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1
1 t. tt
arbarU Coege rarg
M T T
M ,
(Cass of 181 ).
Ths fund s 2o,opo, and of ts ncome three uarers
sha be spent for boo s and one uarter
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s v T -- . fc . 3
4 .

C PT T C G C
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D UU , GU ,
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fensatb fron ( ro , fot ota,
y the . D M T , M. .,
M T P T. C , D.
D :
G. , T T, 00 T G D .
18 .

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.arvar.1 Coege brary,

ov. 14, 8 1.
U T,

P T D D ,
T. martn s ,
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C T T .
Preface
. 0
D U .
T T P C , D TU T G
D C C 1
ummary of the tory
0 TGtT .
T M U D P D C 2 1
ummary of the tory t
C T T T .
T C T P D UC PP 348
ummary of the tory
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P C .
y no reader of cassca ant uty w any of ts remans
be regarded as entrey devod of worth. The fne god
w naturay stand frst n estmaton, but the sver and
brass and ron, nay even the ron mnged wth mry
cay, w each possess ts respectve vaue. ccordngy,
whe the foremost pace w ever be assgned to ts s-
torans, Phosophers, rators, and Poets, the tme w not
be esteemed thrown away whch ma es hm ac uanted wth
those authors who struc out a new ven of wrtng, and
abandonng the facts of hstory and the nventons of my-
thoogy, drew upon ther own magnaton - and sought for
sub ects n the manners and pursuts of domestc fe.
The pubcaton of a revsed transaton of eodorus
and ougus, and of a new transaton of ches Tatus,
cas for some bref prefatory observatons upon the orgn
of fcttous narratve among the Gree s that department
of terature whch, above any other, has been profc n
fndng foowers, more especay n modern tmes and
whch, accordng to the sprt n whch t s handed, s capa-
be of producng some of the best or worst effects upon
socety.
or s of fcton may, as we now, admnster a posoned
cup, but they may aso suppy a whoesome and peasng
draught they may be the mnsters of the grossest mmo-
raty and absurdty, but they may ewse be the vehces
of sound sense and proftabe nstructon.
s rea ttory, says acon, gves us not the suc-
cess of thngs accordng to the deserts of vce and vrtue,
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n P C .
Moton connects t, and presents us wth the fates and for-
tunes of persons, rewarded or punshed accordng to mert.
t s chefy n the fctons of an age, sayc Dunop,
that we can dscover the modes of vng, dress, and man-
ners of the perod and he goes on to say ut even f
the utty whch s derved from cton were ess than t
s, how much are we ndebted to t for peasure and en oy-
ment t sweetens sotude and charms sorrow t occu-
pes the attenton of the vacant, and unbends the mnd of
the phosopher. e the enchanter, cton shows us, as
t were n a mrror, the most agreeabe ob ects recas from
a dstance the forms whch are dear to us, and soothes our
own gref by awa enng our sympathy for others.. y ts
means the recuse s paced n the mdst of socety and he
who s harassed and agtated n the cty s transported to
rura tran uty and repose. The rude are refned by an
ntroducton, as t were, to the hgher orders of man nd,
and even the dsspated and sefsh are. n some degree, cor-
rected by those pantngs of vrtue and smpe nature, whch
must ever be empoyed by the novest, f he wsh to awa en
emoton or deght.
uet, shop of vranches, was the frst who wrote a
reguar and systematc treatse on the orgn of fcttous
narratve De orgne abuarum omanensum.
e gves t as hs opnon, that not n Provence (Pro-
vnea omanorum), nor yet n pan, are we to oo for
the fatherand of those amusng compostons caed o-
mances but that t s among the peope of the ast, the
rabs, the gyptans, the Persans, and the yrans, that
the germ and orgn s to be found, of ths speces of fct-
tous narratve, for whch the pecuar genus and poetca
temperament of those natons partcuary adapt them, and
n whch they deght to a degree scarcey to be credted
for even ther ordnary dscourse s nterspersed wth fgu-
ratve e pressons, and ther ma ms of theoogy and pho-
sophy, and above a, of moras and potca scence, are
nvaraby couched under the guse of aegory or parabe.
n confrmaton of ths opnon he remar s, that neary
a those who n eary tmes dstngushed themseves as
wrters of what are now caed omances, were of renta
brth or e tracton and he nstances Cearchus, a pup
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P C . TU
of rstote, who was a natve of o, n Cca, am-
bcus, a yran eodorus and ucan, natves, the one of
messa, the other of amosata ches Tatus, of e -
andra.
Ths statement of uet s s admtted to hod good, generay, by the author of a very nterestng rtce on the
ary Gree omances, n o. CCC . of ac -
wood s Magazne who however dffers from the earned
shop n some partcuars.
he fuy admttng, he says, that t s to the vvd
fancy and pctures ue magnaton of the rentas that
we owe the orgn of a those popuar egends, whch
have penetrated under varous changes of costume, nto
every corner of urope, we st hod, that the nventon
of the omance of ordnary fe, on whch the nterest of
the story depends upon occurrences n some measure wthn
the bounds of probabty, and n whch the heroes and
herones are nether nvested wth superhuman uates,
nor e trcated from ther dffcutes by supernatura means,
must be ascrbed to a more uropean state of socety than
that whch produced those taes of wonder, whch are com-
mony consdered as characterstc of the cmes of the
ast. /
Ths dfference of opnon he fortfes, by remar ng that
the authors enumerated by the shop of vranches
hmsef were a denzens of Gree ctes of sa Mnor,
yra, and gypt, and conse uenty, n a probabty,
Gree s by descent and though the scene of ther wor s s
fre uenty ad n sa, the costumes and characters ntro-
duced are amost nvaraby on the Gree mode.
e concudes ths part of hs sub ect by sayng these
wrters, therefore, may fary be consdered as consttutng a
dstnct cass from those more strcty renta not ony n
brth but n anguage and deas and as beng n fact the
egtmate forerunners of modern novests.
The frst to mbbe a ove for fcttous narratve from the
astern peope among whom they dwet, were the Me-
sans, a coony of Gree s, and from them ths speces of
narratve derved the name of ermo Mesus.
n the openng of hs ceebrated nove, the Goden ss, pueus
says t ego tb scrmone sto Meso varas fabuas conserarn, 0.
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P C .
specmen of the Mesan tae may be seen n the tores of
Parthenus, whch are chefy of the amatory nd, and not
over remar abe for ther mora tendency. rom the Gree
nhabtants of sa Mnor, especay from the Mesans, t
was natura that a fondness for cton shoud e tend tsef
nto Greece, and that peasure shoud produce mtaton.
ut t was not unt the con uests of e ander, that a
greater ntercourse between Greece and sa became the
means of conveyng the stores of fcton from the one
contnent to the other.
The omance wrters, who fourshed prevous to eo-
dorus, are nown ony from the summary of ther com-
postons preserved to us by Photus, Patrarch of Constan-
tnope, n the nnth century. e sub on ther names and
the ttes of ther wor s :
ntonus Dogenes wrote The ncredbe thngs n
Thue ambcus, the abyonca, comprsng the for-
mdabe number of s teen boo s n addton to whch
there s the ss of uean, founded chefy upon the
Metamorphoses of ucus.
The pam of mert, n every respect, especay n the
arrangement of hs fabe, has been unversay assgned to
eodoetts, shop of Trcca n Thessay, who fourshed
a.d. 400 whose wrtng, says uet, the subse uent
novests of those ages constanty proposed to themseves
as a mode for mtaton and as truy may they a be sad
to have drun of the waters of ths fountan, as a the
Poets dd of the omerc sprng.
The wrters of omance, posteror to eodorus, who
aone are worthy of note, are ches Tatus, who s aowed
to come ne t to hm n mert ongus, who has gven the
frst e ampe of the Pastora omance and enophon,
of phesus.
avng auded to the varous wrters of fcttous nar-
ratve, our farther remar s may be confned to eodorus,
ongus, and ches Tatus. th the wor of the author of
the thopcs are connected some curous crcumstances,
whch sha be gven n the words of an ccesastca s-
toran, uoted by the wrter of the artce n ac wood.
cephorus, . . c.34, says Ths eodorus, shop
of Trcca, had n hs youth wrtten certan ove stores,
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P C .
caed topcs, whch are hghy popuar, even at the
present day, though they are now better nown by the tte
of Charcea and t was by reason thereof that he ost hs
see. or nasmuch as many of the youths were drawn nto
per of sn by the perusa of these amorous taes, t was
determned by the Provnca ynod, that ether these
boo s, whch nded the fre of ove, shoud themseves be
consumed by fre, or that the author shoud be deposed from
hs epscopa functons and ths choce beng propounded to
hm, he preferred resgnng hs bshoprc to suppressng hs
wrtngs. eodorus, contnues the revewer, accordng
to the same authorty, was the frst Thessaan shop who
had nssted on the marred cergy puttng away ther wves,
whch may probaby have tended to ma e hm unpopuar
but the story of hs deposton, t shoud be observed, rests
soey on the statement of cephorus, and s dscredted by
aye and uet, who argue that the sence of ocrates,
( cces. st. . v. c. 22), n the chapter where he e pressy
assgns the authorty of the thopcs to the shop
eodorus, more than counterbaances the unsupported
asserton of cephorus an author, says uet, of
more creduty than udgment. f eodorus were, ndeed,
as has been generay supposed, the same to whom severa
of the pstes of t. erome were addressed, ths crcum-
stance woud suppy an addtona argument aganst the
probabty of hs havng ncurred the censures of the
Church but whatever the testmony of cephorus may be
worth on ths pont, hs menton of the wor affords un-
denabe proof of ts ong contnued popuarty, as hs
ccesastca story was wrtten about a.d. 00, and
eodorus ved under the regn of the sons of Theodosus,
fuy 00 years earer.
f the popuarty of hs wor n more recent tmes, the
foowng nstances may be gven. Tasso, says Gh-
rardn, became ac uanted wth ths omance when t
was ntroduced at the Court of Chares the th of rance,
where t was read by the ades and gentemen n the trans-
aton made by mot. The poet promsed the courters
that they shoud soon see the wor attred n the most
spendd vestments of taan poetry, and ept hs promse,
by transferrng to the herone Cornda (n the tenth
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P P C .
canto of the Gerusaemme ) the crcumstances attend-
ng the brth and eary fe of the thopan maden Cha-
rcea.
The proposed sacrfce and subse uent dscovery of the
brth of Charcea have ewse, observes Dunop, been
mtated n the Pastor do of Guarn, and through t, n
the streaof D Urfe.
acne had at one tme ntended wrtng a drama on
the sub ect of ths omance, a pan whch has been accom-
pshed by Dorat, n hs Tragedy of Theagenes and Cha-
rcea, acted at Pars n the year 17 2. t aso suggested
the pot of an od ngsh trag-comedy, by an un nown
author, entted the trange Dscovery.
ardy, the rench poet, wrote eght tragedes n verse on
the same sub ect, wthout materay aterng the ground-wor
of the omance an nstance of terary prodgaty
remar s Dunop truy whch s perhaps une amped.
or have authors ony avaed themseves of the wor of
eodorus. rtsts ewse have sought from hs pages
sub ects for ther canvass.
Two of the most str ng ncdents have been fney
deneated by aphae n separate pantngs, n whch he
was asssted by uo omano. n one he has sezed the
moment when Theagenes and Charcea meet n the tempe
of Deph, and Charcea presents Theagenes wth a torch
to nde the sacrfce. n the other he has chosen for hs
sub ect, the capture of the Tyran shp, n wrhch Caasrs
was conductng Theagenes and Charcea to the coast of
cy. The vesse s supposed to have aready struc to
the Prates, and Charcea s e hbted, by the ght of the
moon, n a suppant posture, mporng Trachnus that she
mght not be separated from her over and Caasrs.
eodobus, as has aready been remar ed, s aowed to
be far superor to any of hs predecessors n the ds-
poston of the fabe as aso, n the artfu manner n
whch the tae s dscosed and Tasso prases hm for the
s whch he dspays n eepng the mnd of hs reader n
suspense, and n graduay cearng up what appeared con-
fused and perpe ed. s stye s, n many parts, hghy
poetca, aboundng n e pressons and turns of thought
borrowed om the Gree poets, to whch, ndeed, t s ute
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P C .
mpossbe to do ustce when transatng them nto another
anguage.
The chef defects n the composton of hs wor , are the
dgressons for nstance, the adventures of Cnemon and
the sege of Cyene together wth certan crtca and ph-
osophca dscussons, whch, whe they ta e up consder-
abe space, dstract the attenton of the reader, wthout
addng to hs nterest.
e has aso been bamed for ma ng a thrd person
Caasrs recount the adventures of the hero and herone
nstead of ettng them te ther own story. s regards
the two prncpa characters, t must be aowed that the
hero, e many heroes n modern noves, s nspd. Upon
certan occasons, t s true that Theagenes comes out:
he does batte bodywth the prate eutenant dstances
hs rva, n good stye, n the runnng match effectuay
coos the courage of the thopan buy and gves proof
of the s of reasonng man over the strength of the rra-
tona brute n the scene of the Taurocathapsa but wth
these e ceptons, he s remar abe chefy for hs resstance
to temptatons, and for the constancy of hs affectons no
sght merts, however, especay n a heathen, and e
other uet vrtues, of greater ntrnsc vaue than more
spar ng and showy uates.
f Charcea, on the other hand, t has wth ustce been
observed, that her character ma es ampe amends for the
defects n that of her over. The mascune frmness and
presence of mnd whch she evnces n stuatons of per
and dffcuty, combned at a tmes wth femnne decacy
and the warmth and confdng smpcty of her ove or
Theagenes, attach to her a degree of nterest whch beongs
to none of the other personages.
The course of true ove never dd run smooth, says
the Poet and however defectve may be the wor of eo-
dorus, n other respects, none of ts readers w deny that
the author has e empfed the words of the ard n the
pers, and escapes, separatons, and une pected reunon of
the hero and herone of the thopcs.
uthor of artce n ac wood.
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P C .
one there are, we trust but w re oce, when at the
concuson, they fnd
ow ate to rtue pad her debt,
nd for ther troubes, bade them prove
engthened fe of peace and ove.
The forte of eodorus es especay n descrptons
hs wor abounds n these, and apart from the genera
story, the most nterestng portons are, the account of the
haunts of the uccaneers the processon at Deph, wth
the respectve retnues and dresses of Theagenes and ha-
rcea the wrestng match, and the bu fght a these
are brought before the reader wth pctures ue effect, and
n forcbe and vvd anguage nor shoud we omt what s
very curous and vauabe n an ant uaran pont of vew,
hs mnute descrpton of the panopy worn by man and
horse composng the fower of the Persan army, whch
pants to the fe, the ron-cad heroes of the Crusades, so
many centures before they appeared upon the scene.
th reference to the wrters of Gree omance, n
genera, there s one partcuar pont whch deserves men-
ton the more promnent manner n whch they brng for-
ward that se , whose nfuence s so powerfu upon socety,
but whose secuson n those eary tmes banshed them
from a partcpaton n the every day affars of fe.
The Gree omances, says Dunop, may be consdered
as amost the frst productons, n whch woman s n any
egree represented as assumng her proper staton of the
frend and companon of man. therto she had been con-
sdered amost n the ght of a save, ready to bestow her
affectons on whatever master mght happen to obtan her
but n eodorus and hs foowers, we see her an affec-
tonate gude and advser. e behod an unon of hearts
panted as a mansprng of our conduct n fe we are
deghted wth pctures of fdety, constancy, and chastty.
The same wrter sums up hs observatons upon the
Gree omances, by sayng: They are ess vauabe than
they mght have been, from gvng too much to adventure,
and too tte to manners and character but these have not
been atogether negected, and severa peasng pctures are
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P .
deneated of ancent customs and feengs. n short, these
eary fctons are such as mght have been e pected at the
frst effort, and must be consdered as not merey vauabe
n themseves, but as hghy estmabe n pontng out the
method of awa ng the most peasng sympathes of our
nature, and affectng most powerfuy the fancy and heart.
The popuarty of eodorus has found transators for hs
omance n amost every uropean anguage rance,
pan, tay, Poand, Germany, and oand have contr-
buted ther versons.
Pour Transatons have appeared n ngsh, by Thomas
TTnderdowne, ond.,1 87 . se, ond., 1 22 . Tate
and another hand, 1 8 asty, the transaton upon whch
the present one s based, 17 1.
mong these, se, who favoured the word wth a
Poetca verson of the Prose omance, affords us an
e ampe of an adventurous and fated wght.
Carmna u scrpst Muss et pone nuo.
poo and the ne ther heavy curse
n hm dd ay they bd hm go, wrte verse.
The evewer n ac wood desgnates hs producton, as
one of the most precous specmens of baderdash n e st-
ence a perfect terary curosty n ts way. f the
truth of whch any one, who w be at the troube of turnng
over hs pages, may satsfy hmsef.
The worthy man, at startng, prays earnesty for sp
of uor Castane, and havng done ths, he mounts and
does hs best to get Pegasus nto a canter but t s a n
van whp and spurs ava not the poor ade, spavned
and gaed,w not budge an nch however, nothng daunted,
the rowes and scourge are most unmercfuy apped the
wretched brute gets nto a nd of hobbng trot, whch
enabes the rder to say at the end of hs ourney
Ths have wrought wth day and nghty swn e
That after-comers now, when am dead,
, some good thng n fe endeavoured
To eep my name undrown d n ethe poo
n van (may seem) s weath or earnng ent
To man that eaves thereof no monument.
1
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P C .
The verson upon whch the present one s founded, s n
many paces more of a paraphrase than a transaton.
evera passages are entrey omtted, whe of others the
sense has been msta en t has been the endeavour of the
transator to remedy these defects, and to gve the meanng
of hs author as teray as s consstent wth avodng stff-
ness and ruggedness of stye.
th regard to ongt s nothng s nown of hs brth-
pace, nor s t certan at what perod he fourshed he s
generay supposed however to have ved durng the regn
of Theodosus the Great, n the fourth century. Photus
and udas, who have preserved the names of varous Gree
omance wrters, and have ewse gven us summares of
ther wor s, ma e no menton of hm.
n e tract from the wor of Mr. Dunop, on the s-
tory of cton, w form a sutabe ntroducton to ths
Pastora omance, the frst of ts nd, and one whch s
consdered to have had much nfuence upon the stye of
subse uent wrters of omance, n ancent tmes, as aso
among those of the moderns who have chosen for ther
theme a Pastora sub ect.
fter revewng the thopcs of eodorus, Mr. Dunop
goes on to say:
e now proceed to the anayss of a romance dfferent
n ts nature from the wor s aready mentoned and of a
speces whch may be dstngushed by the appeaton of
Pastora omance.
t may be con ectured wth much probabty, that
pastora composton sometmes e pressed the devoton,
and sometmes formed the entertanment of the frst gene-
ratons of man nd. The sacred wrtngs suffcenty nform
us that t e sted among the eastern natons durng the
earest ages. ura mages are everywhere scattered
through the d Testament and the ong of oomon n
partcuar beautfuy deneates the charms of a country
fe, whe t pants the most amabe affectons of the mnd,
and the sweetest scenery of nature. number of passages
of Theocrtus bear a str ng resembance to descrptons n
the nspred pastora and many crtcs have beeved that he
had studed ts beautes and transferred them to hs ecogues.
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P C .
Theocrtus was mtated n bs own daect by Moschus
and on and rg, ta ng advantage of a dfferent an-
guage coped, yet rvaed the can. The ucocs of the
oman bard seem to have been consdered as precudng a
attempts of the same nd for, f we e cept the feebe
efforts of Capurnus and hs contemporary emesanus,
who ved n the thrd century, no subse uent specmen of
pastora poetry was, as far as now, produced t the
revva of terature.
t was durng ths nterva that ongus, a Gree so-
phst, who s sad to have ved soon after the age of Tatus,
wrote hs pastora romance of Daphns and Choe, whch s
the earest, and by far the fnest e ampe that has appeared
of ths speces of composton. vang hmsef of the
beautes of the pastora poets who preceded hm, he has
added to ther smpcty of stye, and charmng pctures of
ature, a story whch possesses consderabe nterest. n
some respects a prose romance s better adapted than the
ecogue or drama to pastora composton. The ecogue s
confned wthn narrow mts, and must termnate before
nterest can be e cted. seres of ucocs, where two or
more shepherds are ntroduced contendng for the reward
of a croo or a d, and at most descantng for a short
tme on smar topcs, resembes a coecton of the frst
scenes of a number of comedes, of whch the commencement
can ony be stened to as unfodng the subse uent acton.
The drama s, no doubt, a better form of pastora wrtng
than detached ecogues, but at the same tme does not we
accord wth rustc manners and descrptons.
n dramatc composton, the representaton of strong
passons s best cacuated to produce nterest or emoton,
but the feengs of rura e stence shoud be panted as
tran u and cam. n choosng a prose romance as the
vehce of pastora wrtng, ongus has adopted a form that
may ncude a the beautes arsng from the descrpton of
rustc manners, or the scenery of nature, and whch, as far
as the ncdents of rura fe admt, may nterest by an
agreeabe fabe, and deght by a udcous aternaton of nar-
ratve and daogue. ongus has aso avoded many of the
fauts nto whch hs modern mtators have faen, and
whch have brought ths stye of composton nto so much
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T1 P C .
dsrepute hs characters never e press the concets of
affected gaantry, nor nvove themseves n abstract rea-
sonng he has not oaded hs romance wth those ong and
constanty recurrng epsodes, whch fatgue the attenton,
and render us ndfferent to the prncpa story. or does
he pant that chmerca state of socety, termed the goden
age, n whch the characterstc trats of rura fe are erased,
but attempts to pease by a genune mtaton of ature,
and by descrptons of the manners, the rustc occupatons,
or rura en oyments of the nhabtants of the country where
the scene of the pastora s ad.
The pastora s n genera very beautfuy wrtten the
stye, though t has been censured on account of the rete-
raton of the same forms of e presson, and as betrayng
the sophst n some passages by a pay on words, and
affected antthess, s consdered as the purest specmen of
the Gree anguage produced n that ate perod the de-
scrptons of rura scenery and rura occupatons are e -
tremey peasng, and f may use the e presson, there s
a sort of amenty and cam dffused over the whoe romance.
Ths, ndeed, may be consdered as the chef e ceenc-e n a
pastora snce we are not so much aured by the feedng
of sheep as by the stness of the country. n a our
actve pursuts, the end proposed s tran uty, and even
when we ose the hope of happness, we are attracted by
that of repose hence we are soothed and deghted wth ts
representaton, and fancy we parta e of the peasure.
There can be no doubt that the pastora of ongus had
a consderabe nfuence on the stye and ncdents of the
subse uent Gree romances, partcuary those of usta-
thus and Theodorus Prodromus but ts effects on modern
pastoras, partcuary those whch appeared n tay durng
the s teenth century, s a sub ect of more dffcuty. uet
s of opnon, that t was not ony the mode of the strea -
of D T rfe, and the Dana of Montemayor, but gave rse to
the taan dramatc pastora. Ths opnon s combated by
oson, on the grounds that the frst edton of ongus
was not pubshed t 1 8, and that Tasso ded n the
year 1 . t s true that the frst Gree edton of ongus
was not pubshed t 1 8, but there was a rench trans-
aton by myot, whch appeared n 1 , and one n atu
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P C . 11
verse by Gambara n 1 , ether of whch mght have
been seen by Tasso. ut athough ths argument, brought
forward by oson, be of tte ava, he s probaby rght
n the genera noton he has adopted that Daphns and
Choe was not the orgn of the pastora drama. The
acrfco of gostno eccar, whch was the earest
specmen of ths stye of composton, and was acted at
errara n 1 4, was wrtten prevous to the appearance of
any edton or verson of ongus. or s there any sm-
arty n the story or ncdents of the mnta to those n
Daphns and Choe, whch shoud ead us to magne that the
Gree romance had been mtated by Tasso.
t bears, however, a stronger eness to the more recent
dramatc pastoras of tay. These are fre uenty founded
on the e posure of chdren who, after beng brought up as
shepherds by reputed fathers, are dscovered by ther rea
parents by means of to ens fastened to them when they
were abandoned. There s aso a consderabe resembance
between the story of Daphns and Choe and that of the
Gente hepherd: the pot was suggested to amsay by
one of hs frends, who seems to have ta en t from the
Gree pastora. Marmonte, too, n hs nnette and ubn,
has mtated the smpcty and ne perence of the overs of
ongus. ut of a modern wrters the author who has
most cosey foowed ths romance s Gessner. n hs dys
there s the same poetca prose, the same beautfu rura
descrptons, and the same nnocence and smpcty n the
rustc characters. n hs pastora of Daphns, the scene of
whch s ad n Greece, he has panted, e ongus, the
eary and nnocent attachment of a shepherdess and swan,
and has ony embeshed hs pcture by the ncdents that
arse from rura occupatons and the revoutons of the year. To these observatons we may add, that ongus s sup-
posed by some to have furnshed to ernardn de t. Perre
the groundwor for hs beautfu tae of Pau and rgna.
Many ponts of resembance may certany be traced be-
tween the hero and herone of the respectve wor s the
descrpton of ther nnocence ther smpe and rustc
mode of fe, and ther occupaton and dversons. mong
the rest may be mentoned the descrptons of the sen-
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P C .
satons of ove when frst arsng n rgna and the pan-
tommc dance n whch she and Pau ta e part.
n anonymous and seect transaton of ongus,
pubshed at Truro, n 1803, has been ta en as the bass of
the present verson. The passages (and there are many)
omtted by the former transator are here gven, together
wth a consderabe fragment, frst dscovered by M. Pau
ous Courer, n 1810, n the aurentan brary at o-
rence. t has been the endeavour of the present transator
to ma e hs verson convey the sense of the orgna as
fathfu as possbe, e cept n some few passages ( egrego
mspersos corpore naevos ) where t has been consdered
advsabe to empoy the ve of a earned anguage.
n readng the wor of ongus, we must bear n mnd
that he was most probaby a heathen, or at any rate, that
he descrbes the heathen state of moras.
The foowng passage from Dr. ott s Preface to hs
transaton of Catuus w ustrate the prncpe upon
whch the present transator has gone, n presentng n an
ngsh dress passages -entrey omtted n the anonymous
verson, before referred to :
hen an ancent cassc s transated and e paned,
the wor may be consdered as formng a n n the chan
of hstory. story shoud not be fasfed, we ought
therefore to transate hm somewhat fary, and when he
gves us the manners of hs own day, however dsgustng to
our sensatons and repugnant to our natures they may
oftentmes prove, we must not, n transaton, suppress or
even too much goss them over, through a fastdous regard
to decacy.
ches Tatt s was a natve of e andra, commony
assgned to the second or thrd century of the Chrstan sera,
. . There have been two other ngsh versons of the wor
of ongus, one by George Thorney, n 1 7, another by ames Craggs,
n 17 4.
There are transatons n taan by Caro and Gozz, and a rench
oneby myot the frst verson of the omance uto a modern an-
guage, whch gves the sense of the orgna wth fdety, and at the
same tme wth great sprt and uantness.
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P .
but consdered by the best crtcs to have fourshed after
eodorus, to whom he s oo ed upon as ne t n pont of
terary mert, and whom he has more or ess mtated n
varous parts of hs wor s, e hm fre uenty ntroducng
nto the thread of hs narratve the gyptan buccaneers.
ccordng to udas, he became, towards the end of hs fe,
a Chrstan and a shop a statement whch s however
consdered doubtfu, as no menton s made by that e -
cographer of hs pscopa see, and Photus, who mentons
hm n three dfferent paces, s sent upon the sub ect.
n pont of stye, ches Tatus s consdered to e ce
eodorus and the other wrters of Gree omance. Pho-
tus says of hm, th regard to dcton and compo-
ston, Tatus seems to me to e ce when he empoys
fguratve anguage: t s cear and natura hs sentences
are precse and mpd, and such as by ther sweetness
greaty deght the ear.
e eodorus, one of hs prncpa e ceences es n
descrptons and though these, as Mr. Dunop observes,
are too u urant, they are n genera beautfu, the ob ects
beng at once we seected, and so panted as to form n the
mnd of the reader a dstnct and vey mage. s an
e ampe of hs mert n ths way, may be mentoned hs
descrpton of a garden, and of a tempest foowed by a shp-
wrec aso hs accounts of the pctures of uropa, n-
dromeda, and Prometheus, n whch hs descrptons and
crtcsms are e ecuted wth very consderabe taste and
feeng. The same wrter, however, usty notes the absurd
and au ward manner n whch the author, as f to show hs
varous ac urements, drags n wthout the sghtest neces-
sty, some of those mnute descrptons, vz., those of the
nec ace, and of dfferent zooogca curostes, n the econd
oo , together wth the nventon of purpe-dyng, and the
accounts drawn from natura hstory, whch are nterspersed
n the ourth oo .
n hs dscussons upon the passons of ove, and ts power
over human nature, however we may ob ect to the warmth
of hs descrpton, we cannot but aow the abty wth
whch the coours are ad on. -
The rse and progress of the passon of Ctopho for
eucppe, observes Mr. Dunop, s e tremey we e e 2
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P C .
cuted, of ths there s nothng n the romance of eo- dorus. Theagenes and Charcea, are at frst sght voenty
and mutuay enamoured n Tatus we have more of the
restess agtaton of ove and the arts of courtshp. ndeed
ths s by much the best part of the Ctopho and eucppe,
as the author dscoses very consderabe ac uantance wth
the human heart. Ths nowedge aso appears n the sen-
tments scattered through the wor , though t must be con-
fessed, that n many of hs remar s he s apt to subtze
and refne too much.
n the hero of hs wor , ches Tatus s more unfor-
tunate even than eodorus. Ctopho, says a revewer,
s a human body, unnformed wth a human sou, but
devered up to a the nstncts of nature and the senses.
e nether commands respect by hs courage, nor affecton
by hs constancy. s n the wor of eodorus so n
that of ches Tatus, t s the herone who e ctes our
sympathy and nterest: eucppe, patent, hgh-mnded,
resgned and frm, endures adversty wth grace preservng
throughout the hepessness and temptatons of captvty,
rreproachabe purty and constancy unchangeabe.
n concudng these remar s upon one of the three chef
wrters of Gree omance, one more observaton of Mr.
