Beeps in Everyday life

ME456: Mechatronics Systems Design

Chapter 8: Frequency and Sound

Prof. Clark J. Radcliffe Mechanical Engineering Michigan State University

! All the Beeepps around you come from microcontrollers

! Your phone ! The microwave ! Your PDA !

http://www.egr.msu.edu/classes/me456/radcliff

! Your kit has an inexpensive piezoelectric (crystal) speaker

The Piezoelectric Speaker

! Low current audio device
! Best at high frequency > 2k Hz

Piezoelectric Speaker
! Lots of sizes and shapes ! Ceramic crystals deflect with charge

! = P(q)

!= mechanical strain, q = electrical charge

World s simplest wiring diagram

Reference: Piezoelectric Sound Components Application Manual, Murata Manufacturing Company, P15E6.pdf, 03.8.20

The Piezoelectric Speaker

! How does it work???
! Let s look at the system
BS2 Electronics
Electrical Power

The Piezoelectric Speaker

! Electrical Power is Potential*Current ! What s the Speaker input? ! What s the Speaker output?

Piezo Speaker

Acoustic Power

Your Ear and Mind BS2 Electronics

Acoustic Power

P = vi
Piezo Speaker
Electrical Power

Room Acoustics

1!

The Piezoelectric Speaker

! Electrical Power is Potential*Current ! What s the Speaker input? v ! What s the Speaker output? i

The Room Acoustics

! Acoustic Power is Pressure*Flowrate ! What s the Speaker input? ! What s the Speaker output?

P = vi
BS2 Electronics v i
Electrical Power

P = pQ
Piezo Speaker Piezo Speaker
Acoustic Power

Room Acoustics

The Room Acoustics

! Acoustic Power is Pressure*Flowrate ! What s the Speaker input? ! What s the Speaker output?

The Room Acoustics

! Acoustic Power is Pressure*Flowrate ! Why is the small hole there?
! An acoustic resonator amplifies Q response

P = pQ
Piezo Speaker Q p
Acoustic Power

P = pQ
Room Acoustics Piezo Speaker Q p
Acoustic Power

Room Acoustics

Piezoelectric Speaker Geometry

! Structural Bi-morph
! piezoelectric ceramic layer ! metallic plate

Piezoelectric deflection
! Piezoelectric strain deforms metallic plate ! Deflection pumps air => flowrate, Q into room
! Room acoustics respond with Pressure p output Sound

! Electric Charge => Plate Bending

2!

The speaker
Acoustics of enclosure can be predicted Helmholtz Resonator
Speaker Enclosure

Audio Response
! Small devices are not loud ! SPL varies with frequency ! They are efficient (small power required)

Piezo Element

Programming Tones
FREQOUT Pin, Duration, Freq1 {, Freq2}

More than a Square Wave

! PWM used to form analog signal level
5
PWM

Generates a high speed PWM sinewave on I/O Pin for period Duration at Frequency Freq1 (Hz) Simultaneous second tone at {, Freq2}

Sin(2"t)

Here the sampling is slow actual rate is much higher

Actual BS2 Output

Freqout 9, 10000, 1000 =>10 second, 1 Khz tone, to pin 9

10*50!sec = 0.5 msec ~ " cycle for 1 kHz tone ~25 PWM cycles

3!