The The New New Two-Mode Two-Mode Hybrid Hybrid System System from from the the Global

Global Hybrid Hybrid Cooperation Cooperation

Dr. Dr. Andreas Andreas Truckenbrodt, Truckenbrodt, DaimlerChrysler DaimlerChrysler AG AG Mr. Mr. Larry Larry Nitz, Nitz, General General Motors Motors Corporation Corporation Dr. Dr. Wolfgang Wolfgang Epple, Epple, BMW BMW AG AG

Outline
Why Hybrids?
Hybrid Strategic Prospects From an OEM Perspective

What Hybrid?
The New Two-Mode Hybrid Technology

How to Advance the Hybrid Business?

The General Motors, DaimlerChrysler and BMW Group Hybrid Cooperation

Outlook and Perspective

Why Hybrids?
Hybrid Strategic Prospects From an OEM Perspective

Dr. Andreas Truckenbrodt, Executive Director

Why Hybrids?
Starting a new phase of hybrid commercialization

Initial Phase (1990s-2003)

Ramp Up/Volume Phase (2004- )

Hybrids Appear Why Hybrids ?

Commercialization What technologies? How to make a business?

Hybrid Prospects
KNOWNS KNOWN UNKNOWNS

Hybrid market is growing Environmental pressures will increase Ongoing hybrid competition

Hybrid market size, speed and composition Hybrid technologies Mainstream customer perspective

KNOWN:

Growing Hybrid Market

Why are people buying hybrids?

Performance Social Responsibility Fuel Economy Comfort and Quality

Hybrids are the future and Im willing to pay extra. We really need to see a lot more fuel efficient vehicles with the high cost of fuel and no indication of it lowering.
Source: HybridCars.com

KNOWN:
Emissions Recycling

Environmental Pressure and Concerns

Fuel Consumption
World Population bn 9 6
~9

bn vehicles bn 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5

World Mobility
~2.2

bn

Energy Security

Source: Prognosis UNO

Source: Downs 2002

1950 The Growing Gap 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Source: ASPO, Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas

2000

2050 t

1950

2000

2050 t

Past Discovery Future Discovery Production

Limited Resources of Crude Oil Gb/a 30 20 10

~13

Wealth and Prosperity

Gb/a

Source: ASPO 2004

1950

2000

2050 t

KNOWN:

Ongoing Competitive Pressure

Dynamic Competition Manufacturing Viable Business Case Regulations

Lexus hybrid SUV orders set record 9,000 'pre-sold' orders; customers can track birth of their car

A Hybrid With Attitude Lexus GS 450h has style, expression and brute strength, with 339 hp. Its as fast as a Porsche 911.

Ford Spends Millions to Push Hybrid-SUV Sales

Honda Working on Hybrid Fit The next hybrid to join Honda's lineup may be a gas-electric version of the new Fit subcompact.

Ford Escape Hybrid: OK, but it's no Prius Factory adds incentives, adjusts distribution

Volvo Unveils New Hybrid Technology Hybrid Vehicle Market Share Expected to Peak at 3 Percent Thirty-Eight Hybrid Vehicle Models to be Available by 2011 Toyota, Fuji Heavy to Make Camrys in Ind. Reasons to Buy a Hybrid Car They're fuel-efficient, ecofriendly, and cool to drive. Could a hybrid be right for your family?

KNOWN UNKNOWN:
Speed Composition Market Size Styles
I want full towing capacity in my hybrid.

Hybrid Market Dynamics

I want highway fuel savings, thats what I drive most.

I want the latest and greatest technology

I want more power but with better fuel economy.

I want to go farther on one tank full I hate filling up.

I want a real hybrid, with real fuel savings.

I like the quiet pollution-free e-drive experience in the city.

I want utility and cargo room without being a gas guzzler.