Dunop w not be out of pace. Tatus, he says, has
been much bamed for the mmoraty of hs omance, and
t must be ac noweged that there are partcuar passages
whch are e tremey e ceptonabe yet, however odous
some of these maybe consdered, the genera mora tendency
of the story s good a remar whch may be e tended to a
the Gree omances. Tatus punshes hs hero and herone
for eopng from ther father s house, and afterwards rewards
them for ther ong fdety.
evera rench transatons of ches Tatus have
appeared an taan one by Cocco aso an ngsh one,
pubshed at ford n 1 38, whch the present wrter, after
many n ures, has been unabe to procure a sght of.
. .
ctober, 18 .
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D U .
T P C :
,
D TU T G D C C .
T7MM T.
.8 the thread of the story n the thopcs s rather
entanged, through the author s method of teng t, the
foowng summary from Dunop s story of cton,
w be usefu.
The acton of the romance s supposed to ta e pace pre-
vous to the age of e ander the Great, whe gypt was
trbutary to the Persan monarchs. Durng that perod a
ueen of thopa, caed Persna, havng vewed at an
amorous crss a statue of ndromeda, gves brth to a
daughter of far compe on. earng that her husband
mght not thn the cause proportoned to the effect, she
commts the nfant n charge to smthres, an thopan
senator, and deposts n hs hands a rng and some wrtngs,
e panng the crcumstances of her brth. The chd s
named Charcea, and remans for seven years wth her
reputed father. t the end of ths perod he becomes
doubtfu of her power to preserve her chastty any onger
n her natve country he therefore determnes to carry
her aong wth hm, on an embassy to whch he had been
apponted, to roondates, satrap of gypt. n that and he
accdentay meets Charces, prest of Deph, who was tra-
veng on account of domestc affctons, and to hm he
transfers the care of Charcea. Charces brngs her to
v
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D U . DU P s UMM T.
Deph, and destnes her for the wfe of hs nephew ca-
menes. n order to reconce her mnd to ths aance, he
devers her over to Caasrs, an gyptan prest, who at
that perod resded at Deph, and undertoo to prepossess
her n favour of the young man. bout the same tme,
Theagenes, a Thessaan, and descendant of ches, comes
to Deph, for the performance of some sacred rte: The-
agenes and Charcea, havng seen each other n the tempe,
become mutuay enamoured.
Caasrs, who had been engaged to nfuence the mnd
of Charcea n favour of her ntended husband camenes, s
warned n a vson by poo that he shoud return to hs
own country, and ta e Theagenes and Charcea aong wth
hm. enceforth hs whoe attenton s drected to deceve
Charces, and effect hs escape from Deph. avng met
wth some Phoencan merchants, and havng nformed the
overs of hs ntentons, he sets sa aong wth them for
cy, to whch country the Phoencan vesse was bound
but soon after, passng acynthus, the shp s attac ed by
prates, who carry Caasrs and those under hs protecton
to the coast of gypt.
n the ban s of the e, Trachnus, the captan of the
prates, prepares a feast to soemnze hs nuptas wth Cha-
rcea but Caasrs, wth consderabe ngenuty havng
persuaded Peorus, the second n command, that Charcea
s enamoured of hm, a contest naturay arses between
hm and Trachnus durng the feast, and the other prates,
espousng dfferent sdes of the uarre, are a san e cept
Peorus, who s attac ed and put to fght by Theagenes.
The stratagem of Caasrs, however, s of tte ava,
e cept to hmsef: for mmedatey after the contest, whe
Caasrs s sttng on a h at some dstance, Theagenes and
Charcea are sezed by a band of gyptan robbers, who
conduct them to an estabshment formed on an sand n a
remote a e. Thyams, the captan of the bandtt, becomes
enamoured of Charcea, and decares an ntenton of espous-
ng her. Charcea pretends that she s the sster of Thea-
genes, n order that the eaousy of the robber may not be
e cted, and the safety of her over endangered. Charcea,
however, s not ong compeed to assume ths character of
sster.
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D U . DU P UMM T. 111
The coony s speedy destroyed by the forces of the
satrap of gypt, who was e cted to ths act of authorty
by a compant from ausces, a Gree merchant, that the
bandtt had carred off hs mstress. Thyans, the captan
of the robbers, escapes by fght, and Cnemon, a young
thenan, who had been detaned n the coony, and wth
whom Theagenes had formed a frendshp durng hs con-
fnement, sets out n uest of hm.
Theagenes and Charcea depart soon after on ther way
to a certan vage, where they had agreed to meet Cnemon,
but are ntercepted on the road by the satrap s forces.
Theagenes s sent as a present to the ng of Persa
and Charcea, beng fasey camed by ausces as hs ms-
tress, s conducted to hs house. ere Caasrs had acc-
dentay f ed hs abode, snce hs separaton from Thea-
genes and Charcea and was aso dong the honours of
the house to Cnemon n the andord s absence. Charcea
beng recognsed by Caasrs, ausces abandons the cam
to her whch he had advanced, and sets sa wth Cnemon
for Greece, whe Caasrs and Charcea proceed n search
of Theagenes. n arrvng at Memphs, they fnd that wth
hs usua good uc , he had agan faen nto the power of
Thyams, and was besegng that capta aong wth the robber.
treaty of peace, however, s speedy concuded. Thy-
ams s dscovered to be the son of Caasrs, and s eected
hgh-prest of Memphs.
rsace, who commanded n that cty, n the absence of
her husband, fas n ove wth Theagenes but as he per-
severes n resstng a her advances, and n mantanng hs
fdety to Charcea, she orders hm to be put to the tor-
ture: she aso commands her nurse, who was the usua
confdant of her amours and nstrument of her cruety, to
poson Charcea but the cup-bearer havng gven the
nurse the gobet ntended for Charcea, she e pres n con-
vusons. Ths, however, serves as a prete t to eonderm
Charcea as a posoner, and she s accordngy apponted to
be burnt. fter she had ascended the pe, and the fre had
been ghted, she s saved for that day by the mracubus
effects of the stone Pantarbe, whch she wore about her
person, and whch warded off the fames. Durng the en-
sung nght a messenger arrves from roondates, the
husband of rsace, who was at the tme carryng on a
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D U . DU r T MM T.
war aganst the thopans: he had been nformed of the
msconduct of hs wfe, and had despatched one of hs
offcers to Memphs, wth orders to brng Theagenes and
Charcea to hs camp. rsace hangs hersef but the overs
are ta en prsoners, on ther way to roondates, by the
scouts of the thopan army, and are conducted to y-
daspes, who was at that tme besegng roondates n
yene. Ths cty havng been ta en, and roondates van-
ushed n a great batte, ydaspes returns to hs capta,
Meroe, where, by advce of the Gymnosophsts, he proposes
to sacrfce Theagenes and Charcea to the un and Moon,
the detes of thopa.
s vrgns were aone entted to the prvege of beng
accepted as vctms, Charcea s sub ected to a tra of chas-
tty. Theagenes, whe on the very brn of sacrfce, per-
forms many feats of strength and de terty. bu, whch
was hs companon n msfortune, havng bro en from the
atar, Theagenes foows hm on horsebac and subdues hm.
t ength, when the two overs are about to be mmo-
ated, Charcea, by means of the rng and fet whch had
been attached to her at her brth, and had been carefuy
preserved, s dscovered to be the daughter of ydaspes,
whch s further confrmed by the testmony of smthres,
once her reputed father and by the opportune arrva of
Charces, prest of Deph, who was wanderng through the
word n search of Charcea. fter some demur on the
part of the Gymnosophsts, Charcea obtans her own
reease and that of Theagenes, s unted to hm n marrage,
and ac nowedged as heress of the thopan empre.
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0 G U .
M C D P D C .
UMM T.
n the neghourhood of Mytene, the prncpa cty of
esbos, amon, a goatherd, as he was one day tendng hs
foc , dscovered an nfant suc ng one of hs goats wth
surprsng de terty. e ta es home the chd, and pre-
sents hm to hs wfe Myrtae at the same tme he devers
to her a purpe mante wth whch the boy was adorned, and
a tte sword wth an vory ht, whch was yng by hs
sde. amon havng no chdren of hs own, resoves to
brng up the foundng, and bestows on hm the pastora
name of Daphns.
bout two years after ths occurrence, Dryas, a negh-
bourng shepherd, fnds n the cave of the ymphs, a
femae nfant, nursed by one of hs ewes. The chd s
brought to the cottage of Dryas, receves the name of Choe,
and s chershed by the od man as f she had been hs
daughter.
hen Daphns had reached the age of ffteen and
Choe that of tweve, amon and Dryas, ther reputed
fathers, had correspondng dreams on the same nght. The
ymphs of the cave n whch Choe had been dscovered
appear to each of the od shepherds, deverng Daphns and
Choe to a wnged boy, wth a bow and arrows, who com-
mands that Daphns shoud be sent to eep goats, and the
gr to tend the sheep. Daphns and Choe have not ong
rom Dunop s story of cton.
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GU . Dn T T MM T.
entered on ther new empoyments, whch they e ercse
wth a care of ther foc s ncreased by a nowedge of the
crcumstances of ther nfancy, when chance brngs them to
pasture on the same spot. Daphns coects the wanderng
sheep of Choe, and Choe drves from the roc s the goats
of Daphns. They ma e reeds n common, and share
together ther m and ther wne ther youth, ther
beauty, the season of the year, everythng tends to nspre
them wth a mutua passon: at ength Daphns havng
one day faen nto a covered pt whch was dug for a
wof, and beng consderaby hurt, receves from Choe a
ss, whch serves as the frst fue to the fame of ove.
Choe had another admrer, Dorco the cowherd, who
havng n van re uested her n marrage from Dryas, her
reputed father, resoves to carry her off by force for ths
purpose he dsguses hmsef as a wof, and ur s among
some bushes near a pace where Choe used to pasture her
sheep. n ths garb he s dscovered and attac ed by the
dogs, but s preserved from beng torn to peces by the
tmey arrva of Daphns.
n the begnnng of autumn some Tyran prates, havng
anded on the sand, seze the o en of Dorco, and carry off
Daphns whom they meet saunterng on the shore. Choe
hearng hm cang for assstance from the shp, fes for
hep to Dorco, and reaches hm when he s ust e prng of
the wounds nfcted by the corsars of Tyre. efore hs
death he gves her hs ppe, on whch, after she had cosed hs
eyes, she pays accordng to hs nstructons a certan tune,
whch beng heard by the o en n the Tyran vesse, they
a eap overboard and overset the shp. The prates beng
oaded wth heavy armour are drowned, but Daphns swms
safe to shore.
ere ends the frst boo and n the second the author
proceeds to reate, that durng autumn Daphns and Choe
were engaged n the abours, or rather the deghts, of the
vntage. fter the grapes had been gathered and pressed,
and the new wne treasured n cas s, havng returned to
feed ther foc s, they are accosted one day by an od man,
named Phetas, who tes them a ong story of seeng Cupd
n a garden, addng, that Daphns and Choe were to be
dedcated to hs servce the overs naturay en ure who
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C T T . t P MM T.
Cupd s, for, athough they had fet hs nfuence, they were
gnorant of hs name. Phetas descrbes hs power and hs
attrbutes, and ponts out the remedy for the pan he
nfcts.
The progress of ther ove was on one occason nter-
rupted by the arrva of certan youths of Methymnsea, who
anded near that part of the sand where Daphns fed hs foc s, n order to en oy the peasures of the chace durng
vntage. The twgs by whch the shp of these sportsmen
was ted to the shore had been eaten through by some goats,
and the vesse had been carred away by the tde and the
and breeze. ts crew havng proceeded up the country n
search of the owner of the anmas, and not havng found
hm, sezed Daphns as a substtute, and ash hm severey,
t other shepherds come to hs assstance. Phetas
s apponted udge between Daphns and the Methym-
na ans, but the atter, refusng to abde by hs decson,
whch was unfavourabe to them, are drven from the terr-
tory. They return, however, ne t day, and carry off Choe,
wth a great uantty of booty. avng anded at a pace
of sheter whch ay n the course of ther voyage, they pass
the nght n festvty, but at dawn of day they are terrfed
by the unoo ed-for appearance of Pan, who threatens them wth beng drowned before they arrve at ther ntended
pace of destnaton, uness they set Choe at berty.
Through ths nterposton she s aowed to return home,
and s speedy restored to the arms of Daphns. The
gratefu overs sng hymns to the ymphs. n the foow-
ng day they sacrfce to Pan, and hang a goat s s n on a
pne ad onng hs mage. The feast whch foows ths
ceremony s attended by a the od shepherds n the negh-
bourhood, who recount the adventures of ther youth, and
ther chdren dance to the sound of the ppe.
The Thrd oo commences wth the approach of wnter.
The season of the year precudes the ntervews of Daphns
and Choe. They coud no onger meet n the feds, and
Daphns was afrad to e cte suspcon by vstng the ob ect
of hs passon at the cottage of Dryas. e ventures, how-
ever, to approach ts vcnty, under prete t of ayng snares
for brds. ngaged n ths empoyment, he wats a ong
tme wthout any person appearng from the house. t
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111 10 GU . DU P UMM .
ength, when about to depart, Dryas hmsef comes out n
pursut of a dog, who had run off wth the famy dnner.
e perceves Daphns wth hs game, and accordngy, as a
proftabe specuaton, nvtes hm nto the cottage. The
brds he had caught are prepared for supper, a second cup s
fed, a new fre s nded, and Daphns s as ed to reman
ne t day to attend a sacrfce to be performed to acchus.
y acceptng the nvtaton, he for some tme onger en oys
the socety of Choe. The overs part, prayng for the revva
of sprng but whe the wnter asted, Daphns fre uenty
vsts the habtaton of Dryas. hen sprng returns, Daph-
ns and Choe are the frst to ead out ther foc s to pasture.
Ther ardour when they meet n the feds s ncreased by ong
absence and the season of the year, but ther hearts reman
nnocent, a purty whch the author st mputes, not to
vrtue, but to gnorance.
Chroms, an od man n the neghbourhood, had marred
a young woman caed ycsenum, who fas n ove wth
Daphns she becomes ac uanted wth the perpe ty n
whch he s paced wth regard to Choe, and resoves at once
to gratfy her own passon and to free hm from hs embar-
rassment.
Daphns, however, st hestates to practse wth Choe
the esson he had receved from ycsenum.
n the ourth oo we are tod that, towards the cose
of summer, a feow-servant of amon arrves from Myt-
ene, to announce that the ord of the terrtory on whch the
reputed fathers of Daphns and Choe pasture ther foc s,
woud be wth them at the approach of vntage. amon
prepares everythng for hs recepton wth much assduty,
but bestows partcuar attenton on the embeshment of a
spacous garden whch ad oned hs cottage, and of.whch the
dfferent parts are descrbed as havng been arranged n a
manner ftted to nspre a the agreeabe emotons whch the
art of gardenng can produce. n ths garden Daphns
had paced hs chef hopes of concatng the good-w of hs
master and, through hs favour, of beng unted to Choe.
amps, a cowherd, who had as ed Choe n marrage from
Dryas, and had been refused, resoves on the destructon of
ths garden. ccordngy, when t s dar , he tears out the
shrubs by the roots and trampes on the fowers. Dreadfu
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G . DT P T MM T.
s the consternaton of amon on behodng on the foow-
ng mornng the havoc that had been made. Towards even-
ng hs terror s ncreased by the appearance o udromus,
one of hs master s servants, who gves notce that he woud
be wth them n three days. styus (the son of Donv-
sophanes, propretor of the terrtory) arrves frst, and
promses to obtan pardon from hs father of the mschance
that had happened to the garden. styus s accompaned
by a paraste, Gnatho, who s smtten wth a frendshp a a
rec ue for Daphns. Ths havng come to the nowedge
of amon, who overhears the paraste as and obtan
Daphns as a page from styus, he conceves t ncumbent
on hm to revea to Donysophanes, who had by ths tme
arrved, the mysteres attendng the nfancy of Daphns.
e at the same tme produces the ornaments he had found
wth the chd, on whch Donysophanes nstanty recognzes
hs son. avng marred eary n youth, he had a daughter
and two sons, but beng a prudent man, and satsfed wth
ths stoc , he had e posed hs fourth chd, Daphns: a
measure whch had become somewhat ess e pedent, as hs
daughter and one of hs sons ded mmedatey after, on the
same day, and styus aone survved. The change n the
stuaton of Daphns does not ater hs attachment to Choe.
e begs her n marrage of hs father, who, beng nformed
of the crcumstances of her nfancy, nvtes a the dstn-
gushed persons n the neghbourhood to a festva, at whch
the artces of dress found aong wth Choe are e hbted.
The success of ths devce fuy answers e pectaton, Choe
beng ac nowedged as hs daughter by Megaces, one of the
guests, who was now n a prosperous condton, but had
e posed hs chd whe n dffcutes. There beng now no
farther obstace of the unon of Daphns and Choe, ther
marrage s soemnzed wth rustc pomp, and they ead
through the rest of ther days a happy and pastora fe.
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C T T U .
T C T P D UC PP .
UMM
Ctopho, engaged n marrage to hs haf-sster Ca-
gone, resded at hs father ppas house n Tyre, where
hs cousn eucppe came to see refuge from a war whch
was at that tme carred on aganst her natve country
yzantum. These young reatves became mutuay ena-
moured. Casthenes of yzantum carres off Cagone
by msta e nstead of eucppe, and eucppe s mother
havng dscovered Ctopho one nght n the chamber of her
daughter, the overs resoved to avod the effects of her
anger by fght.
ccompaned by Cnas, a frend of Ctopho, they
saed, n the frst nstance, for erytus. fter a short stay
there, the fugtves set out for e andra: the vesse was
wrec ed on the thrd day of the voyage, but Ctopho and
eucppe, adherng wth great presence of mnd to the same
pan , were drven on shore near Peusum, n gypt. t
ths pace they hred a vesse to carry them to e andra,
but whe sang up the e they were sezed by a band of
robbers, who nfested the ban s of the rver. The robbers
were soon after attac ed by the gyptan forces, com-
manded by Charmdes, to whom Ctopho escaped durng
the heat of the engagement. eucppe, however, remaned
n the power of the enemy, who, wth much soemnty ap-
parenty rpped up our herone cose to the army of Char-
mdes, and n the sght of her over, who was prevented
from nterferng by a deep fosse whch separated the two
armes.
The dtch havng been fed up, Ctopho n the course
of the nght went to mmoate hmsef on the spot where
rom Dunop s story of ctoD.
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C T T T . DD P T MM T.
eucppe had been nterred. e arrved at her tomb, but
was prevented from e ecutng hs purpose by the sudden
appearance of hs servant atyrus, and of Meneaus, a
young man who had saed wth hm n the vesse from
erytus. These two persons had aso escaped from the
shpwrec , and had afterwards faen nto the power of the
robbers. y them eucppe had been accommodated wth
a fase uterus, made of sheep s s n, whch gave rse to the
decepto vss above reated.
t the command of Meneaus, eucppe ssued from
the tomb, and proceeded wth Ctopho and Meneaus to
the uarters of Charmdes. n a short tme th com-
mander became enamoured of eucppe, as dd aso Gorgas,
one of hs offcers. Gorgas gave her a poton cacuated to
nspre her wth recproca passon but whch beng too
strong, affected her wth a speces of madness of a very
ndecorous character. he s cured, however, by Chaereas,
another person who had faen n ove wth her, and had
dscovered the secret of the poton from the servant of
Gorgas.
Ta ng Chaereas aong wth them, Ctopho and eu-
cppe sa for e andra. oon after ther arrva, eucppe
was carred off from the neghbourhood of that pace, and
hurred on board a vesse by a troop of bandtt empoyed
by Chaereas. Ctopho pursued the vesse, but when ust
comng up wth t he saw the head of a person whom he
mstoo for eucppe struc off by the robbers. Dsheart-
ened by ths ncdent, he ren ushed the pursut, and
returned to e andra. There he was nformed that
Metta, a rch phesan wdow, at that tme resdng at e -
andra, had faen n ove wth hm. Ths ntegence he
receved from hs od frend Cnas, who after the wrec of
the vesse n whch he had embar ed wth Ctopho, had got
on shore by the usua e pedent of a pan , and now
suggested to hs frend that he shoud ava hmsef of the
predecton of Metta.
n compance wth ths suggeston, he set sa wth her
for phesus, but perssted n postponng the nuptas t
they shoud reach that pace, n spte of the most vehement
mportuntes on the part of the wdow. n ther arrva
at phesus the marrage too pace but before Metta s
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C T T U . DU P UMM .
ob ect had been accompshed, Ctopho dscovered eucppe
among hs wfe s saves andThersander, Meta s husband,
who was supposed to be drowned, arrved at phesus.
Ctopho was nstanty confned by the enraged husband
but, on condton of puttng the ast sea to the now nvad
marrage, he escaped by the nterventon of Metta. e
had not proceeded far when he was overta en by Ther-
sander, and brought bac to confnement. Thersander, of
course, fe n ove wth eucppe, but not beng abe to
engage her affectons, he brought two actons one decara-
tory, that eucppe was hs save, and a prosecuton aganst
Ctopho for marryng hs wfe. Ctopho escapes beng
put to the torture by the opportune arrva of ostratus,
eucppe s father, sent on a sacred embassy.
eucppe s at ast sub ected to a tra of chastty n the
cave of Dana, from whch the sweetest musc ssued when
entered by those who resembed ts goddess. ever were
notes heard so meodous as those by whch eucppe was
vndcated. Thersander was, of course, nonsuted, and re-
tred, oaded wth nfamy. eucppe then reated to her
father and Ctopho that t was a woman dressed n her
cothes whose head had been struc off by the bandtt, n
order to deter Ctopho from further pursut, but that a
uarre havng arsen among them on her account, Chaereas
was san, and after hs death she was sod by .the other
prates to osthenes. y hm she had been purchased for
Thersander, n whose servce she remaned t dscovered
by Ctopho.
ostratus then reates how Casthenes, after dscover-
ng hs msta e, became enamoured of Cagone, conducted
her to yzantum, treated her wth a respect, e pressng
hs determnaton not to marry her wthout her own and
her father s consent. The party n a few days sa to y-
zantum, where the nuptas of Ctopho and eucppe ta e
pace. horty afterwards they proceed to Tyre, and are
present at the weddng of Casthenes and Cagone, who
had arrved n that cty before them.
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T
D TU

T G D C C .
The day had begun to sme cheery, and the sun was
aready gdng the tops of the hs, when a band of men, n
arms and appearance prates, havng ascended the summt
of a mountan whch stretches down towards the eraceotcf
mouth of the e, paused and contempated the sea whch
was e panded before them. hen not a sa appeared on
the water to gve them hopes of a booty, they cast ther
eyes upon the neghbourng shore where the scene was as
foows: a shp was rdng at anchor, abandoned by her
crew but to a appearance aden wth merchandze, as she
drew much water. The beach was strewn wth bodes
newy saughtered some ute dead, others dyng, yet st
breathng, gave sgns of a combat recenty ended. Tet t
appeared not to have been a desgned engagement but
Pracy was not n those tmes consdered dshonorabe but the
contrary. Thucyd. . . 4.
f Caed by erodotus, . . 17, the ucoc mouth. t seems
cear that the phrase was derved from the nhabtants of the regon, a
horde of pratca herdsmen, apparenty of dfferent race from the
agrcutura gyptans. They haunted the most marshy part of the
Deta, where the papyrus reeds effectuay mas ed ther retreats.
a esey s erodotus.
t 7r rprov ua-r pa to the thrd wae. The waes are strong
pan s e tendng aong a shp s sde through the whoe ength at df-
ferent heghts, servng to strengthen the dec s and form the curves.
passage n the Cycops of urpdes may ustrate the above
yawpae arbg 3))c,
ff a oc o eac wc ytpa
ror o fa yaarpbg a pnf. Cycops. 03.
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2 T D TU
there were mnged wth these dreadfu spectaces the frag-
ments of an unuc y feast, whch seemed to have concuded
n ths fata manner. There were tabes, some yet spread
wth eatabes others overturned upon those who had
hoped to hde themseves under them others grasped by
hands whch had snatched them up as weapons. Cups ay
n dsorder, haf faen out of the hands of those who had
been drn ng from them, or whch had been fung nstead of
msses for the suddenness of the affray had converted
gobets nto weapons.
ere ay one wounded wth an a e, another brused by a
she pc ed up on the beach, a thrd had hs mbs bro en
wth a bet, a fourth was burnt wth a torch, but the
greater part were transf ed wth arrows n short, the
strangest contrast was e hbted wthn the shortest com-
pass wne mnged by fate wth bood, war wth feast-
ng, drn ng and fghtng, batons and saughters. uch
was the scene that presented tsef to the eyes of the
prates.
They gazed some tme, puzzed and astonshed. The van-
ushed ay dead before them, but they nowhere saw the
con uerors the vctory was pan enough, but the spos
were not ta en away the shp rode uety at anchor,
though wth no one on board, yet unpaged, as much as f
t had been defended by a numerous crew, and as f a had
been peace. They soon, however, gave up con ecturng,
and began to thn of punder and consttutng themseves
vctors, advanced to seze the prey. ut as they came near
the shp, and the fed of saughter, a spectace presented
tsef whch perpe ed them more than any whch they had
yet seen. maden of uncommon and amost heaveny
beauty sat upon a roc she seemed deepy affcted at the
scene before her, but amdst that affcton preserved an ar
of dgnty. er head was crowned wth aure she had a
uver at her shouder under her eft arm was a bow, the
other hung neggenty down she rested her eft ebow on
her rght nee, and eanng her chee on her open hand,
oo ed earnesty down on a youth who ay upon the ground
at some dstance. e, wounded a over, seemed to be
recoverng a tte from a deep and amost deady trance
yet, even n ths stuaton, he appeared of many beauty,
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T G T D C C . 3
and the whteness of hs chee s became more conspcuous
from the bood whch fowed upon them. Pan had de-
pressed hs eye-ds, yet wth dffcuty he rased them
towards the maden and coectng hs sprts, n a angud
voce thus addressed her (whe the prates were st gazng
upon both): My ove, are you ndeed ave or, has the
rage of war nvoved you aso n ts mseres f ut you
cannot bear even n death to be entrey separated from me,
for your sprt st hovers round me and my fortunes.
My fate, reped the maden, depends on thee: dost
thou see ths (showng hm a dagger whch ay on her
nee) t has yet been de because thou st breathedst
and sayng ths, she sprang from the roc .
The prates upon the mountan, struc wth wonder and
admraton, as by a sudden fash of ghtnng, began to hde
themseves among the bushes for at her rsng she appeared
st greater and more dvne. er shafts ratted as she
moved her god-embrodered garments gttered n the
sun and her har fowed, from under her aure dadem, n
dsheveed rngets down her nec .
The prates, aarmed and confused, were totay at a oss
to account for ths appearance, whch puzzed them more
than the prevous spectace some sad t was the goddess
Dana, or ss, the tuteary dety of the country others,
that t was some prestess, who, nspred by a dvne frenzy
from the gods, had caused the saughter they behed ths
they sad at random, st n gnorance and doubt. he, fyng
towards the youth and embracng hm, wept, ssed hm,
wped off the bood, fetched a deep sgh, and seemed as f
she coud yet scarcey beeve she had hm n her arms.
The gyptans, observng ths, began to change ther
opnon. These, sad they, are not the actons of a dety
a goddess woud not wth so much affecton ss a dyng
body. They encouraged one another therefore to go nearer,
and to n ure nto the rea state of thngs. Coectng
themseves together, then, they ran down and reached the
ndum sanguneo veut voaverat ostro
us ebur. n. s. 7.
f y yova ro epov rdppyov. The e presson ro fov rapgyov
means a by-wor somethng done by-the-by. Thucyd. . . 142.
ad, . . 4 .
2
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4 T D TU
maden, as she was bused about the wounds of the youth
and pacng themseves behnd her, made a stand, not darng
to say or do any thng. ut she, started at the nose they
made, and the shadow they cast, rased hersef up and ust
oo ng at them, agan bent down, not n the east terrfed
at ther unusua compe on and pratca appearance, but
earnesty apped hersef to the care of the wounded youth:
so totay does vehement affecton, and sncere ove, overoo
or dsregard whatever happens from wthout, be t peasng
or terrfyng and confnes and empoys every facuty, both
of sou and body, to the beoved ob ect. ut when the
prates advancng, stood n front, and seemed preparng to
seze her, she rased hersef agan, and seeng ther dar com-
pe on and rugged oo s, f you are the shades of the
san, sad she, why do you troube me Most of you
fe by each other s hands f any ded by mne t was n ust
defence of my endangered chastty. ut, f you are vng
men, t appears to me that you are prates you come very
opportuney to free me from my msfortunes, and to fnsh
my unhappy story by my death. Thus she spa e n tragc
stran.f
They not understandng what she sad, and from the wea
condton of the youth, beng under no apprehenson of
ther escapng, eft them as they were and proceedng to
the shp, began to unoad t. t was fu of varous mer-
chandze but they cared for nothng but the god, sver,
precous stones, and s en garments, of a whch artces
they carred away as much as they were abe. hen they
thought they had enough, (and they found suffcent even to
satsfy the avdty of prates,) pacng ther booty on the
shore, they dvded t nto portons not accordng to vaue but
to weght ntendng to ma e what reated to the maden
and the youth, matter of ther ne t consderaton. t ths
nstant another band of punderers appeared, ed by two
men on horsebac whch as soon as the frst party ob-
served, they fed precptatey away, eavng ther booty
behnd them, est they shoud be pursued for they were
but ten, whereas those who came down upon them were at
fu descrpton of the persona appearance of the buccaneers
w be found n ches Tatus. . . c. .
. fv ravra rrpayty u.
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T G 1 C C . 0
east twce as many. The maden n ths manner ran a
second rs of beng ta en captve.
