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Joseph Carlebach - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

JosephCarlebach
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

JosephHirsch(Tzvi)Carlebach(Karlebach)(January30,1883,Lbeck,GermanEmpireMarch26, 1942,Biernieckiforest,nearRiga,Latvia)wasanOrthodoxrabbiandJewishGermanscholarandnatural scientist(Naturwissenschaftler).

Contents
1Earlylifeandfamily 2Educationandearlycareer 3WorldWarIservice 4PersecutionunderNaziregime 5Memorials 6Works 7Notes 8Externallinks

Earlylifeandfamily
CarlebachwastheeighthchildofEstherAdler(18531920),thedaughteroftheformerrabbiofLbeck, RabbiAlexanderSussmannAdler(18161869),andLbeck'sthenRabbiSalomonCarlebach(18451919). In1919JosephCarlebachandhisformerpupilCharlottePreuss(19001942)married.Theyhadnine children.

Educationandearlycareer
JosephCarlebachbecamerabbi,likemanyofhisbrothers,towitDavidCarlebach,EmanuelCarlebach(rabbi inMemelandCologne),HartwigNaftaliCarlebach(rabbiinBerlin,BadennearViennaandNewYork),and EphraimCarlebach(rabbiinLeipzig).JosephCarlebachcompletedextensivestudiesinnaturalsciences. From1901onhestudiedatFriedrichWilhelmsUniversittinBerlinnaturalsciences,mathematics, astronomy,philosophyandhistoryofart.ThequantumphysicistMaxPlanckandthephilosopherWilhelm Dilthey(hermeneutics)wereamonghisteachers.In1908hegraduatedashighschoolteacher(Oberlehrer Examen)ofnaturalsciences(atsummacumlaude).InthesametimeCarlebachattendedtheorthodox RabbinicalSeminaryinBerlin.In1905to1907CarlebachinterruptedhisstudiesinGermanyandtaughtat theLmelSchoolinJerusalem.ThereCarlebachlearnedtoknowanumberofexcellentrabbis. In1909Carlebachpasseddegreesinmathematics,physicsandHebrewatRuprechtKarlsUniversittin Heidelberg.TherehealsodidhisdoctorateonthemathematicianLevibenGershon(LewibenGersonals Mathematiker).CarlebachgainedacademicreputationbybooksonLevibenGershonaswellasonAlbert Einstein'srelativitytheoryin1912.From1910to1914Carlebachfinishedhisstudiesattherabbinical seminaryunderrabbiDavidHoffmann.In1914Carlebachwasordainedrabbi.
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WorldWarIservice
DuringWorldWarICarlebachservedintheimperialGermanArmy,atthebeginningastelegraphist.In1915 hewasassignedaseducatorafterrecommendationbyhisbrotherinlawLeopoldRosenak,aGermanArmy FieldRabbiactiveinpromotingGermancultureamongtheJewsinLithuaniaandPolandduringtheGerman occupation(19151918).ErichLudendorff'sintentionwastoevokeproGermanattitudesamongJewsand otherPolesandLithuanians,inordertopreparetheinstallationofaPolishandaLithuanianstatedependent onGermany.PartoftheeffortwastheestablishmentofJewishnewspapers(e.g.thefolkistWarszawer Togblat,),ofJewishorganisations(e.g.Joseph'sbrotherGermanArmyFieldRabbi EmanuelCarlebach(*18741927*)initiatedinomathefoundationofthehassidicumbrellaorganisation AgudasYisroelofPoland,partofanonZionistmovementfoundedinGermanyin1912)andofmodern educationalinstitutionsofJewishalignment.JosephCarlebachfoundedthepartlyGermanlanguage JdischesRealgymnasium(academichighschool)inKaunas(Kovnotheinterwarcapitalof Lithuania)anddirectedituntil1919.TheschoolwasbasedontheGermanTorahimDerechEretzmodel. TheschoolprovidedbothJewishandsecularstudiesbothformenandwomen(separately)andwasthemodel fortheYavnehnetworkthatCarlebachlaterfoundedincollaborationwithLeoDeutschlander.In1925 YavnehwastakenoverbyJosephLeibBloch(*18601930*),whorelocatedittoTeliai(Russ.:Telshe, Yidd.:Telz)andincorporateditintotheRabbinicalCollegeofTelshe,whichmanagedtoreestablishin 1942intheUSA.In1921CarlebachbecameheadmasteroftheTalmudTorahhighschoolinHamburg. HeservedtheJewishcommunitiesofLbeck(191922),Altona(192736)andHamburg(19361941),as chiefrabbi.TherenownedIsraelijuristHaimCohndescribedtheeffectCarlebachhadonhisstudents(aswell asillustratingCarlebach'sfairlyuniquepositionthatOrthodoxJewsmayvisitchurches): "HespentafulldaywiththeboysintheCathedralCologne,expertlyexplainingeverydetailofthe statues,theglasswindows,theornaments,andtheintricaciesoftheCatholicfaithandritualbutIwas notallowedtoparticipate,beingaCohenwhomaynotbeunderthesameroofwithacorpseorwith tombs,lesthebecomeimpureandalthough,accordingtotheletteroftheLaw,itisonlytheJewish deadthecontactwithwhomrendersimpure,andnotthenonJewishdead,stillCarlebachheldthatthe leastpossibilitythatamongthedeadburiedinthecathedralmayhavebeenapersonofJewishorigin (eventhoughultimatelyconvertedtoChristianity),sufficedtomaketheplacetabootome."[1]