KNOWN UNKNOWN:
Powertrain Components Integration Next Generation
Two-Mode

Future Future Hybrid Hybrid Technologies Technologies

Competing Designs for Hybrid Powertrains Currently Exist

Basic parallel Stop/Start

One-Mode Power-split

E E E P P G P E E E

Source: McKinsey DRIVE study

Hybrid Technology Positioning

Fuel Economy Improvement Over Gasoline Powered Vehicle

Conventional Conventional Diesel Diesel

G Ga S St r as so o on olliintr ng g ne eH Hy yb br riid d
Better

M Miilld dG Ga as so olliin ne eH Hy yb br riid d

Congested City
Congested Traffic Start/Stop Driving
Speed Speed

Intraurban
Intraurban Driving
Speed

Highway
Highway/Autobahn Driving

Time Source: GM

Time

Time

KNOWN UNKNOWN:
Powertrain Components Integration Next Generation
Description
No gear required as configuration acts as electric continuous variable transmission EM must be applied with electricity, even when only the ICE is being used Toyota Prius Lexus RX 400h* ICE Planetary gear

Future Future Hybrid Hybrid Technologies Technologies

Competing designs for hybrid powertrains currently exist

Generator Electric motor Startergenerator Clutch Automatic gear Wheels

Full Power split Two-mode Basic parallel Mild Micro

Highly complex mechanical system Already in use in US buses Considered only for SUVS, trucks and luxury cars because of its large size

EM and ICE may be decoupled for efficient electric drive

Not suited for efficient electric drive since ICE cannot be decoupled

Simple layout with side-mounted starter generator (SSG) Realizable for small engines with present-day starting generators BMW Citroen

OEM (examples)
Electric motor power (kW) Voltage (V) Fuel efficiency increase (%)**

GM/DC/BMW

VW/Audi/ Porsche

Honda IMA

~ 20 (50) 150 - 450 ~ 20

~ 10 20 42 - 144 ~ 12

<5 14 ~5

* ** Source:

Additional EM for powering the rear axle ("P4") Compared to conventional ICE McKinsey DRIVE study

KNOWN UNKNOWN:
Performance Appearance Acceptance Driving Styles

Customer Perspective MAINSTREAM

Role of e-drive Leverage Price tag Vehicle segment

EARLY ADAPTORS
liked it

Strategy Facing the KNOWNS and KNOWN UNKNOWNS

Growing Hybrid Market Hybrid Market Dynamics Environmental Pressures and Concerns

T HYB w R o- ID Hybrid Competitive M T Pressure od E Technology e CH as N To OL p OG Customer Le Y Perspective ve l

n L o i DE rat O e M op SS C o E N rid I S yb U B lH ba lo G

COOPETITION

What Hybrid?
The New Two-Mode Hybrid Technology

Mr. Larry Nitz, Executive Director

Future Pathway of Propulsion Technologies

today tomorrow Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Hybrid Vehicles Alternative Fuels Improvement of Conventional Fuels Optimization of Combustion Engines

Individual Hybrid Experiences Amongst Partners

1990s

2005

1990s

2005

Parallel-Hybrid 5-Series

Serieller Hybrid 3-Series

ElectricAssist 3-Series

PowerAssist X5

BMW Concept X3 EfficientDynamics

1990s

2005

One-Mode Hybrid
Engine Battery

1
Motor A

Planetary gears split engine power One unchanging mechanical arrangement Combined motor power requirement typically exceeds engine power

Combustion Engine

Battery

Motor A

Motor B

Motor B

Power

One-Mode Hybrid + Two-Speed Motor Gearing

Engine

Battery

1
Motor A

Planetary gears split engine power and can multiply motor torque Clutches change motor ratio only

Combustion Engine

Battery

Motor A

Motor B

Motor B

Combined motor power requirement is not changed by shifting motor ratio

Power

Two-Mode Hybrid
Engine Battery

1
Motor A

Planetary gears split engine power and can multiply all torque Clutches change EVT modes smoothly