The prates hastenng to ther prey, yet from surprse
and gnorance of the facts stopt a tte. They concuded
the saughter they saw to have been the wor of the frst
robbers but seeng the mad n a foregn and magnfcent
dress, tte affected by the aarmng crcumstances whch
surrounded her, empoyng her whoe attenton about the
wounded youth, and seemng to fee hs pans as f they
were her own, they were much struc wth her beauty and
greatness of mnd: they vewed wth wonder too the nobe
form and stature of the young man, who now began to
recover hmsef a tte, and to assume hs usua coun-
tenance. fter some tme, the eader of the band advan-
cng, ad hands upon the maden, and ordered her to arse
and foow hm. he, not understandng hs anguage, yet
guessng at hs meanng, drew the youth after her (who st
ept hod of her) and pontng to a dagger at her bosom,
made sgns that she woud stab hersef, uness they too
both away together.
The captan, comprehendng what she meant, and pro-
msng hmsef a vauabe addton to hs troop n the youth,
f he shoud recover, dsmounted from hs horse, and ma ng
hs eutenant dsmount too, put the prsoners upon
ther horses, and ordered the rest to foow when they had
coected the booty he hmsef wa ed by ther sde, ready
to support them, n case they shoud be n danger of
fang. There was somethng nobe n ths a commander
appearng to serve, and a vctor watng upon hs captves
such s the power of natve dgnty and beauty, that t
can even mpose upon the mnd of a prate, and subdue the
fercest of men.
They traveed about two furongs aong the shore then,
eavng the sea on ther rght hand, they turned towards
the mountans, and wth some dffcuty ascendng them,
they arrved at a nd of morass, whch e tended on the
other sde. The features of the pace were these: the
whoe tract s caed The Pasturage by the gyptans n
t there s a vaey, whch receves certan overfowngs
of the e, and forms a a e, the depth of whch n
the centre s unfathomabe. n the sdes t shoas nto
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0 T D TU 8
ft marsh for, as the shore s to the sea, such are marshes
to a es.
ere the gyptan prates have ther uarters one
buds a sort of hut upon a bt of ground whch appears
above the water another spends hs fe on board a vesse,
whch serves hm at once for transport and habtaton.
ere ther wves wor for them and brng forth ther
chdren, who at frst are nourshed wth ther mother s
m , and afterwards wth fsh dred n the sun when they
begn to craw about they te a strng to ther ances, and
suffer them to go the ength of the boat. Thus ths
nhabtant of the Pasturage s born upon the a e, s rased
n ths manner, and consders ths morass as hs country,
affordng as t does sheter and protecton for hs pracy.
Men of ths descrpton therefore are contnuay foc ng
thther the water serves them as a ctade, and the uan-
tty of reeds as a fortfcaton. avng cut ob ue channes
among these, wth many wndngs, easy to themseves, but
very dffcut, for others, they magned themseves secure
from any sudden nvason such was the stuaton of the
a e a nd ts nhabtants.
ere about sunset, the prate-chef and hs foowers
arrved they made ther prsoners dsmount, and dsposed
of the booty n ther boats. crowd of others, who had
remaned at home, appearng out of the morass, ran to
meet them, and receved the chef as f he had been ther
ng and seeng the uantty of spos, and amost dvne
beauty of the maden, magned that ther companons
had been pagng some tempe, and had brought away
the prestess, or perhaps the breathng mage of the dety
or a further descrpton of the buccaneer stronghod, see ches
Tatus, . v. c. 14.
Perhaps eodorus (afterwards a bshop) had derved the materas
for hs graphc descrpton of ther haunts and manners from persona
resdence among them, as was the case (so orace apoe nforms
U3) wth rchbshop ac burne (temp. Geo. ,) who n hs younger
days s sad to have been a buccaneer. n erod, v. 1 , s a curous
account of a fshug-town but n the a e Prasas, e acty corre-
spondng wth the descrpton of The Pasturage n eodorus.
ttvovv dya fa.
nd there she stood, so cam and pae
That, but her breathng dd not fa,
nd moton sght of eye and head,
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T G D C MC . 7
hersef. They prased the vaour of ther captan, and con-
ducted hm to hs uarters these were n a tte sand at
a dstance from the rest, set apart for hmsef and hs few
attendants. hen they arrved he dsmssed the greater
part, orderng them to assembe there agan on the morrow
and then ta ng a short repast wth the few who remaned,
he devered hs captves to a young Gree (whom he had
not ong before ta en to serve as an nterpreter), assgnng
them a part of hs own hut for ther habtaton gvng
strct orders that the wounded youth shoud have a pos-
sbe care ta en of hm, and the maden be treated wth the
utmost respect and then, fatgued wth hs e pedton, and
the weght of cares whch ay upon hm, he betoo hmsef
to rest.
ence now prevaed throughout the morass, and t was
the frst watch of nght, when the maden, beng freed from
observers, sezed ths opportunty of bewang her ms-
fortunes ncned to do so the rather, perhaps, by the stness and sotude of the nght, n whch there was
nether sound nor sght to drect her attenton, and ca off
her mnd from rumnatng on ts sorrows. he ay n a
separate apartment on a tte couch on the ground and
fetchng a deep sgh, and sheddng a food of tears,
poo, she cred, how much more severey dost thou
punsh me than have deserved s not what have
aready suffered suffcent Deprved of my frends, cap-
tured by prates, e posed to a thousand dangers at sea, and
now agan n the power of buccaneers, am st to e pect
somethng worse here are my woes to end f n
death, free from dshonour, embrace t wth oy but f
that s to be ta en from me by force, whch have not yet
granted even to Theagenes, my own hands sha antcpate
my dsgrace, sha preserve me pure n death, and sha
eave behnd me at east the prase of chastty. poo,
no udge w be more severe than thou art
Theagenes, who was odged near, overheard her com- nd of her bosom, warranted
That nether sense nor puse she ac s,
Tou mght have thought a form of wa ,
rought to the very fe, was there
o st she was, so pae, so far. Marmon, c. .
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8 T D TTTU
pants, and nterrupted them, sayng, Cease, my dear
Charcea you have reason, own, to compan, but by so
dong you rrtate the dety: he s made proptous by
prayers, more than by e postuatons you must appease
the power above by prayers, not by accusatons. Tou
are n the rght, sad she but how do you do yoursef
etter than was yesterday, he reped, owng to
the care of ths youth, who has been appyng medcne to
my wounds. Tou w be st better to-morrow, sad
the youth, for sha then be abe to procure an herb
whch after three appcatons w cure them. now ths
by e perence for snce was brought here a captve, f
any of the prates have returned wounded, by the app-
caton of ths pant they have been heaed n a few days.
onder not that pty your msfortunes you seem to be
sharng my own fate and, as am a Gree mysef,
naturay compassonate Grecans.
Gree gods cred out both the strangers n
transport, a Gree ndeed, both n anguage and appear-
ance Perhaps some reef to our msfortunes s at hand.
ut what, sad Theagenes, sha we ca you
Cnemon. f what cty n thenan. hat
have been your fortunes Cease, he reped why
touch upon that sub ect my adventures are matter
for a tragedy. Tou seem to have had sorrows enough of
your own there s no need to ncrease them by a recta
of mne besdes, what remans of the nght woud not be
suffcent for the reaton and the fatgues you have gone
through to-day demand seep and rest. They woud not
admt hs e cuses, but pressed hm to reate hs story
sayng, that to hear of msfortunes somethng e ther
own, woud be the greatest consoaton to them. Cnemon then began n ths manner: My father s
name was rstppus, an thenan, a member of the Upper
Counc, and possessed of a decent fortune. fter the
death of my mother, as he had no chd but me, he began
to thn of a second marrage, esteemng t hard that he
shoud ve an unsetted fe soey on my account he
marred therefore a woman of poshed manners, but a
ov f c t ava. The Counc of the 00, who were a nd of
Commttee of the e ffa to prepare measures for that assemby.
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T G D C C .
mschefma er, caed Demaeneta. rom the moment of
her marrage she brought hm entrey under her sub ecton,
entcng hm by her beauty and seemng attentons for
there never was a woman who possessed the arts of aure-
ment n a greater degree: she woud ament at hs gong
out, run wth oy to meet hm at hs return, bame hm for
hs stay, and mnge sses and embraces wth the tenderest
e postuatons. My father, entanged n these wes, was
entrey wrapped up n her. t frst she pretended to
behave to me as f had been her own son ths ewse
heped to nfuence my father. he woud sometmes ss
me, and constanty wshed to en oy my socety. ready
comped, suspectng nothng, but was agreeaby surprsed
at her behavng to me wth so much materna affecton.
hen, however, she approached me wth more wantonness
when her sses became warmer than those of a reaton
ought to be, and her gances betrayed mar s of passon,
began to entertan suspcons, to avod her company, and
repress her caresses. need not enumerate what artfces
she used, what promses she empoyed to gan me over,
how she caed me darng, sweetest, breath of her fe
how she mnged bandshments wth these soft words
how, n serous affars, she behaved reay as a mother, n
ess grave hours but too pany as a mstress.
t ength, one evenng, after had been assstng at
the soemn Panathensean festva (when a shpt s sent to
Mnerva by and), and had oned n the hymns and usua
processon, returned home n my dress of ceremony, wth
my robe and crown. he, as soon as she saw me, unabe
to contan hersef, no onger dssembed her ove, but, her
eyes spar ng wth desre, ran up to me, embraced me, and
caed me her dear Theseus, her young ppoytus: ow
do you magne then fet, who now bush even at the
recta
Cnemon and hs stepmother w reca to the reader s memory
Pha dra and ppoytus.
f n the Ceramcus, wthout the cty, was an engne, but n the
form of a shp, upon whch the r tr og, or robe of Mnerva, was hung,
n the manner of a sa, and whch was put n moton by conceaed
machnery. t was conveyed to the tempe of Ceres eusna, and
from thence to the ctade, where t was put upon Mnerva s statue,
whch was ad upon a bed strewed wth fowers, and caed r a g.
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10 T D TU
My father that nght was to sup n the Prytanseum,
and, as t was a grand and stated entertanment, was not
e pected to return home t the ne t day. had not ong
retred to my apartment, when she foowed me, and en-
deavoured to obtan the gratfcaton of her wshes but
when she saw that ressted wth horror, regardess of her
aurements, her promses, or her threats, fetchng a deep-
drawn sgh, she retred and the very ne t day, wth un-
common wc edness, began to put her machnatons n
force aganst me.
he too to her bed and, when my father returned
and n ured the reason of t, she sad she was ndsposed,
and at frst woud say no more. ut when he nssted,
wth great tenderness, on nowng what had so dsordered
her, wth seemng reuctance she thus addressed hm:
Ths danty youth, ths son of yours, whom ca the gods
to wtness oved as much as you coud do yoursef,
suspectng me to be wth chd (whch, t was certan of
t, have yet conceaed from you), ta ng the opportunty
of your absence, whe was advsng and e hortng hm to
temperance, and to avod drun enness and oose women
(for was not gnorant of hs ncnatons though avoded
droppng the east hnt of them to you, est t shoud
appear the caumny of a step-mother) whe, say, too
ths opportunty of spea ng to hm aone, that mght
spare hs confuson, am ashamed to te how he abused
both you and me nor dd he confne hmsef to words but
assautng me both wth hands and feet, c ed me at ast
upon the stomach, and eft me n a dreadfu condton, n
whch have contnued ever snce.
hen my father heard ths, he made no repy, as ed
no uestons, framed no e cuse for me but, beevng that
she who had appeared so fond of me, woud not, wthout
great reason, accuse me, the ne t tme he met me n the
house he gave me a tremendous bow and cang hs
saves, he commanded them to scourge me, wthout so
much as teng me the cause of t. hen he had wrea ed
hs resentment, ow, at east, sad , father, te me the
The pubc ha at thens, n whch the Prytanes for the tme
beng, and some other magstrates, had ther meas, and entertaned
foregn ambassadors.
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T G 3 D C C . 11
reason of ths shamefu treatment. Ths enraged hm the
more. hat hypocrsy cred he he wants me to repeat
the story of hs own wc edness. nd, turnng from me,
he hastened to Demseneta. ut ths mpacabe woman,
not yet satsfed, ad another pot aganst me.
he had a young save caed Thsbe, handsome enough,
and s ed n musc. he, by her mstress s orders, put
hersef n my way and though she had before fre uenty
ressted soctatons, whch, own, had made to her, she
now made advances hersef, n gestures, words, and beha-
vour. , e a sy feow as was, began to be van of
my own attractons and, n short, made an appontment
wth her to come to my apartment at nght. e contnued
our commerce for some tme, aways e hortng her to
ta e the greatest care est her mstress shoud detect her.
hen, one day, as was repeatng these cautons, she
bro e out, Cnemon how great s your smpcty, f you
thn t dangerous for a save e me to be dscovered wth
you. hat woud you thn ths very mstress deserves,
who, cang hersef of an honourabe famy, havng a awfu
husband, and nowng death to be the punshment of her
crme, yet commts adutery P e sent, reped
cannot gve credt to what you say. hat f show you
the aduterer n the very fact f you can, do. Most
wngy w , says she, both on your account, who have
been so abused by her, and on my own, who am the day
vctm of her eaousy. f you are a man, therefore, seze
her paramour. promsed woud, and she then eft me.
The thrd nght after ths she awa ened me from seep,
and tod me that the aduterer was n the house that my
father, on some sudden occason, was gone nto the country,
and that the over had ta en ths opportunty of secrety
vstng Demaeneta. ow was the tme for me to punsh
hm as he deserved and that shoud go n, sword n
hand, est he shoud escape.
dd as Thsbe e horted me and ta ng my sword, she
gong before me wth a torch, went towards my mother s
bedchamber. hen arrved there, and perceved there
was a ght burnng wthn, my passon rsng, burst open
the door, and, rushng n, cred out, here s the van,
the ve paramour of ths paragon of vrtue and thus
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12 T D TU
e camng, advanced, prepared to transf them both,
when my father, 0 ye gods eapng from the bed, fe at
my feet, and besought me, my son stay your hand,
pty your father, and these grey hars whch have nourshed
you. have used you , confess, but not so as to
deserve death from you. et not passon transport you
do not mbrue your hands n a parent s bood
e was gong on n ths suppcatory stran, whe
stood thunderstruc , wthout power ether to spea or
str. oo ed about for Thsbe, but she had wthdrawn.
cast my eyes n amaze round the chamber, confounded
and stupfed: the sword fe from my hand.
Demaeneta, runnng up, mmedatey too t away and
my father, now seeng hmsef out of danger, ad hands
upon me, and ordered me to be bound, hs wfe stmuatng
hm a the tme, and e camng, Ths s what foretod
bd you guard yoursef from the attempts of ths youth
observed hs oo s, and feared hs desgns. Tou dd,
he reped but coud not have magned he woud carry
hs wc edness to such a ptch. e then ept me bound
and though made severa attempts to e pan the matter,
he woud not suffer me to spea .
hen the mornng was come, he brought me out before
the peope, bound as was and fngng dust upon hs
head, thus addressed them: entertaned hopes, the-
nans, when the gods gave me ths son, that he woud have
been the staff of my decnng age. brought hm up gen-
teey gave hm a frst-rate educaton went through
every step needfu to procure hm the fu prveges of a
ctzen of thens n short, my whoe fe was a scene of
soctude on hs account. ut he, forgettng a ths,
abused me frst wth words, and assauted my wfe wth
bows and at ast bro e n upon me n the nght, bran-
dshng a drawn sword, and was prevented from commttng
a parrcde ony by a sudden consternaton whch sezed hm,
and made the weapon drop from hs hand. have recourse,
therefore, to ths assemby for my own defence and hs
punshment. mght, now, awfuy have punshed hm
teray, had hm enroed n hs proper ward ( ppaTpa), n
hs proper house (ytvo ), and among those arrved at puberty (tdf o),
the successve steps to thenan ctzenshp.
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T G D C . 13
even wth death mysef but had rather eave the whoe
matter to your udgment than stan my own hands wth hs
bood: and, havng sad ths, he began to weep.
Demameta too accompaned hm wth her tears, amentng
the untmey but ust death whch must soon suffer, whom
my ev genus had armed aganst my parent and thus
seemng to confrm by her amentatons the truth of her
husband s accusatons.
t ength desred to be heard n my turn, when the
cer arsng put ths ponted ueston to me: Dd attac
my father wth a sword hen reped, dd ndeed
attac hm, but hear how came so to do the whoe
assemby e camed that, after ths confesson, there was no
room for apoogy or defence. ome cred out ought to
be stoned others, that shoud be devered to the e ecu-
toner, and thrown headong nto the arathrum. Durng
ths tumut, whe they were dsputng about my punsh-
ment, cred out, ths suffer on account of my
mother-n-aw my step-mother ma es me to be condemned
unheard. few of the assemby appeared to ta e notce
of what sad, and to have some suspcons of the truth of
the case yet even then coud not obtan an audence, so much were a mnds possessed by the dsturbance.
t ength they proceeded to baot: one thousand seven
hundred condemned me to death some to be stoned, others
to be thrown nto the arathrum. The remander, to the
number of about a thousand, havng some suspcons of the
machnatons of my mother-n-aw, ad udged me to per-
petua banshment and ths sentence prevaed: for though
a greater number had doomed me to death, yet there beng
a dfference n ther opnons as to the nd of death, they
were so dvded, that the numbers of nether party amounted
to a thousand.
Thus, therefore, was drven from my father s house
and my country: the wc ed Demameta, however, dd not
reman unpunshed n what manner you sha hear by-and-
by. ut you ought now to ta e a tte seep the nght s
far advanced, and some rest s necessary for you.
t w be very annoyng to us, reped Theagenes, f
The arathrum was a yawnng ceft behnd the cropos, nto
whch crmnas were caat.
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14 T D TU
you eave ths wc ed woman unpunshed. ear, then,
sad Cnemon, snce you w have t so.
went mmedatey from the assemby to the Praeus, and fndng a shp ready to set sa for gna, embar ed
n her, hearng there were some reatons of my mother s
there. was fortunate enough to fnd them on my arrva,
and passed the frst days of my e e agreeaby enough
among them. fter had been there about three wee s,
ta ng my accustomed sotary wa , came down to the
port a vesse was standng n stopped to see from
whence she came, and who were on board. The adder was
no sooner et down, when a person eapt on shore, ran up
to me, and embraced me. e proved to be Charas, one of
my former companons. Cnemon he cred out,
brng you good news. Tou are revenged on your enemy:
Demseneta s dead. am hearty gad to see you,
Charas, reped but why do you hurry over your good
tdngs as f they were bad ones Te me how a ths has
happened fear she has ded a natura death, and escaped
that whch she deserved. ustce, sad he, has not
entrey deserted us (as esod says) and though she
sometmes seems to wn at crme for a tme, protectng
her vengeance, such wretches rarey escape at ast: nether
has Demseneta. rom my conne on wth Thsbe, have
been made ac uanted wth the whoe affar.
fter your un ust e e, your father, repentng of what
he had done, retred from the sght of the word, nto a
oney va, and there ved gnawng hs own heart,
accordng to the poet.t ut the fures too possesson of
hs wfe, and her passon rose to a hgher ptch n your ab-
sence than t had ever done before. he amented your ms-
fortunes and her own, cang day and nght n a frantc
esod, or s and Days, 221.
ustce
hen mortas voate her saered aws,
hen udges hear the brbe and not the cause,
Cose by her parent god behod her stand,
nd urge the punshment ther sns demand. ee.
mmanus Marcenus says, . ., nconnvens usttse ocuus,
arbter et vnde perpetuus rerum.
ard antecedentem sceestum
Deserut pede Poena caudo. or. d. . 11. 31.
v vfbv ar uv. . v. 202.
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T .G 1TD C C . 1
manner upon Cnemon, her dear boy, her sou nsomuch
that the women of her ac uantance, who vsted her, won-
dered at and prased her that, though a step-dame, she fet
a mother s affecton. They endeavoured to consoe and
strengthen her but she reped that her sorrows were past
consoaton, and that they were gnorant of the wound
whch ran ed at her heart.
hen she was aone she abused Thsbe for the share
she had n the busness. ow sow were you n assstng
my ove ow ready n admnsterng to my revenge
Tou deprved me of hm oved above a the word, wth-
out gvng me an nstant to repent and be appeased. nd
she gave pan hnts that she ntended some mschef
aganst her.
Thsbe seeng her dsapponted, enraged, amost out of
her senses wth ove and gref, and capabe of underta ng
anythng, determned to be beforehand wth her and. by
ayng a snare for her mstress, to provde for her own
securty. ne day, therefore, she thus accosted her:
hy, my mstress, do you wrongfuy accuse your
save t has aways been my study to obey your w n
the best manner coud f anythng unuc y has hap-
pened, fortune s to bame am ready now, f you com-
mand me, to endeavour to fnd a remedy for your dstress.
hat remedy can you fnd cred she. e who aone
coud ease my torments s far dstant the une pected enty
of hs udges has been my run: had he been stoned or
otherwse put to death, my hopes and cares woud have been
bured wth hm. mpossbty of gratfcaton e tngushes
desre, and despar ma es the heart caous. ut now
seem to have hm before my eyes: hear, and bush at
hearng hm upbrad me wth hs n ures. ometmes
fatter my fond heart that he w return agan, and that
sha obtan my wshes at other tmes form schemes of
see ng hm mysef, on whatever shore he wanders. These
thoughts agtate, nfame, and drve me besde mysef. Te
gods am usty served. hy, nstead of ayng schemes
aganst hs fe, dd not persst n endeavourng to subdue
hm by ndness e refused me at frst, and t was but
fttng he shoud do so was a stranger, and he reverenced
hs father s bed. Tme and persuason mght have overcome
hs codness but , un ust, and nhuman as was, more
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1 T D TU
e a tyrant than hs mstress, cruey punshed hs frst ds-
obedence. Tet wth how much ustce mght he sght
Demasneta, whom he so nfntey surpassed n beauty ut,
my dear Thsbe, what remedy s t you hnt at The art-
fu save reped: Mstress, Cnemon, as most peope
thn , n obedence to the sentence, has departed both from
the cty and from ttca but , who n ure an ousy
nto everythng that you can have any concern n, have ds-
covered that he s ur ng somewhere about the town. Tou
have heard perhaps of rsnoe the snger: he has ong been
connected wth her. fter hs msfortune, she promsed to
go nto e e wth hm, and eeps hm conceaed at her house
t she can prepare hersef for settng out. appy
rsnoe cred Demseneta happy at frst n possessng
the ove of Cnemon, and now n beng permtted to accom-
pany hm nto banshment. ut what s a ths to me
ttend,and you sha hear, sadThsbe. w pre-
tend that am n ove wth Cnemon. w beg rsnoe,
wth whom am ac uanted, to ntroduce me some nght to
hm n her room you may, f you pease, represent rsnoe,
and receve hs vst nstead of me. w ta e care that he
sha have drun a tte freey when he goes to bed. f you
obtan your wshes, perhaps you may be cured of your
passon. The frst gratfcaton sometmes e tngushes the
fame of desre. ove soon fnds ts end n satety: but
f yours (whch hope w not be the case) shoud st
contnue, we may perhaps fnd some other scheme to satsfy
t at present et us attend to ths whch have pro-
posed.
Demseneta eagery embraced the proposa, and desred
her to put t nto mmedate e ecuton. Thsbe demanded
a day ony for preparaton and gong drecty to rsnoe,
as ed her f she new Teedemus. rsnoe repyng that
she dd, eceve us then, says she, ths evenng nto
your house have promsed to seep wth hm to-nght:
he w come frst sha foow, when have put my ms-
tress to bed. Then hastenng nto the country to rstp-
pus, she thus addressed hm: come, master, to accuse
mysef punsh me as you thn ft. have been the cause
of your osng your son not ndeed wngy, but yet was
nstrumenta n hs destructon: for when perceved that
vrpoe ara 7r o f, we w go on a fresh tac .
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T G 1 C C . 17
my mstress ed a dssoute fe, and n ured your bed, began
to fear for mysef, est shoud suffer f she shoud be
detected by anybody ese. pted you too, who receved
such returns for a your affecton was afrad, however,
of mentonng the matter to you, but dscovered t to my
young master and comng to hm by nght, to avod obser-
vaton, tod hm that an aduterer was seepng wth my
mstress. e, hurred on by resentment, mstoo my mean-
ng, and thought sad that an aduterer was then wth her.
s passon rose he snatched a sword, and ran mady on
towards your bedchamber. t was n van endeavoured
to detan hm, and to assure hm that no aduterer was then
wth my mstress he regarded not what sad, ether made
deaf by rage, or magnng that changed my purpose. The
rest you now. Tou have t n your power at east to cear
up the character of your banshed son, and to punsh her
who has n ured both of you for w shew you to-day
Demseneta wth an aduterer, n a strange house wthout
the cty, and n bed.
f you can do that, sad rstppus, your freedom
sha be your reward. sha, perhaps, ta e some com-
fort n fe, when have got rd of ths wc ed woman.
have for some tme been uneasy wthn mysef: have
suspected her but, havng no proofs, was sent. ut
what must we do now ou now, sad she, the
garden where s the monument of the pcureans: come
there n the evenng, and wat for me. nd havng so
sad, away she goes and comng to Demasneta, Dress
yoursef, she cres, mmedatey negect nothng that can
set off your person everythng that have promsed you s
ready. Demaeneta dd as she was desred, and adorned her-
sef wth a her s andn the evenng Thsbe attended her to
the pace of assgnaton. hen they came near she desred her
to stop a tte and gong forwards she begged rsnoe to
step nto the ne t house, and eave her at berty n her own
for she wshed to spare the young man s bushes, who was but
atey ntated nto ove affars and, havng persuaded her,
she returned, ntroduced Demaeneta, put her to bed,too away
the ght (est, forsooth, you, who were then safe at gna,
shoud dscover her), and entreated her to en oy the good
fortune whch awated her n sence. w now go, sad
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18 T D TT f
she, and brng the youth to you he s drn ng at a house
n the neghbo rhood. way she fes where rstppus
was watng, and e horts hm to go mmedatey and bnd
the aduterer fast. e foows her, rushes nto the house,
and, by hep of a tte moonght whch shone, wth dffcuty
fndng the bed, e cams, have caught you now, you
abandoned creature Thsbe mmedatey upon ths
e camaton bangs to the door on the other sde, and cres
out, hat untoward fortune the aduterer has escaped
but ta e care at east that you secure the aduteress.
Ma e yoursef easy, he reped have secured ths
wc ed woman, whom was the most desrous of ta ng:
and sezng her, he began to drag her towards the cty. ut
she feeng deepy the stuaton she was n, the dsappont-
ment of her hopes, the gnomny whch must attend her
offences, and the punshment whch awated them, ve ed and
enraged at beng deceved and detected, when she came near
the pt whch s n the cademy (you now the pace where
our generas sacrfce to the Manes of our heroes), suddeny
dsengagng hersef from the hands of the od man, fung
hersef headong n: and thus she ded a wretched death,
suted for a wretch e hersef.
Upon ths rstppus cred out, Tou have yoursef ant-
cpated the ustce of the aws, and the ne t day he ad the
whoe matter before the peope and havng wth dffcuty ob-
taned hs pardon, consuted hs frends and ac uantance
how best he coud obtan your reca. hat success he has
met wth cannot nform you of for have been obged,
as you see, to sa here on my own prvate busness. ut
thn you have the greatest reason to e pect that the peope
w consent to your return, and that your father w hm-
sef come to see you, and conduct you home. ere
Charas ended hs recta. ow came to ths pace, and
what have been my fortunes snce, woud ta e up more tme
and words than there s at present opportunty for.
avng sad ths, he wept the strangers wept wth hm,
seemngy for hs caamtes, reay, perhaps, n remembrance
of ther own: nor woud they have ceased from amentaton,
had not seep comng over them through the u ury of gref,
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T G D C C . 1
at ength dred ther tears. They then ay n repose but
Thyams (for that was the name of the prate captan)
havng sept uety the frst part of the nght, was after-
wards dsturbed by wanderng dreams and startng from
hs seep, and ponderng what they shoud mean, was ept
awa e by hs perpe tes the remander of the nght. or
about the tme when the coc s crow (whether a natura
nstnct nduces them to saute the returnng sun, or a fee-
ng of warmth and a desre of food and moton e ctes them
to rouse those who are about them wth ther song) the
foowng vson appeared to hm.
e seemed to be n Memphs, hs natve cty and enter-
ng nto the tempe of ss, he saw t shnng wth the spen-
dour of a thousand ghted amps the atars were fed wth
beedng vctms of a sorts a the avenues of the tempe
were crowded wth peope, and resounded wth the nose of
the passng throngs. hen he had penetrated to the nmost
sanctuary of the edfce, the goddess seemed to meet hm,
to gve Charcea nto hs hands, and to say, Thyams,
dever ths maden to you but though havng you sha not
have her, but sha be un ust, and your guest yet she
sha not be ed. Ths dream troubed hm, and he
turned t every way n hs mnd at ength, weared wth
con ectures, he wrested ts sgnfcaton to hs own wshes.
Tou sha have her, and not have her that s, you sha have
her as a wfe, not as a vrgn: and as for the ng, he un-
derstood t to mean, thou shat wound her vrgnty, but the
wound sha not be morta. nd thus, ed by hs desres,
he nterpreted hs vson. hen the mornng dawned, he
caed hs prncpa foowers about hm, and ordered ther
booty, whch he caed by the specous name of spos, to bo
brought out nto the mdst and sendng for Cnemon,
drected hm to brng wth hm the captves whom he had
the care of. hen they were beng brought, hat
fortune, they e camed, awats us now and besought
the protecton and assstance of Cnemon. e promsed to
do a that was n hs power for them, and comforted and
encouraged them. e tod them that the prate captan
had nothng barbarous n hs dsposton that hs manners
were rather gente that he beonged to an ustrous
famy, and from necessty aone had embraced ths nd of
c 2
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20 T D TU
fe. hen a were met together, and they too made ther
appearance, Thyams, seatng hmsef on an emnence, and
orderng Cnemon, who understood the gyptan tongue,
(whereas he hmsef coud not spea Gree ) to nter-
pret what he sad to the captves, thus addressed the
Tou now, comrades, what my sentments have aways
been towards you. Tou are not gnorant, how beng the
son of the hgh-prest of Memphs, and beng frustrated of
succeedng to the offce after the departure of my father,
my younger brother aganst a aw deprvng me of t,
fed to you, that mght revenge the n ury, and recover my
dgnty. have been thought worthy to command you,
and yet have never arrogated any partcuar prveges to
mysef: f money was to be dstrbuted, desred ony an
e ua share of t f captves were to be sod, brought
ther prce nto the common stoc for have aways
deemed t to be the part of a vaant eader, to ta e the
arger share of to, and ony an e ua share of spos. s
to the captves, those men whose strength of body promsed
to be servceabe to us, ept for ourseves the wea er
sod. never abused the women. Those of any ran
suffered to redeem themseves wth money and sometmes,
out of compasson, dsmssed them wthout ransom: those
of nferor condton, who, f they had not been ta en, woud
have passed ther ves n serve offces, empoyed n such
servces as they had been accustomed to. ut now do as
one part of these spos for mysef, ths foregn maden.
mght ta e her by my own authorty, but woud rather
receve her by your common consent for t were foosh
n me to do anythng wth a prsoner aganst the w of my
frenda. ether do as ths favour of you grats am
wng, n recompense for t, to resgn my share n a the
other booty. or snce the presty caste despses common
amours, am determned to ta e ths maden to mysef, not
out of mere ust, but for the sa e of offsprng. nd w
e pan to you the reasons whch nduce me to do so.
n the frst pace she appears to me to be we born:
form ths con ecture both from the rches whch were found
The successon to the gyptan presthood was heredtary.
de erod. . 37.
