Why Australia

Why Australia
Benchmark Report Update

June 2013
A strong, diverse and growing
economy. A place where new ideas
are embraced. Australia ofers
opportunities for growth.
Australias strong economic growth, highly skilled
workforce and proven track record in world-class
innovation add up to more opportunities.
Australia has achieved 22 consecutive years of
economic growth and since 2008 has consistently
ranked in the worlds top fve most resilient
economies.
Rated triple A by all three global rating agencies,
Australias real GDP growth is expected to
outperform that of every other major advanced
economy until 2018. Australias strength in mining
and resources is well known, but its economy
is predominantly services based, with a highly
educated, multilingual workforce and an advanced
innovation framework.
Strategically located in the fast-growing Asia-
Pacifc region, with strong trade links to global
markets and one of the worlds most transparent
and well-regulated business environments,
Australia is a country in which it makes good
sense to do business.
www.austrade.gov.au/invest
Australia
ofers opportunities
and growth
GROWTH
Worlds 20 Largest Economies 2
Australias Real GDP by Expenditure Growth and Share 3
Real GDP Growth by Economic Grouping 4
Asian Economic Growth 5
Australias Real Gross Value Added by Industry 6
Australias Real Gross Value Added Growth by Industry 7
Engineering Construction Activity in Australia 8
Australias Real Gross Value Added of Major 9
Infrastructure Industries
Australias Mining and Agribusiness Production 10
World Ranking
General Government Net Debt 11
SECTION 1
Growth
Australias economic resilience and strong growth
create opportunities in a safe, low-risk environment.
Building on 22 years of expansion, Australias real GDP
growth is predicted to outperform that of every major
advanced economy to 2018.
Australia is rated triple A by all three global rating
agencies and enjoys levels of public debt that are
among the lowest in the OECD. It has been the only
country to consistently rank in the worlds top fve
most resilient economies since 2008, and is in a
unique position to beneft from and contribute to
growth generated by the rise of Asia.
The countrys economy is much more than mining
and resources, with almost 80 per cent of economic
output generated by service sectors.
Section 1 Growth > 2
Australias population of 23 million is less than 0.5 per cent of the global total. By contrast, in 2013 Australia holds its place as the worlds
12th largest economy, up from 15th a decade ago. With GDP estimated at more than US$1.5 trillion, Australia is the fourth largest economy in
the Asian region.
Worlds 20 Largest Economies 2013
F
Percentage share of total world nominal GDP in US$
1. USA 21.9
2. China 12.2
3. Japan 6.9

4. Germany 4.9

5. France 3.7

6. UK 3.3

7 . Brazil 3.3
8. ltaly 3.0
9. Pussia 2.8
11. lndia 2.5
10. Canada 2.7
12. Australia .
20.Switzerland 0.9
19. Saudi Arabia 1.0
18.Netherlands 1.1
17.Turkey 1.2
16.lndonesia 1.3
15.South Korea1.8
14.Mexico 1.8
13.Spain 1.9
Pest of World 20.1
.
F = Forecast
GDP of the worlds 186 economies: US$74,172 billion
GDP of Asia-Pacifc Economic Cooperations 21 member economies: US$42,505 billion (57.3% of worlds nominal GDP)
Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2013; Austrade
The Australian economy remains resilient, sustained by sound macroeconomic policies, structural reforms and continued demand for hard
and soft commodities from Asia. Australia has recorded compound annual GDP growth of 3.3 per cent per year from 1991 to 2013, driven by
compound annual growth of 7 per cent in private business investment and 5 per cent in exports. Household consumption, which makes up
more than half of the nations economy, rose by a solid 3.4 per cent during the period.
Australias Real GDP by Expenditure Growth and Share
1. Business Investment total includes Cultivated Biological Resources.
CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 5206.0 Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Table 2. Expenditure on Gross Domestic
Product (GDP), Chain volume measures (Released 5 Jun 2013); Austrade
A$ Billion
Year to Mar
Quarter Total Dwellings New Gross
(Real Value, General incl. Building & Intellectual Dwellings Corporations Private Domestic
Seasonally Govern- Ownership Engineering Machinery & Property & Business & General Public Product
adjusted) ment Households Transfer Costs Construction Equipment Products Total
1
Total Government Sectors Exports Imports (GDP)
Mar-1991 137 382 52 32 17 7 59 112 33 145 112 63 731
Mar-2001 182 534 74 38 36 15 92 166 37 202 237 128 1,029
Mar-2007 220 671 90 70 66 26 165 255 53 309 266 209 1,257
Mar-2013 263 793 87 135 88 37 263 350 74 424 325 310 1,484
% Share of GDP 17.7 53.5 5.8 9.1 5.9 2.5 17.7 23.6 5.0 28.6 21.9 20.9 100.0
% CAGR 1991/13 3.0 3.4 2.3 6.8 7.8 7.7 7.0 5.3 3.8 5.0 5.0 7.5 3.3
Final Consumption
Expenditure Gross Fixed Capital Formation
Private Sector
Business Investment
Public Sector
Goods and
Services
F = Forecast
1. Composed of 27 economies in Asia.
2. ASEAN-5 = Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam.
3. Composed of 17 economies in Europe.
Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2013; Austrade
Real GDP Growth by Economic Grouping
Average Growth Rate %: 2007-12 and 2013F-2018F
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
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Developing
Asia
1
India ASEAN-5
2
China Austra|Ia USA World UK Japan Euro Area
3
2007 to 2012 2013F to 2018F
7.5
7.4
6.5
5.1
5.6
3.3
4.2
0.8
3.0
0.3
1.8
0.3
1.3
0.3
1.2
Australia has recorded 22 years of uninterrupted economic growth, an achievement unequalled by any other developed economy. Average
real GDP growth over the period was nearly 3.4 per cent per year, and the fundamentals are in place for this trend to continue. According
to IMF forecasts released in April 2013, Australia is expected to realise average annual real GDP growth of 3.1 per cent between 2012 and
2018 the highest forecast among major advanced economies.
The strength of Australias anticipated economic expansion over the next fve years refects its unique position within the fast-growing Asian
region. The pace and scale of growth and change in Asia refect a signifcant shift in the worlds balance of economic power. Over the past 20
years, China and India have more than doubled their share of the global economy. The size of Chinas economy has expanded nearly 10 times
in that period and Indias has grown 5.5 times, both in purchasing power parity terms.
Asian Economic Growth
GDP based on Purchasing Power Parity Valuation (Current International Dollar Billion)
1
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
1985 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015F 2018F
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Asia % of World GDP (RHS)
China & India
Japan, Australia & New Zealand
ASEAN (excluding Singapore)
NIEs (Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan & South Korea)
Other Developing Asia
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1. An international dollar would buy in the cited country a comparable amount of goods and services a US dollar would buy in the United States. This term is often used in
conjunction with Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) data.
Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, April 2013; Austrade
Australias services sector accounts for more than 80 per cent of real gross value added (GVA). For the year to December 2012, the mining
sector was the largest contributor to national output, generating 10.7 per cent of real GVA. The fnancial and insurance sector followed with
10.3 per cent, construction with 7.9 per cent, and manufacturing at 7.6 per cent. Professional, scientifc and technical industries made up
nearly 7 per cent of GVA, illustrating Australias highly skilled, well-educated and innovative workforce.
Australias Real Gross Value Added by Industry
1
As a percentage of Total Industry
Construction 7.9%
Finance/Insurance 10.3%
Professional, Scientifc
and Technical 6.9%
Transport, Postal and Warehousing 5.3%
Health Care and
Social Assistance 6.5%
Public Administration and Safety 5.2%
Education and Training 4.5%
Retail Trade 4.7%
Wholesale Trade 4.8%
Utilities 2.4%
Information Media and Telecommunications 2.9%
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate 2.2%
Mining 10.7%
Other Services
2
15.7%
Manufacturing 7.6%
Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing 2.3%
1. Annual total to March Quarter 2013.
2. Including Ownership of dwellings (8.1%), Administrative, Support services (2.5%), Accommodation, Food services (2.4%), and Arts, Recreational services (0.8%).
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 5206.0 Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Time Series Workbook, Table 6.
Gross Value Added by Industry, Chain Volume Measures (released 05 June 2013); Austrade
Services including fnancial and insurance, professional, scientifc and technical, and information media and telecommunications have
seen strong growth over the past two decades. On the export side, strong demand from Asia for Australias natural resources continues to
drive Australias economic growth. Overall, Australias services industry, which makes up about 80 per cent of the nations economy, has
expanded an annual 3.6 per cent, outpacing 3.3 per cent for the economy as a whole.
Australias Real Gross Value Added Growth by Industry
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Manufacturing
Public Administration and Safety
Education and Training
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services
Accommodation and Food Services
Ownership of Dwellings
Mining
Arts and Recreation Services
Administrative and Support Services
Retail Trade
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Wholesale Trade
Health Care and Social Assistance
Information Media and Telecommunications
Transport, Postal and Warehousing
Professional, Scientic and Technical Services
Construction
Financial and Insurance Services
All Industry Average Growth: . Per Annum
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Average Annual % Growth Rate 1992 to 2013
Note: Mining sector GVA measures the production side of national accounts. This data does not capture the full value of output related to mining production. Expenditure
based estimates, which combine exports and investment by the mining sector (minus the imported component of mining investment), suggest that the sector realised real
term annual growth for the period from 1981 to 2011 of 5.5 per cent as compared to 3 per cent for the non-mining sector. (Source: Reserve Bank of Australia, Statement of
Monetary Policy, August 2011, page 49).
1. Annual total to March Quarter 2013.
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 5206.0 Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Time Series Workbook, Table 6. Gross
Value Added by Industry, Chain Volume Measures (released 05 June 2013); Austrade
Australias engineering construction activity is expected to remain strong in the years ahead. The total value of projects outstanding is
estimated at more than A$128 billion, an 11-fold rise over the past decade. Engineering construction in oil, gas, coal and other minerals is
forecast to be the most active, with work outstanding totalling an estimated A$83 billion. The compound annual growth rate for the sub-
sector is nearly 34 per cent over the decade to 2012.
Engineering Construction Activity in Australia
Value of Work Yet to be Done
1
(A$ Billion)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Dec 2002 Dec 2003 Dec 2004 Dec 2005 Dec 2006 Dec 2007 Dec 2008 Dec 2009 Dec 2010 Dec 2011 Dec 2012
11.7
12.4
18.4
23.1
29.7
48.0
52.4
87.1
111.9
136.9
128.2
Oil/Gas/Coal/Other Minerals (64.5%)
Poad/Highways/Subdivisions (8.2
Bridges, Pailways and Harbour (8.8%)
Electricity Generation/Transmission/Distribution (6.2%)
Other
2
(12.3%)
Construction % Share in December 2012
1. The value of outstanding work for the project at the end of the period. Rise and fall and other cost variations can lead to increases or decreases in the value of work yet to
be done.
2. Includes water storage supply, sewerage and drainage, pipelines, recreation, telecom, and other heavy industry.
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 8762.0, Engineering Construction Activity, Australia, Dec 2012 (Released 03 Apr 2013); Austrade
Since 2001, real Gross Value Added (GVA) of Australias infrastructure construction has increased 36 per cent, primarily due to signifcant
increases in the construction of transport and related industries. During this period, the GVA of transport, postal and warehousing, and
information media and telecommunications expanded around 43 per cent each to A$67 billion and A$42 billion respectively. As a percentage
of GDP, the GVA of Australias infrastructure industries was increasingly signifcant, at around 10.5 per cent in 2010-11.
Australias Real Gross Value Added of Major Infrastructure Industries
A$ Million
Sources: The Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, Australian Infrastructure Statistics Yearbook 2012 (released 20 July 2012), Table I 1.1a; Austrade
Energy Major Infrastructure Industries Transport, Information Water
Financial Year Postal and Media and Supply and
Ending June Warehousing Electricity Gas Telecommunications Waste Services Total % of GDP
1975-76 17,582 5,742 112 4,878 5,993 34,307 7.8
1980-81 23,811 7,806 294 6,967 6,421 45,299 8.9
1985-86 28,058 9,754 540 9,728 7,325 55,405 9.4
1990-91 32,198 12,156 617 14,532 8,386 67,889 9.9
1995-96 39,989 13,781 699 22,467 8,716 85,652 10.6
2000-01 47,016 15,185 836 29,761 9,366 102,164 10.5
2005-06 57,956 16,315 879 36,219 9,393 120,762 10.4
2010-11 67,506 17,921 1,039 42,434 9,933 138,833 10.5
% Growth since 2001 43.6 18.0 24.3 42.6 6.1 35.9
% CAGR 1976 to 11 3.9 3.3 6.6 6.4 1.5 4.1
% Share FY2010-11 48.6 12.9 0.7 30.6 7.2 100.0
Australia is a major global commodity producer and exporter, and a signifcant source of agricultural production. The country is well-placed
to beneft from the global rise in demand for food, steel and energy, building on a skilled workforce, research and development capability,
and advanced processing technologies. Australia is the worlds second largest producer of iron ore, the third largest producer of bauxite
and alumina, zinc, uranium, and coal, and has the worlds largest identifed reserves in many strategic mineral commodities. In agriculture,
Australia is the worlds second largest producer of sheep meat, chickpeas and wool, and the ffth largest producer of barley and cattle meat.
Australias Mining and Agribusiness Production World Ranking
Global Rank Global Share Global Rank Global Share
Year 2011 of Output of Output of Reserves of Reserves
Iron Ore 2 17 1 21
Bauxite and Alumina 3 30 2 21
Zinc 3 11 1 22
Uranium 3 11 1 31
Coal 3 6 4 9
Nickel 5 10 1 30
Copper 5 6 3 12
Australias Global Rank
Year 2010 Based on Quantity
Indigenous Sheep Meat 2nd
Chickpeas 2nd
Wool (greasy) 2nd
Barley 5th
Indigenous Cattle Meat 5th
Sugarcane 8th
Wheat 9th
Sources: USA Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2012; BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2012, World Nuclear Association,
World Uranium Mining, updated May 2012; Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Country Rank by Commodity, 2010; Austrade