PersecutionunderNaziregime
Seealso:JungfernhofconcentrationcampandDnamndeAction AfterNaziGermanybannedJewishstudentsfromattendingGermanschoolstogetherwith"Aryan"German children,RabbiCarlebachsetupanumberofschoolsthroughoutGermanytoeducateJewishchildren.His schoolsborehisnameandwereknownasCarlebachSchulen. HewasdeportedtotheNaziconcentrationcampJungfernhofbytheNazis,wherehewasmurderedon March26,1942duringthemassshootingofapproximately1600Jews,mostlyolderpeopleandchildren,that becameknownastheDnamndeAction.[2]ThisoccurredintheBiernieckiforest,nearRiga,Latvia, whichwasthesiteofnumerousothershootingsperpetratedbytheNazisandtheirLatviancollaborators,in particular,theArajsKommando.

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HiswifeandyoungerchildrenwerealsokilledduringtheHolocaust,onesonRabbiShlomoCarlebachwho becamethemashgiachruchani("spiritualsupervisor"[ofstudents])attheYeshivaRabbiChaimBerlinin Brooklyn,NewYorkCityafterthewar.HisthirddaughterProf.MiriamGillisCarlebachemigratedtoIsrael inOctober1938,shehasbeenteachingEducationandHebrewreadingatBarIlanUniversity,inRamatGan, since1973.In1992shebecametheheadoftheJosephCarlebachInstituteatBarIlanUniversityandhas dedicatedherselftoresearchingherfather'swritingsaswellasthewritingofotherJewishleadersofthesame timeperiod.[3] RabbiJosephCarlebach'swifemanagedtosendherelderchildrentoEngland,andtheysurvivedthewar.

Memorials
On18August1954JerusalemhonouredCarlebach'swork,amongothersatthe localLmelSchool,bynamingastreet,RekhovCarlebach/Karlibakh, afterhimintheneighbourhoodofTalpiot.ThememoryofJosephCarlebachwas heldingreathonorbytheCityofHamburganditsJewishcommunity.In1990 partoftheUniversityCampus,theBornplatz[1]

CommemorativetabletinHamburg AltonawithaportraitofCarlebach

(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Former_synagogue_at_Bornplatz_Hamburg),theformer locationoftheMainSynagogueofHamburgandRabbiCarlebach'slastpulpit,wasnamedastheJoseph CarlebachPlatz.Inhonorofhis120thBirthdayin2003,theJosephCarlebachPreis(JosephCarlebach prize)forJewishstudieswasestablished,awardedeverytwoyears,bytheStateUniversityofHamburg.