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T G D C C . 21
about her, and from her not beng depressed by her caa-
mtes, but, seemng to rse superor to them am con-
vnced that her dsposton s good and vrtuous for, f n
beauty she surpasses a, and by her oo s awes a behoders
nto respect, can we do otherwse than thn hghy of her
ut what recommends her above every thng to me s, that
she appears to be a prestess of some god for, n a her
msfortunes, she has wth a pous regard refused to ay asde
her sacred robe and chapet. here then can a prest
fnd a partner more fttng for me, than one who s hersef
a prestess
The appause of the whoe company testfed ther appro-
baton. They e horted hm to marry, and wshed hm a
possbe happness. e then pursued hs dscourse :
than you, comrades but t w now be proper to n ure
how far my proposa s agreeabe to ths maden. ere
dsposed to use the power whch fate has put nto my hands,
my w woud be suffcent they who can compe have no
need to entreat. ut n awfu marrage, the ncnaton of
both partes ought to concde. nd turnng to Charcea,
he sad, ow, maden, do you e my offer hat s
your country, and who were your parents he, eepng
her eye a consderabe tme on the ground, and movng
sowy her head, seemed to medtate what she shoud answer.
t ength, rasng hersef genty towards Thyams, and
dazzng hm wth more than her usua charms (for her eyes
shone wth uncommon ustre, and the crcumstances she was
n gave an addtona gow to her chee s), Cnemon servng
as nterpreter, she thus addressed hm:
t mght perhaps have been more proper for my brother
Theagenes to spea on ths occason for sence, thn ,
best becomes women, especay n a company of men. nce,
however, you address yoursef to me, and shew ths frst
mar of humanty, n that you see to obtan what you
desre, by persuason rather than force snce the man sub-
ect of your dscourse reates to me aone am compeed
to ay asde the common reserve of my se , and to e pan
mysef n regard to the proposa of marrage whch you have
made, even before such an audence. ear then what s
our state and condton.
ur country s ona our famy one of the most us-
trous n phesus. n eary youth, as the aws apponted,
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22 T D TT
we entered nto the presthood. was consecrated to
Dana, my brother to poo. ut as the offce s an annua
one, and the tme was eapsed, we were gong to Deos
to e hbt games accordng to the custom of our coun-
try, and to ay down the presthood. e oaded a shp
therefore wth god, sver, costy garments, and other thngs
necessary for the show and the entertanment whch we
were to gve to the peope. e set sa our parents beng
advanced n years, and afrad of the sea, remaned at home:
but a great number of our feow ctzens attended us, some
on board our shps, others n vesses of ther own. hen
we had competed the greatest part of our voyage, a tem-
pest suddeny arose wnds and hurrcanes, rasng the
waves, drove the shp out of ts course. The pot yeded
at ength to the fury of the storm and desertng the govern-
ment of the shp, et her drve at the mercy of the wnds.
e scudded before them for seven days and nghts and at
ength were cast upon the shore where you found us, and
where you saw the saughter whch had happened there.
e ocng at our preservaton, we gave an entertanment to
the shp s company. n the mdst of t, a party of the
saors, who had conspred to ma e themseves masters of
our rches, by ta ng away our ves, attac ed us our
frends defended us a dreadfu combat ensued, whch was
contnued wth such rage and anmosty, on both sdes, that
of the whoe number engaged we aone survved (woud to
God we had not ), mserabe remans of that unhappy day
n one thng aone fortunate, n that some ptyng dety has
brought us nto your hands and, nstead of death whch we
feared, we are now to deberate upon a marrage. do not
by any means decne the offer. Prsoner as am, ought
to esteem t an honour and a happness to be permtted
to aspre to the bed of my con ueror. t seems too,
to be by a partcuar provdence of the gods, that , a
prestess, shoud be unted to the son of a hgh prest.
ne thng aone beg of you, Thyams. Permt me, at
the frst cty arrve at n whch there s a tempe or atar
of poo, to resgn my presthood, and ay asde these
wpav yof v. The thenans made a soemn voyage to Deos
every year the deputaton was caed una the persons empoyed
n t, twoo the shp, wpc. ee chnson s nt utes of Greece.
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T G D C C1 . 23
badges of my offce: ths perhaps woud wth most pro-
prety be done n Memphs, when you sha have recovered
the dgnty you are entted to. Thus woud our wedoc
be ceebrated wth better auspces, oned wth vctory and
prosperous success: but, f you woud have t sooner, be t
as you pease et me ony frst perform those rtes whch
the custom of my country demands. Ths now you w
not refuse me, as you have yoursef been, as you say, ded-
cated to hoy thngs from chdhood, and have ust and
reverend notons of what reates to the gods.
ere she ceased, and her tears began to fow. er
speech was foowed by the approbaton and appause of the
company, who bd her do thus, and promsed her ther ad.
Thyams coud not hep onng wth them, though he was
not entrey satsfed, for hs eager desre to possess Char-
cea made hm thn even the present hour an unreason-
abe deay. er words, however, e the syren s song,
soothed hm, and compeed hs assent he thought, too, he
saw n ths some reaton to hs dream, and brought hmsef
to agree that the weddng shoud be ceebrated at Memphs.
e then dsmssed the company, havng frst dvded the
spos, a great part of the chocest of whch were forced
upon hm by hs peope.
e gave orders that, n ten days, they shoud a be
ready to march to Memphs and sent the Gree s to the
habtaton n whch he had before paced them. Cnemon,
too, by hs command, attended them no onger now as a
guard, but as a companon: ther entertanment was the
best whch Thyams coud afford and Theagenes, for hs
sster s sa e, partoo of the same handsome treament. e
determned wthn hmsef to see Chareea as sedom as
possbe, est the sght of her shoud nfame the desre
whch tormented hm, and urge hm on to do anythng
nconsstent wth what he had agreed to and promsed. e
deprved hmsef, therefore, of that company n whch he
most deghted, fearng that to converse wth her, and to
restran hmsef wthn proper bounds, woud be more than
he coud answer for. hen the crew had dspersed, each
to hs habtaton n the a e, Cnemon went to some ds-
tance from t, n search of the herb whch he had promsed
to procure for Theagenes and Theagenes, ta ng the
opportunty of hs absence, began to weep and ament, not
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24 T D TU r
addressng hmsef to Charcea, but cang earnesty upon
the gods: and she wth tender soctude n urng whether
he was ony amentng ther common msfortunes, or suf-
ferng any new addton to them hat can be newer or
more unworthy, he reped, than the brea ng of tows
and promses than that Charcea, entrey forgettng me,
shoud gve her consent to another marrage God
forbd reped the maden et not your reproaches
ncrease the oad of my caamtes nor, after so ong an
e perence of my fdety, ghty suspect a measure whch
the mmedate necessty of the moment compeed me to
adopt: sooner w you change than fnd me changed n
regard to you. can bear fortune nor sha any force
compe me to do anythng unworthy of the modesty and
vrtue of my se . n one thng aone, own, am mmo-
derate, my ove for you but then t s a awfu one and,
however great, t dd not throw me nconsderatey nto your
power resgned mysef to you on the most honourabe
condtons have htherto ved wth you n the most
nvoate purty, resstng a your soctatons, and oo ng
forward to a awfu opportunty of competng that marrage
to whch we are soemny pedged. Can you then be so
unreasonabe as to thn t possbe that shoud prefer a
barbaran to a Gree a prate, to one to whom am
bound by so many tes hat, then, sad Theagenes,
was the meanng of that fne speech of yours To ca
me your brother, ndeed, was prudent enough, to eep
Thyams from suspectng the rea nature of our ove, and to
nduce hm to et us contnue together. understood, too,
the meanng of your veng the true crcumstances of our
voyage under the fctons of ona and Deos. ut so
ready to accept hs proposas, to promse to marry hm,
nay, to f a tme for the ceremony ths, own, dsturbs
me, and passes my comprehenson but had rather sn
nto the earth than see such an end of a my hopes and
abours on your account.
Charcea fung her arms round Theagenes, gave hm
a thousand sses, and bedewng hm wth tears, cred
out, ow deghtfu to me are these apprehensons of
yours They prove that a the troubes you have under-
gone have n no degree wea ened your ove but now,
my dear Theagenes, that uness had promsed as dd,
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T G D C C . 2
we shoud not now be ta ng together. Tou must be sen-
sbe that contradcton ony adds force to voent passon seemng compance aays the mpuse n ts brth, and the
aurement of promses us the voence of desre. Tour
rough overs thn they have got somethng when they have
obtaned a promse and, reyng upon the fath of t,
become ueter, feedng themseves wth hope. , beng
aware of ths, n words resgned mysef up to hm, com-
mttng what sha foow to the gods, and to that genus
who presdes over our oves.
short nterva of tme has fre uenty afforded means
of safety, whch the wsest counses of men coud not have
foreseen. saw nothng better to be done than to endea-
vour to ward off a certan and mmnent danger, by a
present, though uncertan, remedy. e must, therefore,
my dearest Theagenes, use ths fcton as our best ay,
and carefuy concea the truth even from Cnemon for
though he seems frendy to us, and s a Gree , yet he s a
captve, and ey, perhaps, to do anythng whch may ngra-
tate hm wth hs master. ur frendshp wth hm s as
yet too new, nether s there any reaton between us suff-
centy strong to gve us a certan assurance of hs fdety.
f he suspects, therefore, and n ures nto our rea stua-
ton, we must deny t: for even a fasehood s commendabe
when t s of servce to those who use t, and does no n ury
to the hearers of t.
he Charcea was thus suggestng ths course, Cnemon
comes runnng n, wth an atered countenance, and seem-
ngy n much agtaton. Theagenes, he cred, have
brought you the herb mentoned appy t, and t w
hea your wounds but you must now, fear, prepare your-
sef for others, and a saughter e ua to that whch you
have atey been an actor n. Theagenes desrng hm to
e pan hmsef, There s no tme at present he reped,
for e panaton acton w probaby antcpate words
but do you and Charcea foow me as fast as you can
and ta ng them wth hm, he brought them to Thyams.
They found hm empoyed n burnshng hs hemet and
sharpenng hs spear. ery seasonaby, he e camed,
are you empoyed about your arms put them on as fast
as you can, and command a your men to do the same, for
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2 T D TU
a hoste force s approachng greater than ever threatened
us before, and they must now be very near. saw them
advancng over the top of the neghbourng h, and have
made a possbe haste to brng you nformaton, gvng
the aarm to every one met wth n my passage.
Thyams, at these tdngs, started up and cred out,
here s Charcea as f he were more apprehensve
for her than for hmsef. hen Cnemon showed her
standng near the door. ead ths maden prvatey,
says he, nto the cave where eep my treasures, and
forget not to repace as usua the coverng of t havng
done ths, return to me as fast as you can: meanwhe,
w prepare for the storm of batte whch awats us.
avng sad ths, he ordered hs eutenant to brng forth,
a vctm, that he mght begn the engagement after a due
sacrfce to hs country s gods. Cnemon proceeded to
e ecute hs commsson, and eadng off Charcea, who
turned earnesty towards Theagenes, and amented her
hard fate, he et her down nto the cave. Ths was not, as
many are, the wor of nature, an accdenta e cavaton, but
the contrvance of the prates, who, mtatng her opera-
tons, had hoowed out an artfca cavern for the recepton
of ther treasures. t was formed n ths manner: ts
entrance, narrow and dar , was under the doors of a
hdden chamber, the threshod became, n case of need,
a second door, for farther descent t ftted e acty, and
coud be fted up wth great facty the rest of the
Ths descrpton s very obscure n the orgna the meanng
seems to be, that the descent to the cavern was effected by ftng up
an obong stone, bearng the appearance of a threshod, but servng as
a door. The foowng s the verson of the taan transator: en-
trata era stretta e oscura, sottoposta a entrata d uno occuto edfco,
n gusa che a soga dea prma entrata faceva un atra porta ad uso
d scendere, c. The poet, ater se, gves the passage thus:
cave there was, t opened we and shut
th narrow door of stone, that threshod was
T an upper room. thn, a maze t has
f sundre wayes, entanged ( e the roots
f thc e-set trees, amds and a abouts),
That meet n paue.
nd wshng to embesh the pcture, he adds
th scaes of crocode
The roofe s pav d, brought hther from the e.
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T G D C C . . 27
cave was cut nto varous wndng passages, whch, now
dvergng, now returnng, wth a muttude of ramf-
catons, converged at ast nto an open space at the bottom,
whch receved an uncertan ght from an aperture at the
e tremty of the a e. ere Cnemon ntroduced Charcea,
and ed her to the farthest recess, encouragng and pro-
msng her that he and Theagenes woud come to her n the
evenng and that he woud not suffer hm to engage n the
batte whch mpended. Charcea was unabe to answer hm
and he went out of the cave, eavng her haf dead, sent,
and stupfed, as f her sou had been separated from her
wth Theagenes. e shut down the door, droppng a tear
for her as he dd t, and for the necessty he was under of
buryng her n a manner ave, and consgnng the brghtest
of human forms to dar ness and obscurty. e made what
haste he coud to Thyams. e found hm burnng wth
ardour for the fght, and Theagenes by hs sde spenddy
armed he was even to frenzy rousng the sprts of hs fo-
owers who surrounded hm, and thus began to address them:
There s no need, comrades, to address you n a ong
e hortaton you want no encouragement, to whom war s
the breath of fe and the sudden approach of the enemy
cuts off a space for words t becomes us to prepare to
resst force by force not to do so woud betray an absence
of a energy. do not put you n mnd of your wves and
chdren as s usua on these occasons, though nothng but
vctory can preserve them from destructon and voaton.
Ths contest s for our very beng and e stence no uarter,
no truce, ever ta es pace n pratc warfare we must
ether con uer or de. et us e ert, then, our force to the
utmost, and wth determned mnds fa upon the enemy.
avng sad ths, he oo ed round for hs eutenant,
Thermuths, and caed hm severa tmes by hs name.
hen he nowhere appeared, throwng out hasty threats
aganst hm, he rushed on towards the ferry. The batte
was aready begun, and he coud see at a dstance those
who nhabted the e tremtes and approaches of the a e
n the fact of beng routed by the enemy, who set on fre
the boats and huts of those who fe or fed. The fames
spread to the neghbourng morass, caught hod of the
reeds whch grew there n great abundance, dazzed every
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28 T D TU
eye wth an amost ntoerabe baze, and, crac ng and
roarng, stunned ther ears.
ar now nppeared n a ts horrd forms: the nhabtants
for some tme, wth readness and energy, supported and
repeed the attac but beng astonshed by the sudden
ncurson, and pressed by the superor numbers of the
enemy, those on the and gave way, and many of those on
the a e, together wth ther boats and habtatons, were
overwhemed n the waters every dreadfu sound now struc
the ar, as the confct raged both by and and water
groans and shouts were mnged, the a e was dscooured
wth bood, a were nvoved n fre or water. Thyams, at
ths sght, caed to mnd hs dream, and the tempe of sa
shnng wth amps, and fowng wth the bood of vctms
he saw a resembance n t to the scene before hm, and
began to fear that he must gve up hs former favourabe
nterpretaton that Charcea was destned to fa n ths
tumut, and that so havng had her n hs possesson, he
shoud now have her no onger that she woud be san,
not merey be wounded n her vrgnty e camng, there-
fore aganst the goddess, for havng deceved hm, and
unabe to bear the thought that any one ese shoud possess
Charcea, he ordered the men who were about hm to hat,
and f they were obged to engage, to defend themseves as
we as they coud, by retrng behnd, and ma ng saes
from, the numerous tte sands: as by so dong they mght,
for some tme, be abe to resst the attac of the enemy. e
then, under pretence of gong to see Thermuths, and sacr-
fcng to hs househod gods, returned n great agtaton to
hs tent, sufferng no one to foow hm.
The dsposton of the barbarans s obstnate and deter-
mned t when they despar of ther own safety, they are
accustomed to destroy those who are most dear to them
ether wdy magnng that they sha en oy ther company
after death or thn ng that by so dong they sha dever
ee a passage, aready referred to, n ches Tatus ( . v. c. 14),
contanng a sprted pcture of prate warfare.
t There s a curous e ampe of ths dsposton of the barbarans n
the conduct of Mthrdates, after hs defeat by ucuus. ee er-
guson s om. st. vo. . p. 24. e ordered hs wves and ssters to
destroy themseves, fearfu of ther fang nto the enemy s hands.
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T G D C C . 2
them from the n ures and nsuts of the enemy. tmuated
by some of these motves, Thyams, forgettng the urgent
danger whch pressed upon hm, and the enemes by whom he
was surrounded as by a net burnng wth anger, ove, and
eaousy, rushed headong to the cave: he poured out hs
gyptan e camatons wth a oud voce, and soon after hs
entrance, beng addressed by some one n the Gree tongue,
the voce guded hm to the person he sezed her har wth
hs eft hand, and wth hs rght punged hs sword nto her
bosom: the unfortunate creature san down, utterng a ast
and pteous groan. ssung forth and cosng the trap-door,
he threw a tte dust over her, and droppng a tear he
e camed, re these then the nupta presents you were
to e pect from me hen he arrved at the boats, he
saw hs peope ready to fy as the enemy approached near,
and Thermuths havng now made hs appearance, preparng
to begn the sacrfce: havng abused hm for hs unseason-
abe absence, and tod hm that he had aready offered
up the most beauteous of vctms, he, Thermuths and the
rower got nto a boat: ther sma vesses woud not hod
more, beng made out of the trun of a tree rudey hoowed.
Theagenes and Cnemon got nto another, and n the same
manner a the rest embar ed.
hen they had proceeded a tte from the shore,
rowng round the sde rather than aunchng out nto
the deep, they ay upon ther oars, and drew up n a ne,
to receve the enemy but at ther approach, a sudden
panc sezed the prates, and not sustanng the frst
hoste shout of ther opponents, they fed n dsorder:
Cnemon and Theagenes graduay retred, but not from fear:
Thyams aone dsdaned to fy and perhaps not wshng to
survve Charcea, rushed nto the mdst of hs foes. cry
was nstanty heard among them, Ths s Thyams, et a
have an eye to hm: mmedatey they turned ther boats
and surrounded hm he, vgorousy fghtng, wounded some
and ed others, and yet strange was that whch ensued:
out of so great a muttude no one fted up a sword, or cast
a dart at hm, but every one dd ther utmost to capture
hm ave. e contnued manfuy to resst, t at ength hs
spear was wrested from hm, and he had ost hs eutenant,
who had noby seconded hm and who, havng receved, as
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30 T D TU
he thought, a morta wound, eaped nto the a e, and wth
great dffcuty reached the shore, no one offerng to pursue
hm for now they had ad hod on Thyams, and esteemed
the capture of one man a vctory and though he had
destroyed so many of ther men, ther oy at havng ta en
hm ave far e ceeded ther gref for the oss of ther com-
rades for gan s dearer to robbers than ther ves and
frendshp and reatonshp are ony so far consdered among
them as they conduce to ths man end.
The eaders of ths attac were the men who had fed from
Thyams and hs foowers at the eraceotc mouth of the
e: they, enraged at the oss of a booty, whch though
punder, they consdered as ther own, gathered ther frends
together, and many others from the neghbourng towns,
by proposng to them an e ua dvson of the spos and
became ther gudes n the e pedton.
The reason why they were so desrous of ta ng Thyams
ave was ths: Petosrs, who resded at Memphs, was hs
younger brother by hs artfces he had unawfuy de-
prved Thyams of the presthood, and hearng that he was
now at the head of the prates, he feared that he mght ta e
some opportunty to attac hm, or that n tme hs treachery
mght be dscovered he was besdes suspected of havng
made away wth hs brother, who nowhere appeared. or
these reasons he procamed great rewards among a the
nests of prates n hs neghbourhood, to any one who
shoud capture hm ave: they, stmuated by these offers,
and n the heat of batte, not osng sght of gan, too hm
prsoner at the prce of many of ther ves. They sent hm,
under a strong guard, to the man and, he reproachng
them a the whe for ther seemng enty, and bearng
bonds much more ndgnanty than he woud have borne
death. The rest proceeded towards the sand n uest of
treasures and spo but when, after a ong and strct search,
they found nothng of any conse uence, some few thngs
e cepted, whch out of hurry or forgetfuness were eft out
of the cavern, they set fre to the tents and the evenng
comng on, fearng to reman there any onger, est they
shoud be surprsed by the enemy whom they had drven
thence, they returned to ther companons upon the con-
tnent.
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T G D C C . 31
.
n ths manner, as we have reated, were the fames
spread over the a e the confagraton escaped the
notce of Theagenes and Cnemon whe the sun was above
the horzon, the superor ustre of that panet overcomng
the baze but when t set, when nght came on, and the
fre had no onger any rva to contend wth, t appeared at
a dstance to ther great consternaton, as they began to
rase themseves out of the morass. Theagenes tearng hs
har, thus bro e out nto passonate e camatons May
ths day be the ast of my fe may my fears, cares, and
dangers now have an end, and my hopes and ove concude
together. Charcea s no more, and am undone n van,
wretch, that am, have become a coward, and submtted
to an unmany fght, that mght preserve mysef for you,
the deght of my fe. or you, aas ve no onger
you have faen by an untmey death, nor was he on whom
you doated present to receve your atest breath but you
are become the prey of fames, and these are the nupta
torches whch crue fate has ghted up for you. s con-
sumed, and there now remans no trace of the most perfect
of human forms: most crue and envous detes a ast
embrace s dened me: and thus amentng, he fet about
for hs sword Cnemon arrested hs hand, and cred out,
hy, Theagenes, do you ament her who s safe Char-
cea s ave be comforted. way he reped, ths
s a tae for chdren why do you eep me from the death
ong for Cnemon swore to the truth of what he had
sad, tod hm the orders of Thyams, descrbed the cave
where he had paced Charcea and assured hm there was
not the smaest danger of the fames (cut off as they woud
be) penetratng through the deep and wndng avenues by
whch she was protected.
Theagenes at these assurances began to recover hs
sprts, and hastened towards the sand, havng Charcea,
and a oyfu meetng n the cave before hs eyes, gnorant,
aas of the woes whch awated hm there. They pro-
ceeded forwards wth great ardour, pyng the oars them-
seves, for ther rower had faen overboard n the confuson
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32 T DT TTm
of the frst fght they went on wth an unsteady course
from ne perence n rowng, not abe to eep stro e, and
the wnd beng aganst them but ther ardour overcame
ther uns funess, and wth great dffcuty at ast, and
bathed n sweat, they reached the shore, and ran eagery
towards the tents. f these they saw ony the ashes,
they havng been totay consumed the stone, however,
whch formed the threshod and entrance of the cavern,
was conspcuous enough for the huts beng but of reeds
and such sender materas, were soon consumed and turned
nto a ght ash, whch the wnd scatterng away, eft the
earth bare n many paces for a passage, coong t at the
same tme wth the bast.
ndng some torches haf burnt, and ghtng some reeds
whch remaned, they opened the cave s mouth, and under
the gudance of Cnemon, descended nto t. hen they
had gone a tte way, Cnemon suddeny e camed,
God what s ths we are undone, Charcea s san
and fngng hs torch on the ground, e tngushed t, and
fang on hs nees, and coverng hs face wth hs hands,
began to weep. Theagenes threw hmsef upon the body,
and hed t a ong tme n hs arms, cosey embraced
Cnemon seeng hm overwhemed wth ths stro e, and
fearng when he recovered hs senses he woud ma e some
attempt upon hmsef, too away unobserved the sword
whch hung by hs sde, and eavng hm for a moment, ran
out to ght hs torch. he he was gone, the unhappy
over bro e out nto mournfu and tragc e camatons,
ntoerabe caamty, and never-to-be-appeased wrath
of the gods what nsatabe demon thus rages to my
destructon who, after havng drven me from my country
through a thousand dangers of seas and prates, havng
devered me up to marauders, and strpt me of a had,
when one ony comfort was eft me, has now deprved me
of that Charcea s no more, she es san by a voent
death doubtess, she has faen n defence of her chastty,
determned to preserve hersef unspotted for my sa e. n.
van has her beauty boomed both for hersef and me but,
my ove have not you one ast word eft to spea to
me re fe and breath for ever gone as you are
sent that mouth, formery the nterpreter of the w of
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T G D C C . 33
heaven, s dumb, and dar ness and destructon have over-
whemed the prestess of the gods. Those eyes gance no
more whose ustre dazzed a behoders, whose brghtness,
f your murderer had met, he coud not have e ecuted hs
purpose what sha ca you, my wfe but we were not
marred my contracted spouse but the contract has been
a frutess one et me ca you by the sweetest of a
appeatons, Charcea. Charcea f, where you are,
you are capabe of recevng comfort, be comforted you
have a fathfu over we sha soon meet agan behod,
sacrfce mysef to your Manes, to you pour out my own
bood n batons ths cavern, a rude sepuchre, sha retan
both our bodes we sha be unted n our deaths, though
fate forbade t n our ves. ayng ths, he fet for hs
sword, and not fndng t, Cnemon, he e camed,
you have undone me, and Charcea too, for the second
tme deprvng her shade of the company t desres. he
he was thus spea ng, a voce from the wndngs of the
cave was heard, cang Theagenes he, not n the east
aarmed, reped, come, my dearest fe your sou,
see, st hovers above the earth, party, perhaps, because
unwng to eave that body, from whch t has by voence
been e peed and party, becauset wantng the rtes ot
seputure, you may be refused admttance n the shades
beow. Cnemon now approached wth the torch agan
the voce was heard, cang Theagenes Cnemon nstanty
e camed, Te gods s not ths the voce of Charcea
Theagenes, thn she s safe, for the sound seems to me
to proceed from that very part of the cavern where now
eft her. you never cease attemptng to deceve
me, reped Theagenes am much deceved mysef,
reped the other, f we fnd ths corpse whch es before us
to be that of Charcea: and stoopng down to e amne
the countenance, heavens he cred out, what do
see the face of Thsbe and startng bac , he stood
petrfed wth astonshment. Theagenes, on the contrary,
Te
cohbent
Puvers e gu ....
Munera or. . d. . 28.
) May one nd grave unte each hapess name.
nd graft my ove mmorta on thy fame. Pope.
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84 T D TG
now began to recover hs sprts, and n hs turn supported
and encouraged Cnemon, who was ready to fant and
besought hm that he woud ead hm nstanty to Charcea
Cnemon, by degrees comng to hmsef, agan e amned the
body, whch reay was that of Thsbe he new, too, by ts
ht, the sword whch Thyams from rage and haste had
eft stc ng n the wound. e perceved aso a tabet
appearng out of her bosom he too t, and was begnnng
to read what was wrtten upon t but Theagenes woud
not suffer hm, and earnesty entreated hm, f a he saw
was not the uson of some demon, that he woud ta e
hm to Charcea you may afterwards, sad he, read ths
tabet. Cnemon obeyed and, ta ng up the tabet and the
sword, hastened towards Charcea. he, creepng on hands
and nees towards the sound of ther voces as we as she
coud, at ength saw the ght, few to Theagenes, and hung
upon hs nec . nd mutuay e camng, nd are you
restored to me, my dear Theagenes Do you ve,
sweetest Charcea they fe n each others arms upon
the ground ther voces murmurng and themseves dyng
away. o much does a sudden rush of oy overpower the
human facutes, and e cess of peasure passes nto pan.
Thus these overs, une pectedy preserved, seemed agan n
danger, t Cnemon, observng a tte water n a ceft of
the roc , too t up n the hoow of hs hand, and sprn ng
t over ther faces and nostrs, they came by degrees to
themseves. ut when they dscovered ther stuaton,
yng on the ground n each other s arms, they rose mme-
datey, and bushng a tte, especay Charcea, began to
ma e e cuses to Cnemon. e, smng, turned the matter
nto peasantry.
Tou w not fnd a severe censor n me, sad he
whoever s but moderatey ac uanted wth the passon of
ove, w easy forgve ts e cesses. ut there s one part
of your conduct, Theagenes, whch cannot approve of
ndeed was ashamed to see t when you fe down, and
bewaed n so amentabe a manner a foregn woman, and
0 my sou s oy
f were now to de,
Twere now to be most happy for fear
My sou hath her content so absoute,
That not another comfort e to ths
ucceeds n un nown fate. theo.
