I.

19th Century Marksmanship a. Timeline DATE 1807 18141816 18161825 1820 1825 1835 1840 1841 1845 1847 1849 1850 1860 1862 1863 1866 1869 1871 EVENT Percussion Cap Ignition System Copper Percussion Cap Saw handle or pistol grip for flint and percussion pistol Flints converted to percussion cap Percussion cap in general use Samuel Colts revolver Pin-fire cartridge Dreyse breech-loading needle gun: 1st gun with firing pin Double-barreled 25-inch barrel, .67-inch caliber arm issued for British Police use Mini Ball by French Army Mini Rifle Shot-gun or fowling piece Spencer Rifle Doctor Richard Gatlings gatling gun design patent The gatling gun was introduced Balls carbine: the 1st central fire repeater The 1st cartridge repeater shot-gun Center-fire cartridge was introduced The 1st cartridge revolver was introduced The 1st hammer-less gun National Rifle Association (NRA) was incorporated The 1st double-action revolver Lees box magazine design patent Smoke-less gun powder The 1st automatic pistol was created Borchardt pistol: the 1st automatic weapon with a separate magazine in the grip Bergmann pistol Mannlicher automatic pistol Up until this time, rifle bullets were blunt or round nosed The first Olympic Games Lock system Lock system Grip Lock system Lock system Cartridge Lock system Firearm Bullet Firearm Firearm Firearm Patent Firearm Firearm Firearm / Cartridge Cartridge Cartridge Lock System Association Firearm Patent Bullet Firearm Firearm Firearm Firearm Bullet Olympics

1877 1879 1884 1892 1893 1894

1896

II.

Olympics a. Timeline 1894 1896 International Olympic Committee (IOC) was founded. Athens Games was held with only 10 events namely: track and field, fencing, weightlifting, rifle and pistol shooting, tennis, cycling, swimming, gymnastics, and wrestling At the 10th IOC Session held in The Hague in May, archery was among the sports chosen for the Games of the IV Olympiad, London 1908. At the 15th IOC Session held in July in Stockholm, it was decided to divide the sports on the program into three categories: indispensable, desirable and eligible. Modern pentathlon was in the first category. At the Olympic Congress held in Prague in June, the program of the Games of the IX Olympiad, Amsterdam 1928, was discussed and adopted. Shooting was removed. Biathlon made its debut on the Olympic program with one event. At the 64th IOC Session held in Madrid in October, it was decided to increase the number of sports on the program to 21 for the Games of the XX Olympiad, Munich 1972. Archery was included in this new list. At the 66th IOC Session held in May in Teheran, it was decided that the International Shooting Union could include women in Olympic shooting teams.

1907

1912

1925

1960 1965

1967

b. Events with marksmanship (4 events) 1. Biathlon a. Basic Concept i. Cross-country skiing ii. Rifle Shooting 1. Prone 2. Standing 3. 150m penalty loop 2. Pentathlon a. Basic Concept i. Fencing ii. Freestyle Swimming iii. Show Jumping iv. Pistol Shooting 1. Point System

v. Cross-country Run 3. Shooting a. Sub-events i. 10m air pistol (60 shots) [men] ii. 10m air rifle (60 shots) [men] iii. 25m rapid fire pistol [men] iv. 50m pistol (60 shots) [men] v. 50m rifle 3 positions (3x40 shots) [men] vi. 50m rifle prone (60 shots) [men] vii. double trap (150 targets) [men] viii. skeet (125 targets) [men] ix. trap (125 targets) [men] x. 10m air pistol (40 shots) [women] xi. 10m air rifle (40 shots) [women] xii. 25m pistol (30+30 shots) [women] xiii. 50m rifle 3 positions (3x20 shots) [women] xiv. skeet (75 targets) [women] xv. trap (75 targets) [women] b. Equipment i. Air Pistol ii. Air Rifle iii. Free Pistol iv. Shotgun c. Positions i. Prone ii. Kneeling iii. Standing d. Target i. Clay Target ii. Round Target 4. Archery a. Sub-events i. individual (FITA Olympic round- 70m) [men] ii. individual (FITA Olympic round- 70m) [women] iii. team (FITA Olympic round- 70m) [men] iv. team (FITA Olympic round- 70m) [women]

III.

Lock Systems / Firing Mechanisms a. Snaplock (1540-1640) 1. History 2. Mechanism b. Matchlock i. History ii. Mechanism iii. Modern Use c. Wheellock i. History ii. Mechanism d. Flintlock i. History ii. Mechanism e. Percussion i. History ii. Mechanism f. Rotating Bolt i. History ii. Mechanism g. Experimental Electronic Types i. Mechanism

IV. a.

Rifle Users Marksman 1. History 2. Role 3. Equipment Sharpshooter 1. History 2. Role 3. Equipment Designated Marksman 1. History 2. Role 3. Equipment Sniper 1. History 2. Role 3. Equipment

b.

c.

d.

REFERENCES: http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/GUNS/GUNHIST.html http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/technique/gun-timeline/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock_(firearm)

http://www.olympic.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/marksman http://usmilitary.about.com/cs/marines/a/marmarksmen.htm