Combustion Engine

Battery

Motor A Motor

2
Motor B

Motor B Motor

Combined motor power requirement is much improved with two modes

Power

Two-Mode Hybrid + Four Fixed Mechanical Gears

Engine Battery

1
Motor A

Planetary gears split engine power and can multiply all torque Clutches activate EVT modes and fixed gear ratios

Combustion Engine

Battery

Motor

Motor

Motor
Motor B

Motors are not required to carry engine power when using fixed gear ratios

Power

How to Advance the Hybrid Business

The General Motors, DaimlerChrysler and BMW Group Hybrid Cooperation

Dr. Wolfgang Epple, Vice President

Joining Forces

Technology focused OEM Cooperations Mergers and Acquisitions

Foundation of Automotive Companies

Joining Hybrid Forces

GM-DC MoU, 13.12.2004

DC-GM-BMW MoU, 12.09.2005

Challenges of Cooperating
Analyze the total set of requirements Develop a vision of hybrid products Structure and manage a complex intercultural cooperation Make the cooperation operational and effective

Technical Requirements
Customer Fuel Economy SUV / Cross-Over Luxury Performance Light Duty Trucks

Fuel Economy Emissions

Market Specific Test Cycles US ACEA Japan

Product
Launch comfort Electric drive Shift comfort Comfort Kick-Down Noise The Cooperation etc

Technology provide a set of hardware and software components that tackles competing vehicle targets successfully.

Combination w/ ICE Acceleration 0-100km/h Customer launch Performance Over-taking Vehicle Handling Sound needs to

Address Market Introduction Challenges

Global Hybrid Cooperation

Technological Opportunities:
High level functionality High level risk management Short time to market

Business Opportunities:
Split of development efforts Reduced financial investments Economies of scale

Pool Experience on Hybrids:

Technologies, Processes, Service, etc.

Brand Requirements
Differ

rn ar Satu C ind of
ent K

Pontiac
Driving Excitement

Bey ond Pr

Buic k
eci s ion

The pin na

Rolls Ro yce cle of a

utomobil e lu

xury

Opel ro Ca kth C Fresh Thinking a h An re Am evro B e r ic an R let ev Saab

o lu tion

lac dil ugh

Future Hybrid Cooperation Products

Merced es Ben z

Dr eer Sh

W leasure BM P ing
iv

ting s most exci The world all car brand premium sm

Mini

Make Your Move

The F uture o f the A utomo The Jeep bile Life, Live it In nov at s ion Co orn me H e sS th ta n e by f i l dar b a r d G Not so Much a Name as a Philosophy

Jeep

ge Dod

Ch rys

ler

Maybach

Our technology covers a wide range of brand and product requirements.

Hybrid Development Center

GM Area

Co-Location Area

DCX, BMW Areas

Operating in Troy, Michigan since 2005 Total workforce in excess of 500 Engineers co-located by work function

Cooperation Scope
Specific Requirements

Two-Mode Hybrid System

(core components)

Vehicle Systems
(auxiliaries)

Independent Vehicle Integration and Calibration

Summary
Two-Mode Hybrid System
is a superior technology is a scalable portfolio of products for both FWD and RWD Optimizes the balance of electric motors and transmission content (smaller motors, smooth operation)
4 fixed mechanical gears increase efficiency with

no compromise to performance all the benefits of an automatic transmission

Summary
Hybrid Technology and Cooperation
We needsolutions Comfort Fuel Economy Performance Cost Cooperation Sets standards with a family of products Increases technical expertise Shares elements of costs, risks and benefits Gives us volume that leads to economy of scale

The The New New Two-Mode Two-Mode Hybrid Hybrid System System from from the the Global Global Hybrid Hybrid Cooperation Cooperation
Dr. Dr. Andreas Andreas Truckenbrodt, Truckenbrodt, DaimlerChrysler DaimlerChrysler AG AG Mr. Mr. Larry Larry Nitz, Nitz, General General Motors Motors Corporation Corporation Dr. Dr. Wolfgang Wolfgang Epple, Epple, BMW BMW AG AG