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T G U D C C . 3
one of no good character, whe was a the tme assurng
you, that she, whom you professed to ove best, was ave
and near you. ave done, Cnemon, he reped do
not traduce me to Charcea. Tou now amented her,
under the person of another but snce the nd gods have
shewn me that was n an error, pray ca to mnd a tte
your own forttude. Tou oned your tears, at frst, wth
mne but when you recognzed the body whch ay before
you, you started as from a demon on the stage, you n
armour, and wth a sword, from a woman you, a Grecan
warror, from a corpse
Ths raery drew a short and forced sme from them,
mnged wth tears for such was ther caamtous stuaton,
that gref and thought soon overpowered ths geam of
cheerfuness. short sence ensued when Charcea
genty movng her fnger upon her chee under the ear,
e camed, sha aways esteem her best, whoever she
be, for whom Theagenes s concerned but, f you do not
thn that ove ma es me too n ustve, shoud be gad
to now who s ths happy damse who has been thought
worthy of hs tears and by what error he coud ta e a
stranger for me. Tou w wonder when you hear,
reped Theagenes. Cnemon affrms, that these are the
remans of Thsbe, the thenan snger, the potter aganst
hm and Dema neta. ow, sad the astonshed Cha-
rcea, coud she be brought here, from the mdde of
Greece to the e tremty of gypt, e a dety n a tra-
gedy f and how coud she be conceaed from us at our
entrance s to that, am as much at a oss about t
as you can be, sad Cnemon a now of her adven-
tures s ths: fter the tragca end of Demseneta, my
father ad before the peope what had happened. They
pted and pardoned hm and he was earnesty empoyed
n soctng my reca. Thsbe made use of the esure she
had upon her hands and at dfferent entertanments set
her musca s and her person to sae.
he now receved more favour from the pubc than
Ths moton s supposed to be a sgn of eaousy and anger.
Thus pueus, b. v, uam ub prmura nduotam obatam ue
sb conspe t enus, atssmum eaehnnum e tot et uaem soent
furenter rat, caput ue uatens, et adscapens awem de tram.
f aGarp fr avr e-
n the av r rpg and bp rpg who e hbted ther taents at
d2
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3 T D TU
rsnoe, who grew careess n practsng her taents whe
Thsbe shewed greater perfecton, both n voce and e ecu-
ton. ut she was not aware that by ths she had e cted
the ne tngushabe envy of a courtezan. Ths was n-
creased by her havng seduced ausces, a rch merchant
of aucratum, formery a over of rsnoe but who had
eft her on pretence of beng dsgusted wth the dstortons
of her eyes and countenance, whe she was payng on the
fute. nger and eaousy ragng n her bosom, she went
to the reatons of Demseneta, and dscovered to them the
snare whch Thsbe had ad for ther nswoman party
from her own con ectures, and party from what Thsbe
had tod her. Ther anger, however, fe frst upon my
father and they engaged the most s fu counse to accuse
hm to the peope, as f he had put Demaeneta to death
wthout tra or convcton and had made use of the
adutery ony as a prete t for her murder and oudy
caed upon hm to produce the aduterer, or at east to
name hm they concuded by nsstng that Thsbe shoud
be put to the torture. My father ready agreed to ths,
but she was not to be found for, upon the frst strrng of
the matter, she had ta en fght wth her merchant. The
peope, angry at her escape, were n an humour to hear
the defence of the accused. They dd not ndeed convct
hm of the murder, but found hm guty of beng concerned
n the contrvance aganst Demaeneta, and of my un ust
banshment. They e ed hm from the cty, and fned hm
to the amount of the greatest part of hs fortune. uch
were the fruts of hs second marrage.
The wretched Thsbe, whose punshment now see before
me, saed safe from thens: ths s a now about her,
and ths had from ntces at gna. saed wth hm
to gypt n hopes of fndng Thsbe at aucratum, that
mght brng her bac to thens, and cear my father from
the suspcons and accusatons he aboured under, and pro-
cure her to be usty punshed for her crmes aganst us.
hat have snce undergone you sha hear at a more con-
venent season et us now e amne nto the cause of the
tragedy whch s here presented to us. ut how Thsbe
prvate partes among the Gree s, see a ote at p. 114 of Mtche s
Transaton of rstophanes and another on ne 481 of hs edton
of The rogs.
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T G D C C . 37
came nto ths cavern, and how she has been murdered n t,
must be e paned to us, beeve, by some dety, for t
passes human comprehenson et us e amne, however, the
tabet that was found n her bosom perhaps that w gve
us some nformaton. th ths he too t, and began to
read as foows:
Thsbe, formery hs enemy, but now hs avenger, to
her master, Cnemon:
n the frst pace nform you of the death of Demas-
neta, brought about on your account by my means how t
happened, f you w admt me to your presence, w
reate to you n person. have been ten days on ths
sand, havng been made captve by one of the robbers, who
boasts that he s eutenant to the chef, and eeps me
cosey confned as he says, out of ove as suppose, est
shoud be ta en from hm. y the ndness of the gods,
have seen and recognzed you, and send ths tabet to you
prvatey by an od woman who wats upon me, commandng
her to dever t to a handsome Gree , a favourte of the
chef. Dever me from the power of these prates, and
receve to yoursef your handmad and, f you can preva
upon yoursef, preserve her nowng that n what acted
aganst you was compeed, but the revengng you of your
enemy was my own vountary act. ut, f you st fee an
ne tngushabe resentment aganst me, satate t as you
pease ony et me be n your hands, even f am to de by
them prefer death from you, and to have the rtes of my
country performed over my remans, to a fe that s more
dreadfu than death and to the ove of a barbaran, more
odous to me than the hatred of a Gree . Ths was the
contents of the tabet.
Thsbe, sad Cnemon, the gods have wsey or-
daned your death and that you shoud become, even after
your saughter, the reater of your caamtes the ury who
has drven you through the word, has not ceased her aveng-
ng pursut, t she has made me, whom you have n ured,
even n gypt, a spectator of your punshment. ut what
accdent s t whch has stopped your career, whe perhaps
tto nrovg
rt ro v w, a envog
pvrroueva oc,
a rovg pvg. oph. . 4 0.
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38 T D TU
ths etter of yours was ony the forerunner of some new
practce aganst me for cannot hep suspectng you even
now that you are dead. fear est the account of Demae-
neta s death shoud be a fcton est those who have
nformed me of t shoud have deceved me est you shoud
have crossed the seas wth a desgn to renew n gypt the
tragedes you have acted aganst me n ttca. you
courageous feow cres out Theagones, w you never
cease to terrfy yoursef wth shades and fances Tou cannot
pretend that she has bewtched me, at any rate, for have
had no part n the drama assure yoursef that no harm can
arse to you from ths dead corpse, and puc up your sprts:
but who has been so far your benefactor as to say your
enemy, and how and when she descended here, am uttery
at a oss to magne. s to the matter n genera am
so too, reped Cnemon but he who sew her was cer-
tany Thyams, as con ecture from the sword whch was
found near the body now t to be hs, by the vory ht
carved nto the form of an eage. ut can you con-
ecture, sad the other, how, and when, and for what
cause, he commtted ths murder ow shoud
now that he answered. Ths cavern has not had
the vrtue of nsprng me, e that of Deph or Tro-
phonus.
The menton of Deph seemed to agtate Theagenes,
and drew tears from Charcea they repeated the name
wth great emoton. Cnemon was surprsed, and coud not
conceve why they were so affected by t. n ths manner
they were engaged n the cave. Meanwhe Thermuths,
the eutenant of Thyams, after he had been wounded and
had got to and n the manner we have reated, when nght
came on, hastened towards the cavern n search of Thsbe
for he t was who had paced her there. e had some days
before ta en her by force from the merchant ausces n a
narrow mountan pass. n the tumut and attac whch
soon after ensued, when he was sent by Thyams n search
of a vctm, he et her down nto ths cavern, that she mght
be out of the reach of danger, and n hs hurry and con-
fuson eft her near the entrance of t. ere she remaned
out of fear, and gnorance of the wndng passages whch ed
to the bottom and here Thyams found and ed her by
msta e for Charcea. Thermuths proceeded on hs way
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T G D C C . 3
to Thsbe. Upon reachng the sand he hastened to the
tents these he found n ashes: and havng wth some dff-
cuty dscovered the entrance of the cavern, by means of
the stone coverng, he ghted a handfu of reeds whch yet
remaned there, and hastened to descend nto t.
e caed Thsbe by her name, n Gree but when he
saw her yng dead at hs feet, he stood motoness wth
horror and surprse. t ength he heard a murmur and
dstant sound of voces ssung from the hoow recesses of
the cave for Theagenes and Cnemon were st conversng
together.
These he concuded to be the murderers of Thsbe, and
was n doubt what he shoud do for as was natura n a
ferocous prate, hs rage, rased to the hghest ptch by ths
dsappontment of hs desres, urged hm to rush at once
upon the supposed authors of t but hs want of arms
made hm unwngy more cautous. e concuded there-
fore that t was best at frst not to present hmsef as
an enemy, but f by any means he coud possess hmsef of
arms, then to attac them on a sudden. th ths desgn
he advanced towards Theagenes, throwng wd and ferce
gances around hm, and dscoverng n hs oo s the purpose
of hs heart.
They were surprsed at the sudden appearance of a
stranger, amost na ed, wounded, and wth hs face boody.
Charcea, started and ashamed, retred nto the nmost part of the cave. Cnemon too drew a tte bac , now-
ng Thermuths, seeng hm une pectedy, and fearng
that he came there on no good account. ut Theagenes
was more rrtated than terrfed, and presentng the pont
of hs sword, caed out, tand where you are, or you
sha receve another wound thus far spare you, because
now your face, and am not sure of your desgns.
Thermuths stretched out hs unarmed hands, and besought
hs compasson forced, notwthstandng hs rugged temper,
from the crcumstance he was n, to become a suppant.
e caed on Cnemon for assstance, and sad he deserved
hep from hm, havng never n ured hm havng ved wth
hm as a comrade, and comng now as a frend. Cnemon
was moved by hs entreates rased hm from the nees of
Theagenes whch he had embraced, and eagery n ured
where was Thyams. The atter reated a he new how
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40 T D TU
hs eader had attac ed the enemy how he had rushed nto
the mdst of the batte, sparng nether hs foes nor hmsef
the saughter he made of them and the protecton whch
the procamaton to ta e hm ave afforded hm. e men-
toned hs own wound and escape, but new nothng of hs
captan s fate and was come here n search of Thsbe.
They n ured how he became so nterested about Thsbe
and how she came nto hs possesson. e tod them every-
thng: how he had ta en her from a merchant how he fe
voenty n ove wth her, and had conceaed her some tme
n hs tent, and at the approach of the attac ng party had
paced her n the cave where he now saw her san that he
was perfecty gnorant of the authors of her death, but
woud most gady fnd them out f he coud, and ascertan
ther motve.
Cnemon, eager to free hmsef from suspcon, tod hm
t was certany Thyams who sew her and shewed hm
the sword whch was found besde her whch, when Ther-
muths saw, st ree ng wth bood, and warm from the
wound, and new t to have beonged to Thyams, he
uttered a deep groan, st more perpe ed how to account
for the accdent, and n dumb goomy astonshment moved
towards the mouth of the cave. ere throwng hmsef
upon the bosom of the deceased, he embraced the body, and
repeatng nothng but the name of Thsbe, fanter by de-
grees and fanter, oppressed wth gref and fatgue, sun at
ast nto a seep.
The remander of the company n the cave began now to
consut what steps t was proper for them to pursue. ut
the muttude of ther past caamtes, the pressure of the
present msfortunes, and the uncertanty of what mght
happen to them, obscured the ght, and wea ened the
force, of ther reason. ach oo ed at the other, e pectng
hm to say somethng and beng dsapponted, turned hs
eyes to the ground and rasng them agan, sghed, ghten-
ng a tte hs gref by ths e presson of t. t ength
Cnemon sat down on the ground Theagenes threw hmsef
on a roc , and Charcea recned upon hm. n ths pos-
ture they a ong tme ressted the attac s of seep, desrous,
f they coud, to devse some scheme of acton but, over-
come at ast wth gref and fatgue, they unwngy yeded
to the aw of nature, and fe nto a sweet sumber from
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T G D C C . 41
the very e cess of sorrow. Thus s the ntegent sou
obged sometmes to sympathse wth the affectons of the
body.
hen seep had for a tte whe ust weghed ther eye-
ds down, the foowng vson appeared to Charcea.
man wth hs har n dsorder, a downcast oo , and boody
hands, seemed to come and thrust out her rght eye wth a
sword. he nstanty cred out, and caed upon Theagenes.
e was soon awa ened, and fet for her uneasness, though
t was ony n a dream. he fted her hand to her face, as
f n search of the part she had ost, and then e camed,
t was a dream my eye s safe am gad, reped
Theagenes, that those brght sunbeams are unn ured.
ut what has aed you how came you so terrfed
savage and voent man, says she, not fearng even
your vaour, attac ed me wth a sword as ay at your feet
and, as thought, deprved me of my rght eye and woud
that t had been a reaty and not a vson ow eaven
forefend why do you ma e so shoc ng a wsh e-
cause woud much rather ose one of my eyes than be under
apprehensons for you for greaty fear that the dream
regards you, whom esteem as my eyes, my sou, my a.
Cease, caed out Cnemon (who had heard a that had
passed, havng been awa ened by the frst e camaton of
Charcea), for thn the vson has another nterpre-
taton. ad you any parents vng when you eft Greece
had, she reped. eeve then now that your
father s dead. form my con ecture from hence: ur
parents are the authors of our beng therefore they may
propery enough n a dream be shadowed out under the
smtude of eyes, the organs of ght, whch convey to us
thngs vsbe.
The oss of my father, reped Charcea, woud be a
heavy bow but et even your nterpretaton be the true
one, rather mne. consent to pass for a fase prophet
e t so, reped Cnemon but we are ndeed dream-
ng, whe we are e amnng fances and vsons, and forget
to appy ourseves to our rea busness, especay whe the
absence of the gyptan (meanng Thermuths), who s
empoyed n amentng hs deceased ove, gves us an oppor-
tunty. Cnemon, sad Theagenes, snce some god
has oned you to us, and made you a parta er n our caa-
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42 T D TU
mtes, do you advse us what to do, for you are ac uanted
wth the country and anguage and we, oppressed wth a
greater weght of msfortunes, are ess ft for counse.
hch of us has the greater oad of msfortunes to
strugge wth, s by no means cear, sad Cnemon.
have my fu share of them but, however, as am the eder,
and you command me to spea , w obey you. The
sand where we are, you see, s desoate, and contans none
but ourseves. f god, sver, and precous garments,
pundered from you and others, and heaped together by the
prates, there s penty but of food and other necessares,
t s totay desttute. f we stay here, we are n danger of
pershng by famne, or of beng destroyed by some of the
nvaders, or by the buccaneers, f, nowng of the treasures
whch are eft here, they return agan n search of them.
There w then be no escape ether we sha persh, or be
e posed to ther voence and nsuts. They are aways
a fathess race, and w now be more dsordery and dread-
fu, havng ost ther chef. e must fy, therefore, from
ths pace, as from a snare and a prson, sendng Thermuths
away frst, f we can, under prete t of n urng after
Thyams, for we sha be more at berty to consut and act
by ourseves. t s prudent, too, to remove from us a man
of an unconstant temper, of savage manners, and who,
besdes, suspects us on account of the death of Thsbe, and
probaby ony wats for an opportunty to commt some
voence aganst us.
The advce of Cnemon was approved of and they deter-
mned to foow t and movng towards the mouth of the
cave, the day now begnnng to dawn, they roused Ther-
muths, who was st sun n seep and teng hm as
much as they thought proper of ther desgn, easy per-
suaded a fc e-mnded man. They then too the body of
Thsbe, drew t nto a hoow of the roc , covered t as we
as they coud wth ashes from the tents, and performed
what funera rtes the tme and pace woud admt of, sup-
pyng what was defcent by tears and amentatons.
They ne t proceeded to send out Thermuths on the
e pedton they had pro ected for hm. e set out, but
soon returned, decarng he woud not go aone, nor e pose
hmsef to the danger of so perous a search, uness Cnemon
woud bear hm company. Theagenes, observng that ths
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T G D C C . 43
proposa was by no means agreeabe to Cnemon, who
betrayed evdent mar s of fear and apprehenson when
nformed of t, sad to hm, Tou are vaant n counc,
Cnemon, but a aggard n acton you have shown ths more
than once puc up your sprts, and prove yoursef a man.
t s necessary that ths feow shoud have no suspcon, at
present, of our desgn to eave hm. eem to agree, there-
fore, to what he proposes, and go wth hm at frst for
there s no danger to be apprehended from an unarmed
man, especay by you who are armed. Tou may ta e
your opportunty, and eave hm prvatey, and come to us
at some pace whch we sha f upon and we w, f you
pease, menton some neghbourng town, f you now any,
where the nhabtants are a tte cvzed.
Cnemon agreed to ths, and named Chemms, a rch and
popuous pace, stuated on a rsng ground on the ban s of
the e, by way of defence aganst the ncursons of the
prates, about one hundred furongs dstant from the a e
drecty south. fear, sad Theagenes, that Charcea
w fnd some dffcuty n gettng thther, as she s unused
to wa ng however, we w attempt t, and pretend that
we are beggars who see our vng by showng uggng
trc s. Truy, sad Cnemon, your faces are suffcenty ds-
fgured for such a busness, partcuary Charcea s, who
has ust ost an eye after a, though, fear you w rather
appear guests for the tabe than pettoners for scraps at
the door. Ths say was receved wth a forced and
angud sme, whch payed ony on the ps. They then
prepared to depart, swearng never to desert each other,
and cang the gods to wtness t.
Cnemon and Thermuths set out eary n the mornng
and, crossng the a e, too ther way through a thc and
dffcut wood. Thermuths went frst, at the persuason of
teray, persons who ma e re uest for vauabe gfts, such as
swords and trpods, rather than mendcants who beg for bro en
vctuas. Cnemon must mean to say that nature had wrtten gen-
teman and gentewoman too pany upon ther faces for them to
pass current as genune vagrants. The ne uoted s n the dyssey,
. sv. 1. 222.
he see s
ot sword nor trpod, but the scoundre meed
f mammoc s, such as others cast away. Gowper.
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44 T D TU
Cnemon, on the prete t that, as he was ac uanted wth the
country, he was better uafed to ead n reaty, that the
other mght more easy fnd an opportunty of desertng
hm. They met wth some foc s n ther way and the
shepherds fed, at ther approach, nto the thc est of the
wood. They sezed a ram, roasted hm at a fre the shep-
herds had ghted, and hardy stayng t t was suffcenty
dressed, devoured the fesh wth eagerness. unger pressed
them they fe upon t e woves swaowed whoe peces,
ust warmed through, and st droppng wth bood. hen
they had satsfed ther hunger, and aayed ther thrst
wth m , they pursued ther way. venng now ap-
proached, and they were ascendng a h under whch was
stuated a town, where Thermuths sad t was very probabe
that Thyams was ether detaned a captve or had been
san. ere Cnemon pretended that he fet great pan
that hs stomach was e ceedngy dsordered by hs nord-
nate repast of meat and drn , and that he must retre to
ease t. Ths he dd two or three tmes, that hs com-
panon mght suspect nothng, and companed that t was
wth great dffcuty he coud foow hm. hen he had
accustomed the gyptan to hs stayng behnd, he too an
opportunty at ast to et hm go on forwards farther than
usua and then, turnng suddeny bac , he ran down the
h as fast as he coud nto the thc est part of the bushes.
Thermuths, when he had arrved at the summt, sat hmsef
down on a roc , e pectng the approach of nght, whch
they had agreed to wat for before they entered nto the
town to n ure after Thyams. e oo ed about for hs
companon, havng no good desgns aganst hm, for he was
st persuaded that he had san Thsbe, and was consder-
ng how he mght serve hm n the same manner proposng
afterwards to attac Theagenes. ut when Cnemon ap-
peared nowhere, and nght advanced, he fe aseep a
deady and ast seep t proved to hm, for an asp, whch
had an conceaed n a thc et, bt hm, and put a fttng
end to hs fe.
ut Cnemon, after he had eft Thermuths, stopped not n hs fght t the dar ness of the nght obged hm to ma e a hat. e then endeavoured to concea hmsef by yng down and coverng hmsef as we as he coud wth eaves. a ov rva a rvfa rfarov vrvov. omer, . . 241.
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T G M) C C . 4
ere he passed a restess and amost seepess nght, ta ng
every nose, every gust of wnd, and moton of a eaf, for
Thermuths. f at any tme he dropped nto a sumber, he
thought he was feeng and oo ng behnd, magned he
saw hm pursung, who was now unabe to foow hm t at
ast he ressted a approaches of seep, hs dreams becomng
more dreadfu to hm than even hs wa ng apprehensons.
e was uneasy at the duraton of the nght, whch
appeared to hm the ongest he had ever spent. t ength,
to hs great oy, day appeared. et then proceeded to cut
hs har short, whch he had suffered to grow, n mtaton
of, and to recommend hmsef to, hs pratca companons,
for the prates, wng to render themseves as formdabe
as they can, among other thngs, chersh ong har, whch
they suffer to grow down ther foreheads, and pay over
ther shouders, we nowng that fowng oc s, as they
ma e the over more amabe, so they render the warror
more terrbe. hen Cnemon, therefore, had shaped hs
har nto the common form, he proceeded to Chemms,
where he had apponted to meet Theagenes. s he drew
near the e, and was preparng to pass over t to Chemms,
he perceved an od man wanderng upon ts ban s, wa ng
severa tmes up and down the stream, as f he were com-
muncatng hs cares to the rver. s oc s were as whte
as snow, and shaped e those of a prest hs beard fowng
and venerabe hs habt Grecan. Cnemon stopped a tte
but when the od man passed by many tmes, seemngy
unconscous that any one was near (so entrey was he
mmersed n care and medtaton), he paced hmsef before
hm, and, n the Grecan manner of sautaton, bd hm be
of good cheer. The other reped, hs fortunes were such
e one, who on a onesome road
Doth wa n fear and dread,
nd havng once turn d round, wa s on
nd turns no more hs head
ecause he nows a frghtfu fend
Doth cose behnd hm tread. Coerdge.
The taan bravoes used to encourage the growth of a oc of
har, whch mght be thrown over the face as a dsguse, and whch
they shaved off when gvDg up ther ev ways. cuffo era uas
una pstfte fe armatura, et un dstntvo de bravacc e deg scapes-
trat, ua po da co vennero comunemente chamat cff.
Manzon, Promess pos, vo. ., p. 2.
t apv v.
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4 T D TU
that good cheer was out of the ueston. Cnemon, sur-
prsed, as ed: re you a stranger from Greece, or from
whence am nether a Grecan nor a stranger, sad
he, but an gyptan of ths country. hy, then, have
you a Grecan dress My msfortunes, says he, have
put me nto ths spendd habt. The other, wonderng
how msfortunes coud mprove a man s appearance, and
seemng desrous to be nformed Tou carry me nto a
tae of Troy dvne, reped the od man and a swarm
of evs, the recta of whch woud oppress you. ut
whence do you come, young man, and whther are you
gong and how come to hear the Gree tongue n
gypt - t s a tte unreasonabe n you, reped
Cnemon, to as these uestons of me, you who w te
nothng about yoursef, though made the frst n ures.
admt t, sad the other but do not be offended.
Tou seem to be a Gree , and to have yoursef undergone
some transfermatoa from the hand of fortune. Tou are
desrous to hear my adventures am no ess so to reate
them. Probaby had tod them to these reeds, as the
fabe t goes, f had not met wth you. ut et us eave
the e and ts ban s for a stuaton e posed to the mer-
dan sun s not a proper pace for a ong narraton. f you
have no urgent busness whch hnders you, et us go to the
town whch you see opposte to us. w entertan you, not
n my own house,but n that of a good man who receved me
when mpored hs protecton. There you may sten to
my story, and n your turn reate your own. th a
my heart, sad Cnemon, for mysef was gong to ths
town to wat for some frends of mne, whom had
apponted to meet there. Gettng, therefore, nto a boat,
many of whch were yng by the rver s sde, to transport
passengers, they crossed over nto the town, and arrved at
tv fe tpec.
nfandum ubes renovare doorem. rg.
t udng to the barber of ng Mdas, who, beng a bad eeper
of secrets, reveaed to the reeds the fact of hs ord and master havng
ass s ears.
Creber arundnbus tremus b surgere ueus
Ccept et ut prmum peno maturut anno,
Proddt agreoam en nam motus ab ustro
bruta verba refert domn ue ooargut aures.
vd. Met. . 1 0.
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T G T 8 D C C . 47
the house where the stranger was odged. The master of
the house was not at home but hs daughter, a marrage-
abe maden, receved them wth great cheerfuness, and
the servants wated upon the od man as f he had been
ther father, most probaby by ther master s orders. ne
washed hs feet, and wped off the dust from under hs
nees another got ready hs bed, and strewed t wth soft
coverngs a thrd brought an urn, and fed t wth fre
a fourth prepared the tabe, and spread t wth bread and
varous nds of frut.
Cnemon, wonderng at ther aacrty, e camed, e have
certany got nto the house of ove the osptabe, such
s the attenton and snguar benevoence wth whch we are
receved. Tou have not got nto the habtaton of ove,
reped the other, but nto that of a man who e acty m-
tates hs hosptabe and chartabe uates: for hs fet has been a mercante and wanderng one he has seen
many ctes, and observed the manners of many natons he
s naturay therefore ncned to compassonate the stranger,
and receve the wanderer, as he dd me not many days ago.
nd how came you to be a wanderer, father eng
deprved, sad he, of my chdren by robbers nowng
those who had n ured me, but unabe to contend wth them
roam about ths spot, mournng and sorrowng not un e
a brd whose nest a serpent has made desoate, and s de-
vourng her young before her eyes. he s afrad to ap-
proach, yet cannot bear to desert them terror and affecton
strugge wthn her she fes mournfuy round the scene
of her caamtes, pourng n van her materna compants
nto ears deaf to her wangs and strangers to mercy.
vov we.
f ho far and wde
wand rer
Dscover d varous ctes, and the mnd
nd manners earn d of men n ands remote. d. . 1. Cowper.
t dreadfu serpent
gded to the tree.
ght youngng sparrows wth the parent brd
at screen d wth foage on the topmost bough.
The screamng tte ones wth ease he gorg d,
nd whe the mother, crcng o er hs head,
th shrest agony bewa d her oss,
e sez d her by the wng, frst drew her down
thn hs spry fods, and then devoured. - . n. 30 . Cowper.
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48 T D TU
you then reate, sad Cnemon, when and how you
encountered ths grevous war of woe y-and-bye, he
reped but et us now attend to our cravng stomach
whch, because t consders tsef of more conse uence than
any other organ, s caed by omer destructve. nd frst,
as s the custom of the gyptan sages, et us ma e a ba-
ton to the gods. othng sha ma e me omt ths nor
sha gref ever so entrey possess my mnd, as to render
me forgetfu of what owe to heaven. th ths he
poured pure water out of the vase, and sad, ma e ths
baton to the gods of ths country, and those of Greece
to the Pythan poo, and aso to Theagenes and Charcea,
the good and beautfu, snce rec on them aso among the
gods: and then he wept, as f he were ma ng another
baton to them wth hs tears. Cnemon, greaty struc at
what he heard, vewed the od man from head to foot, and
e camed, hat do you say re Theagenes and Cha-
rcea reay your chdren They are my chdren,
reped the stranger, but born to me wthout a mother.
ortune, by the permsson of the gods, gave them to me
brought them forth wth the trava of my sou. My great
ncnaton towards them supped the pace of nature and
have been esteemed by them, and caed ther father. ut
te me, how came you ac uanted wth them am not
ony ac uanted wth them, sad Cnemon, but can assure
you that they are ave and we. poo, and a the
gods he e camed, where are they Te me, beseech
you and you w be my preserver and e ua to the gods
ut what sha be my reward reped the other. t
present that of obgng me no mean reward to a wse
man: now many who have ad up ths as a treasure n
ther hearts. ut f we arrve n my country, whch, f
may beeve the to ens of the gods, w ere ong be, your
utmost desres sha be satsfed wth weath.
Tou promse me, sad Cnemon, thngs uncertan and
future, when you have t n your power to reward me m-
medatey. how me anythng can now do for you,
sad the od man, for woud wngy part even wth a
mb to satsfy you. Tour mbs need be n no danger,
.... unger hath a cry whch never man
Mght sence. Many an ev he endures
or hunger s sa e. t s a cravng guf. d. v. 287. Cowper.
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T G 8 D C C . 4
reped the Grecan sha be satsfed f you w reate
to me from whence these strangers come, who were ther
parents, how they were brought here, and what have been
ther adventures. Tou sha have a treat, reped the
od man so great as to be second to none other, not even
f you shoud obtan a earthy treasures. ut et us now
ta e a tte food for my narraton and your stenng w
ta e up a consderabe tme.
hen they had eaten, therefore, some nuts and fgs, and
fresh-gathered dates, and such other thngs as the od man
was used to feed upon (for he never deprved any anma of
fe for hs own nourshment), he dran a tte water, and
Cnemon some wne and, after a short pause, the atter
sad: Tou now, father, that acchus deghts n con-
vva conversatons and stores and as am now under hs
nfuence, am very desrous of hearng some, and cam
from you my promsed reward: t s tme to brng your
pece upon the stage, as the sayng goes. Tou sha be
satsfed, reped the stranger: but wsh the good
ausces were here, who has often earnesty desred to hear
ths deta from me, and as often, on some prete t or other,
has been put off. t the name of ausces, Cnemon
as ed where he was. e s gone a huntng, reped the
other. nd after what nd of game hy, not
ndeed of wd beasts, but of men as savage as they, who are
caed buccaneers, who ve by robbery, who are very dff-
cut to be ta en, and ur n marshes, caverns, and a es.
hat offence have they gven hm They have ta en
hs mstress from hm, an thenan gr, whom he caed
Thsbe. h sad Cnemon, n a tone of surprse, and
mmedatey stopped, as f chec ng hmsef. hat as
you sad the od man. The other, evadng the ueston,
proceeded, wonder wth what forces he means to attac
them roondates, vceroy of gypt, under the Great
ng, has apponted Mtranes commandant of ths town
ausces, by means of a arge sum of money, has pre-
vaed upon hm to march wth a body of horse and foot
aganst them for he s e ceedngy annoyed at the oss of
ths Grecan gr not ony because he ed her hmsef,
and because she was we s ed n musc but because he
was gong to ta e her wth hm to the ng of thopa, by

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0 T D TU P
way of attendant upon the ueen, as he sad, and to amuse her
after the Grecan fashon. eng deprved, therefore, as he
supposes, by her oss, of a great reward whch he e pected
for her, he s usng hs utmost efforts to recover her. en-
couraged hm too to ths e pedton, thn ng t possbe he
mght fnd and recover my chdren aso. nough of buc-
caneers, and vceroys, and ngs, cred out Cnemon, m-
patenty your dscourse s wanderng from the pont
am at. Ths epsode has nothng to do wth the man pot
come bac to the performance of your promse you are e
the Pharan Proteus f not turnng ndeed nto fase and
feetng shapes, but tryng to sp away from me. e sats-
fed, sad the od man, you sha now a. w e pan to
you frst what reates to mysef, shorty, and wthout reserve
whch w be a proper ntroducton to that whch s to foow.
am a ctzen of Memphs. The name of my father was
Caasrs, as s ewse mne. Though now a wanderer,
was not ong ago a hgh prest. had a wfe, but have now
ost her after her death ved for some tme uety,
deghtng mysef wth two sons whom she had eft me. ut
n a few years, the fated revouton of the heaveny bodes
atered every thng the eye of aturn scowed upon my
famy, and portended a change n my fortunes for the
worse. had s enough to foresee the s whch threatened
me, but not to avod them for no foresght can enabe us
to escape the mmutabe decrees of fate: t s, however, an
advantage, to have some fore nowedge of them, as t bunts the voence of the stro e. Une pected msfortunes, my
son, are ntoerabe those whch are foreseen are more
easy borne: the mnd s confused and dsarmed by sudden
fear custom and reason strengthen t. My caamtes
began n ths manner:
Thracan woman, n the boom of youth and n beauty
second ony to Charcea, whose name was hodope, unfor-
tunatey for those who became ac uanted wth her, traveed
through gypt. n her progress she came n reve-rout
ruao ov tovto, bv v rpog tov ovvcov
r r ag.
rg. G. v. 387.
w/uz . Dd eodorus ta e hs dea of hodope from the
ceebrated personage of that name mentoned by erod. . 13 , and
e uay famed for her beauty and her profgacy
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T G D C C . 1
to Memphs, wth great u ury and pomp of attendance,
and adorned wth every grace, and e ercsng a the arts of
ove. t was amost mpossbe to see her, and not fa
nto her snares such rresstbe wtchery accompaned the
eyes of ths far harot. he fre uenty came nto the
tempe of ss, where offcated as hgh prest. he wor-
shpped the goddess wth sacrfces and costy offerngs.
am ashamed to proceed yet w not concea the truth.
The fre uent sght of her overcame me at ast, n spte of
the command had ong been accustomed to mantan over
my passons. strugged ong aganst my body eyes and
the eyes of my fancy, but n van yeded at ast, and
san under the domnon of ove. perceved that the
arrva of ths woman was to be the begnnng of those msfor-
tunes whch the heavens foretod to me and that my ev
genus was to ma e her one of the prncpa nstruments of
them. determned, however, to do nothng to dsgrace
that offce of presthood whch had descended to me from
my ancestors, nor to profane the atars and tempes of the
gods: and as to the transgresson whch my ev stars had
determned shoud fa nto, not n act, ndeed (heaven
forbd ) but n desre consttuted reason my udge, and
made her mpose the penaty of e e from my natve and,
yedng to the necessty of fate, submttng to ts decrees,
and fyng from the -omened hodope. or w own to
you, 0 stranger that was afrad, est, under the present
baefu nfuence of the consteatons, mght be tempted
to do somethng unbecomng my character. nother, and a
prncpa reason for my absentng mysef, was, on account of my chdren for my s n dvnaton shewed me that they
were n a short tme to contend wth each other n arms.
natchng mysef away, therefore, from a spectace so
dreadfu to a father s eyes (suffcent to turn asde the
aspect of the sun, and ma e hm hde hs beams), de-
parted from my country, from my house, and famy, ma ng
no one ac uanted wth the course ntended to ta e, but
pretendng that was gong to gyptan Thebes, to see my
edest son Thyams, who was there on a vst to hs grand-
The we-favoured harot, the mstress of wtchcrafts, that seeth
natons through her whoredoms, and fames through her wtchcrafts.
ahum, . 4.
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2 T D TU
father. Cnemon started agan at the name of Thyams
but restraned hmsef, and was sent, desrous to hear the
se ue. The od man, after observng
pass over the ntermedate part of my ourney, for t
has no reaton to what you desre to now, thus pro-
ceeded: ut havng heard that there was a famous cty n
Greece, caed Deph, sacred to poo, aboundng n tem-
pes, the resort of wse men, retred, and free from popuar
tumuts thther bent my steps, thn ng that a cty des-
tned for sacred rtes was a proper retreat for one of my
professon. saed through the Crssoean guf, and and-
ng at Crrha, proceeded to the cty: when entered t, a
voce, no doubt dvne, sounded n my ears and as n other
respects ths pace seemed a ft habtaton for a superor
race, so partcuary on account of ts stuaton. The moun-
tan Parnassus hangs over t, as a nd of natura fortf-
caton and ctade, stretchng out ts sdes, and recevng the
cty nto ts bosom. Tour descrpton s most graphc,
cred out Cnemon, and seems reay made under the n-
fuence of the Pythc nspraton for n ths manner
remember we my father descrbed Deph, when he returned
from the counc of the mphctyons, to whch the cty of
thens had deputed hm as sacred secretary. ou are
an thenan then, my son Tes. Tour name
Cnemon. hat have been your fortunes -- Tou sha
hear by-and-bye. ow however contnue your own narra-
ton. w, reped the od man.
ascended nto the pace, admred the cty of race-
courses, of mar et-paces, and of fountans, especay the
famed one of Castaa, wth the water of whch sprn ed
mysef, and hastened to the tempe for the throngng of
the muttude, whch pressed towards t, seemed to announce
the tme when the prestess was about to be under the
sacred mpuse f and havng worshpped and uttered a pet-
ton for mysef, receved the foowng orace:
Thou from the ferte e, thy course dost bend,
Pause here awhe, and so ourn as my frend:
pofun ova. The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each
mphctyonc state to ther Counc, aong wth the rv ayopag, the
actua deputy or mnster. vto a.
v g aupafuvog an vora vog rapa ov,
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T G D C C . 3
tem fate thou fy st, her stro es wth courage bear
re ong of gypt thou shat have a share.
s soon as the prestess had pronounced ths, fe upon
my face, and besought the dety to be proptous to me n
everythng. The crowd who surrounded the shrne, oned
n prasng the dety for havng degned to answer me on
my frst entreaty they congratuated me, and pad me
great respect, sayng, that seemed to be the greatest
favourte wth the dety who had appeared there snce
ycurgus, a partan. They permtted me at my re uest
to nhabt the precncts of the tempe, and passed a decree
that shoud be mantaned at the pubc e pense. My
stuaton, n short, was a very agreeabe one ether
asssted at the ceremones and sacrfces whch were every
day performed and offered by strangers as we as natves,
or conversed wth the phosophers, for many of ths de-
scrpton foc ed to Deph. The cty f s n truth a
unversty, nspred by the dety who presdes over nsp-
raton and the muses. arous sub ects were dscussed
sometmes the manner of our regous rtes n gypt, and
why certan anmas were counted sacred more than others
and the dfferent hstores whch beonged to each. nother
n ured about the constructon of the Pyramds and the
Catacombs. n short, there was nothng reatve to gypt
whch they dd not scrutnze nto for t s wonderfu how
the Gree s sten to, and are deghted wth, accounts of
that country. t ength one among the more accompshed
of them touched upon the e, ts fountans, and nun-
datons, wonderng why t aone, of a rvers, shoud n the
summer tme swe and overfow. tod them what new
y C uooaw / ar tpc v uv.
Tr a , co ycto yw vavav a o ynrroo
T /a 7r 0ov wtrw vvv o fbg toao 0 oc.
The address of the Pytha to ycurgus was as foows :
Thou com st, ycurgus, to ths honour d shrne
avour d by ove, and ev ry power dvne,
r God or morta how sha decde Doubtess to heav n most dear and most aed.
erod. . . eoe s Tr.
Mouhov vtto favar y ry /3r o f) 7.
t upyyf. mmanus Marcenus, . , thus descrbes the
upyyf or subterraneous buryng paces of the gyptan ngs.
uDt et syrnges subterrane udam et fe uos secessus, uos (ut
fertur) pert rtuum vetustorum adventnre duvum prsesc, metuen-
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4 T D TU
on that sub ect, whch had gathered from the sacred boo s
whch the prests aone are permtted to consut. reated
how t had ts rse on the south-east confnes of yba and
thopa that t ncreased n the summer, not because
ts waters, as some supposed, were drven bac by the
tesan wnds, but because these wnds, about the tme of
the summer sostce, drve the couds before them from the
northern nto the southern parts, whch are by ths means
coected n the torrd zone, where ther farther moton s
stopped by the e treme vehemence of the heat. They are
then condensed, and pressed by degrees, t they dssove,
and fa n copous showers. These swe the rver t t
dsdans ts ban s, and, burstng over gypt e a sea, fer-
tzes the pans t overfows. ts waters are very sweet to
drn , as they are furnshed by the rans from heaven they
are not hot to the touch as they are hgher up, but never-
theess are tepd they e hae no vapours e other rvers,
whch they certany woud do, f (as some earned Grecans
suppose) ther rse was owng to the metng of the snows.
he was dscoursng n ths manner, one of the
prests of poo, whose name was Charces, wth whom
had contracted some ntmacy, sad, am peased wth what
you say, and agree wth you entrey, for have heard the
same account of ths matter from the prests at the cata-
racts of the e. nd have you been as far as there, sad
have, he reped. n what account n occason
of some famy msfortunes, whch, however, at ast became
the course of my happness. hen e pressed some sur-
prze at ths, Tou woud not wonder, sad he, f you
were to hear the whoe matter as t happened and you
may hear t whenever you pease. shoud b very gad
to hear t at once, sad . ttend then, sad Charces
for have ong, and from an nterested motve, wshed for
an opportunty of reatng my story to you: and, dsmss-
ng the genera company, he began as foows:
had been marred a consderabe tme wthout havng
tes ue ne ceremonarum o tcraretur memora, pentus opeross
dgestos fodns, per oca dversa stru erunt et e css paretbus,
voucrum ferarum ue genera nrata scupserunt, et aumaun specea
nnumeraa mutas, uaa herogyphcas teraa appearunt, atns
gnorabes.
ee erod, . 1 2 and a note n a esey s edt, on . 17.
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T G D C C .
chdren weared the gods wth suppcatons and
at ast, n an advanced stage of fe, became the father of
a tte daughter, but who was born, as the gods foretod,
not under auspcous destny. he became marrageabe,
and had many sutors. marred her to hm whom
thought most worthy of her and on the very weddng nght
she was burnt n her bed, her apartment havng been set on
fre ether by accdent or ghtnng. The hymenea song,
whch was st resoundng, was turned nto a drge: she was
carred from the marrage apartment to her grave and the
torches, whch had umnated the nupta processon, now
ghted the funera pe.
My ev genus added yet another caamty to ths tra-
gedy, and too from me the mother of my chd, who san
under her sorrows.
uch a seres of msfortunes was amost too much for
me. t was wth dffcuty abstaned from ayng voent
hands upon mysef had however strength of mnd suff-
cent to refran from an acton whch the teachers of regon
pronounce unawfu. ut beng unabe to bear the sotude
and sence of my house, eft my country, for to deaden
memory by turnng the eyes upon new ob ects s a great
paatve to gref. wandered nto varous parts, and came
at ast nto your gypt, and to Catadupa,f n order to vst the
cataracts of the e: ths, my frend, was the occason of my
comng nto your country, whch you n ured after. must
now proceed to a dgresson, though t more propery forms
the prncpa reason of my enterng at a nto ths narraton.
he was wanderng at esure through the cty, and
buyng some thngs of the Gree s (for tme havng now
consderaby aevated my gref, thought of returnng nto
my country), was accosted by a mdde-aged man, wth the
compe on of an thopan, but of a grave deportment, and
bearng mar s of prudence n hs aspect: he sauted me,
and n bro en Gree sad he wshed to spea to me.
ready consentng, he too me nto a neghbourng tempe,
The reader w eep n mnd that t s Charees who spea s now
to Caasra: otherwse, between the doube narraton gong on at the
same tme, of Caasrs to Cneruon, and of Charces to Caasrs, he
may be a tte confused.
f a- uuru the cataracts of the e, aso the parts n thpoa
n whch they are. erod. . 17. Ccero cas them Catadupa.
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T D TU
and sad: saw you cheapenng some ndan, thopan,
and gyptan roots and herbs f you reay have a desre to
buy some, can furnsh you. sha be very gad to see
them, reped. Tou must not beat me down too much,
sad he. Do not then be too e orbtant on your part, was
my answer. th that he pued a sma pouch from a poc et
under hs arm, and showed me some ewes of nestmabe
vaue: there were pears as bg as nuts, perfecty round, and
of the purest whte emerads and amethysts the former as
green as the verna corn, and shnng wth a nd of oy
ustre the atter resembng the coour of the sea-beach,
when payed upon by the shadows of an overhangng roc ,
whch mpart to t a purpe tnge. The mnged brancy
of the whoe coecton astonshed and deghted my eyes.
fter havng contempated them for some tme, sad,
Tou must see some other purchaser my whoe fortune
woud scarcey be suffcent to procure one of these gems.
ut f you cannot buy them, he reped, you may receve
them as a present. Certany but why are you estng
wth me am not estng wth you, am serous n what
say and swear to you by the dety whose shrne we
are before, that w gve you everythng whch have
shown you, f, n addton to these, you w receve from my
hands a present far more precous than a whch you behod.
coud not hep smng: he as ed the cause of t.
ecause t seems to me rdcuous, sad , that when you
promse me gfts of such prce, you shoud besdes ma e me
e pect a present st more vauabe. evertheess, beeve
me, he reped, and swear to me that you w use my gft
we, and n the manner whch sha e act from you.
wondered and doubted, but at ast swore to hm, aured by
the hopes of such treasures. hen had ta en such an
oath as he re ured, he conducted me to hs house, and
showed me a gr of wonderfu and more than morta beauty:
e affrmed she was but seven years od but she appeared
to me to be amost of a marrageabe age, so much dd her
uncommon beauty seem to add even to her stature. stood
for some tme motoness, gnorant of what was to foow,
and ravshed wth the sght before me when my conductor
thus addressed me:
The chd whom you behod, stranger, was e posed,
o ro roPTov. . . 3 0.
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T G D C C . 7
when an nfant, by her mother, and eft at the mercy of fortune, for a reason whch you sha hear by-and-bye. t
happened uc y that found, and too her up for coud
not aow mysef to desert n ts danger a sou whch had
once entered a human body: n so dong shoud have trans-
gressed the precepts of our G-yumosophsts, of whom had
been prveged to be a dscpe. omethng, too, uncommon
and dvne, seemed to beam from the eyes of the nfant,
whch were cast upon me wth spar ng yet engagng ustre.
There was e posed wth her ths profuson of ewes whch
have shown you. There was a s en fet, on whch was
wrtten some account of the chd, n etters of her natve
country her mother, suppose, ta ng care to pace these
e panatons wth her. hen had read t, and new from
whence and whose the nfant was, too her to a farm at a
dstance from the cty, and paced her n the hands of shep-
herds to be nourshed, en onng them to eep her as prvate
as possbe. mysef ept the ewes whch were e posed
wth her, est they mght tempt any one to destroy the chd.
The whoe transacton remaned for a whe a secret but, n
process of tme, as she grew up and ncreased more than
commony n stature and n beauty (so much so, ndeed, that
her charms woud not have been conceaed even n the bowes
of the earth), fearng some dscovery to her pre udce, and
that , too, mght come nto some troube about her: pro-
cured mysef to be sent ambassador nto gypt. came here:
brought the gr wth me, beng very desrous of pacng her
n some secure stuaton. The vceroy of ths country has
apponted to gve me audence to-day: meanwhe dever
up to you, and to the gods, the dsposers of a events, ths
chd trustng that you w observe the condtons you
have sworn to that you w preserve her free, as you have
receved her, and marry her to a free man. confde n
your performng a you have promsed not dependng
aone on your oaths, but on your dsposton and genera
conduct, whch have observed for the many days whch
you have spent n ths cty, and whch see to be truy
worthy of Greece, that renowned country to whch you owe
your brth. Ths s a can say to you at present, as the
busness of my embassy cas me but, f you w meet
ee nthon s emprere s Cassca Det.
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8 T D TU
me at the tempe of ss to-morrow, you sha have a more
partcuar and e act account of your charge.
dd as was desred. too the gr home wth me
to my house: treated her wth respect and tenderness,
gvng than s to the gods for the event and from that tme
cang and esteemng her as my daughter. The ne t morn-
ng hastened to the tempe of ss, where the stranger had
apponted me and after had wa ed about and wated
a consderabe tme, and saw nothng of hm, went to the
paace of the vceroy, and n ured f any one had seen the
thopan ambassador. was there tod that he had eft
the cty, or rather had been drven out of t, the evenng
before, the vceroy threatenng hm wth death f he dd
not mmedatey ut the provnce. hen 1 n ured nto
the cause of so sudden a proceedng, earned that he had,
wth some haughtness, forbdden the governor to medde
wth the emerad mnes, whch he camed as beongng e -
cusvey to thopa. returned home ve ed and dsap-
ponted, as was by ths accdent prevented from nowng
the condton, the country, and parents of the chd.
am ve ed, too, as much as he was, sad Cnemon, for
my curosty on these sub ects s neary as great but, per-
haps, t may be satsfed n the progress of your narraton.
Possby t may, reped Caasrs but now, f you pease,
et Charces proceed wth hs own story, whch he thus con-
tnued :
hen arrved at my house, the chd came out to
meet me. he coud not spea to me, nowng nothng of
Gree but she sauted me wth her hand, and the sght of
her began to consoe me for my dsappontment. saw,
wth admraton, that, as a generous race of hounds fawn
upon those who notce them so she seemed to have a
strong sense of my ndness for her, and to consder me n
the ght of a father. determned to stay no onger at
Caadupa, est some envous dety shoud deprve me of
my second daughter. mbar ng, therefore, on the e,
reached the sea, got on board a shp, and arrved n
Greece. Ths chd s now wth me: have gven her my
name, and a my cares are centred n her. er mprove-
here, perhaps, some beauty es,
The cynosure of neghbourng eyes. Mton.
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T G TD Cn C .
ments e ceed my warmest wshes. he has earned my
anguage wth surprsng uc ness: she has grown up to
perfecton e a fourshng pant. er beauty s so trans-
cendent as to attract every eye upon her, both Grecan and
foregn. herever she appears n the tempe, n the
course, or n the mar et-pace she draws to her the oo s
and thoughts of a, e the mode statue of some goddess.
et, wth a ths, she s the cause of great uneasness to
me: she obstnatey refuses to marry, determnes to ead
a fe of cebacy, consecrates hersef to Dana, and spends
most of her esure hours n the chase, and wth her bow.
Ths s a severe dsappontment to me, for wshed to gve
her to my sster s son, an accompshed and gracefu young
man but my wshes are frustrated by ths preposterous
fancy of hers. ether entreates, nor promses, nor reason-
ng, can wor upon her and, what s most ve atous, she
wounds me, as they say, wth a shaft drawn from my own
bow, and empoys the eo uence whch have taught her n
magnfyng the way of fe she has chosen. he s ne -
haustbe n the prases of vrgnty paces t ne t the fe
of the gods pure, unm ed, uncorrupt. he s e uay
s fu n deprecatng ove, and enus, and marrage.
mpore your assstance n ths matter for whch reason
was gad to seze the opportunty you gave me, and have
troubed you wth a ong story. Do not desert me on ths
occason, my good Caasrs, but empoy the wsdom you are
master of, or even any charm you may now persuade her
by words, or wor upon her by ncantatons, to eave ths
unnatura course, and to fee that she s born a woman:
you can, now, do ths f you w. he s not averse to the conversaton of men she has been used to ther com-
pany from her chdhood. he ves, too, very near you,
here wthn the precncts of the tempe. Condescend,
beseech, to hear me, and grant what desre. uffer me
not to spend a meanchoy and oney od age, wthout hopes
of havng my famy contnued entreat you by poo,
and your country s gods.
was moved by hs suppcatons, Cnemon. coud
scarcey refran from tears: hs own fowed n great abun-
oa contenta Dana,
ternum teorum et vrgntats amorem
ntemerata cot. rg. n. s. 3.
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0 T D TU
dance. promsed, n short, to use my utmost s n
attemptng what he desred. e were st ta ng, when a
messenger arrved n haste, and tod us that the head of the
nanan embassy was at the door, and e tremey mpa-
tent for the prest to appear, and begn the sacred rtes.
hen n ured who the nanans were, what was
the nature of the embassy whch they had sent, and what
sacrfce he was gong to perform he tod me that the
-3 nanans were a prncpa naton of Thessay, entrey
Grecan, beng descended from Deucaon that ther
country e tended aong the Maan bay that they caed
ther metropos ypata as they woud nsnuate, because
t was ft to rue over a the ctes of the provnce as others
pretended, because t was stuated under Mount ( ta that
the embassy was sent by the nanans every fourth year,
at the tme of the Pythan games and the sacrfce offered
to eoptoemus, the son of ches, who was here surprsed
and san, at the very atar of poo, by restes the son
of gamemnon. ut the embassy of the present year w
be yet more magnfcent than any of the former ones for the
head of t prdes hmsef n beng descended from ches.
met the young man the other day, and ndeed he
seems worthy of the famy of Peeus: such s the nobe-
ness of hs stature and deportment, that you w easy
beeve hm sprung from a goddess.
hen wondered how t came to pass, that he, beng
an nanan, shoud pretend that he was of the race of
ches (for omer, our great gyptan poet ma es
ches a Phthotan), the young man, sad Cha-
rces, cams hm entrey as ther own: for Thets, he
says, certany marred Peeus out of the Maan bay
and the country whch e tended aong that bay was ancenty
caed Phtha: but the gory of the hero has nduced others
to cam hm fasey as ther countryman. e s, besdes,
n another way, reated to the acda : Mnestheus s hs
ancestor, the son of perchus and Poydora, the daughter
rura ether from vrarog, emnent, or vroTaacu, to be sub-
ected.
st um, erepte magno nfammatua amore
Con ugs, et seeerum urs agtatus, restes
scpt neautum, patras ue obtruncat ad aras.
rg. Mn. . 330.
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T G D C C . 1
of Peeus, who went wth chea to the sege of Troy
and, beng so neary connected wth hm, was among the
chef eaders of the Myrmdons.
The ambassador abounds n arguments to support the
cam of hs country to ches. e nssts much upon
ths present embassy and sacrfce to eoptoemus the
honour of performng whch, a the Thessaans have, by
common consent, yeded up to the nanans, whereby
they admt that they are most neary reated to hm.
hether ths be truth or van assumpton, sad , be
so good now, f you pease, as to ca n the ambassador,
for am e tremey desrous to see hm.
Charces mmedatey sent to hm, and the young man
entered wth an ar and aspect truy worthy of ches.
s nec straght and erect, hs har thrown bac off hs
forehead hs nose and open nostrs gvng sgns of an m-
petuous temper hs eyes of a deep bue, ncnng to bac ,
mpartng an anmated but amabe oo to hs countenance,
e the sea smoothng tsef from a storm nto a cam.
fter he had receved and returned our sautatons, he
sad t was tme to proceed to the sacrfce, that there mght
be suffcent space for the ceremones whch were to be per-
formed to the Manes of the hero, and for the processon
whch was to foow them. am ready, reped Charces,
and rsng, sad to me, f you have not yet seen Charcea,
you w see her to-day for, as a prestess of Dana, she
w be present at these rtes and the processon.
ut , Cnemon, had often seen the young woman
before had sacrfced and conversed wth her upon sacred
sub ects. owever, sad nothng of t and, watng for
what mght happen, we went together to the tempe. The
Thessaans had prepared everythng ready for the sacrfce.
e approached the atar the youth began the sacred rtes
the prest havng uttered a prayer, and from her shrne the
Pythoness pronounced ths orace:
Dephans, regard wth reverenta care,
oth hm the goddess-born, and her the far
Grace s the sound whch ushers n her name,
The syabe wherewth t ends, s ame.
T)v apv v 7rpwrof, avrap Moc varar d ovoav
4pa r0 w t 0o, rov re tag yvtr v.
01 v ov rpo rovrg bv, a vfa refovrtc,
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2 T D TU
They both my fane sha eave, and oceans past,
n regons torrd sha arrve at ast
There sha the gods reward ther pous vows,
nd snowy chapets bnd ther dus y brows.
hen they who surrounded the shrne heard ths orace,
they were perpe ed, and doubted what t shoud sgnfy.
ach nterpreted t dfferenty, as hs ncnatons and un-
derstandng ed hm: none, however, ad hod of ts true
meanng. races ndeed, and dreams, are generay to be
e paned ony by the event. nd besde, the Dephans,
struc wth the preparatons whch were ma ng for the pro-
cesson, hastened to behod t, negectng or deferrng any
farther scrutny nto the oracuar response.
.
hen the ceremony was over, and the processon had
passed by, contnued Uaasrs ut, sad Cnemon,
nterruptng hm, the ceremony s not over, ather you
have not made me a spectator of the processon, whereas
am very desrous both of hearng and seeng you treat me
e a guest who, as they say, s come a day after the feast:
why shoud you ust open the theatre, ony to cose t agan
was unwng, sad Caasrs, to detan you from
what you are most desrous to now, by a deta whch has
tte or nothng to do wth the prncpa end of my narra-
ton but snce you must be a passng spectator, and by
your fondness for shows decare yoursef to be an thenan,
w endeavour brefy to descrbe the e hbton to you
and sha do so the more wngy, on account of the conse uences whch foowed t.
ovt fy ov rpbg va vavh v,
T/ tp apvrofwv f y at ov rfyov-a
tvzov r pora uv or fpa ft avoftvuv.
hy sabe brows - avofvwv / am not obged to e pan
oraces. uch s the remar of a former transator. venture to sug-
gest that the young overs were rather sun-burnt wth traveng, upon
ther arrva n thopa and se s of my opnon, for he transates
ther tanned tempes. The frst ne seems ntended to be a pay
upon the name of Charcea, P oc have accordngy endea-
voured to convey ths n the transaton.
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T G D C C1 . 3
The processon began wth an hecatomb of vctms, ed
by some of the nferor mnsters of the tempe, rough-
oo ng men, n whte and grt-up garments. Ther rght
hands and breasts were na ed, and they bore a two-edged
a e. The o en were bac , wth moderatey arched and
brawny nec s ther horns e ua, and very tte bent some
were gt, others adorned wth fowers ther egs bent
nwards and ther deep dewaps fowng down to ther
nees ther number, n accordance wth the name, e acty
an hundred. varety of other dfferent vctms came
afterwards, each speces separate and n order, attended
wth ppes and futes, sendng forth a stran preusve of
the sacrfce: these were foowed by a troop of far and
ong-wasted Thessaan madens, wth dsheveed oc s
they were dstrbuted nto two companes the frst dvson
bore bas ets fu of fruts and fowers the second, vases of
conserves and spces, whch fed the ar wth fragrance:
they carred these on ther heads thus, ther hands beng
at berty, they oned them together, so that they coud
move aong and ead the dance. The ey-note to the
meody was sounded by the ne t dvson, who were to sng
the whoe of the hymn apponted for ths festva, whch
contaned the prases of Thets, of Peeus, and ther son,
and of eoptoemus. fter ths, Cnemon ut
Cnemon me no Cnemons, sad the atter why not recte
the hymn to me nstead of deprvng me of so much pea-
sure Ma e me, beseech you, an audtor at ths festva
as we as a spectator. ou sha be so f you desre t,
sad Caasrs the hymn, as neary as can recoect, ran
as foows:
Thets, the goden-hared, we sng.
he who from ereus erst dd sprng,
The enus of our fatherand.
To Peeus wed, at ove s command,
er of the thunderbot of war,
amed for hs beamy spear afar,
ches Greece the mother saw
edded to whom dd Pyrrha bear,
Great eoptoemus hs her,
auu,


f/o.
t Tdv erv as u, pvoa pa 0r,
ofwc a avarav va oo . pavy
Tav / oc vvar yr fafvav
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4 T D TU
f Grecan and the boast and oy,
The destned scourge of ofty Troy.
Thou who n Dephc and dost rest,
ero, by thee may we be best
ccept our strans, and oh, by thee,
May every averted be
Thets the goden-hared we sng,
he who from Peeus erst dd sprng.
The dance whch accompaned ths song was so we
adapted to t, and the cadence of ther steps agreed so e -
acty wth the meody of the stran, that for awhe, n spte
of the magnfcence of the spectace, the sense of seeng
was overpowered and suspended by that of hearng and
a who were present, attracted by the sounds, foowed
the advancng dancers. t ength a band of youths
on horsebac , wth ther spenddy dressed commander,
openng upon them, afforded a spectace far preferabe to
any sounds. Ther number was e acty ffty they dvded themseves nto fve-and-twenty on each sde guardng
ther eader, chef of the sacred embassy, who rode n
the mdst: ther bus ns, aced wth a purpe thong, were ted above ther ances ther whte garments, bordered wth
bue, were fastened by a goden casp over ther breasts.
Ther horses were Thessaan, and by ther sprt gave to en
of the open pans they came from they seemed to champ
wth dsdan the foamng bt, yet obeyed the reguatng hand
of ther rders, who appeared to ve wth each other n the
spendour of ther froutets and other trappngs, whch gt-
tered wth god and sver. ut a these, Cnemon, spendd
as they were, were uttery overoo ed, and seemed to vansh,
e other ob ects before a fash of ghtnng, at the appearance
of ther eader, my dear Theagenes, so gaant a show dd
av a oc dy aav, afrpav ap v
t v ovpfav t v r pta rro fuv,
afoc aprpo av r v ayovuv
ov a, tov coc ovpavov
Tp uro vppa r v ra a orro tuov
Tpo ro v Tpwv, pvaro v ura
coc pog a t 7rr ,
Uv d vvv ov v ofv.
s vvao o v o rwv vr ro r v
Tav arpv og aurpag 7ro of.
Tav rv uCw, pvoo pa tt.
