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5. What frequencies are tested in pure tone air conduction audiometry?

[octave frequencies of 250 to 8000 Hz]


6. What frequencies are tested in pure tone bone conduction audiometry

[octave frequencies of 250 to 4000 Hz]


What frequencies are tested in extended high frequency audiometry?

[9000 - 20000 Hz]


What are some reasons for performing extended high frequency audiometry? Aging, Ototoxic monitoring, Monitoring noise exposure, Monitoring hearing loss from surgery] It is recommended that you test inter-octave frequencies when there is how much difference in threshold between octave frequencies?

When might you use a pulsed tone for pure tone audiometry?

[20 dB]

If you use a pulsed tone, how long must the tone be on for each presentation and why? [At least 200 ms, because threshold increases as duration decreases] When might you do air conduction testing (standard audiometric frequencies) with loudspeakers (i.e., in soundfield) instead of headphones? How do you have to modify tones presented in soundfield? What is the limitation on conclusions you can draw about hearing if you test in soundfield? [draining ears, children who won't tolerate headphones; warbled; does not provide individual ear information - only tests the better ear] What are the two types of transducers used for air conduction testing of standard audiometric frequencies? [Supraaural headphones [TDH 49/50] and insert earphones [ER-3A]]

[people with tinnitus]

What are the benefits of insert earphones?


[greater interaural attenuation; greater ambient noise attenuation; avoid collapsed ear canals] How do you define threshold (use the rule we talked about in class, not the one given in the book)? [lowest level at which you get 2 out of 3 responses on ascending trials]

What is the required aspect ratio for an audiogram?

[20 dB = 1 octave]
What's on the X axis and Y axis of an audiogram (be specific about the units)?

[Frequency in Hertz, Level in dB HL] Formula for normal hearing AC WNL + BC WNL + (<=10 dB ABG) = normal hearing

Formula for SNHL


AC HL + BC HL + (<= 10 dB ABG) = SNHL What are vibrotactile thresholds?
[As level increases, at some point the patient will feel the vibration rather than hear it ]

What is the occlusion effect?


[Occlude ear canal -> low-frequency enhancement of BC signals]

What are the three mechanisms of bone conduction? [Distortional; osseotympanic; inertial]

True or false: You can determine the type of hearing loss and the amount of a conductive component, if it exists, using air conduction thresholds alone.

[False - you need to compare AC and BC]


Why is the maximum output of a bone conduction vibrator lower than air conduction transducers? takes more energy to drive the vibrator in order to shake the skull, which reduces the dynamic range; produces harmonic distortion at the higher levels; vibrotactile thresholds] What is the calibration standard for audiometers/transducers?

[ANSI S3.6]
What is the calibration standard for room noise levels?

[ANSI S3.1]
A false _________ response occurs when the patient does not indicate s/he heard the tone when it actually was heard, whereas a false _______ response occurs when the patient responds but no sound was presented.

[negative; positive]
What is the general purpose for tuning fork tests? [To differentiate between CHL and SNHL]

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