The International Monetary Fund, April 2013 has estimated the Australian Governments net debt will be 12.7 per cent of GDP, well below
the 78.1 per cent forecast for advanced economies. The low public-sector debt reinforces Australias strong fnancial position and sound
economic credentials.
0
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120
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160
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General Government Net Debt
1
2013
As a percentage of GDP
1. International Monetary Fund (IMF) staf estimates and projections. Projections are based on staf assessment of current policies.
2. Gross debt as a percentage of GDP.
Sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) Fiscal Monitor database, April 2013, Statistical Tables 4 and 8; Austrade
Advanced Economies: 78.1
Euro Area 73.9
G7 91.5
Emerging Economies: 23.6
Asia
2
31.0
Europe 24.8
Latin America 30.0
How Australias Innovation System Compares to Leading 13
Innovative Countries
Australias Gross Expenditure on Research & Development 14
Annual Growth Rate of Gross Expenditure in Research 15
and Development by Country
Quality of Scientifc Research Institutions 16
Australian Universities Ranking in the World 17
Information Technology Selected Indicators 18
Business Use of Broadband 19
BSA Global Cloud Computing Scorecard 20
SECTION 2
Innovation
Australias strong track record, quality research
institutions and commitment to world-class innovation
make it a proven destination to develop new ideas and
bring them to life.
An advanced innovation framework, coupled with
government and business investment in research and
development, strong intellectual property protection
and a track record of world-class outcomes,
create opportunities for investors to collaborate in
commercialising research and innovation.
The countrys research institutions are among the
best in the world and ofer opportunities for private-
sector industry collaboration, while Australias talented
and highly skilled workforce provides the resources
necessary for investors to realise their potential.
INNOVATION
Section 2 Innovation > 13
HowAustraliasInnovationSystemComparestoLeadingInnovativeCountries
Australiahasastrongfocusoninnovation.Itsinstitutionsrankstronglycomparedtootherleadinginnovativecountries.Thequalityof
Australiasresearchinstitutionsiswellrecognised.Australianresearchersproduce3.7percentoftheworldshighlycitedpublicationsand
thecountryranksasoneofthetopintermsofthenumberofpublicationsinhighlyinfuentialjournalsasaproportionofpopulation.Australia
alsohasasupportivegovernment,astrongintellectualpropertyprotectionregime,qualityenablingICTinfrastructure,highlevelsofR&D
investmentsandagenerousR&Dtaxscheme.
Note:CountriesrankedareselectedashavingthebestreputationforinnovationaccordingtotheGE2012GlobalInnovationBarometer.
1.AsapercentageofGDP.2.Publishedinthemostinfuential25%oftheworldsscholarlyjournalsasrankedbySCImagoJournal(2009).3.Percentageofbusinesseswithtenormore
employees;2011orlatestavailableyear.4.Percentageofnon-residentialgrossfxedcapitalformation,totaleconomy.
Sources: (a) OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2012/1 (b) OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2011 (c) WEF, Global Competitiveness Report
2012-13 (d) OECD, Education at a Glance 2012 (e) Global Innovation Index 2012 (f) InCites, Thomson Reuters (2011) (g) The Global Innovation Policy Index (2012) (h) Academic
ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Index 2012) (i) OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012

South
Australia Canada France UK Germany Japan Korea Sweden USA
Highlevelsofinnovationinvestment
(a)GrossDomesticExpenditureonR&D(GERD)
1
2.2% 1.9% 2.1% 1.8% 2.7% 3.5% 3.4% 3.7% 2.8%
(a)HigherEducationExpenditureonR&D(HERD)
1
0.5% 0.7% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.8% 0.4%
(a)BusinessExpenditureonR&D(BERD)
1
1.3% 1.0% 1.4% 1.1% 1.9% 2.5% 2.6% 2.5% 2.0%
Skilledworkforce
(d)Proportionofpopulationaged25-64 38.0% 51.0% 29.0% 38.0% 27.0% 45.0% 40.0% 34.0% 42.0%
attainingtertiaryeducation
(e)Employmentinknowledge-intensiveservices 42.9 42.4 40.8 42.5 41.9 37.8 22.4 44.5 36.3
(%ofworkforce)
(i) S&Toccupationsasa%oftotalemployment 36.7 30 37 28.1 37.3 14.9 19.3 41.5 35.4
World-classresearch
(b)Publicationsintop-quartilejournalsper1000inhabitants
2
1.32 1.22 0.68 1.22 0.74 0.38 0.44 1.61 0.89
(f) Shareofworldstop1%highlycitedpublications, 3.7% 5.1% 5.3% 9.6% 8.0% 3.3% 1.6% 2.2% 33.1%
naturalsciencesandengineering
(c)Qualityofscientificresearchinstitutions 5.8 5.5 5.5 6.2 5.6 5.6 4.9 5.6 5.8
(h)Numberofuniversitiesintop100 5 4 3 9 4 4 0 3 53
Entrepreneurship
(g)Administrativeburdenonstartups(0=best) 0.25 0.28 0.43 0.19 0.16 0.24 0.52 0.28 0.33
(i) Easeofentrepreneurshipindex 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.9 5.1 4.8
WorldclassICTinfrastructure
(b)BusinessAccesstoBroadband
3
94.4% 94.3% 93.8% 93.5% 91.1% 83.4% 98.4% 94.9% n/a
(b)MedianadvertisedBroadbanddownloadspeeds(Mbps) 24.6 13.8 102.4 20.5 16.4 102.4 51.2 12.3 12.3
(b)ICTInvestment
4
13.8% 17.0% 16.3% 23.8% 12.6% 13.5% 11.1% 24.7% 31.5%
AustraliasGrossExpenditureonResearch&Development
A$BillionbySector
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25
30
200001 200203 200405 200607 200809 201011
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GERD % of GDP (RHS)
BEPD
GOVEPD
HEPD
Private non-prot
5.0
2.4
2.8
0.29
6.9
2.5
3.4
0.36
8.7
2.5
4.3
0.48
12.6
3.1
5.4
0.61
17.3
3.4
6.8
0.74
17.9
3.8
8.2
0.91
BERD=BusinessExpenditureonResearch&Development.
GOVERD=GovernmentExpenditureonResearch&Development.
HERD=HigherEducationExpenditureonResearch&Development.
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 8104.0 Research and Experimental Development, Businesses, Australia, 2010-11, Appendix Gross Expenditure on
R&D(released 11 Sep 2012); Austrade
AustraliasgrossR&Dexpenditurerose11.5percentperyearoverthe10yearsto2010-11toreachA$30.8billion.BusinessExpenditureon
ResearchandDevelopment(BERD)makesupthelargestportionofthisfgure,rapidlyexpandingtoA$17.9billionin2011fromA$5.0billion
in2001.Thisrepresentsacompoundgrowthrateof13.6percent,wellaboveAustraliasGDPgrowthrateof7.1percent.AustraliasGross
ExpenditureonResearch&Development(GERD)asapercentageofGDPliftedfrom1.47percentto2.20percentovertheperiod,astrong
indicationofincreasedsupportbygovernmentandindustrytowardsinnovationandresearchanddevelopment.
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Note:DataforSwedenandDenmarkhasbeencalculatedovertheperiod1999to2008asthereisnodataavailablefor2000.
Sources: OECD MSTI, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2012/2
AnnualGrowthRateofGrossExpenditureinResearch&Development
byCountry2000-2009
GrossR&DexpenditureinAustraliarose11.5percentayearbetween2000and2009,representingalmosttwicetheOECDtotalrateof5.9
percentandpositioningAustralia4thamongOECDcountriesbehindChina,RussiaandSpain.IntermsofR&Dexpenditurebydiferentareas
oftheeconomy(government,businessandnot-for-proft),AustraliahasamorebalancedapproachthanmanyOECDcountries.
Australiasscientifcresearchinstitutionshaveahighreputationforquality,supportingthecountryspositionasasourceofworld-class
researchandinnovation.Inits2012-13 Executive Opinion Survey,theWorldEconomicForumfoundthatAustraliaranked7thoutof144
countries,onparwiththeUnitedStatesandaheadofGermany,Japan,TaiwanandSouthKorea.
0
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Note:Thenumberinthebracketsindicatestherankingofthe144economiessurveyed.
Sources: World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey, The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013; Austrade
QualityofScientifcResearchInstitutions
Scores:1=verypoor,7=bestintheirfeldinternationally,2011-12weightedaverage,Mean=3.8
Australiasacademicandresearchinstitutionsareamongthebestintheworld.Australiaishometo19ofthetop500universitiesaccording
totheAcademic Ranking of World Universitiesfor2012.Similarly,morethanhalfofthecountrysuniversitiesarelistedintheTimes Higher
Education ranking for 2012-13 Top 400andsixareinthetop100.AustraliaranksfourthbehindtheUSA,UKandGermanyintermsofthe
numberofuniversitiesintheTimes Top 400.
AustralianUniversitiesRankingintheWorld
1. The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU)ranksupto1,200universitiesfromwhichthefnaltop500aretakenandconsiderssixobjectiveindicatorsincludingthenumber
ofalumniandstafwinningNobelPrizesandFieldsmedals,numberofhighlycitedresearchersselectedbyThomsonScientifc,numberofarticlespublishedinjournalsofNatureand
Science,numberofarticlesinScienceCitationIndex,andpercapitaperformancewithrespecttothesizeofaninstitution.
2. The Times Higher Education World University Rankingsisbasedonaworldwidepollofmorethan16,500experienceduniversityscholarsandconsiders13separateperformance
indicatorsthatarebroughttogetherunderfveheadlinecategories:Teaching,Research,Citations,industryIncomeandinternationalOutlook.
3. Bothrankingsuseindicatorsthatcoverdataonmorethan5,600universitiesfrommorethan100countries(ThomsonReutersWebofKnowledge).Institutionswithinthesamerankare
listedalphabetically.
Sources: The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2012; Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2012-13; Austrade
TheAcademicRankingofWorldUniversities
1
2012
Institution
3
WorldRanking
UniversityofMelbourne 57
AustralianNationalUniversity 64
UniversityofQueensland 90
UniversityofSydney 93
UniversityofWesternAustralia 96
Monash University 101-150
UniversityofNewSouthWales 101-150
MacquarieUniversity 201-300
UniversityofAdelaide 201-300
FlindersUniversity 301-400
GrifthUniversity 301-400
JamesCookUniversity 301-400
SwinburneUniversityofTechnology 301-400
UniversityofNewcastle 301-400
UniversityofTasmania 301-400
UniversityofWollongong 301-400
CurtinUniversityofTechnology 401-500
LaTrobeUniversity 401-500
UniversityofTechnology,Sydney 401-500
TimesHigherEducationWorldUniversityRankings
2
2012-2013
Institution
3
WorldRanking
UniversityofMelbourne 28
AustralianNationalUniversity 37
UniversityofSydney 62
UniversityofQueensland 65
UniversityofNewSouthWales 85
MonashUniversity 99
UniversityofAdelaide 176
UniversityofWesternAustralia 190
MacquarieUniversity 251-275
QueenslandUniversityofTechnology 251-275
UniversityofNewcastle 276-300
MurdochUniversity 301-350
UniversityofSouthAustralia 301-350
UniversityofWollongong 301-350
CharlesDarwinUniversity 351-400
DeakinUniversity 351-400
FlindersUniversity 351-400
UniversityofTechnology,Sydney 351-400
UniversityofTasmania 351-400
Australiaisrankedinthetop10incriticalindicatorssuchassecureinternetservers,business-to-consumerinternetuseandan
e-participationindex.Australiahasalsobecomeasourceofanumberofdistinctivetechnologiesespeciallyintheareasofe-health,
e-governmentandfnancialservices.WithexpectedrevenueofA$131billion,investmentinresearchanddevelopmentatA$5.2billion,anda
strongworkforceof544,000,theAustralianICTIndustryprovidesaworld-classfoundationforinnovation.
InformationTechnologySelectedIndicators
Economy Value
1 USA 19
2 Luxembourg 20
3 Japan 21
4 NewZealand 22
5 Australia 23
5 Austria 23
7 Belgium 24
7 Denmark 24
7 Sweden 24
10 Finland 25
10 Switzerland 25
12 Germany 26
12 UK 26
14 Canada 27
14 Norway 27
18 Singapore 33
22 France 37
22 Taiwan 37
22 UAE 37
25 SouthKorea 40
30 HongKong 43
34 Italy 48
40 Brazil 53
58 India 63
70 Philippines 70
72 Thailand 72
79 China 77
88 Vietnam 81
97 Indonesia 86
Economy Value
1 Netherlands 6.1
2 Japan 6.0
3 Taiwan 6.0
4 Belgium 6.0
5 UK 6.0
6 Australia 5.9
7 Austria 5.8
8 Germany 5.8
9 HongKong 5.8
10 Malta 5.8
11 SouthKorea 5.7
15 UAE 5.7
18 USA 5.6
19 Canada 5.6
20 Switzerland 5.6
21 Singapore 5.5
22 Sweden 5.5
24 NewZealand 5.5
28 France 5.5
29 Denmark 5.4
34 India 5.4
36 Malaysia 5.4
37 China 5.3
44 Vietnam 5.1
45 Brazil 5.1
50 Philippines 5.1
54 Thailand 5.0
67 Italy 4.9
96 Indonesia 4.4
Economy Value
1 Iceland 3,025.1
2 Netherlands 2,749.8
3 SouthKorea 2,496.1
4 Denmark 2,180.7
5 Switzerland 2,137.5
6 Australia 2,002.6
7 Luxembourg 1,874.3
8 Norway 1,810.6
9 Malta 1,661.1
10 NewZealand1,597.4
11 UK 1,592.5
12 USA 1,563.2
15 Canada 1,368.6
19 Germany 1,023.4
21 Japan 743.9
22 Singapore 607.3
24 HongKong 570.5
26 Taiwan 492.7
31 France 354.1
39 Italy 190.9
40 UAE 180.3
57 Malaysia 54.4
58 Brazil 54.2
83 Thailand 16.6
97 Philippines 7.5
101Vietnam 4.7
103Indonesia 3.4
106India 2.9
111China 2.4
Economy Value
1 South Korea 1.00
1 Netherlands 1.00
3 Kazakhstan 0.95
3 Singapore 0.95
5 UK 0.92
5 USA 0.92
7 Israel 0.89
8 Australia 0.76
8 Estonia 0.76
8 Germany 0.76
11 Japan 0.74
11 UAE 0.74
15 Canada 0.68
15 Norway 0.68
15 Sweden 0.68
25 France 0.58
25 Mexico 0.58
25 NewZealand 0.58
31 Brazil 0.50
31 Malaysia 0.50
31 Spain 0.50
43 Switzerland 0.34
46 Thailand 0.32
54 Italy 0.26
62 China 0.21
62 Indonesia 0.21
62 Philippines 0.21
70 India 0.18
91 Vietnam 0.11
Economy Value
1 UK 6.3
2 South Korea 6.3
3 USA 6.0
4 Netherlands 6.0
5 Taiwan 6.0
6 Finland 6.0
7 Japan 5.9
8 CzechRepublic 5.9
9 Australia 5.8
10 Lithuania 5.8
11 Sweden 5.8
12 Switzerland 5.8
13 Norway 5.7
14 Germany 5.7
16 Austria 5.6
17 Canada 5.6
18 NewZealand 5.6
21 UAE 5.5
22 HongKong 5.5
25 France 5.4
26 Malaysia 5.4
28 Brazil 5.3
30 Singapore 5.3
34 Vietnam 5.2
44 Indonesia 4.9
47 China 4.9
51 Philippines 4.8
53 Thailand 4.8
76 India 4.4
SoftwarePiracyRate
1
SecureInternetServers
3
E-ParticipationIndex
4
IntensityofLocal
Competition
2
Business-to-Consumer
InternetUse
5
1.Unlicensedsoftwareunitsasapercentageoftotalsoftwareunitsinstalled,2011;2.Howwouldyouassesstheintensityofcompetitioninthelocalmarketsinyourcountry?
[1=limitedinmostindustries;7=intenseinmostindustries]20112012weightedaverage;3.SecureInternetserverspermillionpopulation,2011;4.TheE-ParticipationIndex
assesses,ona0-to-1(best)scale,thequality,relevance,andusefulnessofgovernmentwebsitesinprovidingonlineinformationandparticipatorytoolsandservicestotheircitizens,
2012;5.Towhatextentdobusinessesinyourcountryuseinternetforsellingtheirgoodsandservicestoconsumers?[1=notatall;7=extensively]2012
Sources: World Economic Forum, The Global Information Technology Report 2013; Austrade
Morethan94percentofAustralianbusinesseswith10ormoreemployeesusebroadband,puttingAustraliainthetop10OECDnationsand
abovemostmajoreconomies,includingCanada,France,theUK,Germany,ItalyandJapan.
0
20
40
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BusinessUseofBroadband,2011orLatestAvailableYear
%ofBusinesseswith10ormoreEmployees
1
Note:DatanotavailablefortheUSA.
1.ForAustralia,from2010businesseswithinANZSIC06DivisionAAgriculture,forestryandfshingindustrywereincludedforthefrsttime;ForJapan,businesseswith100ormore
employees;ForMexico,businesseswith20ormoreemployees;ForNewZealand,businesseswith6ormoreemployeesandwithaturnovergreaterthanNZ$30,000;
ForSwitzerland,businesseswith5ormoreemployeesandconnectionsequaltoorfasterthan144Kilobitspersecond(mobileandfx).
Sources: OECD, ICT database and Eurostat, Community Survey on ICT usage in enterprises, June 2012; Austrade
Australiaisideallypositionedtocapitaliseonthecloudcomputingrevolution,claimingitsplaceasaworldleaderincloudcomputingpolicies
forasecondstraightyear.The2013 BSA Global Cloud Computing ScorecardrankedAustraliasecondafterJapaninanannualreportthat
gauges24economieswhichmakeup80percentoftheglobalICTmarket.
BSAGlobalCloudComputingScorecard
Sources: Business Software Alliance, BSA Global Computing Scorecard (released 7 March 2013), pages 10-11; Austrade
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Intellectual Property Rights
Support for Industry-Led Standards & International Harmonisation of Rules
Promoting Free Trade
ICT Readiness, Broadband Deployment
Data Privacy
Security
Cybercrime

J
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17.6
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16.4
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14.9
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11.4
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13.9
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8.8
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13.1
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13.2
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10.3
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10.4
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13.4
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11.7
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10.6
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.
Workforce Skill Base Comparisons 22
All Overseas Students by Region Grouping 23
Percentage Employed Persons with Tertiary Education 24
by Industry
Foreign-Born Population 25
Australias Labour Force by Birthplace 26
Major Asian Languages Spoken in Australian Homes 27
Major European Languages Spoken in Australian Homes 28
Liveability Index Ranking 29
SECTION 3
Talent
Australias multilingual workforce is one of the most
educated in the world. Investors can access highly
skilled, innovative workers who are equally at home in
both western and Asian cultures.
Australias education system is recognised as world
leading, ranking in the global top 10 in 2012. Australian
universities are world-class, attracting students
from across the globe and producing great research
outcomes. The nations premier scientifc research
facility, CSIRO, ranks in the top one per cent of the
worlds scientifc institutions.
The country also ranks very well in attracting and
retaining highly skilled workers. The lifestyle and
quality of life also makes Australia an attractive
destination for expatriate executives.
TALENT
Section 3 Talent > 22
WorkforceSkillBaseComparisons
1.Percentageofpopulationthathasattainedatleasttertiaryeducationforpersons25-34in2010.
(a) World Economic Forum, Switzerland and Harvard University, Global Competitiveness Report 2012 -13 (Updated: September 2012, 144 economies); (b) Institute for
Management Development (IMD), Switzerland, IMD World Competitiveness Online 1995-2013 (Updated: May 2013, 60 economies); (c) The United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 2013 (185 economies), Table 1; Austrade
South Hong
Australia USA UK China Japan Korea India Kong Singapore
GlobalCompetitivenessReport2012-13Ranking
(a)
in:
SecondaryEducationEnrolmentRate 1 47 24 90 22 43 107 85 15
QualityofScientifcResearchInstitutions 7 6 3 44 11 24 39 31 12
TertiaryEducationEnrolmentRate 9 2 40 79 36 1 95 37 19
RelianceonProfessionalManagement 10 19 9 48 17 40 46 32 11
QualityofEducationalSystem 15 28 27 57 43 44 34 23 3
WorldCompetitivenessYearbook2013Ranking
(b)
in:
EthicalPractices 4 16 13 27 8 48 37 24 17
HighlySkilledOverseasWorkers 6 3 8 24 48 31 35 5 4
EducationSystem 11 21 23 48 35 27 37 22 4
HigherEducationAchievement
1
11 19 10 35 4 2 48 15 1
UNDPsHumanDevelopmentReport2013Ranking
(c)
in:
HumanDevelopmentIndex 2 3 26 101 10 12 136 13 18
InternationalstudiesrecognisethehighlevelsofskillandeducationthatcharacteriseAustraliasworkforce.AccordingtotheWorld
EconomicForumsGlobal Competitiveness Report 2012-13,Australiassecondaryeducationenrolmentrateistheworldshighest.Australia
rankedsecondintheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammesHuman Development Report 2013,whichmeasuresacountrysinvestment
initspeople.
AustraliaisafrstchoiceeducationdestinationacrosstheAsianregion.Withabout60percentofthe333,000overseasstudents
inAustraliastudyingmanagement,commerceandinformationtechnology,thecountryisahubforbusinessanddigital-relatededucationin
theregion.
AllOverseasStudentsbyRegionGrouping
EnrolledinAustralianHigherEducationCoursesOnshoreandOfshore,FullYear2011
0
30,000
60,000
90,000
120,000
150,000
North-East
Asia
South-East
Asia
Southern and
Central Asia
North Africa and
the Middle East
Americas Sub-Saharan
Africa
North-West
Europe
Southern and
Eastern Europe
Oceania and
Antarctica
Total Overseas Students: ,
% Change on 2010. -0.8%
% Share of Top 25 Sources. 85.3%
% Share of Asian students in Top 25. 78.4
% of students from China. 28.9
Top Five Enrolled Courses:
Management & Commerce. 170,447
Engineering & Pelated Technology. 28,526
Society & Culture. 26,963
Health. 24,623
128,664
104,465
33,665
17,136
16,285
11,919 11,509
2,561 2,478
Sources: Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education, Selected Higher Education Statistics, Table 7.4; Austrade
Australiahasoneofthemosthighlyeducatedworkforcesintheworld,withanaverage40percentofitsworkersholdingatertiary
qualifcationoradvanceddiploma.Intheprofessional,scientifcandtechnicalservicessector,aswellaseducationandtraining,thefgurerises
tomorethan70percent.Insixmajorsectors,includingfnancialservices,healthcareandtelecommunications,overhalfoftheworkforcehas
atertiaryqualifcationorhigher.
0 10
20
30 40 50 60 70 80
Construction
Accommodation and Food Services
Retail Trade
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Other Services
Manufacturing
Transport, Postal and Warehousing
Mining
Wholesale Trade
Administrative and Support Services
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services
Arts and Recreation Services
Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services
Public Administration and Safety
Information Media and Telecommunications
Financial and Insurance services
Health Care and Social Assistance
Professional, Scientic and Technical Services
Education and Training
All Industry Average: .

.
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.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
PercentageEmployedPersonswithTertiaryEducationbyIndustry
1
May2012
1.Inthisstatisticalrelease,tertiaryeducationreferstoAdvancedDiploma/Diplomaorhigher.
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 62270 DO 001-201105, Education and Work, Australia, May 2011, Table 11 (released 30 November 2011); Austrade
Withnearly27percentofitspopulationbornoverseas,AustraliaisthemostculturallydiversecountryinAsia.Theavailabilityofmultilingual,
culturallydiverse,highlyskilledpersonnelmeansAustraliaofersaccesstoadiverseworkforce,well-equippedwithculturalunderstanding
andlanguagecapabilitiestoserviceinternationalbusinessesintheirownlanguages.
Foreign-BornPopulation
AsaPercentageofTotalPopulation2010orlatestavailableyear
Sources: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Factbook 2013: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics; Austrade,
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
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. China
Indonesia
Brazil
India
Poland
Mexico
Chile
South Africa
Finland
Turkey
Russia
Italy
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
France
UK
USA
Belgium
Spain
Ireland
Germany
Austria
Sweden
Canada
New Zealand
Australia
Switzerland
Israel
Luxembourg
Morethanone-quarterofAustralias12.4millionlabourforcewasbornoverseas.Manyforeign-bornworkersarefromAsiaorEurope,
enrichingAustraliasreputationformultilingual,multiculturalworkplaces.
AustraliasLabourForcebyBirthplaceApril2013
TotallabourforceasatApril2013:12,352,300
Austra|Ian
Born
72.3
Overseas
Born
27.7
Americas .
Sub-Saharan Africa .
North-West Europe .
North Africa & The Middle East .
Southern & Central Asia .
North-East Asia .
Southern & Eastern Europe .
South-East Asia .
Oceania & The Antarctic .
UK & Ireland .
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 6291.055.001 Labour Force, Australia, Detailed Electronic Delivery, April 2013, data cubes LM6 (released 16 May 2013);
Austrade
ThespreadofAsianlanguagespeakersacrossthecountryhighlightsAustraliasabilitytooferamultilingualworkforceinavarietyof
businesslocations.Morethan2.1millionAustraliansspeakanAsianlanguageathome(almost10percentofthetotalpopulation)andmore
than650,000AustraliansspeakaChineselanguage.

MajorAsianLanguagesSpokeninAustralianHomes
1
2011
1. ThislistoflanguagesconsistsofthemostcommonLanguageSpokenatHomeresponsesreportedinthe2006Census.Thecountofpersonsisbasedonplaceofusual
residence.
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 2001, Census of Population and Housing, Basic Community Profles (released 21 June 2012); Austrade

NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUSTRALIA
Chineselanguages:
Cantonese 136,374 72,902 22,255 9,000 18,007 840 685 3,475 263,675
Mandarin 139,825 103,744 38,117 16,499 28,035 2,089 1,198 6,677 336,410
Other 19,279 18,481 4,347 2,612 4,540 327 783 839 51,243
Total 295,478 195,127 64,719 28,111 50,582 3,256 2,666 10,991 651,328
Indo-AryanLanguages:
Hindi 52,782 32,705 13,188 4,417 5,011 506 430 2,315 111,352
Punjabi 21,538 31,066 7,911 4,426 4,819 225 275 977 71,230
Sinhalese 9,386 28,165 4,282 1,728 2,933 159 225 1,316 48,193
Other 75,647 36,218 14,051 9,183 11,139 966 997 3,853 152,069
Total 159,353 128,154 39,432 19,754 23,902 1,856 1,927 8,461 382,844
OtherAsianLanguages:
Arabic 184,252 68,436 11,422 7,468 11,959 910 303 2,422 287,178
Vietnamese 87,501 86,594 21,853 15,970 16,523 284 879 3,787 233,388
SoutheastAsianAustronesianLanguages:
TagalogandFilipino 58,225 31,063 21,104 6,794 13,962 792 3,034 1,873 136,860
Indonesian 24,781 13,877 4,427 1,549 9,084 172 950 1,012 55,869
Other 4,496 6,145 3,049 1,485 6,464 263 510 380 23,461
Total 87,502 51,085 28,580 9,828 29,510 1,227 4,494 3,265 216,190
Korean 47,420 10,329 12,737 3,058 3,942 506 257 1,544 79,786
IranicLanguages 27,508 21,875 5,947 7,238 7,959 234 71 1,091 71,933
Tamil 21,527 17,451 3,479 1,702 4,079 214 281 1,416 50,150
Japanese 14,369 8,550 13,085 1,774 4,423 414 195 886 43,692
Thai 15,713 7,638 5,508 1,371 4,568 370 710 798 36,680
Assyrian 21,044 9,873 211 25 124 8 0 42 31,323
Khmer 10,286 11,842 1,887 3,673 1,311 15 167 339 29,518
GRANDTOTAL 971,953 616,954 208,860 99,972 158,882 9,294 11,950 35,042 2,114,010
Almost1.3millionAustraliansspeakaEuropeanlanguageathomeotherthanEnglish,withItalian,GreekandSpanishthemostcommon.
Australiaslinguisticdiversityisnationwide,ensuringareadysupplyofpersonnelwithforeignlanguageskillsinallmajorcentres.

MajorEuropeanLanguagesSpokeninAustralianHomes
1
2011
1. ThislistoflanguagesconsistsofthemostcommonLanguageSpokenatHomeresponsesreportedinthe2006Census.Thecountisbasedonplaceofusualresidence.
2.Excludinglanguagesnotidentifedindividually,InadequatelydescribedandNon-verbal,sodescribed.
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 2001, Census of Population and Housing, Basic Community Profles (released 21 June 2012); Austrade

NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT AUSTRALIA
Italian 83,174 124,857 21,713 33,290 31,445 1,285 750 3,311 299,833
Greek 86,601 116,803 11,402 25,250 5,325 1,201 2,853 2,776 252,217
Spanish 55,627 29,014 15,605 4,909 8,228 835 361 2,923 117,497
German 23,426 20,083 16,349 7,458 8,713 1,667 771 1,882 80,370
Macedonian 29,453 30,945 1,193 729 5,896 20 23 582 68,846
Croatian 22,882 22,166 4,406 3,435 5,936 262 56 2,402 61,548
Turkish 22,269 32,898 1,898 672 1,502 86 50 244 59,624
French 19,012 16,286 9,888 2,143 7,687 702 429 1,598 57,740
Serbian 22,236 17,582 4,643 4,281 5,058 126 48 1,143 55,116
Polish 14,857 16,476 5,107 6,240 6,022 761 95 1,143 50,692
Russian 16,471 16,506 4,817 3,115 2,093 257 71 720 44,059
Dutch 9,290 9,513 7,846 3,106 5,567 1,110 224 592 37,249
Maltese 13,266 18,176 1,419 916 429 27 11 150 34,396
Portuguese 16,300 5,126 4,806 1,056 4,962 90 531 476 33,352
Hungarian 7,023 7,364 3,292 1,474 1,127 151 73 356 20,881
GRANDTOTAL
(2)
441,887 483,795 114,384 98,074 99,990 8,580 6,346 20,298 1,273,420
Withoneofthehigheststandardsoflivingintheworld,Australiaofersasuperbclimate,auniqueandbeautifulenvironment,lowpersonal
risk,anefectiveinfrastructureandqualitysocialandculturalinfrastructure.Australiasmajorcitiesareregularlyjudgedtobeamongthe
mostliveableintheworldbyarangeofinternationalsurveys.IntheEconomistIntelligenceUnit Liveability Ranking 2012,fourofAustralias
mainlandcapitalcitieswererankedinthetop10mostliveablecitiesintheworld:Melbourne(frst),Adelaide(ffth),Sydney(seventh)and
Perth(ninth).
LiveabilityIndexRanking2012

Sources: The Economist Intelligence Units Liveability Survey, A Summary of the Liveability Ranking and Overview, August 2012, Page 6; Austrade

Culture&
Country City Rank OverallRating Stability Healthcare Environment Education Infrastructure
Thetop10cities(100=ideal;0=intolerable)
Australia Melbourne 1 97.5 95.0 100.0 95.1 100.0 100.0
Austria Vienna 2 97.4 95.0 100.0 94.4 100.0 100.0
Canada Vancouver 3 97.3 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 92.9
Canada Toronto 4 97.2 100.0 100.0 97.2 100.0 89.3
Canada Calgary 5 96.6 100.0 100.0 89.1 100.0 96.4
Australia Adelaide 5 96.6 95.0 100.0 94.2 100.0 96.4
Australia Sydney 7 96.1 90.0 100.0 94.4 100.0 100.0
Finland Helsinki 8 96.0 100.0 100.0 90.0 91.7 96.4
Australia Perth 9 95.9 95.0 100.0 88.7 100.0 100.0
NewZealand Auckland 10 95.7 95.0 95.8 97.0 100.0 92.9
Australias Exports and Imports of Goods and Services 31
Australia is a Partner for Growth in Asia 32
Australias Two-way Merchandise Trade 33
Australias Merchandise Exports by Industry 34
Stock of Foreign Direct Investment in Australia 35
Foreign Direct Investment Inward Stock by Economy 36
Time Zone Advantage 37
SECTION 4
Location
Australia is a major trading nation, with eight of the
countrys top 10 export markets within the Asian
region. Australian businesses have been trading with
the Asia-Pacifc for more than half a century and
understand these markets, ofering the benefts of
experience and established trade and investment ties.
With these trade links, strategic location and highly
educated, multilingual workforce, Australia is uniquely
positioned as a platform for growth.
Australia also bridges the worlds major time zones,
ofering 24-hour access for global organisations.
LOCATION
Section 4 Location > 31
Australiasintegrationwiththeworldeconomy,particularlythedynamicAsianregion,drivesitswealthcreationandoverallgrowth.Australias
two-waytradeingoodsandservicesin2012totalledmorethanA$600billion,makingupabout41percentofGDPandupsharplyfrom
aboutA$450billionfveyearsearlier.AustraliastradewithotherAsia-PacifcEconomicCooperation(APEC)countriescontinuedto
strengthen,withatotalvalueofmorethanA$436billion,or72percentofAustraliastotaltrade.
AustraliasExportsandImportsofGoodsandServices
A$Billion
1

CAGR=CompoundAnnualGrowthRate
1.AlldataisonaBOPbasis,exceptforgoodsbycountrywhichareonarecordedtradebasis.
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Cat. No. 5368.0 International Trade in Goods and Services, Tables 14a & 14b; ABS Cat No. 5368055004 International Trade
in Services by Country, by State and by Detailed Services Category, Calendar Year, 2012, Tables 5.13 & 5.17; Austrade
Selected Cumulative %Change CAGR%
Rank Economies 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Share% %Share 2010-12 2007-12
1 China 58.1 73.9 85.0 105.0 121.0 125.2 20.7 20.7 3.5 16.6
2 Japan 54.5 75.8 59.1 66.0 72.5 71.1 11.8 32.5 -1.9 5.5
3 USA 48.3 55.2 47.2 46.8 51.2 53.5 8.9 41.3 4.4 2.1
4 SouthKorea 21.8 27.2 24.4 30.0 32.6 31.9 5.3 46.6 -2.2 7.9
5 Singapore 21.9 31.0 22.9 21.6 27.7 29.1 4.8 51.4 5.1 5.9
6 UK 24.4 28.6 24.3 23.0 23.3 22.3 3.7 55.1 -4.1 -1.8
7 NewZealand 21.7 23.3 20.6 21.2 21.6 21.2 3.5 58.6 -1.4 -0.4
8 Thailand 14.8 18.5 19.1 19.8 18.4 18.4 3.0 61.7 0.0 4.5
9 Malaysia 12.9 15.5 13.3 15.5 16.0 17.7 2.9 64.6 10.3 6.5
10 India 13.3 19.0 20.7 22.0 20.4 17.4 2.9 67.5 -14.3 5.6
11 Germany 13.5 15.8 14.3 14.8 15.3 15.7 2.6 70.1 2.9 3.0
12 Indonesia 10.4 11.7 11.3 12.8 14.8 14.6 2.4 72.5 -0.9 7.1
13 Taiwan 11.0 13.5 10.7 12.8 13.7 12.6 2.1 74.6 -7.4 2.8
14 HongKong 7.5 8.1 7.6 7.9 7.9 7.5 1.2 75.9 -4.4 0.0
15 Italy 7.4 8.3 7.0 7.3 7.7 7.5 1.2 77.1 -2.6 0.3
World 453.5 558.0 502.0 548.6 598.4 604.4 100.0 1.0 5.9
APEC 308.5 383.9 346.7 387.0 428.5 435.7 72.1 1.7 7.1
ASEAN 70.9 89.4 76.3 80.2 88.3 91.7 15.2 3.8 5.3
EU 80.5 92.2 77.3 78.1 81.5 81.6 13.5 0.1 0.3
OECD 242.9 292.1 244.5 259.0 278.7 279.7 46.3 0.3 2.9
Japan
$49.8Bn
South
Korea
$21.6Bn
Australia
Thailand
Malaysia
$6.8Bn
Indonesia
$6.1Bn
NZ
$11.1Bn
Singapore
$10.3Bn
India
$14.0Bn
China
$78.9Bn
Taiwan
$8.6Bn
Credit Rating, 17 January 2013
Baa3
A3
Baa1
Aa3
Aaa
AustraliaisaPartnerforGrowthinAsia
OfAustraliastop12exportofgoodsandservicesmarketsin2012,10werefromtheAsianregion
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Cat. No. 5368.0 International Trade in Goods and Services, Tables 14a; ABS Cat No. 5368055004 International Trade in
Services by Country, by State and by Detailed Services Category, Calendar Year, 2012, Tables 5.13; Austrade
AustraliasgoodsandservicesexportstotalledA$300billionin2012.Demandfromfast-growingAsianeconomiesChina,SouthKorea
andsomeASEANcountriesremainedstrong.Ofthetop12exportsin2012,10wereinAsia.Theircombinedvaluewasmorethan
A$213billion,makingup71percentofAustraliasoftotalexportearningsin2012.
AustraliastradingrelationshipwithAsiahasgrownanddevelopedoverthelast60years.In2011,tradewithAsiarepresentedover70
percentofAustraliastotaltwo-waymerchandisetrade.EightnationsintheAsianregionarenowtop10tradepartners,includingChina,
Japan,SouthKorea,Singapore,NewZealand,India,ThailandandMalaysia.TheUSAandtheUKroundoutthetop10.WhiletodayAustralia
ismuchmoreintegratedintradewithitsclosestneighboursinAsia,tradecontinuestogrowwiththeAmericasandEurope,andtwo-way
merchandisetradewasA$118billionin2011.
AustraliasTwo-wayMerchandiseTrade
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
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e
Asian Region
1
(RHS)
Americas & Europe (LHS)
Asian Region
1
(LHS)
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Year

1.IncludingNewZealandandotherOceaniacountries.
Sources: Department of Foreign Afairs and Trade; Australian Bureau of Statistics; Austrade
Commoditiesformthebackboneofresource-richAustralianexports,withminingandagriculturemakingupnearly75percentoftotal
merchandiseexportsin2012.Althoughmininginvestmentappearstohavepeaked,miningexportsremainstrong.Inthefveyearsto2012,
ironoreexportspostedcompoundannualgrowth(CAGR)ofjustover20percent,fuelledbystrongdemandfromChinaandothergrowth
marketsinAsia.DemandfromAsiahasalsohelpeddrivetheagriculturesectorsCAGRtoastrong15.5percentoverthefveyearsto2012.
AustraliasMerchandiseExportsbyIndustry
1
A$Billion
CAGR=CompoundAnnualGrowthRate.
MFG=Manufacturing.
1.CalendaryearendingDecember.AustralianNewZealandStandardIndustryClassifcation2006(Tradeversion).
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Cat. No. 5368.0 International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia, Table 32a. MERCHANDISE EXPORTS, Industry (ANZSIC 2006),
FOB Value (Latest issue released 07 May 2013 ); Austrade
Share% Cumulative CAGR%
Rank ExportsbyIndustry 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 %Share 2007-12
1 MetalOreMining 26.7 40.5 38.4 60.7 76.5 66.9 27.0 27.0 20.2
2 CoalMining 20.8 46.6 39.4 43.0 46.7 41.3 16.6 43.6 14.7
3 PrimaryMetalandMetalProductMFG 34.3 36.9 31.5 33.2 34.9 33.4 13.5 57.1 -0.6
4 OilandGasExtraction 14.2 20.8 15.8 21.0 23.5 25.5 10.3 67.3 12.5
5 FoodProductMFG 13.4 15.2 14.2 14.3 15.2 16.1 6.5 73.8 3.8
6 Agriculture 6.7 9.4 10.0 9.4 13.0 13.8 5.6 79.4 15.5
7 MachineryandEquipmentMFG 10.9 11.6 10.7 10.9 11.3 11.5 4.6 84.0 1.0
8 BasicChemicalandChemicalProductMFG 7.4 7.6 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.6 3.1 87.1 0.6
9 TransportEquipmentMFG 5.7 6.8 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.7 1.9 89.0 -3.9
10 PetroleumandCoalProductMFG 3.4 3.7 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.6 1.5 90.4 1.4
OtherIndustries 25.0 23.2 22.5 24.7 26.1 23.8 9.6 100.0 -1.0
Total 168.4 222.3 196.6 231.1 261.7 248.0 100.0 8.1
Australiaisatopglobaldestinationforforeigndirectinvestment(FDI),withtotalinwardFDIstockup8.6percentin2012toarecord
A$549.6billion.TheUSandUKremainthemostdominantdirectinvestors,makingupacombined40percentofAustraliasFDIstock.
However,majorAsiannationshavebeenfast-growingsourcesofdirectinvestment,withJapanup13percentover2012,Singapore19per
cent,andChina16percent.
StockofForeignDirectInvestmentinAustraliabyEconomy
A$Billion
CAGR=CompoundAnnualGrowthRatefrom2007to2012,exceptChinafrom2008to2012;np=notavailableforpublicationbutincludedintotalswhereapplicable,unless
otherwiseindicated;na=notapplicable
Sources: Australian Bureau of Statistics Cat. No. 5352.0 International Investment Position, Australia: Supplementary Statistics, 2012 (Released 2 May 2013); Table 2. Foreign
Investment in Australia: Level of Investment by Country and Country Groups by type of investment and year; Austrade
%CAGR Change%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % share 2007-12 2011-12
1 USA 100.9 99.9 98.2 112.1 117.8 131.3 23.9 11.4 5.4
2 UK 62.4 59.6 61.5 54.9 70.2 79.4 14.4 13.1 4.9
3 Japan 31.1 36.7 45.6 51.1 54.1 61.2 11.1 13.1 14.5
4 Netherlands 24.8 19.2 32.4 30.1 32.9 32.3 5.9 -1.8 5.4
5 Singapore 14.2 10.4 16.7 18.8 20.0 23.8 4.3 19.2 10.9
6 Switzerland 16.4 19.5 17.8 20.9 22.9 22.5 4.1 -1.6 6.6
7 Canada 7.2 7.3 12.2 14.9 19.0 21.2 3.9 11.8 24.0
8 VirginIslands,British np np np np np 19.2 3.5 na na
9 China np 3.6 9.1 12.9 14.4 16.7 3.0 16.2 46.4
10 Germany 19.8 15.5 18.1 16.8 14.1 13.6 2.5 -3.4 -7.2
11 France 12.6 12.9 13.0 13.0 7.2 7.6 1.4 5.4 -9.7
12 Hong Kong 7.2 9.1 5.4 6.6 7.6 7.3 1.3 -3.9 0.2
13 Bermuda 5.6 5.8 9.7 7.9 6.3 6.4 1.2 1.5 3.0
14 Belgium 2.9 5.2 5.6 6.2 6.2 6.1 1.1 -2.6 16.0
15 Malaysia np np 4.5 3.7 np 5.7 1.0 na na
16 NewZealand 7.8 5.6 6.2 6.4 5.3 4.3 0.8 -19.3 -11.3
17 Luxembourg np np 3.2 1.5 3.4 4.3 0.8 24.5 na
18 SouthKorea np 1.0 1.3 2.1 np 2.1 0.4 na na
19 Sweden 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.6 0.3 4.1 -0.9
20 India np 0.1 np np np 1.3 0.2 na na
Totalalleconomies 396.9 396.0 441.2 472.6 506.1 549.6 100.0 8.6 6.7
OECD 302.6 299.3 328.9 346.3 367.9 398.3 72.5 8.3 5.6
APEC 174.0 179.8 200.7 233.0 249.4 276.4 50.3 10.8 9.7
EU 136.0 127.7 146.3 137.7 145.8 155.5 28.3 6.7 2.7
ASEAN 17.7 16.1 22.1 25.9 28.1 32.5 5.9 16.0 12.9
TotalUnspecifed 23.7 23.0 24.3 27.5 30.8 34.5 6.3 12.0 7.8
Australiawasthethirteenthlargestrecipientofinwardforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)intheworldfor2011.ItsglobalshareofFDI,measured
inUS$,remainedat2.4percentin2011.UNCTADsWorld Investment Report 2012showsthatFDIintoAustraliawasaboutUS$500billionin
2011,upfromUS$122billionin2001.Thisrepresenteda15percentannualcompoundgrowthrateoverthepastdecade.Asapercentageof
GDP,FDIinAustraliarosetoalmost33percentin2011from31percentadecadeagoonthebackofcontinuedstrongeconomicexpansion.
ForeignDirectInvestment:InwardStockbyEconomy
Source: United Nations Conference Trade and Development (UNCTAD), FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics), Web tables 3 and 7; Austrade
FDIStock(US$Billion) FDIasa%ofGDP FDIStock%MarketShare %CAGR
Economy 2001 2010 2011 2001 2010 2011 2001 2010 2011 2001to2011
World 7,478 19,907 20,438 22.8 31.6 28.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.6
USA 2,560 3,397 3,509 24.8 23.4 23.2 34.2 17.1 17.2 3.2
UK 507 1,163 1,199 34.5 51.6 49.8 6.8 5.8 5.9 9.0
HongKong 419 1,090 1,138 251.7 485.6 467.3 5.6 5.5 5.6 10.5
France 384 1,046 964 28.7 40.8 34.7 5.1 5.3 4.7 9.6
Germany 272 698 714 14.5 21.3 20.0 3.6 3.5 3.5 10.1
China 203 588 712 15.4 10.2 10.1 2.7 3.0 3.5 13.4
Brazil 122 675 670 22.0 32.3 27.7 1.6 3.4 3.3 18.6
Spain 177 641 635 29.1 45.5 42.1 2.4 3.2 3.1 13.6
Canada 214 585 595 29.9 37.1 34.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 10.8
Netherlands 283 593 589 70.6 76.1 70.2 3.8 3.0 2.9 7.6
Switzerland 89 559 583 34.5 104.9 90.6 1.2 2.8 2.9 20.7
Singapore 128 461 519 146.2 207.2 203.8 1.7 2.3 2.5 15.0
Australia 122 497 500 31.1 39.1 32.8 1.6 2.5 2.4 15.1
Russia 53 491 457 17.3 33.1 24.8 0.7 2.5 2.2 24.1
Italy 115 332 333 10.3 16.2 15.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 11.2
Mexico 142 330 302 20.8 32.0 26.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 7.9
Japan 50 215 226 1.2 3.9 3.9 0.7 1.1 1.1 16.2
India 20 205 202 4.1 11.9 10.4 0.3 1.0 1.0 26.2
Indonesia 15 154 173 9.5 21.8 20.5 0.2 0.8 0.8 27.5
Thailand 33 137 140 28.8 43.0 40.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 15.4
SouthKorea 53 127 132 10.5 12.5 11.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 9.5
Malaysia 34 102 115 36.6 42.7 41.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 12.9
UAE 2 78 85 2.2 26.1 23.7 0.0 0.4 0.4 43.8
NewZealand 21 71 74 39.1 49.9 45.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 13.5
Vietnam 23 65 73 70.4 62.9 60.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 12.2
Taiwan 35 64 56 11.8 14.9 12.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 4.9
Philippines 10 26 28 13.6 13.2 12.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 10.3
Frankfurt
New York
5
8
11
6
Perth Sydney

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k
Australiabridgestheworldsmajortimezones,ofering24-houraccessforglobalorganisations.AustraliansstartworkbeforetheirUS
colleaguesgohome;theyhaveanearlierstartthantheircolleaguesinChina,India,Japan,andSingapore;andtheyendtheirworkingdayas
colleaguesinEuropeandtheUKstarttheirs.
TimeZoneAdvantage
Index of Economic Freedom World Ranking 39
Key Indicators of Doing Business 40
Business Efciency and Environment 41
Worldwide Governance Indicators 42
Global Real Estate Transparency Composite Index 43
Financial Development Index 2012 Global Ranking 44
by Economy
Assets of Australian Financial Institutions 45
Global Signifcance of Australias Investment Fund 46
Assets Pool
Australias Financial Markets Annual Turnover 47
Size of Key Stock Markets in the Asian Region 48
International and Domestic Debt Securities 49
Amount Outstanding
SECTION 5
Business
Doing business in Australia is easy. With one of the
worlds most transparent and well-regulated business
environments, Australia ofers political stability and a
regulatory framework that provides confdence and
security, while avoiding time-consuming processes.
Australia has a sophisticated fnancial sector that
provides access to one of the worlds largest pools of
investment funds under management and the regions
third largest pool of bank assets.
More than 18,000 foreign companies are registered
in Australia, including 18 of the Top 20 FT Global 500
companies and 8 of the Top 10 Fortune 100.
BUSINESS
Section 5 Business > 39
Australiaranksthirdinthe2013 Index of Economic Freedom,apositionithasheldforthepastfveyears.Theindexisjointlycompiledby
The Wall Street JournalandWashington-basedthinktankTheHeritageFoundation.Itmeasuresfreedomsrangingfrompropertyrightsto
entrepreneurshipin185countries.Australiasstrongcommitmenttoeconomicfreedomhasresultedinapolicyframeworkthatencourages
impressiveeconomicresilience,TheHeritageFoundationsaidinitscountryreportonAustralia.
IndexofEconomicFreedomWorldRanking
1
2013
Thehigherthescore,thebettertheranking
Economic Freedom Score
80 to 100 Free
70 to 79.9 Mostly Free
60 to 69.9 Moderately Free
50 to 59.9 Mostly Unfree
0 to 49.9 Repressed

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. Vietnam (140)
China (136)
India (119)
Indonesia (108)
Brazil (100)
Philippines (97)
Italy (83)
France (62)
Thailand (61)
Malaysia (56)
Spain (46)
South Korea (34)
UAE (28)
Japan (24)
Taiwan (20)
Germany (19)
Netherlands (17)
UK (14)
Ireland (11)
USA (10)
Denmark (9)
Mauritius (8)
Chile (7)
Canada (6)
Switzerland (5)
New Zealand (4)
Australia (3)
Singapore (2)
Hong Kong (1)
1.The 2013 Index of Economic Freedomcovers185economiesandmeasures10separatecomponentsofeconomicfreedom(BusinessFreedom,TradeFreedom,Fiscal
Freedom,GovernmentSpending,MonetaryFreedom,InvestmentFreedom,FinancialFreedom,PropertyRights,FreedomfromCorruptionandLabourFreedom).The10
componentscoresareequallyweightedandaveragedtogetanoveralleconomicfreedomscoreforeacheconomy.Thenumberinbracketsinthechartindicatesthe
countrysworldranking.
Sources: The Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation, 2013 Index of Economic Freedom; Austrade
Australiaremainsoneoftheworldseasiestplacestodobusiness,accordingtothe2013WorldBankIFCDoing Businessreport.Australia
ranks10thof185economiesoveralland4thinacomparisonofeconomieswithalargepopulation.Australiawasratedsecond(afterNew
Zealand)intermsofthenumberofdaysneededtostartabusiness.ThestrengthofAustraliaslegalrightsindexwassuperior(10outof10),
whilecreditinformationwasdeep,withanindexof5outof6.Privatecreditbureaucoveragewasamongthehighestat100percentofthe
adultpopulation.
KeyIndicatorsofDoingBusiness2013
NA=NotApplicable
1.Economiesarerankedontheireaseofdoingbusiness,from1to185.Ahighrankingontheeaseofdoingbusinessindexmeanstheregulatoryenvironmentismore
conducivetothestartingandoperationofalocalfrm.Thisindexaveragesthecountryspercentilerankingson10topics,madeupofavarietyofindicators,givingequal
weighttoeachtopic.TherankingsforalleconomiesarebenchmarkedtoJune2012.
Sources: The World Bank and International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2013: Smarter Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (released 23 October
2012); Austrade

StartingaBusiness
GettingCredit
TradingAcrossBorders
EnforcingContracts
ResolvingInsolvency
East OECD
Asia& High South Hong
Economy Pacifc Income Australia China India Japan UK USA Korea Kong Singapore
Procedures(number) 7 5 2 13 12 8 6 6 5 3 3
Time(days) 36 12 2 33 27 23 13 6 7 3 3
Paid-inMin.Capital 13.4 13.3 0 85.7 140.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
(%ofincomepercapita)
Strengthoflegalrightsindex(0-10) 7 7 10 6 8 7 10 9 8 10 10
Depthofcreditinformationindex(0-6) 2 5 5 4 5 6 6 6 6 5 4
Privatebureaucoverage(%ofadults) 19.2 67.4 100 0 14.9 100 100 100 100 89.4 58.3
Timetoexport(days) 21 10 9 21 16 10 7 6 7 5 5
Timetoimport(days) 22 10 8 24 20 11 6 5 7 5 4
Time(days) 522 510 395 406 1,420 360 399 370 230 360 150
Cost(%ofclaim) 48.6 20.1 21.8 11.1 39.6 32.2 25.9 14.4 10.3 21.2 25.8
Time(years) 2.9 1.7 1 1.7 4.3 0.6 1 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.8
Recoveryrate(centsonthedollar) 34.7 70.6 80.8 35.7 26.0 92.8 88.6 81.5 81.8 81.2 91.3
Outof185Economies
1
NA NA 10 91 132 24 7 4 8 2 1
Outof62Economieswith NA NA 4 27 43 11 2 1 3 NA NA
LargePopulation
EaseofDoingBusiness
OverallRanking
Australiahasoneoftheworldsstrongest,mostefcientregulatoryenvironmentsandisamongthemostbusiness-friendlyeconomies,
accordingtokeyglobalcompetitivenessreports.Australiarankshighlyintermsofeaseofsettingupabusinessandthesoundnessofits
banks.AccordingtotheSwiss-basedInstituteforManagementDevelopment,Australiahasthelowestfnancialriskfactorintheworldand
thesecondstrongestfnancialregulatorysystem.
BusinessEfciencyandEnvironment
Sources: (a) World Economic Forum, Switzerland and Harvard University, Global Competitiveness Report 2012-13 (Updated: September 2012, 144 economies); (b) Institute for
Management Development (IMD), Switzerland, World Competitiveness Online (1995-2013) (Updated: May 2013, 60 economies); Austrade
South Hong
Australia USA UK China Japan Korea India Kong Singapore
GlobalCompetitivenessReport2012-13Ranking
(a)
in:
No.ProcedurestoStartaBusiness 3 =47 =47 134 87 29 121 =8 =8
EfcacyofCorporateBoards 4 23 15 91 24 121 75 28 3
SoundnessofBanks 5 80 97 71 63 98 38 7 8
IntensityofLocalCompetition 6 18 5 37 2 11 34 9 21
PrevalenceofTradeBarriers 6 50 13 79 115 92 78 4 3
RegulationofSecuritiesExchanges 7 39 27 58 41 80 28 9 3
PrevalenceofForeignOwnership 8 51 4 99 90 91 84 5 3
StrengthofAuditingandReportingStandards 8 37 13 72 39 75 44 10 5
WorldCompetitivenessYearbook2013Ranking
(b)
in:
FinanceFinancialRiskFactor 1 33 44 45 24 42 25 12 5
FinanceFinanceandBankingRegulation 2 31 41 46 30 43 26 4 3
ManagementPracticesCorporateBoards 3 23 34 24 39 57 27 14 1
FinanceShareholdersRights 7 16 21 54 47 51 44 30 6
FinanceCorporateDebt 8 7 24 47 19 45 28 4 14
BusinessLegislationProtectionism 8 10 11 51 30 46 36 4 19
BusinessLegislationCompetitionLegislation 8 14 15 53 9 27 45 38 11
ManagementPracticesAuditingandAccountingPractices 9 15 29 54 34 58 41 17 7
ThequalityofgovernanceinAustraliaisamongthebestintheworld.Stronggovernanceiskeytoeconomicgrowthandsecurity,providinga
drawcardformultinationalsexpandingtheirbusinessesorconsideringAustraliaasabasefromwhichtodobusinessinAsia.
WorldwideGovernanceIndicators
1
1.Countryscoresarereportedaspercentileranks,withhighervaluesindicatingbettergovernanceratings.Percentileranksindicatethepercentageofcountriesworldwide
thatscorebelowthatcountry.Thereare215countriesoreconomiessurveyedinthereport.Thesixaggregateindicatorsarebasedon30underlyingdatasources
reportingtheperceptionsofgovernanceofalargenumberofsurveyrespondentsandexpertassessmentsworldwide.
Sources: The World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators 2012 Update; Austrade
PoliticalStability
Government Controlof Rule Voiceand Regulatory &Absenceof
Country Efectiveness Corruption ofLaw Accountability Quality Violence/Terrorism
NewZealand 98.1 99.5 98.6 96.7 99.5 97.2
Finland 100.0 98.6 100.0 97.2 96.2 97.6
Sweden 98.6 99.1 99.5 98.6 97.6 92.5
Denmark 99.5 100.0 99.1 99.1 100.0 86.8
Luxembourg 94.8 98.1 96.7 98.1 98.6 94.8
Norway 96.2 97.2 98.1 99.5 91.0 96.7
Switzerland 97.6 95.7 95.3 100.0 94.8 92.9
Netherlands 96.7 97.6 97.7 96.2 98.1 88.7
Canada 97.2 95.3 94.8 94.8 95.7 85.4
Australia 95.3 96.7 96.2 95.3 96.7 73.6
Ireland 89.1 91.0 95.8 93.0 95.3 82.5
Germany 91.9 92.9 91.5 92.5 92.9 72.6
UK 92.4 91.5 92.5 92.0 94.3 60.4
HongKong 94.3 94.3 90.6 64.8 99.1 77.8
Singapore 99.1 96.2 93.4 42.7 97.2 90.1
France 88.2 90.5 90.1 88.7 82.5 67.5
USA 88.6 85.3 91.1 85.9 91.9 63.7
Japan 87.7 90.0 86.9 77.9 78.2 79.2
Taiwan 83.4 77.7 82.6 74.2 84.4 76.4
Spain 82.0 81.0 85.9 84.0 82.0 50.9
SouthKorea 86.3 70.1 80.8 68.5 79.1 55.2
Italy 66.4 57.3 63.4 74.6 75.4 65.6
UAE 77.7 82.5 65.3 20.2 63.0 77.4
Malaysia 81.0 57.8 66.2 33.8 74.4 52.4
Brazil 55.5 63.0 55.4 63.8 55.9 46.2
Thailand 59.7 43.6 48.8 33.3 56.4 16.5
India 54.5 35.1 52.6 59.2 40.3 12.7
Indonesia 46.9 28.4 30.5 46.9 41.7 21.2
Philippines 55.9 22.7 34.7 48.8 43.6 9.0
Vietnam 45.0 33.6 39.9 8.5 29.4 52.8
China 60.7 30.3 41.8 4.7 45.5 25.0
Australiarankedasthethirdmosttransparentrealestatemarketin2012,aftertheUSandtheUK.Thishighrankingisamajordrawcard
inattractingglobalrealestateinvestors,corporateoccupiers,retailersandhoteloperatorstransacting,owningandoperatinginAustralian
markets.AustraliacompareswellwithotherlocationsintheAsianregion.
GlobalRealEstateTransparencyCompositeIndex
1
2012
1.TheIndexincludesfvesub-indices:Performance Measurement, Market Fundamentals, Governance of Listed Vehicles, Regulatory and Legal, and Transaction.
Sources: Jones Lang LaSalle, LaSalle Investment Management, Global Real Estate Transparency Index, Global Foresight Series 2012
0
1
2
3
4
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A

(
1
)
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A
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(
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e
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(
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C
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6
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F
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7
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9
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(
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(
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(
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(
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The World Economic Forums The Financial Development Report 2012 ranked Australia ffth of 62 of the worlds leading fnancial systems
and capital markets, ahead of Canada, Japan, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany and France. Australia was also rated ffth in terms of
non-banking fnancial services and achieved solid scores in overall fnancial access (sixth), banking services (seventh), fnancial markets
(eighth) and fnancial stability (ninth).
Financial Development Index 2012 Global Ranking by Economy
Sources: World Economic Forum, The Financial Development Report 2012 (released 31 October 2012); Austrade
Non-banking Banking
OVERALL Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Institutional
INDEX Access Access Services Markets Stability Environment Environment
Hong Kong 1 10 4 1 4 8 2 9
USA 2 1 5 21 1 38 13 13
UK 3 3 12 2 2 43 8 2
Singapore 4 12 14 10 3 3 1 1
Australia 5 5 6 7 8 9 12 18
Canada 6 7 2 13 10 13 9 6
Japan 7 6 27 3 5 19 19 15
Switzerland 8 15 24 16 7 2 6 12
Netherlands 9 13 13 4 17 16 7 7
Sweden 10 32 1 8 15 25 10 4
Germany 11 16 16 12 13 18 11 10
France 14 17 11 19 11 42 22 17
South Korea 15 2 22 20 14 44 42 34
Malaysia 18 14 28 11 24 10 25 21
Spain 19 18 20 5 9 55 28 24
China 23 4 41 17 21 20 47 35
UAE 26 48 21 31 47 4 20 23
Italy 30 24 33 29 18 51 29 32
Brazil 32 11 32 36 32 24 49 46
Thailand 34 42 25 28 33 34 45 33
India 40 9 45 45 28 46 55 56
Philippines 49 21 53 49 34 47 54 39
Indonesia 50 23 54 53 54 35 53 51
Vietnam 52 51 43 32 37 56 56 53
AustraliasmaturefnancialservicessectorhasassetsofnearlyA$5.6trillionnearlyfourtimesnominalGDPandisstillgrowing.This
refectsthesophisticationanddepthofthecountrysfnancialmarketswhichhavebenefttedfrom22yearsofuninterruptedeconomic
growth,soundeconomicmanagement,stronglegalandregulatorysystemsandaprogressive,business-friendlyclimate.
AssetsofAustralianFinancialInstitutions
A$Billion
AssetsofFundsUnderManagement(FUM)
AuthorisedDeposit-taking
Institutions
2
and TotalLife Other Other
AllFinancial ReserveBank RegisteredFinancial Ofcesand Managed Financial
Attheendof Systems(AFS)
1
(RBA) Corporations TotalFUM Superannuation Funds
3
Institutions
4
Dec-1992 822 34 484 265 195 70 39
Dec-2002 2,279 62 1,204 807 481 327 205
Dec-2012 5,590 96 3,182 2,024 1,327 697 288
%ofAFSAssets 100.0 1.7 56.9 36.2 23.7 12.5 5.1
%ofNominalGDP 375.6 6.4 213.8 136.0 89.2 46.8 19.3
%CAGRSince1992 10.1 5.3 9.9 10.7 10.1 12.2 10.5
RBA=ReserveBankofAustralia.
Note:TheUS$/A$exchangeratewasUS$1.0384asat31December2012(sourcedfromRBAstatistics);thenominalvalueofAustraliasGDPintheyeartoDecember2012was
A$1,488billion.
1. Thesummaynotbeaccurateduetoroundingerrors.
2.Thecombinedassetsofbanks,buildingsocietiesandcreditunions.
3.Thecombinedassetsofpublicunittrusts,cashmanagementtrusts,commonfundsandfriendlysocieties,fundsmanagedbyAustralianinvestmentmanagersonbehalfof
Australianentitiesotherthancollectiveinvestmentinstitutions,andoverseasinvestors.
4.Thecombinedassetsofgeneralinsuranceofcesandsecuritisationvehicles.
Sources: Reserve Bank of Australia Statistics, B1 Assets of Financial Institutions (data updated 03 Jun 2013); RBA Statistics, B18 Managed Funds (data updated 31 May
2013); Australia Bureau of Statistics Cat. No. 5260.0 Australian National Accounts (released 5 Jun 2013)
Australiaspooloffundsundermanagement(FUM)isthethirdlargestintheworldandthelargestinAsia,accordingtotheInvestment
CompanyInstitutesWorldwide Mutual Fund Assets and Flowsdata.TheglobalsignifcanceofAustraliasFUMandthematurityofitsfunds
industryunderscoreitspotentialtodevelopasaregionalfundmanagementcentre.
GlobalSignifcanceofAustraliasInvestmentFundAssetsPool
InvestmentFundAssets
1
,US$,DecemberQuarter2012
$342bn
$235bn
$157bn
$1,667bn
$1,979bn
2
AUSTRALIA
ASIA
Current
Va|ue
Largest
In AsIa
Austra|Ia
Austra|Ias
Projected Growth
bn
Taiwan
bn
India
bn
New
Zealand
bn
South
Korea
bn
China Hong
Kong
,bn
Singapore
bn
Japan
1990
1995
2000
$700bn
2005
$1,456bn
2010
2015
,bn
GLOBAL
Austra|Ia
bn
Japan Brazil Ireland
bn
Canada
$989bn
UK
,bn
$967bn
,bn
Singapore
,bn
,bn
France
,bn
Luxembourg
,bn
USA Hong Kong
,bn
3rd Largest
In the
Wor|d
Note:Circlesarenottoscale.Databetweencountriesisnotstrictlycomparable.
1. Referstohomedomiciledfunds,exceptHongKongandNewZealand,whichincludehomeandforeign-domiciledfunds.Fundsoffundsarenotincluded,exceptforFrance,
Germany,Italy,andLuxembourg.Inthisstatisticalreleaseinvestmentfundreferstoapubliclyofered,open-endfundinvestingintransferablesecuritiesandmoney
marketfunds.ItisequivalenttomutualfundintheUSandUCITS(UndertakingsfortheCollectiveInvestmentofTransferableSecurities)intheEuropeanFundandAsset
ManagementAssociationsstatisticsontheEuropeaninvestmentfundindustry.AustraliasinvestmentfundsintheICIsurveyonlyincludeconsolidatedassetsofcollective
investmentinstitutions.
2.Standard&PoorsInvestmentConsultinghaveassumed:A$1=US$0.80.
Sources: Investment Company Institute, Worldwide Mutual Fund Assets and Flows, Fourth Quarter 2012 (released 5 April 2013); Hong Kongs data (Non-REIT fund
management business), sourced from Securities and Futures Commission, Fund Management Activities Survey 2011 (released July 2012); Singapores data sourced from
Monetary Authority of Singapore, 2011 Singapore Asset Management Industry Survey (released June 2012); the projected fgures of Australias investment fund assets were
provided by Standard & Poors Investment Consulting; Austrade
Aftersurgingapproximately23percentin2010-11,Australianfnancialmarkets(over-the-counterandexchange-traded)turnovereased
slightlyby1.6percenttoA$125trillionin2011-12.Thetotalmarketannualturnoverin2011-12wasmorethandoublethatof10yearsago,
refectingmanyyearsofinnovationanddevelopment,whichhasunderlinedtherapidgrowthinthedepthandsophisticationofAustralias
fnancialmarkets.
AustraliasFinancialMarketsAnnualTurnover
Sources: Australian Financial Markets Association, 2012 Australian Financial Markets Report; Austrade

0
30
60
90
120
150
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
OTC Markets Foreign Exchange OTC Markets Other Exchange-Traded Markets
22
17
12
26
16
14
34
19
18
34
26
24
42
19
29
47
24
40
46
26
44
44
26
29
41
26
36
45
40
36
48
33
50
A
$

T
r
i
l
l
i
o
n
AustraliaishometothelargestliquidstockmarketintheAsia-PacifcregionoutsideJapanandtheeighthlargestintheworld.Exceeding
US$1trillion,Australiasmarketcapitalisationoffree-foatingsharesisabout30percentgreaterthanChinasUS$871billion,morethan
doubleHongKongsUS$459billionand4.5timesgreaterthanSingaporesUS$249billion.
SizeofKeyStockMarketsintheAsianRegion
MarketCapitalisationofFree-FloatingStocks(US$Billion,31May2013)
Note: Thenumberinbracketsistheworldrankingofeachcountryoreconomy(outof46).Standard&Poorscapitalisation-weightedindicesarefoatadjusted.Underfoat
adjustment,thesharecountsusedincalculatingtheindicesrefectonlythosesharesavailabletoinvestorsratherthanallofacompanysoutstandingshares.
Floatadjustmentexcludessharesthatarecloselyheldbycontrolgroups,otherpubliclytradedcompaniesorgovernmentagencies.
Sources: Standard & Poors, S&P Dow Jones Indices World-By-Numbers: May 2013; Austrade
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1,200
Australia
(8)
China
(9)
SouthKorea
(10)
Taiwan
(11)
Hong
Kong(13)
lndia
(17)
Singapore
(21)
Malaysia
(24)
lndonesia
(26)
Thailand
(28)
Philippines
(33)
New
Zealand(39)
U
S
$

B
i
l
l
i
o
n
USA |1 17,979
Japan |2 3,281
UK |3 2918
Canada |4 1,478
France |5 1,223
Switzerland |6 1,141
Germany |7 1,120
Australia |8 1,111
Global,
,
871
716
565
459
337
249
160
154
140
74
31
Australiaofersinternationalissuersandinvestorsoneofthelargest,mostsophisticateddebtsecuritiesmarketsinAsia.Thesemarkets
havedevelopedovermanyyears,mainlyinresponsetotheneedsofalarge,diversedomesticeconomy.TheAustralianGovernmenthas
underpinnedthisdevelopmentwithitsongoingcommitmenttoderegulationanditsfocusonaworld-classfnancialregulatoryregime.
AustraliasdebtsecuritiesmarketremainsthethirdlargestinAsiawithtotalamountsoutstandingofUS$2trillion,behindJapans
US$14.6trillionandChinasUS$3.8trillion.
InternationalandDomesticDebtSecuritiesAmountOutstanding
ResidenceofIssuer,US$Billion
1. HongKongdomesticdebtamountoutstandingdatarepresentsMarch2012.
Sources: Bank for International Settlements, Quarterly Review, June Review, Table 11 and Table 16A; Austrade
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
China Austra|Ia South
Korea
India Taiwan Malaysia Hong
Kong
1
Singapore Thailand Indonesia Philippines New
Zealand
,
1,428
595
,
311
Domestic Debt Securities (Dec 2012) International Debt Securities (Dec 2012)

Japan ,
U
S
$

B
I
|
|
I
o
n
ABN 11 764 698 227
Date: June 2013
ISBN: 978-0-9807059-7-3
DISCLAIMER
This report has been prepared as a general overview. It is not intended
to provide an exhaustive coverage of the topic. The information
is made available on the understanding that the Australian Trade
Commission (Austrade) is not providing professional advice. Therefore,
while all care has been taken in the preparation of this report, Austrade
does not accept responsibility for any losses sufered by persons
relying on the information contained in this report or arising from any
error or omission in the report. Any person relying on this information
does so entirely at their own discretion and Austrade strongly
recommends the reader obtain independent professional advice prior
to acting on this information.
Austrade assumes no responsibility for any company, product or
service mentioned in this document, for any materials provided in
relation to such products, nor for any act or omission of any business
connected with such products. Investors should always consider
whether an investment is appropriate for their needs and seek out
independent advice as appropriate.
The Australian Trade Commission Austrade
is the Australian Governments trade,
investment and education promotion agency.
Through a global network of ofces, Austrade assists Australian
companies to grow their international business, attracts
productive foreign direct investment into Australia, and
promotes Australias education sector internationally.
www.austrade.gov.au/invest

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