To brs notes n cadence beatng,
Gance ther many-twn ng feet. Gray.
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T G D CU UC .
he ma e. e too was on horsebac , and n armour, wth an
ashen spear n hs hand hs head was uncovered he wore
a purpe robe, on whch was wor ed n god the story of the
Centaurs and the apthse the casp of t was of eectrum,
and represented Paas wth the Gorgon s head on her
shed. ght breath of wnd added to the grace of hs
appearance t payed upon hs har, dspersed t on hs
nec , and dvded t from hs forehead, throwng bac the
e tremtes of hs coa n easy fods on the bac and sdes of
hs horse. Tou woud say, too, that the horse hmsef was
conscous both of hs own beauty and of the beauty of hs
rder so statey dd he arch hs nec and carry hs head,
wth ears erect and fery eyes, proudy bearng a master
who was proud to be thus borne. e moved aong under a
oose ren, baancng hmsef e uay on each sde, and,
touchng the ground wth the e tremty of hs hoofs,
tempered hs pace nto amost an nsensbe moton.
very one, astonshed at the appearance of ths young
man, oned n confessng, that beauty and strength were
never before so gracefuy mnged. The women n the
streets, unabe to dsguse ther feengs, fung handfus of
frut and fowers over hm, n to en of ther admraton and
affecton: n short, there was but one opnon concernng
hm that t was mpossbe for morta form to e ce that of
Theagenes. ut now, when
osy-fnger d morn appeared, as omer says, and the beautfu and accompshed Char-
cea proceeded from the tempe of Dana, we then perceved
that even Theagenes mght be outshone but ony so far
as femae beauty s naturay more engagng and aurng
than that of men. he was borne n a charot drawn by two
whte o en she was dressed n a purpe robe embrodered
wth god, whch fowed down to her feet she had a grde
round her wast, on whch the artst had e erted a hs s :
t represented two serpents, whose tas were nteraced
rmed he rode, a save the head

e rued hs eager courser s gat
orced hm wth chastened fre to prance,
nd, hgh curvettng, sow advance.
ay of the ast Mnstre, v. 18.

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T D TU
behnd her shouders ther nec s notted beneath her
bosom and ther heads, dsentanged from the not, hung
down on ether sde as an appendage: so we were they
mtated, that you woud say they reay gded onward.
Ther aspect was not at a terrbe ther eyes swam n a
nd of angud ustre, as f beng ued to seep by the
charms of the maden s breast. They were wrought n
dar ened god, tnged wth bue, the better to represent,
by ths m ture of dar and yeow, the roughness and
gancng coour of the scaes. uch was the maden s grde.
er har was not entrey ted up, nor ute dsheveed, but
the greater part of t fowed down her nec , and wantoned
on her shouders a crown of aure confned the brght and
ruddy oc s whch adorned her forehead, and prevented the
wnd from dsturbng them too roughy she bore a gded
bow n her eft hand her uver hung at her rght shouder
n her other hand she had a ghted torch yet the ustre
of her eyes paed the brghtness of the torch.
ere are, ndeed, Theagenes and Charcea, cred out
Cnemon. here, where are they e camed Caasrs
who thought that Cnemon saw them. thn see them
now, he reped, but t s n your vey descrpton.
do not now, sad Caasrs, whether you ever saw
them such as a Greece and the sun behed them on that
day so conspcuous, so ustrous she the ob ect of wsh
to a the men, and he to a the women a thought them
e ua to the mmortas n beauty. ut the Dephans more
admred the youth, and the Thessaans the mad each
most struc wth that form whch they then saw for the
frst tme. uch s the charm of novety.
ut, Cnemon what a sweet e pectaton dd you rase
n me when you promsed to show me these whom/1 so
fondy oved and how have you deceved me Tou wnged
me wth hope to e pect that they woud presenty be here, and e acted a reward for these good tdngs but, o
evenng and nght have overta en us, and they nowhere
appear. ase up your sprts, sad Cnemon, and
have a good heart assure you they w soon arrve.
Perhaps they have met wth some mpedment by the way,
for they ntended to arrve much earer. ut woud not
shew them to you, f they were here, t you had pad me
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T G TT D C C . 7
the whoe of my reward f, therefore, you are n haste to
see them, perform your promse, and fnsh your story.
t s now, reped Caasrs, become a tte r some
to me, as t w ca up dsagreeabe remembrances and
thought, besdes, that you must by ths tme be tred wth
stenng to so tedous a tae but, snce you seem a good
stener, and fond of hearng stores worth the teng,
w resume my narraton where eft t off. ut et us
frst ght a torch, and ma e our batons to the gods who
presde over the nght so that, havng performed our
devotons, we may spend, wthout nterrupton, as much as
we pease of t n such dscourses as we e. mad, at
the od man s command, brought n a ghted taper and
he poured out a baton, cang upon a the gods, and
partcuary upon Mercury beseechng them to grant hm
peasant dreams, and that those whom he most oved mght
appear to hm n hs seep. Caasrs then proceeded n
ths manner:
fter, Cnemon, that the processon had thrce com-
passed the sepuchre of eoptoemus, and that both men
and women had rased over t ther approprate shout and
cry f on a sgna beng gven, the o en, the sheep, the goats,
were saughtered at once, as f the sacrfce had been
performed by a snge hand. eaps of wood were ped on
an mmense atar and the vctms beng paced thereon,
the prest of poo was desred to ght the pe, and begn
the baton.
t beongs, ndeed, to me, sad Charces, to ma e
the baton but et the chef of the sacred embassy receve
the torch from the hands of Dana s prestess, and ght
the pe for such has aways been our custom. avng
sad ths, he performed hs part of the ceremony, and
The ancents were very e act n performng ther devotons to
the gods of the nght, before they went to bed, or when they bro e
up an entertanment. Mercury was one of the prncpa of these
detes. omer ta es notce of ths custom:
The chefs he found and senators wthn
baton pourng to the vgant spy
Mercurus, whom wth wne they worshpp d ast
f a the gods, and at the hour of rest.
d. v. 13 . Cowper.
f o vgav v a yvva g, d a av o dv pg.
2
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8 T D TU
Theagenes receved the torch from Charcea. Prom what
now happened, my dear Cnemon, we may nfer that there
s somethng dvne n the sou, and aed to a superor
nature for ther frst gance at each other was such, as f
each of ther sous ac nowedged ts partner, and hastened
to mnge wth one whch was worthy of t.
They stood awhe, as f astonshed she sowy offerng
and he sowy recevng the torch and f ng ther eyes
on one another, for some space, they seemed rather to have
been formery ac uanted, than to have now met for the
frst tme, and to be returnng graduay nto each other s
memory. Then softy, and amost mperceptby smng,
whch the eyes, rather than the ps, betrayed, they both
bushed, as f ashamed of what they had done and agan
turned pae, the passon reachng ther hearts. n short,
a thousand shades of feeng wandered n a few moments
over ther countenances ther compe on and oo s betray-
ng n varous ways the movements of ther sous.
These emotons escaped the observaton of the crowd,
whose attenton was engaged on other thngs. They
escaped Charces too, who was empoyed n rectng the
soemn prayers and nvocatons, but they dd not escape
me, for had partcuary observed these young peope,
from the tme that the orace was gven to Theagenes n
the tempe had formed con ectures as to the future from
the auson to ther names, though coud not entrey
comprehend the atter part of the predcton.
t ength Theagenes sowy and unwngy turnng
from the maden, ghted the pe, and the soemn ceremony
ended. The Thessaans betoo themseves to an enter-
tanment, and the rest of the peope dspersed to ther own
habtatons. Charcea puttng on a whte robe, retred
wth a few of her companons to her apartment, whch was
wthn the precncts of the tempe or she dd not ve
wth her supposed father, but dwet apart for the better
performance of the tempe servces.
t s the secret sympathy,
The sver n , the s en te,
hch heart to heart and mnd to mnd
n body and n sou can bnd.
ay of the ast Mnstre, v. 14.
f Ths ncdent forms the sub ect of a pantng by aphae.
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T G UD C C .
endered curous by what had heard and seen,
sought an opportunty of meetng Charces. s soon as
he saw me, he cred out, e, have you seen Charcea,
the ght of my eyes, and of Deph have, reped,
but not now for the frst tme have fre uenty before
seen her n the tempe, and that not n a cursory manner.
have often sacrfced wth her, and conversed wth and
nstructed her, on varous sub ects, dvne and human.
ut what dd you thn of her to-day, my good frend
Dd she not add some ornament to the processon
ome ornament, do you say you mght as we as me
whether the moon outshnes the stars. ut some prase
the Thracan youth, and gve hm at east the second pace
to her. The second, f you w, and the thrd but a
aow that your daughter was the crown and sun of the
ceremona. Charces was deghted wth ths, and smng
sad, am ust gong to see her. , too, was peased, for
my vew was to nspre hm wth content and confdence.
f you w, he added, we w go together, and see
whether she s the worse for the fatgues she has under-
gone. gady consented, but pretended went to obge
hm and that gave up other busness of my own.
hen we arrved at her apartment, we found her
yng uneasy upon her couch, her eyes metng wth
anguor and passon.f avng as usua sauted her father,
he as ed what was the matter wth her he companed
that her head ached and sad that she wshed to ta e a
tte rest. Charces, aarmed, went out of the chamber,
orderng her mads to eep every thng uet about her
and, turnng to me, hat anguor, sad he, my good
Caasrs, can ths be, whch seems to oppress my daughter
onder not, reped, f, n such an assemby of
peope, some envous eye has oo ed upon her. nd do
you, too, he returned, smng roncay, thn , wth the
mcat nter omnea
veut nter gnea
una mnores. or. . d. . 47.
Toc 0a ovg pwr aPpo ovg.
t ducs puer ebrot oceos
o purpureo ore auavata. Catuus, o. 42.
eaco ua teneros oou ub rah faacnat agnos. rg. c. .
Theocrtus ( d. v. 3 ,) audes to the method of avertng fascnaton:
g fr faa av u , rpg tff fbv rrvoa o rov.
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70 T D TU
vugar, that there s any thng n fascnaton ndeed
do, sad and thus account for ts effects: ths ar
whch surrounds us, whch we ta e n wth our breath,
receve at our eyes and nostrs, and whch penetrates nto
a our pores, brngs wth t those uates wth whch, t s
mpregnated and, accordng to ther dfferent natures, we
are dfferenty affected. hen any one oo s at what s
e ceent, wth an envous eye, he fs the surroundng
atmosphere wth a perncous uaty, and transmts hs
own envenomed e haatons nto whatever s nearest to
hm. They, as they are thn and subte, penetrate even
nto the bones and marrow and thus envy has become the
eause of a dsorder to many, whch has obtaned the name
of fascnaton.
Consder besdes, Charces, how many have been
nfected wth nfammaton of the eyes, and wth other
contagous dstempers, wthout ever touchng, ether at bed
or board, those who aboured under them, but soey by
breathng the same ar wth them. The brth of ove
affords another proof of what am e panng, whch, by
the eyes aone, fnds a passage to the sou and t s not
dffcut to assgn the reason for as, of a the nets to
our senses, the sght s the most uc and fery, and most
varous n ts motons ths anmated facuty most easy
receves the nfuences whch surround t, and attracts to
tsef the emanatons of ove.
f you wsh for an e ampe from natura hstory, here
s one ta en out of our sacred boo s. The brd Charadrust
cures those who are affcted wth the aundce. f t per-
ceves, at a dstance, any one comng towards t, who
abours under ths dstemper, t mmedatey runs away,
and shuts ts eyes not out of an envous refusa of ts
assstance, as some suppose, but because t nows, by
nstnct, that, on the vew of the affcted person, the
dsorder w pass from hm to tsef, and therefore t s
soctous to avod encounterng hs eyes. Tou have heard,
perhaps, of the bass , whch, wth ts breath and aspect
passage ustratve of ths occurs n ches Tatus, . . :
a ot b vnpov TTp g u (3 ov t tea fa rwv 00a /wv uc. Tt v
1P arappu o a f g yap tpwrucf rpdvfdrt,
upposed to be the apwng or curew.
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T G D C . 71
aone, parches up and nfects everythng around t. or
s t to be wondered at, f some fascnate those whom they
ove and wsh we to for they who are naturay envous
do not aways act as they woud wsh, but as ther nature
compes them to do. ere Charces, after a pause, sad,
ou seem to have gven a very reasonabe account of ths
matter and as you appear to admt that there are varous
nds of fascnaton, wsh hers may be that of ove
shoud then thn that she was restored to heath, rather
than that she was dsordered. Tou now have often
besought your assstance n ths matter. shoud re oce
rather than greve, f ths were the affecton she abours
under, she who has so ong set at nought enus and a
her charms. ut, doubt, t s the more common sort of
fascnaton, that of an ev eye, whch affcts her. Ths
your wsdom w certany enabe you to cure, and your
frendshp to us w ncne you to attempt t. promsed
to do a n my power to reeve her, shoud ths be the
case and we were st ta ng, when a man arrves n
haste, and cas out ne woud magne, my good frends,
that you were nvted to a fray nstead of a feast, you are
so tardy n comng up and yet t s the e ceent Theagenes
who prepares t for you and eoptoemus, the frst of
heroes, who presdes at t. Come away, for shame, and do
not ma e us wat for you unt evenng. obody s absent
but yourseves.
Ths, whspers Charces, s but a rough nvter
the gfts of acchus have not mended hs manners. ut
et us go, est he come from words to bows. smed at
hs peasantry, and sad was ready to attend hm. hen
we entered, Theagenes paced Charces ne t to hmsef
and pad some attenton to me, out of respect to hm. ut
why shoud fatgue you wth a deta of the entertan-
ments the dancng and sngng grs, the youths n armour,
who moved n Pyrrhc measures the varety of dshes wth
whch Theagenes had dec ed hs tabe, n order to ma e
the feast more ova ut what foows s necessary for
you to hear, and peasant for me to reate. ur entertaner
endeavoured to preserve a cheerfu countenance, and forced
hmsef to behave wth ease and poteness to hs company
T y arb v ov o.v u ppwv.
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72 T D TU
but perceved pany what he suffered wthn hs eyes
wandered, and he sghed nvountary. ow he woud be
meanchoy and thoughtfu then on a sudden, recoectng
hmsef, hs oo s brghtened, and he put on a forced cheer-
funess. n short, t s not easy to descrbe the changes
he underwent for the mnd of a over, e that of one
overcome wth wne, cannot ong reman n the same
stuaton, both ther sous fuctuatng wth wea and un-
steady passon. or whch reason a over s dsposed to
drn and he who has drun s ncned to ove.
t ength, from hs yawnng, hs sghs, and hs an ety,
the rest of the company begun to perceve that he was
ndsposed so that even Charces, who had not htherto
observed hs uneasness, whspered me, fancy an envous
eye has oo ed upon hm aso he seems to be affected
much n the same manner as Charcea. ndeed, thn
so, too, reped and t s probabe enough, for ne t after
her n the processon, as beng most conspcuous, he was
most e posed to envy.
ut now the cups were carred round and Theagenes,
out of compasance rather than ncnaton, dran to every
body. hen t came to me, sad was obged to hm
for the compment, but must beg to be e cused tastng of
the cup. e oo ed dspeased and angry, as f he thought
hmsef affronted when Charces e paned the matter,
and tod hm was an gyptan, an nhabtant of Memphs,
and a prest of ss, and conse uenty abstaned from wne
and a anma food. Theagenes seemed fed wth a sudden
peasure when he heard that was an gyptan and a
prest and rasng hmsef up, as f he had suddeny found
a treasure, he caed for water, and drn ng to me, sad,
sage, receve from me ths mar of good-w, n the
beverage whch s most agreeabe to you and et ths tabe
concude a soemn treaty of frendshp between us.
th a my heart, reped, most e ceent Theagenes
1 have aready conceved a frendshp for you and ta ng
the cup, dran and wth ths the company bro e up, and
dspersed to ther severa habtatons Theagenes embracng
me at partng wth the warmth and affecton of an od frend.
hen retred to my chamber, coud not seep the
4f av fv t) rpcnrt a a rv a o).
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T G D C C . 73
frst part of the nght. My thoughts contnuay ran upon
these young peope, and upon the concuson of the orace,
and endeavoured to penetrate nto ts meanng. ut,
towards the mdde of the nght, methought saw poo
and Dana advancng towards me (f t were ndeed ony
magnaton, and not a reaty): one ed Theagenes, the
other Charcea. They seemed to dever them nto my
hands and the goddess cang me by my name, thus
addressed me:
t s tme for you now to return to your country, for
such s the decree of fate. Depart therefore yoursef, and ta e
these under your protecton ma e them the companons
of your ourney treat them as your chdren and carry
them from gypt, where and howsoever t sha pease
the gods to ordan. avng sad ths, they dsappeared,
sgnfyng frst that ths was a vson, and not a common
dream.
understood pany the commands they gave me
e cept that doubted what and t was, to whch was at
ast to conduct these persons. f you found ths out
afterwards, ather, sad Cnemon, you w nform me at a
proper season n the mean tme te me n what manner
they sgnfed, as you sad, that ths was not a common
dream, but a rea appearance. n the same manner,
my son, as the wse omer ntmates though many do not
perceve the hdden sense that s contaned n these nes:
va yp fromu t ro wv ) t vr pawv
Pt , yvwv aTtwvro , apyvwro rt to rp.
s they departed, ther egs and feet
To gde dd see the gods are nown wth ease.
must confess, sad Cnemon, that am one of the
many, and perhaps you magned so when you uoted these
verses. have understood the common sense of the words,
ever snce frst read them, but cannot penetrate any hdden
theoogca meanng that may be couched under them.
Caasrs consderng a tte, and appyng hs mnd to the
e panaton of ths mystery, reped:
M uvap a vrap.
ad. . 71. eodorus, says the pont edtor, evdenty
ntended the ne n omer to be read Pv yvuv amovrog
nstead of Pt
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74 T D TU
The gods, Cnemon, when they appear to, or dsappear
from us, generay do t under a human shape sedom
under that of any other anma perhaps, n order that
ther appearance may have more the sembance of reaty.
They may not be manfest to the profane, but cannot be
conceaed from the sage. Tou may now them by ther
eyes they oo on you wth a f ed gaze, never wn ng
wth ther eye-ds st more by ther moton, whch s
a nd of gdng, an aera mpuse, wthout movement of
the feet, ceavng rather than traversng the ar: for whch
reason the mages of the gyptan gods have ther feet
oned together, and n a manner unted. herefore
omer, beng an gyptan, and nstructed n ther sacred
doctrnes, coverty nsnuated ths matter n hs verses,
eavng t to be understood by the ntegent. e mentons
Paas n ths manner:
..... etvw f ot offfff tf aav ev,
erce gared her eyes.
and eptune n the nes uoted before Pe c vwv
as f gdng n hs gat for so s the verse to be construed
pev tMrovos gdng away not, as some erroneousy
thn , pet eryvuv, easy new hm.
Tou have ntated me nto ths mystery, reped
Cnemon but how come you to ca omer an gyptan
t s the frst tme ever heard hm caed so. w not
nsst that he s not your countryman but shoud be
e ceedngy gad to hear your reasons for camng hm as
such. Ths s not e acty the tme, sad Caasrs, for
such a dscusson however, as you desre t, w shorty
menton the grounds upon whch go.
Dfferent authors have ascrbed to omer dfferent
countres ndeed the country of a wse man t s n every
and but he was, n fact, an gyptan, of the cty of
Thebes, as you may earn from hmsef. s supposed
father was a prest there hs rea one, Mercury. or the
wfe of the prest whose son he was ta en to be, whe she
was ceebratng some sacred mysteres, sept n the tempe.
Mercury en oyed her company and mpregnated her wth
omer and he bore to hs dyng day a mar of hs spu-
era nceseu patut Dea. rg. Ma, . 40 .
gn stanza a vaent uomo e patra. Guarn, Pastor do.
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T G T D C C . 7
rous orgn. rom Thebes he wandered nto varous coun-
tres, and partcuary nto Greece sngng hs verses, and
obtanng the name he bore. e never tod hs rea one, nor
hs country, nor famy but those who new of ths mar
upon hs body, too occason from t to gve hm the name
of omer for, mmedatey from hs brth, a profuson of
har appeared upon both hs thghs.
n what account, my father, dd he concea the pace of
hs brth Possby he was unwng to appear a fug-
tve for he was drven out by hs father, and not admtted
among the sacred youths, on account of the pecuar mar
he bore on hs body, ndcatng hs spurous orgn. r,
perhaps, he had a wse desgn n eepng the rea spot of hs
natvty a secret, as by so dong he mght cam every and
he passed through as hs fatherand. cannot hep,
sad Cnemon, beng haf persuaded of the truth of ths
account you gve of omer. s poems breathe a the
softness and u urance of gypt and from ther e ce-
ency, bespea somethng of a dvne orgna n ther
author.
ut after that, by omer s assstance, you had ds-
covered the true nature of these detes, what happened
Much the same as before: watchngs, thoughts, and
cares, whch nght and dar ness noursh. was gad that
had dscovered somethng, whch had n van attempted to
e pan before and re oced at the near prospect of my
return to my country. ut was greved to thn that
Charces was to be deprved of hs daughter. was n
great doubt n what manner the young peope were to be
ta en away together how to prepare for ther fght how
to do t prvatey, whther to drect t and whether
by and or by sea. n short, was overwhemed wth
a sea of troubes t and spent the remander of the nght
restess, and wthout seep. ut the day scarce began to
dawn, when heard a noc ng at the gate of my court, and somebody cang my servant.
The boy as ed who t was that noc ed, and what he
poc / poc n Gree sgnfes a thgb. or the varous
accounts respectng omer, and the orgn of hs name, see p. of
Coerdge s ntrod. to the Cassc Poets.
f tuv povraparav. r to ta e arms aganst a sea of
troubes. ha speare.
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7 T D TU
wanted. The person reped, that he was Theagenes the
Thessaan. was very gad to hear ths, and ordered hm
to be ntroduced thn ng ths an e ceent opportunty to
ay some foundaton for the desgn medtated. supposed
that, havng dscovered at the entertanment that was
an gyptan, and a prest, he came to as my advce and
assstance n the attachment whch now nfuenced hm.
e thought, perhaps, as many wrongy do, that the scence
of the gyptans was ony of one sort. ut there s one
branch n the hands of the common mass, as may say,
crawng on the ground bused n the servce of dos, and
the care of dead bodes porng over herbs, and murmurng
ncantatons nether tsef amng, nor eadng those who
appy to t to am, at any good end and most fre uenty
fang n what t professes to effect. ometmes succeedng
n matters of a goomy and despcabe nature showng
magnary vsons as though rea encouragng wc edness
and mnsterng to awess peasures. ut the other branch
of gyptan scence, my son, s the true wsdom of whch
that whch have ust mentoned s the base-born offsprng.
Ths s that n whch our prests and seers are from ther
youth ntated. Ths s of a far more e ceent nature
oo s to heaveny thngs, and converses wth the gods
n ures nto the motons of the stars, and gans an nsght
nto futurty far removed from ev and earthy matters,
and turnng a ts vews to what s honourabe and benefca
to man nd. t was ths whch prompted me to retre a
whe from my country to avod, f possbe, the s whch
t enabed me to foresee, and the dscord whch was to arse
between my chdren. ut these events must be eft to the
gods, and the fates, who have power ether to accompsh or
to hnder them and who, perhaps, ordaned my fght, n
order that mght meet wth Charcea. w now proceed
wth my narraton.
Theagenes entered my apartment and, after had
receved and returned hs saute, paced hm near me on
the bed, and as ed what was the occason of so eary a vst.
e stro ed hs face, and, after a ong pause, sad: am
n the greatest perpe ty, and yet bush to dscose the
cause of t: and here he stopped. saw that ths was the
tme for dssmuaton, and for pretendng to dscover what
aready new. oo ng therefore archy upon hm,
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T G D C . 77
sad, Though you seem unwng to spea out, yet nothng
escapes my nowedge, wth the assstance of the gods.
th ths rased mysef a tte, countng over certan
numbers upon my fngers, (whch n reaty meant nothng)
sha ng my oc s, e one moreover under a sudden nfu-
ence of the dvnty, cred out, My son, you are n ove.
e started at ths but, when added and wth Cha-
rcea, he thought was reay dvney nspred and was
ready to fa at my feet, and worshp me. hen pre-
vented ths, he ssed my head, and gave than s to the gods
that he had reay found my nowedge as great as he
e pected. e besought me to be hs preserver for, uness
preserved by my assstance, and that uc y, he was undone,
so voent a passon had sezed upon hm desre so con-
sumed hm hm, who now frst new what t was to ove.
e swore to me, wth many protestatons, that he never
had en oyed the company of women that he had aways
re ected them and professed hmsef an enemy to mar-
rage, and a rebe to enus, unt subdued by the charms of
Charcea that ths dd not arse from any forced tem-
perance, or natura codness of consttuton but he had
never before seen a woman whom he thought worthy of hs
ove and havng sad ths, he wept, as f ndgnant at beng
subdued by a wea gr. rased hm, comforted, and bade
hm be of good cheer for, snce he had apped to me, he
shoud fnd that her coyness woud yed to my art. new
that she was haughty, protestng aganst ove, so as not to
bear even the name of enus or wedoc but woud
eave no stone unturned to serve hm. rt, sad , can
outdo even nature: ony be not cast down, but act as
sha drect you.
e promsed that he woud obey me n every thng
even f shoud order hm to go through fre and sword.
he he was thus eager n protestatons, and profuse n hs
promses of ayng at my feet a he was worth, a messenger
came from Charces, sayng that hs master desred me to
come to hm that he was near, n the tempe of poo,
where he was chantng a hymn to appease the dety havng
been much dsturbed n the nght by a dream.
arose mmedatey, and dsmssng Theagenes, hastened
to the tempe where found Charces recnng sorrow-
r t , fut, rb obv apa. oph. ( d. Co. 1131.
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78 T D TU
fuy upon a seat, and sghng deepy. approached hm,
and n ured why he was so meanchoy and cast down.
ow can be otherwse, he reped, when have been
terrfed by dreams and hear too, ths mornng, that my
daughter st contnues ndsposed, and has passed a seep-
ess nght. am the more concerned at ths, not ony on
her own account, but aso because to-morrow s the day
apponted for the dspay of those who run n armour at
whch ceremony the prestess of Dana s to presde, and
hod up a torch. ther, therefore, the festva w ose
much of ts accustomed spendour by her absence or f
she comes aganst her w, she may ncrease her ness.
herefore et me now beseech you, by our frendshp, and
by the god at whose atar we are, to come to her assstance,
and thn of some remedy. now you can easy, f you
pease, cure ths fascnaton, f such t be the prests of
gypt can do far greater thngs than these.
confessed that had been neggent (the better to
carry on the decepton) and re uested a day s tme to
prepare some medcnes, whch thought necessary for her
cure. et us now, however, contnued, ma e her a vst
consder more accuratey the nature of her compant and,
f possbe, admnster to her some consoaton. t the
same tme, Charces, beg you w say a few words to her
concernng me nspre her wth regard for my person, and
confdence n my s , that so the cure may proceed the
better. e promsed that he woud do so and we went toge-
ther. ut why say much of the stuaton n whch we found
the uc ess Charcea he was entrey prostrated by her
passon the boom was fown from her chee s and tears
fowng e water had e tngushed the ustre of her eyes.
he endeavoured, however to compose hersef, when she
saw us and to resume- her usua voce and countenance.
Charces embraced, ssed and soothed her. My dear
daughter, he cred, why w you hde your sufferngs
from your father and whe you abour under a fasc-
naton, you are sent as f you were the n urer, nstead
of beng the n ured party: an ev eye has certany oo ed
upon you. ut be of good cheer: here s the wse Caa-
f one of whom Pndar says
w o ot r a v oveav ytyavv. Pyth. . 1.
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T G D C . 7
srs, who has promsed to attempt your cure and he, f
any one s abe, can effect t for he has been bred up from
hs youth n the study of thngs dvne, and s hmsef a
prest and what s more than a, he s my dearest frend.
esgn yoursef up, therefore, entrey to hs management
suffer hm to treat you as he peases, ether by ncantatons
or any other method you have, now, no averson to the
company and conversaton of the wse.
Charcea motoned her consent, as though not ds-
peased at the proposa and we then too our eave Char-
ces puttng me n mnd of what he had frst recommended to
my an ous care beseechng me, f possbe, to nspre hs
daughter wth an ncnaton for ove and marrage. sent
hm away n good sprts: assurng hm that woud shorty
brng about what he seemed to have so much at heart.
.
The ensung day ended the Pythan games but not the
confct of the youthfu par ove was the arbter, and n
the persons of these hs combatants, determned to e hbt
hs mghtest contest. Towards the end of the ceremony,
when a Greece was oo ng on, and the mphctyons sat
as udges when the races, the wrestngs, and the bo ng
matches were over a herad came forward, and made pro-
camaton for the men n armour to appear. t that nstant
the prestess Charcea shone out e some far star at the
end of the course for she had prevaed wth hersef, how-
ever unft, to come forth, that she mght compy wth the
custom of her country: and perhaps not wthout a secret
hope of seeng Theagenes. he bore a torch n her eft
hand, and a branch of pam n her rght. t her appear-
ance every eye n the assemby was turned upon her, but
none sooner than that of Theagenes for what s so uc
as the gance of a over e, who perhaps had heard that
t was probabe she mght come, had hs whoe mnd ntent
upon that e pectaton and, when she appeared, was not
abe to contan hmsef but sad softy to me, who sat ne t
to hm, Ts she hersef ts Charcea bd hm be
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80 T D TU
sent, and compose hmsef. nd now, at the summons of
the herad, a warror stood forth spenddy armed, of nobe
ar, and dstngushed appearance who had formery been
vctor n many contests, but at ths meetng had not en-
gaged n any, probaby because he coud not fnd a compe-
ttor and none now appearng to oppose hm, the mphyc-
tyons ordered hm to retre, the aw not permttng any one
to be crowned who had not contended. e begged the
herad mght be suffered agan to ma e procamaton, whch
he dd, cang upon some one to enter the sts.
