sheet Tr = 2.51 from sheet Pr = 0.11
Using initial properties @ P1, T1
manual allowed deg. F k = 1.28 300, 600# ANSI mm From Fluor table 0.98 Calculated using virial equations in. Sch.: 80 0.749 0.433 0.135 -0.014 psig Test: OK Saturated Area Pr/Tr = 0.044 Abbott Equations are acceptable Z = 1.00
D2 =
0.106 in.
Beta =
0.055
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Lemont, Illinois
204569257.xls.ms_office/RO1
tb/db = 7.41 Thick plate method applies: choked flow. Min. Pressure is: 40.98 Choked Flow: eq. 4-40, pg. 100, Daniel Crowl, Joseph Louvar, "Chemical Process Safety Fundamentals with Applications, Prentice-Hall, 1990. P1:
W Co P1 k gc M RT1 X
2 k+1 4-40 Crowl & Louvar assume a thick orifice plate, or flow nozzle, not a thin plate.
A =
(k+1)/(k-1)
Also found in Perry's 6th edition of "Chemical Engineering Handbook," pg. 5-14, equation 5.27. Assumes Beta < 0.2. (Ideal gas also assumed and implicite in solution using isentropic expansion).
A: throat cross-sectional area, sq. ft; W: #/s; Co = 0.72; P1: inlet pressure, psf; gc = 32.174 T1: inlet temperature, F; R = 1545.3 ft-#f/#mole-R. This sheet is most useful in estimating flow from nozzles and holes in vessels or Qg: W= r= D1: P1: Mw: T: A= D= Beta = tp = 250 11.22 0.04 1.939 60 17.02 100 0.004 0.067 0.0348 0.50 SCFH @ 60 F, 1 atm PPH lbs./cf in. psig Property Sheet Pcf = 40.98 deg. F sq. in. in. in. Complete Property Sheet Tr = 2.51 Pr = 0.11 Sat. Curve Test: Hot Gas Test: Test: B1 = B0 = Pr/Tr = psig Choked Flow St. T = Co: 60 14.696 0.72 F psia Crowl/Louvar recommends 1.0 for Co with sharp-edged orifices with Re 1 >30,000; seldom does this occur. Property Sheet
Using initial properties @ P1, T1 0.749 0.433 OK 0.135 -0.014 0.044 Below: use charts Saturated Area Abbott Equations are acceptable
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Lemont, Illinois
204569257.xls.ms_office/RO2
Z = 1.00
13 of 24
Lemont, Illinois
204569257.xls.ms_office/RO2
1/16/2014
DP (Required ) AT REQUIRED MAX. FLOW RATE = CALCULATED MAXIMUM FLOW RATE (At URV) = PERMANENT PRESSURE LOSS AT MAX. RATE (At URV) = ORIFICE INLET MAX. CALC. REYNOLDS NUMBER = NOMINAL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE NOMINAL FLOW RATE MINIMUM DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE MINIMUM (Practical) FLOW RATE = = = = =
Standard None 40 10,000 131,510 29.78 11,589 152,400 1.35 37.53 1,050,626 7.45 5,000 65,750 0.30 1,000 13,150 10,000
Pipe Diameter?
0.895
Orifice Re? Re--tubulent--O.K. Safe Min. Rate? Min.---O.K. Mach No. OK? Gas Orifice velocity is O.K. Change in Physical Properties? Change in properties --O.K
MINIMUM ORIFICE INLET REYNOLDS NUMBER FLUID: INITIAL GAS TEMPERATURE INITIAL GAS PRESSURE GAS SPECIFIC HEAT RATIO, k, GAS VISCOSITY @ FLOW CONDITIONS BASE TEMPERATURE BASE PRESSURE BASE COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR, Z, NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETER, INCHES PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, INCHES = = = = = = = = =
70 F 30 psig 1.000 1.39817842 0.01634555 cP 60 F 14.696 psig 1.000 24" CS Pipe 23.5 Inches 4.262225274 Inches 0.1814 SS 0.0000097 1/F 0.0000089 1/F -0.94% -4.9 0.126
FLANGE ORIFICE DIAMETER, do, INCHES , = ORIFICE BETA PLATE MATERIAL PLATE BASE THERMAL EXPANSION PLATE THERMAL EXPANSION CHANGE IN GAS DENSITY OVER PLATE CHANGE IN GAS TEMPERATURE = = = = = =
D. Willard
204569257.xls.ms_office
Thin plate orifice All flow conditions tb/bore diameter = 0.67 Thin plate, no choked flow.
ASME calculation not practical --- P2/P1 too low ---Kirk-Cunningham method.
