The Understandings on KWP2K Protocol and Diagnostics

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Table of Contents
1. Vehicle Diagnostics 2. KWP2000 Overview 3. KWP2000 Functionality 4. ECU Diagnostic Operation 5. Vehicle Network Topology 6. Communication Model 7. Application Layer 8. Network Layer 9. Data Link Layer 10. Physical Layer
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1. Vehicle Diagnostics
Definition of Message Command Format, Diagnostic Services, Test Modes, and Data Parameter Identifiers between Off-board Test Tools and On-board Control Modules in Vehicles Protocols KWP 2000 (Keyword Protocol 2000) / ISO 14230-3 - Defines diagnostic protocol functionality for ECUs Legislative E/E Diagnostic Test Modes / SAE J1979 - Defines diagnostic protocol functionality to support legislative diagnostics for emission-related powertrain control modules only
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1. Vehicle Diagnostics (Cont.)

Interface CAN Interface for KWP 2000 / ISO 11898-1 - Defines multiplexed serial data network for KWP 2000 enhanced diagnostic services for CAN Class-C high-speed applications and Class-B medium-speed applications CAN Interface for OBD-II / ISO 15765-4 - Defines multiplexed serial data network for Legislative Diagnostic Services for emission-related powertrain control module applications

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2. KWP2000 Overview
Based on ISO 14229 and ISO 14230-3 for Vehicle-Diagnostic System KWP 2000 Standardized by DaimlerChrysler and Mitsubishi Comply with ISO 14230-3 and ISO 15765-3 Diagnostic Communication Protocol for Service and Message Basic and Enhanced Diagnostic Services for all ECUs

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3. KWP 2000 Functionality

Communication between a Diagnostic Tool and ECU Diagnostic Session Management Diagnostic Data Management Fault Management with DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) Implementation of Input/Output Device Control and Management Implementation of Upload/Download Control Remote Activation of Routine

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4. ECU Diagnostic Operation

Report ECU Information Report Vehicle Information Report I/O Device Information (e.g. Sensors, Switches, etc) Control I/O Device Actuation (e.g. Solenoids, Relays, etc) Report and Modify Parameter Information Initiate Special Test Functions and On-board process Detect, Clear, Store, and Report diagnostic Fault Information Reprogram Flash Memory Secure Access to Protected Information/Operations

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5. Vehicle Network Topology

Aux. ECU #1 ECU-C #1 Aux. ECU #2 ECU-C #2 Aux. ECU #n ECU-C #3 ECU-C #n

CAN-C Bus Diagnostic Connector GateWay CAN-B Bus CAN-B/C Hybrid ECU

ECU-B #1

ECU-B #2

ECU-B #3

ECU-B #n

Aux. ECU #1
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Aux. ECU #2

Aux. ECU #n

6. Communication Model
Off-Board Test Tool High-Level Application Application Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer
Test Tool Diagnostic Application

On-Board ECU
ECU diagnostic Application

Diagnostic Protocol Services (Keyword Protocol 2000)

Virtual Link for Diagnostic Services

Diagnostic Protocol Services (Keyword Protocol 2000)

Network Transport Protocol Services (ISO 15765-2)

Virtual Link for Message Segmentation/Reconstruction

Network Transport Protocol Services (ISO 15765-2)

Controller Area Network (CAN) (ISO 11898-1)

Virtual Link for Data Frame

Controller Area Network (CAN) (ISO 11898-1)

Controller Area Network (CAN) (ISO 11898-2/3)

Virtual Link for Bit Stream

Controller Area Network (CAN) (ISO 11898-2/3)

Physical Media
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7. Application Layer
Diagnostic Communication Protocol Keyword Protocol 2000 (KWP 2000) Enhanced Diagnostic Services - To support the ECU functional diagnostic and flash reprogramming requirements Mandatory Set of KWP 2000 Diagnostic Services - Services and corresponding diagnostic functions/parameters per the diagnostic development level

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8. Network Layer
Network Transport Communication Protocol Definition of Mechanism by Large Data Block Transferred between Off-board Test Tool and On-board Control Unit To transform the Data Frames Received from the Data Link Layer into Messages The Messages Mapping to Diagnostic Protocol Services by the Application Layer Large Block Message Segmented into Multiple Packets by Transmitting Node and Re-Assembled by Receiving Node

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9. Data Link Layer

Diagnostic Communication Interface Definition of Data Frame Elements, Format, Length, Encapsulation, Inter-frame timing, and Error Detection To Transform the Data Bits Received from the Physical Layer into Data Frame The Data Frames Assembled into Messages by the Network Layer CAN Message Frame Structure CAN Physical and Functional Addressing

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10. Physical Layer

Definition of Data Transmission Rates, Data-encoding Format, Electrical Signals, Physical Media Routing, and Connectivity To Transform the Electrical Signals into Data Bits The Data Bits Grouped into Data Frames by the Data Link Layer

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