Works
Carlebach,Joseph.DiedreigrossenProphetenJesajas,JirmijaundJecheskeleineStudie.Pp.133. FrankfurtamMain:HermonVerlag,1932 Carlebach,Joseph.Lestroisgrandsprophetes,Isaie,Jeremie,Ezechiel.Traduitdel'allemandpar HenriSchilli.Pp.141.Paris:EditionsA.Michel,1959
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Carlebach,Joseph.ModernepaedagogischeBestrebungenundihreBeziehungenzumJudentum. Pp.19.Berlin,HebraeischerVerlag"Menorah",1925 Carlebach,Joseph.MikhtavimmiYerushalayim(19051906):EretsYi'sra'elbereshithame'ahbe `enemorehtsa`ir,ma'skildatimiGermanyah.(Ed.andtransl.MiryamGilisKarlibakh).Pp.141,ill. RamatGan:Orah,mipirsumeMekhonYosefKarlibakhYerushalayim:Ariel,c1996 Carlebach,Joseph.AusgewaehlteSchriftenmiteinemVorwortvonHaimH.Cohnherausgegebenvon MiriamGillisCarlebach.2vols.HildesheimNewYork:G.OlmsVerlag,1982 Carlebach,Joseph.LewibenGersonalsMathematikereinBeitragzurGeschichtederMathematikbei denJuden.VonDr.phil.238,[2].Berlin:L.Lamm,1910 Carlebach,Joseph.DasgesetzestreueJudentum.Pp.53.Berlin:ImSchockenVerlag,1936. Carlebach,Joseph.JuedischerAlltagalshumanerWiderstand:DokumentedesHamburger OberrabinersDr.JosephCarlebachausdenJahren19391942.Ed.MiriamGillisCarlebach.Pp.118, ill.Hamburg:VerlagVereinfuerHamburgischeGeschichte,1990 GerhardPaulMiriamGillisCarlebach(Eds.).MenoraundHakenkreuz:zurGeschichtederJudenin undausSchleswigHolstein,LuebeckundAltona(19181998).Pp.943,ill.Neumuenster:Wachholtz Verlag,1998

Notes
1. ^HaimH.Cohn,JosephCarlebach,LeoBaeckInstituteYearBook5(1960),66. 2. ^ (German)SabineNiemann(Redaktion): DieCarlebachs,eineRabbinerfamilieausDeutschland,Ephraim CarlebachStiftung(Hrsg).DllingundGalitz.Hamburg1995,S.83. 3. ^ (German)SabineNiemann(Redaktion): DieCarlebachs,eineRabbinerfamilieausDeutschland,Ephraim CarlebachStiftung(Hrsg).DllingundGalitz.Hamburg1995,S.923

Externallinks
JosephCarlebachInstitute(http://www.jci.co.il) PersonalityoftheWeekCarlebach(http://www.bh.org.il/Names/POW/Carlebach.asp)at www.bh.org.il Reviewofthebook:IshYehudi:TheLifeandtheLegacyofaTorahGreat,RavJosephTzvi Carebach(http://www.stevens.edu/golem/llevine/rsrh/carlebach/east_meets_west.pdf) JosephCarlebach(http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=62066)attheMathematics GenealogyProject Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Carlebach&oldid=586469897" Categories: Carlebachfamily 1883births 1942deaths Germanscientists GermanOrthodoxrabbis ScientistswhodiedinNaziconcentrationcamps RabbiswhodiedinNaziconcentrationcamps PeoplefromLbeck Naturalscientists GermanmilitarypersonnelofWorldWarI Jewishscientists Jungfernhofconcentrationcampvictims TheHolocaustinLatvia GermancivilianskilledinWorldWarII PeoplefromSchleswigHolsteinexecutedinNaziconcentrationcamps Thispagewaslastmodifiedon17December2013at09:47.
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