D1:
Flow through a thin plate is never choked flow. For this to apply, the ratio of tb/bore diameter must be < 6. (Reference: pg. 13.22, Richard Miller's "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook," 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1996. Page 13-22 refers to the work of Cunningham (1951) and Ward-Smith (1979). In 2005, Kirk explored the limits of Cunningham's work. He found that ASME formulas worked fine with adjustment of Y; C could be defined using ASME and other methods. Kirk-Cunningham applies when P2<0.63P1. Cunningham showed that choked flow (critical, i.e., M =1 @ throat) does not occur for thin orifice plates.
W: lbs./hr; Y: dimensionless; C: 1/ft; do: inches; DP: psi; r: #mass/cf Standard Conditions: P, psia = 14.696 T, F = 60 Complete Property Sheet Qg: 86 r, #/cf = 0.06 DP = 59.00 P1: 60 P2: 1 Mw: 24 r, #/cf = 0.01 T: 120 Plate Rate 300 tp = 1.50 Z: D1, nom: 0.75 mg, cP= 0.01151 DPp = 56 SCFH
@ 14.696 psia & 1 atm.
Flange taps Y= 0.72 Kirk-Cunningham k= 1.28 C, ft-1 = 0.607 0.607 0.607 ASME, Crane 410 Cunningham manual allowed
Tr = 1.43 Pr = 0.11
Using initial properties @ P1, T1
from sheet
psig psi
manual allowed deg. F 300, 600# ANSI mm From Fluor table 0.99 manual allowed in. manual allowed psig PPH PPH psig Wcalc = 5.47 PPH
Sat. Curve Test: 0.749 Test: Hot Gas Test: 0.433 OK Pr/Tr = 0.078 Saturated B1 = 0.100 Area B0 = -0.156 Abbott Equations are acceptable Z = 0.99
Sch.: Re1 =
160 4,874
Do =
15 of 24
Lemont, Illinois
204569257.xls.ms_office/RO3
Thin plate orifice All flow conditions tb/bore diameter = Thin plate, no choked flow.
ASME calculation not practical --- P2/P1 too low ---Kirk-Cunningham method.
P1: D1:
W =
Dh Pf1
Adapted from equation 9.68, "The AGA equation," in Richard Miller's Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook, 3rd ed., McGraw Hill , CR 1996 (This equation was adapted originally from equation 2-24, Crane TP 410.)
Flow through a thin plate is never choked flow. For this to apply, the ratio of tb/bore diameter must be < 6. (Reference: pg. 13.22, Richard Miller's "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook," 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1996. Page 13 refers to the work of Cunningham (1951) and Ward-Smith (1979). In 2005, Kirk explored the limits of Cunningham's work. He found that ASME formulas worked fine with adjustment of Y; C could be defined using ASME and other methods. Kirk-Cunningham applies when P2<0.63P1. Cunningham showed that choked flow (critical, i.e., M =1 @ throat) does not occur for thin orifice plates.
Complete Property Sheet W: lbs./hr; Y: dimensionless; C: 1/ft; do: inches; DP: psi; r: #mass/cf Standard Conditions: P, psia = 14.696 T, F = 60
Choose Cunningham ( 1 ),Miller ( 2 ), or Fluor ( 3 ) for Y1:
For (b): 1
Cunningham
Estimated Compressibility Factor (Z) for Base and Inlet Conditions Trb = 1.46 Sat. Curve Test: 0.714 Test: Prb = 0.04 Zb = 0.980 0.980 Hot Gas Test: 0.400 OK Pr/Tr = 0.030 Saturated Area B1 = 0.104 B0 = -0.148 Abbott Equations are acceptable Zf = 0.980 Sat. Curve Test= 0.772 Hot Gas Test= 0.455 Test: OK
SCFH
Cunningham recommended
OK
psig psi
C, ft-1 =
For (1):
manual allowed deg. F 300, 600# ANSI mm From Fluor table manual allowed in. manual allowed psig PPH PPH psig Wcalc = Qcalc = 11.31 247 PPH SCFH Do = Problem solved with goal seek 0.054 in.
T: 100 Plate Rate 300 tp = 2.50 Z1: 0.991 D1, nom: 2.00 mg, cP= 0.01151 DPp = 86
Sch.: Re1 =
80 3,233
Pr/Tr = 0.100 Saturated Area B1 = 0.113 B0 = -0.122 Abbott Equations are acceptable Zf = 0.991
Beta =
0.028
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Lemont, Illinois
204569257.xls.ms_office/R04
Thin plate orifice All flow conditions 1.82 Thin plate, no choked flow.
ASME calculation not practical --- P2/P1 too low ---Kirk-Cunningham method.
