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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCvXlZL0r04
Mayo Clinic applying Human Factors principles developed for Aeronautics:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xR78dXTYy9c&NR=1
Human Factors
The goal of Human Factors is making the human interaction with systems one that: Enhances performance Increases safety Increases user satisfaction Human factors involve the study of factors and development of tools that facilitate the achievement of these goals.
Human Factors
Human Factors is the systematic application of relevant information about human capabilities, limitations, characteristics, behavior, and motivation to the design of things and procedures people use and the environments in which they use them. (Sanders & McCormick, 1993)
Human Factors
Human Factors also involves the evaluation of the things we design to ensure that they satisfy their intended objectives. (Sanders & McCormick, 1993)
Human Factors
According to Alphonse Chapanis, Human Factors discovers and applies information about human behavior, abilities, limitations, and other characteristics to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for productive, safe, comfortable, and effective human use. (Sanders & McCormick, 1993)
Human Factors
Human Factors focuses on human beings and their interaction with products, equipment, facilities, procedures, and environments used in work and in everyday living. The emphasis is on human beings and how the design of things influence people. (Sanders & McCormick, 1993)
Human Factors
Human Factors seeks to change the things people use and the environments in which they use these things to better match the capabilities, limitations, and needs of people. (Sanders & McCormick, 1993)
From: Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell Groover.
Ergonomics
An applied scientific discipline concerned with how humans interact with the tools and equipment they use while performing tasks and other activities Derived from the Greek words ergon, meaning work, and nomos, meaning laws The word ergonomics was coined by British scientist K. F. H. Murrell and entered the English language in 1949
Human Factors
Human factors is synonymous with ergonomics Ergonomics emphasizes work physiology and anthropometry Europe industrial work systems Human factors emphasizes experimental psychology and systems engineering U.S. military work systems
Associations
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society https://www.hfes.org Institute of Ergonomics & Human Factors http://www.ergonomics.org.uk
1930 Total U.S. Population Life expectancy Median age Number of people age 65 and over Proportion of women in the labor force a Source: U.S. Census Bureau 123 million 60 years 27 years 7 million 24%
From: Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell Groover.
Human-Machine Interactions
From: Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work by Mikell Groover.
Human-Machine Systems
Basic model in ergonomics Defined as a combination of humans and equipment interacting to achieve some desired result Types of human-machine systems: 1. Manual systems 2. Mechanical systems 3. Automated systems
System Components
The human The equipment The environment
Human Components
Human senses - to sense the operation Vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell Human brain - for information processing Thinking, planning, calculating, making decisions, solving problems Human effectors - to take action Fingers, hands, feet, and voice
Machine Components
The process function or operation performed by human-machine system Displays - to observe the process Direct observation for simple processes Artificial displays for complex processes Controls - to actuate and regulate the process Steering wheel, computer keyboard
Environmental Components
Physical environment Location and surrounding lighting, noise, temperature, and humidity Social environment Co-workers and colleagues at work Immediate supervisors Organizational culture Pace of work
Human-Machine System
Human-Machine Systems
Physical Ergonomics
How the human body functions during physical exertion Physiology vital processes carried out by living organisms and how their constituent tissues and cells function How physical dimensions of the body affect capabilities of worker Anthropometry physical dimensions of the human body
Cognitive Ergonomics
Concerned with the capabilities of the human brain and sensory system while performing information processing activities Human cognitive processes include: Sensing and perception Use of memory Response selection and execution
From: An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering by Christopher Wickens, John Lee, Yili Liu, and Sallie Gordon Becker
Ergonomics
Ergonomics is the application of scientific principles, methods, and data drawn from a variety of disciplines to the development of engineering systems in which people play a significant role. (Kroemer, Kroemer, & Kroemer-Elbert, 2001)
Ergonomics
Among the basic disciplines are psychology, cognitive science, physiology, biomechanics, applied physical anthropometry, and industrial systems engineering. The engineering systems to be developed range from the use of a simple tools by a consumer to a multiperson, sociotechnical system. (Kroemer, Kroemer, & Kroemer-Elbert, 2001)
Ergonomics
From: Ergonomics How to design for Ease and Efficiency by Kroemer, Kroemer, and Kroemer-Elbert.
From: An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering by Christopher Wickens, John Lee, Yili Liu, and Sallie Gordon Becker
Human Factors
Human Factors Basics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VIYlxTowq8
Human Factors Spectacles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaSm5JlU9cU
Final Note on Human Factors: UC Human Factors VPP Lab http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIoToBCSOfM
References
Freivalds, A. and Niebel, B. (2009) Niebels Methods, Standards, and Work Design. Twelfth Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Groover, M. (2007) Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work. Pearson Prentice Hall. Kroemer, K., Kroemer, H. and Kroemer-Elbert, K. (2001) Ergonomics How to design for Ease and Efficiency. Second Edition. Prentice Hall. Sanders, M. and McCormick, E. (1993) Human Factors in Engineering and Design. Seventh Edition. McGraw-Hill. Wickens, C., Lee, J., Liu, Y. and Gordon Becker S. (2004) An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering. Second Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall.