HW 4 Solutions

Version One Homework 4 Juyang Huang 24018 Mar 28, 2008 1
This print-out should have 43 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page nd all choices
before answering. The due time is Central
time.
Electromagnetic Wave 01
34:02, trigonometry, numeric, < 1 min, nor-
mal.
001 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
The electric eld in an electromagnetic wave
(in vacuum) is described by
E = E
max
sin(k x t),
where E
max
= 100 N/C and k = 1 10
7
m
1
.
The speed of light is 2.99792 10
8
m/s.
Find the amplitude of the corresponding
magnetic wave.
Correct answer: 3.33564 10
7
T.
Explanation:
Let : c = 2.99792 10
8
m/s and
E
max
= 100 N/C.
The relation between the magnitude of the
electric eld and that of the magnetic eld for
an electromagnetic wave is given by
B =
E
c
.
Thus, the magnitude of the magnetic wave is
B
max
=
E
max
c
=
100 N/C
2.99792 10
8
m/s
= 3.33564 10
7
T .
keywords:
Serway CP 21 50
34:03, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, nor-
mal.
The eye is most sensitive to light of wave-
length 5.5 10
7
m, which is in the green-
yellow region of the visible electromagnetic
spectrum.
The speed of light is 3 10
8
m/s.
What is the frequency of this light? Your
answer must be within 0.1%.
14
Hz.
Explanation:
Let : = 5.5 10
7
m and
c = 3 10
8
m/s .
The frequency is
f =
c
=
3 10
8
m/s
5.5 10
7
m
= 5.45455 10
14
Hz .
keywords:
Cable Energy Flux short
34:04, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min, xed.
The cable is carrying the current I(t).
Evaluate the electromagnetic energy ux S
at the surface of a long transmission cable of
resistivity , length and radius a, using the
expression

S =
1
B.
1. S =
a
2
I
2

2. S =
I
2
a
2
3. S =

0
I
2
a
2
4. S =

0
0
I
2
a
2
5. S =

0
c I
2
4 a
2
6. S =
I
2
4
0
c
7. S =
I
2
2
2
a
3
correct
8. S =

0
0
I
2
2 a
2
9. S =

0
I
2
2 a
2
10. None of these.
Explanation:
The basic expression for the Poynting Vec-
tor is
S =
1
B.
Based on Amperes law, B =

0
I
2 a
,
and Ohms law is E
V
=
I R
=
I
a
2
,
since R

a
2
.
It is easy to see that

E and

B are perpen-
dicular to each other.
So the energy ux can be written down as
S =
1
0
I
a
2
0
I
2 a
=
I
2
2
2
a
3
.
Note: Also, we have
S =
E
2
0
c
=

2
I
2
0
c
2
a
4
S =
c B
2
0
=
c
0
I
2
4
2
a
2
,
which are not given as choices.
keywords:
Cosmic Microwave Radiation
34:04, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
In 1965 Penzias and Wilson discovered the
cosmic microwave radiation left over from
the Big Bang expansion of the universe.
The energy density of this radiation is 4
10
14
J/m
3
.
The speed of light 2.99792 10
8
m/s
and the permeability of free space is 4
10
7
N/A
2
.
Determine the corresponding electric eld
amplitude.
Correct answer: 0.095054 V/m.
Explanation:
Let :
o
= 4 10
7
N/A
2
,
c = 2.99792 10
8
m/s , and
u = 4 10
14
J/m
3
.
The average poynting vector is given by
S =
E
2
2
o
c
. (1)
From this expression we can solve for E in
terms of the energy density u knowing that
u =
S
c
and from this we get the electric eld as
E =
_
2
o
c
2
u (2)
=
_
2 (4 10
7
N/A
2
)
_
(2.99792 10
8
m/s)
2
_
(4 10
14
J/m
3
)
= 0.095054 V/m .
or
E =
_
2 u
0
(3)
=
_
2
o
c
2
u, (2)
since
0
=
c
2
0
, we have the same Eq. 2.
keywords:
Electromagnetic Point Source
mal.
At what distance from a 100 W electromag-
netic wave point source (like a light bulb) is
the amplitude of the electric eld 15 V/m?
o
c = 376.991 .
Correct answer: 5.16398 m.
Explanation:
Let : P = 100 W,
E
max
= 15 V/m, and
0
c = 376.991 .
The wave intensity (power per unit area) is
given by
I = S
av
=
E
2
max
2 (
o
c)
=
(15 V/m)
2
2 (376.991 )
= 0.298416 W/m
2
.
The constant
o
c (impedance of free space)
turns out to be 120 .
You should verify that (V/m)
2
= W/m
2
.
With this we can nd the intensity, which
multiplied by the area of a circle of radius R
must gives us the sources power P, therefore
4 R
2
I = P = 100 W.
Solving for the radius we get,
R =
_
P
4 I
=
100 W
4 (0.298416 W/m
2
)
= 5.16398 m .
keywords:
Electromagnetic Wave 05
34:04, trigonometry, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
Consider a monochromatic electromagnetic
plane wave propagating in the y direction.
At a particular point in space, the magnitude
of the electric eld is pointing in the positive
z-direction.
The permeability of free space is 1.25664
10
6
N/A
2
, the permittivity of free space is
8.85419 10
12
C
2
/N/m
2
and speed of light
is 2.99792 10
8
m/s.
y
z
x
E
wave propagation
What are the directions of the instanta-
neous magnetic eld and the instantaneous
Poynting vector respectively?
1.

B = and

S = correct
2.

B = and

S = +

k
3.

B = and

S =

k
4.

B = and

S =

k
5.

B = and

S =
6.

B =

k and

S =
7.

B =

k and

S =
8.

B = +

k and

S =
9.

B =

k + and

S =
10.

B = + and

S =

k
Explanation:
E and

B must be perpendicular to each
other and both of them must also be perpen-
dicular to the direction of wave propagation.
Since

E is in the

k direction and the direction
of propagation is in the direction,

B must
be in the direction. The Poynting vector is
in the direction of propagation of the wave,
. You can see this from the denition of the
Poynting vector,

S =
1
B and

k = .
keywords:
Laser Power
mal.
A 10 mW laser has a beam diameter of
1.6 mm.
8
m/s.
What is the intensity of the light, assuming
it is uniform across the circular beam?
Correct answer: 4973.59 W/m
2
.
Explanation:
Let : P = 10 mW = 0.01 W, and
r = 0.8 mm = 0.0008 m.
Since the intensity of a wave is dened as
power delivered per unit area, our laser has
an intensity
I =
P
r
2
=
0.01 W
(0.0008 m)
2
= 4973.59 W/m
2
.
What is the average energy density of the
beam?
5
J/m
3
.
Explanation:
Let : c = 2.99792 10
8
m/s .
With the intensity I, which is also the average
value of the Poynting vector S, we get the
average energy density u which satises
I = S = c u,
therefore
u =
I
c
=
4973.59 W/m
2
2.99792 10
8
m/s
= 1.65901 10
5
J/m
3
.
keywords:
Power of the Sun
34:04, trigonometry, numeric, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
The Sun delivers an average power of
1340 W/m
2
to the top of the Earths atmo-
sphere.
The permeability of free space is 4
10
7
T N/A and the speed of light is
2.99792 10
8
m/s.
Find the magnitude of E
m
for the electro-
magnetic waves at the top of the atmosphere.
Correct answer: 1004.81 N/C.
Explanation:
Let :
0
= 4 10
7
T N/A,
c = 2.99792 10
8
m/s , and
I
avg
= 1340 W/m
2
.
I
avg
=
E
2
max
2
0
c
.
Thus we have
E
max
=
_
2
0
c I
avg
=
_
2 (4 10
7
T N/A)
_
(2.99792 10
8
m/s)(1340 W/m
2
)
= 1004.81 N/C .
Find the magnitude of B
m
for the electromag-
netic waves at the top of the atmosphere.
6
T.
Explanation:
The magnitude of B
m
for the electormag-
netic waves is
B
max
=
E
max
c
=
1004.81 N/C
2.99792 10
8
m/s
= 3.35168 10
6
T .
keywords:
Poynting Vector for a Wire
mal.
A long, straight wire of resistance 5 , radius
0.3 mm, and length 1 m carries a constant
current 2 A.
Calculate the Poynting vector at the surface
of the wire.
2
.
Explanation:
Let : R = 5 ,
a = 0.3 mm = 0.0003 m,
= 1 m, and
I = 2 A.
The surface area of the wire is
A = 2 (0.0003 m) (1 m) = 0.00188496 m
2
.
Let us nd the magnitude of the electric
eld

E along the wire. If V is the potential
dierence across the ends of the wire, then
V = IR and
E =
V
=
I R
.
Applying Amp`eres law, we nd that that the
magnetic eld at the surface of the wire is
B =

0
I
2 a
.
The vectors

E and

B are mutually perpendic-
ular, so |
B| = E B. Hence, the Poynting

vector

S has a magnitude
S =
E B
0
=
1
0
I R
0
I
2 a
=
I
2
R
2 a
=
I
2
R
A
=
(2 A)
2
(5 )
0.00188496 m
2
= 10610.3 W/m
2
.
Form this result, we see that
S A = I
2
R,
that is, the rate SA at which electromagnetic
energy ows into the wire equals the power
I
2
R (i.e., rate of energy) dissipated as Joule
heat.
keywords:
Serway CP 21 48
mal.
Assume that the solar radiation incident on
Earth is 1340 W/m
2
(at the top of the atmo-
sphere).
Find the total power radiated by the Sun,
taking the average separation between Earth
and the Sun to be 1.49 10
11
m.
26
W.
Explanation:
Let : I = 1340 W/m
2
and
r = 1.49 10
11
m.
At Earths location, the wavefronts of the
solar radiation are spheres whose radius is the
Sun-Earth distance. Since
I =
P
A
=
P
4 r
2
,
the total power is
P = 4 r
2
I
= 4
_
1.49 10
11
m
_
2
_
1340 W/m
2
_
= 3.73841 10
26
W .
keywords:
Light Bulb Emission
mal.
Consider a light bulb S emitting light isotrop-
ically, (i.e. uniformly in all directions), with
a power of 40 W. The paper is 1 m away and
has an area of 0.04 m
2
, with the coecient
of reection
1
3
; i.e.,
1
3
of the light intensity
is reected, and
2
3
of the light intensity is
absorbed.
r
S
Q
A
Determine the intensity at point Q.
2
.
Explanation:
Basic Concepts: Radiation intensity due
to a point source is given by
I =
P
4 r
2
.
Radiation pressure on a perfect absorbing sur-
face is
P
ab
=
I
c
,
while the radiation pressure on a perfect re-
ective surface is
P
ref
= 2
I
c
.
Solution:
Let : P = 40 W and
r = 1 m.
Since the light bulb emits light isotropically,
(i.e., uniformly in all directions), it can be
treated as a point source.
I =
P
4 r
2
=
40 W
4 (1 m)
2
= 3.1831 W/m
2
.
Determine the radiation pressure P at Q,
where I is the light intensity at Q. See the
previous question for the setup of this prob-
lem.
1. P =
1
3
I
c
2. P =
I
c
3. P =
7
3
I
c
4. P =
2
3
I
c
5. P =
5
3
I
c
6. P =
4
3
I
c
correct
7. P = 0
8. P =
1
2
I
c
9. P = 3
I
c
10. P = 2
I
c
Explanation:
Since
1
3
of light is reected, the radiation
pressure due to this portion of light is given
by
P
ref
= 2
I
ref
c
= 2
1
3
I
c
=
2
3
I
c
.
The remaining
2
3
of light is absorbed, so the
radiation pressure due to this portion of light
is
P
ab
=
I
ab
c
=
2
3
I
c
=
2
3
I
c
.
Therefore the total pressure on the paper is
given by
P = P
ref
+P
ab
=
2
3
I
c
+
2
3
I
c
=
4
3
I
c
.
keywords:
Reected Onto Itself
mal.
A 100 mW laser beam is reected back upon
itself by a mirror.
8
m/s.
Calculate the force on the mirror.
7
N.
Explanation:
Let : P = 100 mW = 0.1 W and
c = 2.99792 10
8
m/s .
The intensity of the laser is
P
A
with P the
power and A the area of the beam. The
average momentum per unit area per unit
time (force per unit area) transferred to the
wall is
p
t A
=
F
A
=
2 I
c
=
2 P
Ac
.
Therefore
F =
2 P
c
=
2 (0.1 W)
2.99792 10
8
m/s
= 6.67128 10
7
N .
keywords:
Tipler PSE5 31 26
xed.
The spiral galaxy in the Andromeda constel-
lation is about 2 10
19
km away from us.
How many light-years is this?
1. 739958 c y
2. 1.62791 10
6
c y
3. 2.11416 10
6
c y correct
4. 3.48837 10
6
c y
5. 5.09514 10
6
c y
6. 1.08668 10
7
c y
Explanation:
Let : D = 2 10
19
km = 2 10
22
m and
1 c y = 9.46 10
15
m.
The distance is
D = (2 10
22
m)
_
1 c y
9.46 10
15
m
_
= 2.11416 10
6
c y .
keywords:
Light in Silica
mal.
Light of wavelength 589 nm in vacuum passes
through a piece of silica (index of refraction
1.458).
Find the speed of light in silica.
8
m/s.
Explanation:
The speed of light in silica, v
n
can be easily
obtained from the equation
n =
c
v
n
.
We have
v
n
=
c
n
=
2.99792 10
8
m/s
1.458
= 2.05619 10
8
m/s .
What is the wavelength of this light in silica?
Correct answer: 403.978 nm.
Explanation:
We use the equation
n =

0
n
to calculate the wavelength
n
in silica, noting
that we are given the wavelength in vacuum
to be
0
= 589 nm:
n
=

0
n
=
589 nm
1.458
= 403.978 nm .
Calculate the frequency of the light.
14
Hz.
Explanation:
From the formula
n
= v
n
T
n
=
v
n
f
n
(where T
n
is the period of the light wave in a
medium with index of refraction n) we obtain
that the frequency is
f
n
=
v
n
n
=
2.05619 10
8
m/s
4.03978 10
7
m
= 5.08986 10
14
Hz .
keywords:
Air to Crown Glass
mal.
A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60
on the surface of a piece of crown glass whose

index of refraction is 1.52 .
What is the angle of refraction?
Correct answer: 34.7331

.
Explanation:
By Snells Law, for an angle of incidence
and an angle of refraction ,
n
air
sin = nsin
sin =
sin
n
, so
= arcsin
_
sin
n
_
= arcsin
_
sin60
1.52
_
= 34.7331
,
since n
air
= 1.
keywords:
AP B 1998 MC 31
xed.
A light ray passes through substances 1, 2,
and 3, as shown.
The indices of refraction for these three
substances are n
1
, n
2
, and n
3
, respectively.
Ray segments in 1 and 3 are parallel.
x
2
d
1
2
3
n
1
n
2
n
3
One can conclude that
1. n
3
must be the same as n
1
. correct
2. n
2
must be less than n
1
.
3. n
2
must be less than n
3
.
4. n
1
must be equal to 1.00.
5. all three indices must be the same.
Explanation:
n
1
sin
1
= n
2
sin
2
= n
3
sin
3
,
Since
1
=
3
, sin
1
= sin
2
and n
1
= n
3
.
Since sin
1
= sin
3
> sin
2
, n
2
> n
1
= n
3
.
So, we can only conclude that n
3
must be
the same as n
1
.
keywords:
Flashlight Under Water
mal.
Given: The index of refraction of transparent
liquid (similar to water but with a dierent
index of refraction) is 1.33.
A ashlight held under the transparent liq-
uid shines out of the transparent liquid in a
swimming pool. This beam of light exiting
the surface of the transparent liquid makes an
angle of
a
= 44
with respect to the vertical.
air
water
flashlight
ray
w
a
At what angle
w
(with respect to the ver-
tical) is the ashlight being held under trans-
parent liquid?

.
Explanation:
Basic Concepts: Snells Law:
n
a
sin
a
= n
w
sin
w
,
where n
a
and n
w
are the indices of refraction
for each substance and
a
and
w
are the inci-
dent angles to the boundary in each medium,
respectively.
Solution: This is a straightforward appli-
cation of Snells law. We assume that the
surface of the transparent liquid is a level hor-
izontal plane, thus each angle with respect to
the vertical represents the incident angle in
each medium.
The index of refraction of air is (nearly)
n
a
= 1.0 while the index of refraction of trans-
parent liquid is given as n
w
= 1.33. The inci-
dent angle in the air is given to be
a
= 44
.
Hence
sin
w
sin
a
=
n
a
n
w
sin
w
sin(44
)
=
1
1.33
sin
w
=
0.694659
1.33
w
= arcsin(0.5223)
w
= 31.4866
.
The ashlight is slowly turned away from the
vertical direction.
At what angle will the beam no longer be
visible above the surface of the pool?

.
Explanation:
This is solved in the same fashion as Part 1.
When the light ceases to be visible outside
the transparent liquid, then
a
90
. The
sin90
= 1. Hence (from above),

sin
w
=
n
a
n
w
w
= arcsin
_
1
1.33
_
w
= 48.7534
.
keywords:
Serway CP 22 21
mal.
The light ray shown in the gure makes an an-
gle of 20
with the normal line at the boundary

of linseed oil and water.
1
20
2
Air
Linseed oil
Water
Find the angle
1
. Note that n = 1.48 for
the linseed oil.

.
Explanation:
Given : n
i
= 1.00 ,
n
r
= 1.48 , and
r
= 20
.
Applying Snells Law,
n
i
sin
i
= n
r
sin
r
sin
i
=
n
r
sin
r
n
i
i
= sin
1
_
n
r
sin
r
n
i
_
= sin
1
_
1.48 sin20
1
_
= 30.4104
.
Find the angle
2
.

.
Explanation:
Given : n
i
= 1.48 ,
n
r
= 1.333 , and
i
= 20
.
Applying Snells Law again,
sin
r
=
n
i
sin
i
n
r
r
= sin
1
_
n
i
sin
i
n
r
_
= sin
1
_
1.48 sin20
1.333
_
= 22.3174
.
keywords:
Silica Prism 02
mal.
Light of wavelength 700 nm is incident on the
face of a silica prism at an angle of
1
= 75
(with respect to the normal to the surface).

The apex angle of the prism is = 60
.
Given: The value of the index of refraction
for silica is n = 1.455.
2
3
4
Find the angle between the incident and
emerging rays.

.
Explanation:
Note: The angle between incident and
emerging rays is equals to the deviation of
the ray, which is the sum of the deviation
at the rst surface, and that at the second
surface. So
5
= (
2
1
) + (
4
3
)
= [(41.5954
) (75
)]
+ [(27.3471
) (18.4046
)]
= 42.3471
.
keywords:
Right Angle Prism
mal.
Consider a prism with the shape shown in the
diagram. Its index of refraction is labeled by
n
p
, and it is submerged in a special liquid
which has an index of refraction n
l
, where the
dierence n
p
n
l
is n = 0.5. The light ray
perpendicularly incident from the liquid into
the prism as shown in the diagram. Notice
that the incident angle at point A is 45
and
that at B is also 45
.
n
p
A
B
n
l
45
45
Determine n
p
, the index of refraction of the
prism, such that the 45
is the critical angle.

Correct answer: 1.70711 .
Explanation:
n
p
sin 45
= (n
p
n) sin 90
.
Solve for n
p
, we have
n
p
=
n
1
1
2
= 1.70711 .
keywords:
Serway CP 22 38
mal.
2
Determine the maximum angle for which

the light rays incident on the end of the light
pipe shown in the gure above are subject to
total internal reection along the walls of the
pipe. The pipe of diameter 2 m has an index
of refraction of 1.36 and the outside medium
is air.

.
Explanation:
Given : n
air
= 1 ,
n
pipe
= 1.36 , and
r = 1 m.
d

c
The critical angle
c
for total internal re-
ection is given by
sin
c
=
n
air
n
pipe
.
c
sin
c
=
n
air
n
pipe
c
= arcsin
_
n
air
n
pipe
_
= arcsin
_
1
1.36
_
= 47.3321
.
From the right triangle the angle at the
left-hand interface is
= 90
c
= 42.6679
.
Applying Snells Law, we have
n
air
sin = n
pipe
sin
= arcsin
_
n
pipe
sin
n
air
_
= arcsin
_
1.36 sin42.6679
1
_
= 67.1814
.
keywords:
Concave Mirror 04
mal.
A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm.
What is the position of the resulting image
if the image is inverted and 4 times smaller
than the object?
Correct answer: 25 cm.
Explanation:
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
=
2
R
m =
h
h
=
q
p
Concave Mirror f > 0
>p > f f <q < 0 >m>
f >p > 0 <q < 0 >m> 1
Let : f = 20 cm and
n = 4 .
Since the image is inverted, n =
1
m
. From
the mirror equation
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
and
p
q
= n, so
1
nq
+
1
q
=
1
f
q =
(n + 1) f
n
=
(4 + 1) (20 cm)
4
= 25 cm .
keywords:
Mirrors01
36:03, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min,
xed.
Consider a concave mirror with radius R. An
upright object is placed in between the inter-
val R/2 and R.
R R/2
The image is
1. real, inverted, enlarged. correct
2. real, inverted, reduced.
3. real, upright, enlarged.
4. real, upright, reduced.
5. virtual, inverted, enlarged.
6. virtual, inverted, reduced.
7. virtual, upright, enlarged.
8. virtual, upright, reduced.
9. real, upright, same size.
10. virtual, upright, same size.
Explanation:
R R/2
Note:
f =
R
2
,
where f is positive for a concave mirror by
convention. From the mirror equation
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
.
Solving for q we have
q =
fp
p f
.
Since p > f, the image is real and inverted.
The absolute value of the magnication is
|M| =
q
p
=
f
p f
.
Since f < p < 2f, recall
_
f =
R
2
_
, |M| >
1, or the image is enlarged. This is also
conrmed by the ray diagram shown.
keywords:
Christmas Tree Ornament 02 a
mal.
An object is 15 cm from the surface of a reec-
tive spherical Christmas-tree ornament 6 cm
in diameter.
What is the position of the image?
Correct answer: 1.36364 cm.
Explanation:
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
=
2
R
m =
h
h
=
q
p
Convex Mirror 0 > f
>p > 0 f <q < 0 0 <m< 1
Let : D = 6 cm and
p = 15 cm.
p is positive since it is in front of the mirror
and R is negative since it is behind the mir-
ror. A spherical Christmas-tree ornament is a
convex mirror, so
1
p
+
1
q
=
2
|R|
.
We are given the object distance, p, and can
nd the radius of curvature fromthe diameter,
|R| =
|D|
2
. Inserting these values into the
mirror equation and solving for q, we nd
q =
1
4
D
+
1
p
=
1
4
(6 cm)
+
1
(15 cm)
= 1.36364 cm .
keywords:
Embedded in a Crystal Ball
mal.
A coin 2 cm in diameter is embedded in a solid
glass ball of radius 30 cm(see the gure).
n
d
p
1
n2
> n2 n1
The index of refraction of the ball is 1.5,
and the coin is p = 20 cm from the surface.
Find the distance the images position is
from the surface of the glass ball.
Explanation:
Because n
1
> n
2
, where n
1
= 1.5 is the
index of refraction of the ball and n
2
= 1.00 is
the index of refraction of the air, the rays are
refracted away from the normal at the surface
and diverge outward. Hence, the image is
formed in the glass and is virtual. Applying
the equation
n
1
p
+
n
2
q
=
n
2
n
1
R
,
with d = |q| and R = 30 cm, we get
q = n
2
_
n
2
n
1
R

n
1
p
_
1
= (1)
_
(1) (1.5)
(30 cm)

(1.5)
(20 cm)
_
1
= 17.1429 cm
d = |q| = 17.1429 cm.
The negative sign of q indicates that the image
is in the same medium as the object (the side
of incident light).
keywords:
AP B 1998 MC 30
xed.
An object is placed at a distance of 1.5 f from
a converging lens of focal length f, as shown.
2f f f 2f 3f
What type of image is formed and what is
the size relative to the object?
Type Size Direction
1. Virtual Larger Inverted
2. Virtual Same size Inverted
3. Virtual Smaller Inverted
4. Real Larger Inverted
correct
5. Real Smaller Inverted
6. Virtual Larger Upright
7. Virtual Same size Upright
8. Virtual Smaller Upright
9. Real Larger Upright
10. Real Smaller Upright
Explanation:
Let : p = 1.5 f .
Using
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
, we have
q =
p f
p f
=
1.5 f
2
1.5 f f
= 3.0 f .
Since q = 3.0 f > 0, the image is real .
2f f
f 2f 3f
Also, since the magnication is
M =
q
p
=
3.0 f
1.5 f
= 2.0 ,
the image (|M| > 1) is larger in size that the
object and (M < 0) inverted .
keywords:
Camera Lens 02
mal.
Camera lenses are described in terms of their
focal length. A 50 mm lens has a focal length
of 50 mm. A camera is focused on an object
3 m away using a 50 mm lens.
Locate the position of the image.
Correct answer: 50.8475 mm.
Explanation:
Basic Concepts
1
f
=
1
d
o
+
1
d
i
Solution This is a converging lens, so the
focal length is positive and
d
i
d
o
= f d
i
+f d
o
d
i
d
o
f d
i
= f d
o
d
i
(d
o
f) = f d
o
d
i
=
f d
o
d
o
f
=
(50 mm) (3 m)
(3 m) (50 mm)
= 50.8475 mm.
Dimensional analysis for d
o
:
m
1000 mm
1 m
= mm
keywords:
Converging Lens 02
mal.
The magnication produced by a converging
lens is found to be 3.5 for an object placed
0.185 m from the lens.
What is the focal length of the lens?
Correct answer: 0.143889 m.
Explanation:
For converging lens,
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
M =
q
p
At p = 0.185 m, and M = 3.5, we get
1
f
=
1
p
_
1
1
M
_
=
1
0.185 m
_
1
1
3.5
_
= 6.94981 m
1
f = 0.143889 m.
keywords:
Diverging Lens 03
mal.
A diverging lens has a focal length of 32 cm.
If an object is 20 cm from the lens, what is
the image distance?
Explanation:
Basic Concepts:
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
m =
h
h
=
q
p
Diverging Lens 0 > f
>p > 0 f <q < 0 0 <m< 1
Solution: The lens equation is
1
f
=
1
p
+
1
q
and f is negative for a diverging lens.
Solution
1
q
=
1
f

1
p
q =
_
1
f

1
p
_
1
=
_
1
(32 cm)

1
(20 cm)
_
1
= 12.3077 cm.
What is the magnitude of the magnication
for this lens?
Correct answer: 0.615385 .
Explanation:
The magnication is
M =
h
i
h
o
=
q
p
=
(12.3077 cm)
(20 cm)
= 0.615385 .
keywords:
Add a Second Lens 05
wording-variable.
Hint: Construct a ray diagram.
Given: A real object is located at p
1
=
11
6
f to the left of a convergent lens with a
focal length f as shown in the gure below.
0
11
6
f f
(f )
The image distance q
1
to the right of the
lens is
1. q
1
=
11
5
f . correct
2. q
1
=
8
3
f .
3. q
1
=
7
3
f .
4. q
1
=
13
6
f .
5. q
1
=
13
4
f .
6. q
1
=
15
4
f .
7. q
1
=
5
2
f .
8. q
1
=
13
7
f .
9. q
1
=
9
4
f .
10. q
1
=
12
5
f .
Explanation:
Basic Concepts:
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
m =
h
h
=
q
p
Converging Lens f > 0
>p > f f <q < 0 >m>
f >p > 0 <q < 0 >m> 1
Convergent (concave) lenses f > 0 have
real images q > 0 when the object > p > f.
0
11
6
f f
11
5
(f )
Basic Concepts:
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
.
Solution:
1
q
1
=
1
p
1
+
1
f
=
6
11 f
+
1
f
=
11 6
11 f
=
5
11 f
q
1
=
11
5
f .
A second convergent lens with the same focal
length f is placed behind the rst lens, as
shown in the gure below (the rst lens has
the lighter image).
0
11
6
4
5
f f f f
(f )
The second image location q
2
, measured
with respect to the second lens, is
1. q
2
=
7
12
f . correct
2. q
2
=
3
4
f .
3. q
2
=
5
7
f .
4. q
2
=
1
2
f .
5. q
2
=
5
8
f .
6. q
2
=
2
3
f .
7. q
2
=
8
13
f .
8. q
2
=
9
14
f .
9. q
2
=
8
11
f .
10. q
2
=
4
7
f .
Explanation:
83
60
f
0
11
6
7
5
f
4
5
11
5
7
12
f f
(f )
Given: Distance between lenses is d =
4
5
f,
and from Part 2, we have q
1
=
11
5
f .
Solution: q
1
> d and for the second lens
p
2
= q
1
+d
=
_
11
5
+
4
5
_
f
=
7
5
f .
Note: Since the object for the second lens
is behind the lens it is virtual and therefore
p
2
< 0.
Using the lens equation for the second lens,
we have
1
q
2
=
1
p
2
+
1
f
=
1
q
1
d
+
1
f
=
1
11
5
f
4
5
f
+
1
f
=
5
7 f
+
7
7 f
=
5 + 7
7 f
=
12
7 f
q
2
=
7
12
f .
The nal image due to the second lens is real
and to the right of the second lens. As can
be seen from the gure, the nal image due to
the second lens relative to the rst lens is
q
2
=
4
5
f +
7
12
f
=
83
60
f .
Using both of these lenses, the magnication
is
1. M
12
=
1
2
. correct
2. M
12
=
11
16
.
3. M
12
=
7
11
.
4. M
12
=
9
16
.
5. M
12
=
5
8
.
6. M
12
=
7
12
.
7. M
12
=
7
13
.
8. M
12
=
5
9
.
9. M
12
=
7
16
.
10. M
12
=
9
14
.
Explanation:
The magnication M
1
of the rst lens is
M
1
=
q
1
p
1
=
11
5
f
11
6
f
=
6
5
.
The magnication M
2
of the second lens is
M
2
=
q
2
p
2
=
7
12
f
7
5
f
=
5
12
.
The magnication M
12
of these two lenses is
M
12
= M
1
M
2
=
_
6
5
_ _
5
12
_
=
1
2
.
keywords:
Two Lenses System M
xed.
Consider two lenses where f
1
= f and f
2
=
f. As shown in the sketch, they are aligned
along the z-axis with a separation d = 1.25 f.
f 3f
#1 #2
d
The distance between the object and lens
1 is p = 3 f. An image is formed due to the
two-lens system. Find the distance of this
image from lens 2.
1. q
2
=
1
4
f
2. q
2
=
1
3
f correct
3. q
2
=
1
2
f
4. q
2
=
3
4
f
5. q
2
= f
6. q
2
=
3
2
f
7. q
2
= 2 f
8. q
2
=
5
2
f
9. q
2
= 3 f
10. q
2
=
7
2
f
Explanation:
For lens 2, the object is the image formed
by lens 1 located at q
1
= 2 f to the right of
lens 1. So in the formula
1
f
2
=
1
p
2
+
1
q
2
,
for the virtual object,
p
2
= (q
1
d) =
1
4
f.
This leads to
1
q
2
=
1
f
2
1
p
2
=
1
f
+
1
1
4
f
=
1
f
+
4
f
=
3
f
q
2
=
f
3
.
keywords:
Adjustable Camera
mal.
The bellows of an adjustable camera can be
extended so that the largest distance from the
lens to the lm is 1.2 times the focal length.
If the focal length of the lens is 3 cm, what
is the distance from the closest object that
can be sharply focused on the lm?
Correct answer: 18 cm.
Explanation:
The mirrors and lenses have the property:
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
Here
q = k f
So
p =
kf
k 1
=
(1.2)(3 cm)
1.2 1
= 18 cm
keywords:
AP B 1998 MC 28
xed.
A physics student places an object 6.0 cm
from a converging lens of focal length 9.0 cm.
What is the magnitude of the magnication
of the image produced?
1. |M| = 0.6
2. |M| = 1.5
3. |M| = 2.0
4. |M| = 3.0 correct
5. |M| = 3.6
Explanation:
Let : p = 0.6 cm and
f = 9.0 cm.
Using
1
p
+
1
q
=
1
f
,
q =
1
1
f

1
p
=
1
1
9.0 cm

1
6.0 cm
= 18.0 cm.
The magnitude of the magnication is thus
|M| =
q
p
=
18.0 cm
6.0 cm
= 3.0 .
keywords:

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Version One Homework 4 Juyang Huang 24018 Mar 28, 2008 1

This print-out should have 43 questions.

B| = E B. Hence, the Poynting

on the surface of a piece of crown glass whose

with respect to the vertical.

= 1. Hence (from above),

with the normal line at the boundary

(with respect to the normal to the surface).

is the critical angle.

Determine the maximum angle for which

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