Flow through a thin plate is never choked flow. For this to apply, the ratio of tb/bore diameter must be < 6. (Reference: pg. 13.22, Richard Miller's "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook," 3rd ed., McGraw Hill, 1996. Page 13 -22 Smith (1979). In 2005, Kirk explored the limits of Cunningham's work. He found that ASME formulas worked fine with adjustment of Y; C could be defined using ASME and other
. Cunningham showed that choked flow (critical, i.e., M =1 @ throat) does
Saturated Area
17 of 24
Lemont, Illinois
204569257.xls.ms_office/R04
VISC
GAS
This sheet talks with the Properties Sheet. Enter values in "Yellow." Temperature 38
MIXTURE
VISCOSITY
100 F
Program assumes that gases are perfect and form an ideal vapor solution. Program will deviate slightly for high pressure (>150 psig & presence of wet gas. Wilke method shows some deviations where molecular weights are significantly different, i.e., Mi>>Mj.
Wilke Gas Mixture Viscosity Calculation for Ideal Gases or Real Gases @ Low-Moderate Pressures hi F i1 F i2 F i3 F i4 F i5 F i6 F i7 M
Component
Hydrogen Methane Ethane Propane Propylene Gas 6 Gas 7 Gas 8 Gas 9 Gas 10
yi 0.00 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00
Man Manual hi
F i8
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F i9
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F i10
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Sum F ij 0.000 1.033 0.689 0.524 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 mm =
Sum yihi 0.000 0.011 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
0.009189 0.011672 0.009882 0.008547 0.009039 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.506 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 1.000 0.665 0.506 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 1.473 1.000 0.766 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 1.899 1.300 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total
0.0115
Gas AlCl2 AlCl3 Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Chlorine Hydrogen Sulfide Nitrogen Oxygen HCl Sulfur Dioxide TiCl4 Water
m = a + b(T) + c(T) +d(T) a b -0.0006 0.00187 0.00628 0.00215 ####### 0.00344 0.00624 0.00177 ####### 0.0071 -0.001
c -7.11E-10 -1.27E-09 -1.70E-09 2.33E-09 -3.40E-10 7.15E-09 -2.71E-09 3.95E-09 -1.44E-09 1.16E-08 -3.84E-09
1.365E-05 2.39E-05 2.16E-05 2.014E-05 2.40E-05 4.28E-05 2.59E-05 2.26E-05 2.12E-05 0.000073 1.97E-05
Mwt. 97.89 133.34 44.009 28.01 70.9 33.068 28.013 31.998 36.461 64.058 189.69 18.015
Cp = a + b(T) + c(T) + d(T) + e(T) + f(T) a b c d e f 9.04015 8.68E-03 ####### 1.72E-09 ####### 0 12.25740 2.40E-02 ####### 4.81E-08 ####### 5.57E-15 6.21415 5.12E-03 ####### 0 0 0 6.42043 8.88E-04 ####### 0 0 0 6.02127 6.56E-03 ####### 3.01E-09 0.00000 0 6.66150 2.85E-03 ####### 0 0 0 6.89500 7.62E-04 ####### 0 0 0 6.44284 1.25E-03 ####### 0 0 0 6.51457 ####### 0 0 0 0 7.11595 5.93E-03 1.08E-06 0 0 0 13.31361 2.92E-02 ####### 1.32E-08 ####### 2.62E-16 7.08976 1.55E-03 0 0 0 0 Cp = a + b(T) + c(T)2 + d(T)3 + e(T)4 + f(T)5 a b c d e #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
Information Alligned for MBAL & VISC for auto entries. a(m) b (m) c (m) MAT-MATRIX #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
Mwt #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
f #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
D. Willard 1/16/2014
Plant I
RELSIZE.XLS(VISC)
T1 = 100oF, DP = 87 psig, P1 = 90 psig, Using Cunningham calculation for Y1, as yielding the highest Q. The pressure drop is not "hw;" the drop is the permanent pressure loss.
0.020 0.010 0.000 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 W = Q(PM/RT) = QM/408.67 PPH: pounds per hour Q = W(408.66/M)
k=1.3; M = 17 k = 1.4; M = 2
3,000
3,500
T1 = 100oF, DP = 87 psig, P1 = 90 psig, Using Cunningham ko 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Q, SCFH 50 250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 50 250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 50 250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 b, 2" 0.0144 0.0322 0.0455 0.0643 0.0788 0.0910 0.1114 0.1298 0.1451 0.0126 0.0281 0.0397 0.0561 0.0688 0.0794 0.0973 0.1317 0.1472 0.0072 0.0163 0.0230 0.0325 0.0398 0.0460 0.0563 0.0660 0.0737 b, 1" 0.0144 0.0322 0.0455 0.0643 0.0788 0.0910 0.1114 0.1298 0.1451 0.0126 0.0281 0.0397 0.0561 0.0688 0.0794 0.0973 0.1317 0.1472 0.0072 0.0163 0.0230 0.0325 0.0398 0.0460 0.0563 0.0660 0.0737 M 30
17 0.0279