Theagenes sad to me, Ths man cas upon me.
ow so sad , e does ndeed, he reped for no
other, whe am present and behod t, sha receve a
crown from the hands of Charcea. ut do you not con-
sder the dsgrace, f you shoud fa of success
any one outrun me n speed and n desre to see and be
near Charcea To whom w the sght of her add
swfter wngs and more mpetuous speed ou now that
the panters ma e ove wnged, sgnfyng thereby how rapd
are the motons of hs captves and, were ncned to
boast, coud say that no one htherto has been abe to
e ce me n swftness. nd mmedatey he sprang up,
came forward, gave n hs name and famy, and too hs
aotted pace.
e stood there n compete armour, e pectng wth
trembng eagerness the sgna of the trumpet, and scarce
abe to wat for t. t was a nobe and a-engrossng spec-
tace, as when omert descrbes ches contendng on
the ban s of camander. The whoe assemby was moved
at hs une pected appearance, and fet as much nterested
n hs success as they woud have done for ther own such power has beauty to concate the mnds of men. ut Cha-
rcea was affected more than a: watched her counte-
nance, and saw the changes of t. nd when the herad
procamed the names of the racers rmenus the rca-
dan, and Theagenes the Thessaan when they sprang
forward from the goa, and ran together wth a swftness
t woud seem that Charcea stood wth her pam and torch at
the end of the course the contenders were to ta e.
ad, . s .
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T G D C C . 81
amost too rapd for the eye to foow then the maden
was unabe to contan hersef her mbs trembed, and her
feet uvered, as f they coud assst the course of her over,
on whom her whoe sou was ntent. The spectators were
on the very tptoe of e pectaton, and fu of soctude for
the ssue and more than a, who had now determned to
regard Theagenes as my own son.
o wonder, sad Cnemon, that those present were n
an agony of e pectaton when , even now, am trembng
for Theagenes. Dever me, therefore, beseech you, as
soon as you can, out of my suspense.
hen they had not fnshed more than haf ther
course, contnued Caasrs, Theagenes turnng a tte,
and castng a stern gance at rmenus, fted up hs shed
on hgh, and stretchng out hs nec , and f ng hs eyes
ntenty on Charcea, few e an arrow to the goa, eavng
the rcadan far behnd hm. hen he reached the maden,
he fe upon her bosom not, magne, wthout desgn,
but n appearance as f unabe to chec on a sudden the
rapdty of hs pace. hen he too the pam from her
hand, observed he ssed t.
Tou have reeved my mnd, sad Cnemon re oce
that he has both obtaned the vctory, and ssed hs ms-
tress. ut what happened afterwards Tou are not
ony nsatabe of hearng, Cnemon, but nvncbe by seep
a great part of the nght s now spent, and you are st
wa efu, st attentve to my tedous story. am at
feud wth omer, father, for sayng that ove, as we as
everythng ese, brngs satety n the end for my part
am never tred ether of feeng t mysef, or hearng of ts
nfuence on others and ves there the man of so ron and
adamantne an heart, as not to be enchanted wth sten-
ng to the oves of Theagenes and Charcea, though the
story were to ast a year Go on, therefore, beseech
you.
Theagenes, contnued Caasrs, was crowned, pro-
camed vctor, and conducted home wth unversa appause.
ut Charcea was uttery van ushed the second sght of
Theagenes f ed deep that ove whch the frst had nspred
. 3 .
peasures breed satety, sweet seep,
oft daance, musc, and the gratefu dance. Cowper.
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82 T D TU
for the mutua oo s of overs revve and redoube ther
passon sght nfames the magnaton, as fue ncreases
fre. he went home, and spent a nght as bad or worse
than the former one. , too, was seepess as before, rum-
natng how shoud concea our fght, and nto what
country t was the ntenton of the gods that shoud con-
duct my young companons. con ectured, from the words
of the orace, that t was to be by sea:
and oceans past,
n regons torrd sha arrve at ast
but coud thn ony of one method to obtan some nfor-
maton whther ought to ta e them and that was, f
coud gan a sght of the fet whch was e posed wth Cha-
rcea on whch, as Charces sad, some partcuars reatng
to her were wrtten. t was probabe that mght earn
from thence the names of her parents, and of her country,
whch aready guessed at and t was thther, most ey,
that the fates woud drect her course. went, therefore,
n the mornng, to the apartment of Charcea found a
her servants n tears, and Charces n the deepest dstress.
n ured nto the cause of ths agtaton.
My daughter s maady, he reped, ncreases vsby
she has passed a wretched nght, worse than the precedng
one. T pon ths desred that he, and a who were pre-
sent, woud eave the room and that some one woud pro-
cure for me a trpod, aure, fre, and fran ncense and
that no one woud dsturb me t shoud ca for them.
Charces ordered everythng to be dsposed as desred.
hen was eft at berty, began a nd of scenca repre-
sentaton burnt my ncense, muttered a few prayers,
and wth the branch of aure stro ed Charcea severa
tmes from head to foot. t ast, after havng payed a
hundred fooeres wth mysef and the maden, began
yawnng, grew tred of the mummery, and ceased. he
smed, shoo her head, and sgnfed that was n an error,
and had entrey msta en the nature of her dsorder.
approached nearer to her, and bd her be of good cheer, for
her maady was by no means uncommon or dffcut of cure
that she was undoubtedy fascnated, perhaps when she
was present at the processon, but most probaby when she
presded at the race that suspected who had fascnated
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T G D C C . 3
her that my suspcons fe upon Theagenes, who ran the
armour race for had observed wth what an ntent and
ardent eye he gazed upon her.
hether he oo ed at me or not, she reped, say no
more of hm yet te me who s he, and whence does he
come saw many admrng hm. tod her that she
had aready heard from the herad that he was a Thessaan
that he hmsef camed to be of the famy of ches
and, thought, not wthout great appearance of truth: for
hs beauty and stature bespo e hm a descendant from that
hero. Tet he was not, e hm, nsoent or arrogant, but
possessed an eevated mnd, tempered wth sweetness and
though he has an ev eye, and has fascnated you, he suffers
worse torments than he has nfcted.
ather, sad she, am obged to you for the com-
passon you e press for me but do not wsh to one who
perhaps has not commtted any wrong. My maady s not
fascnaton, but, thn , of another nd. hy do you
concea t then, my daughter, and not te t freey, that
you may meet wth some reef Consder me as a father
to you, n age at east, and more n good-w. m not
we nown to, and the ntmate frend of, Charces Te
me the cause of your dsorder: put confdence n me
swear w not betray t. pea freey, and do not ncrease
your sufferngs by conceang them: there s no dsease,
whch when easy nown, s not easy cured but that
whch s become nveterate by tme s amost ncurabe
sence nourshes angush what s dscosed admts of con-
soaton and reef. fter a pause, n whch her counte-
nance betrayed the varous agtatons of her mnd, she sad,
uffer me to contnue sent to-day, w be more e pct
hereafter f the art of dvnaton, n whch you are s ed,
has not aready dscovered to you a have to te you.
Upon ths arose and too my eave, hntng to the
maden the necessty of overcomng her modesty and re-
serve. Charces met me. hat have you to te me
sad he. good news, reped. To-morrow your
daughter sha be cured of her compant, and somethng
- onoratum s forte repons chem,
mpger, racuudus, ne orabs, acer,
ura neget sb nata, nh non arroget arms. or. . P. 121.
g2
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84 T D TT
ese sha happen whch you greaty desre n the mean-
tme, however, t may not be amss to send for a physcan:
and havng sad ths, retred, that he mght as me no
more uestons.
had not gone far, when saw Theagenes wanderng
about the precncts of the tempe, ta ng to hmsef, and
seemng satsfed f he coud ony see the pace where
Charcea dwet. Turnng asde, passed by as f had not
observed hm but he cred out, Caasrs, re oce to see
you sten to me have been ong watng for you.
turned suddeny. My handsome Theagenes, sad ,
dd not observe you. ow can he be handsome, he
reped, who cannot pease Charcea pretended to
be angry. you not cease, sad, to dshonour
me and my art, whch has aready wor ed upon her, and
compeed her to ove you and she now desres, above a
thngs, to see you. To see me he e camed what s
t you te me why do not you nstanty ead me to her:
and mmedatey he began advancng. caught hod of
hs robe: od, cred, however famous you are for speed,
ths s not a busness to be ventured upon n haste t re-
ures consderaton and management, and many prepara-
tons, n order to ensure success and safety. Tou must not
thn to bear off by force so rch a prze. Do not you now
that her father s one of the prncpa men of Deph and
that such an attempt woud here ncur a capta punsh-
ment regard not death, he reped, f can
possess Charcea however, f you thn t better, et us
as her n marrage of her father. am not unworthy of
hs aance. e shoud not obtan her, answered
not that there can be any ob ecton to you, but Charces
has ong ago promsed her to hs sster s son. e
sha have no reason to re oce n hs good fortune, sad
Theagenes. o one, whe am ave, sha ma e Charcea
hs brde my hand and sword have not yet so far forgot
ther offce. Moderate your passon, reped there
s no occason for your sword ony be guded by me, and
do as sha drect you. t present retre, and avod beng
seen often n pubc wth me but vst me sometmes,
uety and n prvate. e went away ute cast down.
n the morrow Charces met me: as soon as he saw
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T G D C C . 8
me he ran up to me, and repeatedy ssed my head, cryng
out, ow great s the force of wsdom and frendshp
Tou have accompshed the great wor . The mpregnabe
s ta en. The nvncbe s van ushed. Charcea s n
ove
t ths began to arch my eyebrows: put on a con-
se uenta ar, and proudy paced the room. o marve,
sad , that she has not been abe to resst even the frst
appcaton of my spes, and yet have htherto empoyed
ony some of the wea est of them. ut how came you
ac uanted wth what you are re ocng at ccordng
to your advce, sad he, sent for some physcans of
whom had a hgh opnon. too them to vst my
daughter, promsng them arge fees f they coud afford her
any reef. s soon as they entered her apartment they
n ured nto the cause of her compant. he turned from
them, made no repy to ther n ures, and ept repeatng a
verse from omer, the sense of whch s,
ches, Peeus son, thou fower of Gree s.
t ength the sagacous cestnus (perhaps you now hm)
sezed her unwng hand, hopng to dscover by her puse
the movements of her heart. e fet t, and, after some
consderaton, sad, Charces, t s n van you ca upon
us for assstance the eech s art can here be of no use.
My God, cred , what s t you say My daughter s
dyng, and you gve me no hope. Compose yoursef,
he reped, and attend to me and ta ng me asde he
thus addressed me:
ur art professes to hea ony the dsorders of the body,
not those of the mnd, e cept ony when the mnd suffers
wth the affcted body when one s cured the other s
reeved. Tour daughter certany abours under a maady,
but t s not a corporea one. he has no redundant
humours, no head-ache, no fever, no dstemper whch has ts
orgn n the body ths can venture to pronounce.
besought hm, f he new what reay aed her, that he
woud te me. t ast he sad, Does she not now hersef
that the maady s a menta one that t s, n one word,
ove Do you not see how her sweed eyes, her unsetted
. v. 21.
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8 T D TU
oo , her pae countenance, betray the wounded heart
er thoughts wander, her dscourse s unconnected, she
gets no seep, and vsby fas away some reef must be
sought for, but he aone for whom she pnes can, thu ,
afford t. avng so sad, he too hs eave. hastened
to you, as to a god and preserver, who aone have t n your
power, as both and my daughter ac nowedge, to do us
good. or when was pressng her, n the most affec-
tonate manner, to dscover to me the cause of her com-
pant, she answered that she new not what was the matter
wth her ths ony she new, that Caasrs aone coud
hea her, and besought me to ca you to her from whch
perceve that she has the greatest opnon of, and confdence
n, your wsdom.
nce you have found out that she s n ove, reped,
can you con ecture wth whom o, by poo, sad
he how shoud dscover that wsh wth a my
heart t may be wth camenes, my sster s son. have
ong destned hm for her spouse, f my wshes can have
weght wth her. tod hm t was easy to ma e the
e perment, by brngng the young man nto her presence.
e seemed to approve of ths and went away.
oon after met hm n the mar et-pace. have
very dsagreeabe news, sad he, my daughter s certany
possessed, she behaves n so strange a manner. ntro-
duced camenes to her, as you desred and he had ta en
care about hs persona appearance, but she, as f she had
seen the Gorgon s head, or anythng more frghtfu, gave a
percng shre , turned her face asde, and, graspng her
nec wth both her hands, protested that she woud strange
hersef, f we dd not nstanty eave the room. Ths, you
may magne, we hastened to do upon seeng such mon-
strousy strange conduct. nd we agan entreat you to
save her fe, and to fuf, f possbe, our wshes.
0 Charces, reped, you were not msta en n
sayng your daughter was possessed. he s, ndeed, beset
by those powers whch was obged to empoy aganst her.
They are very potent, and are compeng her to that from
whch her nature and consttuton s averse. ut t seems
to me that some opposng dety counteracts my measures,
and s fghtng aganst my mnsters wherefore t s neces-
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T G D C C . 87
sary that shoud see the fet whch you tod me was e -
posed wth your daughter, and whch you had preserved
wth the other to ens: fear t may contan some wtcheres
and magc whch wor upon her mnd, the contrvance of
an enemy, who wshes her to contnue a her fe snge,
chdess, and averse to ove. Charces assented to what
sad, and presenty brought me the fet. begged and
obtaned tme to consder t. too t eagery wth me to
my apartment, and began mmedatey to read what was
wrtten on t. The characters were thopan not the
common ones, but such as those of roya brth ma e use of,
whch are the same as the sacred wrtngs of the gyptans
and ths was the tenor of the nscrpton :
Persna, ueen of thopa, nscrbes ths, her ament,
as a ast gft to an unfortunate daughter, who has not yet
obtaned a name, and s nown to her ony by the pangs she
cost.
shuddered, Cnemon, when read the name of Persna
however, read on as foows:
ca the un to wtness, the author of my race, that
do not e pose you, my chd, and wthdraw you from the
sght of your father ydaspes, on account of any crme of
mne. et woud wngy e cuse mysef to you, f you
shoud happen to survve, and to hm who sha ta e you up,
f proptous provdence vouchsafes to send you a preserver,
and reate to the word the cause of my e posng you.
f the gods we count the un and acchus among our
ancestors of the heroes, Perseus, ndromeda, and Memnon.
ur ngs, at varous tmes, have adorned the roya apart-
ments wth pctures of them and ther e pots some
ornamented the portcoes and men s apartments: our
bed-chamber was panted wth the story of Perseus and
ndromeda. There, n the tenth year after our marrage,
when as yet we had no chd, retred to repose mysef
durng the scorchng heat of noon and here your father,
ydaspes, vsted me, beng warned to do so by a dream.
rpaffaffv ot oT ov r fot oT a a a r tcoc. Ths
dstncton, observes a revewer, between the roya and popuar
system of herogyphcs, as we as the et uette of nscrbng the tte
of the ng wthn a crce or ova,s borrowed from the monuments of
gypt.
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b T D TU
n conse uence of ths vst became pregnant. The whoe
tme of my pregnancy was a contnua feast, a course of
sacrfces and than sgvngs to the gods, for the near pros-
pect, ong wshed for, of a successor to the ngdom. ut
when at ast brought you forth, a whte nfant, so dfferent
from the thopan hue, was at no oss to e pan the
cause, snce, n the embraces of your father,t had ept my
eyes f ed on the pcture of ndromeda, whom the panter had
represented ust unchaned from the roc , and my magna-
ton had communcated her compe on to my unhappy off-
sprng. ut ths, though satsfactory to me, mght not
have been so to any one ese. dreaded the beng accused
of adutery, and the punshment whch awats that crme:
commtted you, therefore, to the wde word and to for-
tune. thought ths better even for you than death, or the
dsgrace of beng caed a bastard, one of whch fates must
have awated you, had preserved you at home. tod my
husband that my chd was dead, and e posed you prvatey,
pacng as many vauabes wth you as coud coect, by
way of reward for whoever shoud fnd and brng you up.
mong other ornaments put ths fet upon you, staned
wth my own bood and contanng ths meanchoy account,
whch have traced out n the mdst of tears and sorrows,
when frst brought you nto the word, and was over-
whemed wth gref and consternaton. nd, oh my sweet,
yet soon ost daughter, f you shoud survve, remember the
nobe race from whch you sprng honour and cutvate
vrtue and modesty, the chef recommendatons of a woman,
and ornaments of a ueen. ut, among the ewes whch
are e posed wth you, remember to n ure after, and cam
for yoursef a rng whch your father gave me when he
Tasso, c. . 21-40, as s we nown, has ntroduced the story of
Charcea under the name of Cornda:
D una petosa stora e d devote
gure a sua stanza era dpnta,
ergne banca be voto, e e gote
ermga, e uv presso un drago avvnta.
ngravda frattanto, ed espon fuor
( tu fost coe) Candda fga.
The effect of acob s rods w suggest tsef to the recoecton of
the reader. Gen. . 37-41.
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T G D C C . 8
sought me n marrage. The crce of t s nscrbed wth
roya characters, and n ts bez the stone Pantarbe, whch
possesses occut and powerfu vrtue. have gven you ths
account n wrtng, snce crue fortune denes me the hap-
pness of dong t n person my pans may have been
ta en to no purpose, but they may be of use to you the
desgns of fate are nscrutabe by mortas. These words
(oh vany beautfu, and brngng, by your beauty, an mpu-
taton on her who bore you), f you shoud be preserved,
may serve as a to en to dscover your race f otherwse
(whch may never hear ) they w be the funera ament
of an affcted mother.
hen read ths, Cnemon, ac nowedged and
wondered at the dspensatons of the detes. fet both
peasure and pan by a new nd of sensaton re oced
and wept at the same tme. was gad to have dscovered
what was before gnorant of, together wth the meanng of
the orace: but was apprehensve for the event of the
desgn was engaged n and amented the nstabty and
uncertanty, the changes and the chances of human fe, of
whch the fortunes of Charcea afforded so remar abe an
nstance. recoected that, wth her hgh brth, heress of
the roya famy of thopa, she was now banshed to a
vast dstance from her natve country, and reputed as
a bastard. contnued a consderabe tme n these con-
tempatons, deporng her present stuaton, and hardy
darng to fatter mysef wth better hopes for the future.
t ength coected my scattered sprts, and determned
that somethng must be done, and that uc y. went,
therefore, to Charcea found her aone, amost overcome
by what she suffered: her mnd wng to bear up aganst her maady but her body abourng, yedng, and unabe
to resst ts attac s. hen had sent out her attendants,
and gven orders that no one shoud dsturb us, on pretence
that had some prayers and nvocatons to ma e use of
over her, thus addressed her:
t s now tme, my dear Charcea, to dscose to me (as
you promsed yesterday) the cause of your sufferngs. de
nothng, beseech you, from a man who has the greatest
regard for you and whose art s besdes abe to dscover
whatever you may obstnatey endeavour to concea. he
f ravrapfy rr v cfv ovr v a upufvov.
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0 T D TTTU P
too my hand, ssed t and wept. age Caasrs, sad
she, permt me, beg of you, to suffer n sence and do
you, as you have t n your power, dscover of yoursef the
cause of my dsease. pare me the gnomny of confessng
that whch t s shamefu to fee, and st more shamefu to
avow. hatever undergo from my dsorder, suffer
more from the thought of my own wea ness, n permttng
mysef to be overcome by t, and not resstng t at the be-
gnnng. t was aways odous to me the very menton of
t contamnates the chaste ears of a vrgn.
ac uesce, my daughter, reped, n your sence.
do not bame your reserve, and that for two reasons. n
the frst pace, have no need to be tod that whch have
before dscovered by my art and then an unwngness to
spea of a matter of ths nature, becomes we the modesty
of your se . ut snce you have at ast fet ove, and are
manfesty smtten by Theagenes (for ths the gods have
dscosed to me), now that you are not the frst, or the ony
one, who has succumbed under ths passon. t s common
to you wth many ceebrated women, and many madens n
other respects most rreproachabe for ove s a very power-
fu dety, and s sad to subdue even the gods themseves.
Consder then what s best to be done n your present cr-
cumstances. f t be the greatest happness to be free from
ove, the ne t s, when one s ta en captve, to reguate t
propery: ths you have n your power to do you can repe
the mputaton of mere sensua ove, and sanctfy t wth the
honourabe and sacred name of wedoc .
hen sad ths, Cnemon, she showed much agtaton,
and great drops of sweat stood on her forehead. t was
pan that she re oced at what she heard, but was an ous
about the success of her hopes and ashamed and bushng
at the dscovery of her wea ness. fter a consderabe
pause she sad,
Tou ta of wedoc , and recommend that, as f t were
evdent that my father woud agree to t, or the author of
my sufferngs desre t. s to the young man, have not
s hands are tny, but afar they throw,
en down to Ds and cheron beow.

ma s hs bow, hs arrow sma to sght,
ut to ove s court t wngs ts ready fght.
Chapman s Trs. of Moachus.
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T T1T 8 D C C . 1
the east doubt he s more deepy smtten than yoursef,
and suffers fu as much on your account as you can do on
hs. or, as t seems, your sous at ther frst encounterng
new that they were worthy of each other, and fet a mutua
passon ths passon, out of regard to you, have heght-
ened by my art n Theagenes. ut he whom you suppose
your father, proposes to gve you another husband, ca-
menes, whom you we now. e sha sooner fnd ca-
menes a grave, than fnd hm a wfe n me, sad she ether
Theagenes sha be my husband, or w yed to the fate
whch presses upon me. ut why do you hnt that Cha-
rces s not reay my father
t s from ths that have my nformaton, reped,
shewng her the fet. here dd you get ths sad
she, or how for snce was brought, hardy now how,
from gypt, Charces has ept t safey oc ed up n a chest
est any accdent shoud happen to t. ow got t,
returned, you sha hear another tme at present te me
f you now what s wrtten on t. he owned that she
was entrey gnorant of ts contents. t dscovers, sad ,
your famy, your country, and your fortunes. he be-
sought me to dscose the purport of t and nterpreted
the whoe wrtng to her, word for word. hen she came
to now who she was, her 3prt seemed to rse, n conformty
to her nobe race. he as ed me what was to be done at ths
con uncture. then became more unreserved and e pct
n my advce to her.
have been, my daughter, sad , n thopa ed
by the desre of ma ng mysef ac uanted wth ther ws-
dom. was nown to your mother Persna, for the roya
paace was aways open to the earned. ac ured some
reputaton there, as ncreased my own stoc of gyptan
nowedge by onng t to that of . thopa: and when
was preparng to return home, the ueen unbosomed hersef
to me, and dscosed everythng she new reatve to you,
and your brth, e actng from me frst an oath of secrecy.
he sad she was afrad to confde n any of the . thopan
sages and she earnesty besought me to consut the gods
as to whether you had been fortunatey preserved and f
so, nto what part of the word you were: for she coud
hear no tdngs of you n thopa, after a most dgent
n ury. The goodness of the gods dscovered by ther
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2 T D TU
oraces everythng to me: and when tod her you were
st ave, and where you were, she was very earnest wth
me to see you out, and nduce you to return to your natve
and for she had contnued sorrowfu and chdess ever
snce you were e posed and was ready, f you shoud ap-
pear, to confess to her husband everythng whch had hap-
pened. nd she was ncned to hope that he woud now
ac nowedge you havng had so ong e perence of her
vrtue and good conduct, and seeng an une pected prospect
arse of a successor to hs famy. Ths she sad, and be-
sought me earnesty by the un, an ad uraton whch no sage
dare voate, to do what she desred of me. am now here,
desrous to e ecute what have been so strongy con ured
to do: and though another cause brought me nto ths
country, esteem the pans of my wanderng we repad
and gve than s to the gods that have found you here,
whom have ong been desrous of meetng wth. Tou
now wth what care have cutvated your frendshp
that conceaed whatever new concernng you, t
coud obtan possesson of ths fet, as a pedge of the truth
of my reaton. Tou may now, f you w be persuaded,
eave ths country wth me, before you are obged, by force,
to do anythng aganst your ncnatons for now that
Charces s ta ng every measure to brng about your mar-
rage wth camenes. Tou may return to your country,
revst your famy, and be restored to your parents accom-
paned by Theagenes, your ntended husband and you may
change your fe of e e and uncertanty for that of a
prncess, who sha hereafter regn wth hm whom she most
oves, f we may pace confdence n the predctons of the
gods. then put her n mnd of the orace of poo, and
gave her my e panaton of t. he had heard of t before,
for t was much ta ed of, and ts meanng n ured nto.
he paused at ths: at ast she sad, nce such, you thn ,
s the w of the gods, and am ncned to beeve your
nterpretaton, what, ather, w be best for me to do
Tou must pretend, sad , that you are wng to marry
camenes. ut ths s odous to me, she reped t s
dsgracefu to gve even a fegned promse to any but Thea-
genes: but snce have gven mysef up to your drecton,
and that of the gods, how far w ths dssmuaton ead
me, so that be not entanged n any dsagreeabe crcum-
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T G D C C . 3
stances by t The event w show you, sad to
te you beforehand mght cause some hestaton upon your
part, whereas suddenness n acton w brng wth t conf-
dence and bodness. ny foow my advce: seem, for the
present, to agree to the marrage whch Charces has so
much at heart he w not proceed n t wthout my now-
edge and drecton. he wept, yet promsed to be guded
by me, and too my eave of her.
had scarcey got out of the chamber when met
Charces, wth a very downcast and sorrowfu ar. Tou
are a strange man, sad : when you ought to re oce,
sacrfce, and gve than s to the gods, for havng obtaned
what you so ong have wshed for when Charcea at ast,
wth great dffcuty, and the utmost e ertons of my art
and wsdom, has been brought to yed to ove, and to desre
marrage you go about sad and droopng, and are ready to
shed tears. hat can be the matter wth you have
but too much reason for sorrow, he reped, when the de-
ght of my eyes, before she can be marred, as you say she
s ncned to be, s threatened to be hurred away from me,
f any fath s to be gven to dreams, whch on severa nghts,
and partcuary on the ast, have tormented me. Me-
thought saw an eage ta e hs fght from the hand of
poo, and stoopng down suddeny upon me, snatch my
daughter, aas out of my very bosom, and bear her away to
some e treme corner of the earth, fu of dus y and shadowy
forms. coud not dscover what became of them for soon
the vast ntermedate nterva hd them from my sght.
nstanty con ectured what ths dream portended but
endeavoured to comfort hm, and to prevent hs havng the
smaest suspcon of the rea truth. Consderng that you
are a prest, sad, and are dedcated to that dety who
s most famous for oraces, you seem to me not to have
much s n the nterpretaton of dreams. Ths dar y
sgnfes the approachng marrage of your chd, and the
eage represents her ntended spouse: and when poo
ntmates ths to you, and that t s from hs hands that your
daughter s to receve a husband, you seem dspeased, and
wrest the dream to an omnous nterpretaton. herefore,
my dear Charces, et us be cautous what we say et us
accommodate ourseves to the w of the gods, and use our
utmost endeavours to persuade the maden.
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4 T D TU
ut how sha we manage, he reped, to render her
more compant ave you, sad , any vauabes
ad up n store, garments, or god, or nec ace f you
have, produce them, gve them to her as a marrage present,
and proptate her by gfts. Precous stones and orna-
ments have a magc nfuence upon a femae mnd. Tou
must proceed too, as fast as you can, n a your prepa-
ratons for the nuptas there must be no deay n hastenng
them forward, whe that ncnaton, forced upon her mnd
by art, remans yet undmnshed. othng sha be want-
ng whch depends upon me, reped Charces and mme-
datey he ran out, wth aacrty and oy, to put hs words n
e ecuton. soon found that he ost no tme n dong what
had suggested and that he had offered to Charcea
dresses of great prce, and the thopan nec ace whch
had been e posed wth her as to ens by Persna, as f they
were marrage presents from camenes. oon after met
Theagenes, and as ed hm what was become of a those who
had composed hs tran n the processon. e sad the
madens had aready set forward on ther ourney, as they
traveed sowy and that the youths, mpatent of deay,
were becomng camorous, and pressng hm to return home.
hen heard ths, nstructed hm what to say to them,
and what he shoud do hmsef and bddng hm observe
the sgnas that shoud gve hm, both of tme and oppor-
tunty, eft hm.
bent my course towards the tempe of poo, ntend-
ng to mpore hm to nstruct me, by some orace, n what
manner 1 was to drect my fght wth my young frends.
ut the dvnty was uc er than any thought of mne he
asssts those who act n conformty to hs w, and wth
unas ed benevoence antcpates ther prayers as he here
antcpated my ueston by a vountary orace, and n a very
evdent manner manfested hs superntendence over us.
or as was hastenng, fu of an ety, to hs shrne, a
sudden voce stopped me Ma e what speed you can, t
vyya. Propery the brd caed the wrynec . t was sacred to
enus, and much used n ove ncantatons, especay to reca the
aenated affectons of a beoved ob ect. t was empoyed fastened to
a whee, by turnng whch, the effect was supposed to be produced.
t aso means the magca whee tsef. c e s Theocrtus, see
Theoc. dy. 11.
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T G D C C .
sad the strangers ca upon you. company of peope
were at that tme ceebratng, to the sound of futes, a fes-
tva n honour of ercues. obeyed, and turned towards
them, as soon as heard ths warnng, carefu not to negect
the dvne ca. oned the assemby, threw ncense on
the atar, and made my batons of water. They roncay
e pressed ther admraton at the cost and profuson of my
offerngs, and nvted me to parta e of the feast wth them.
accepted the nvtaton, and havng recned on a couch
adorned wth myrte and aure, and tasted somethng of
what was set before me, sad to them, My frends,
have parta en of a very peasant entertanment wth you,
but am gnorant whom am among wherefore t s tme
now for you to te me who you are, and from whence: for
t s rude and unbecomng for those who have begun a nd
of frendshp, by beng parta ers of the same tabe and
sacrfce, and of the same sacred sat, to separate wthout
nowng at east somethng of each other. They ready
reped that they were Phoencan merchants from Tyre
that they were sang to Carthage wth a cargo of tho-
pan, ndan, and Phoencan merchandze that they were
at that nstant ceebratng a sacrfce to the Tyran er-
cues, on account of a vctory whch that young man
(showng one of ther company) had ganed at the Pythan
games esteemng t a great honour that a Phoencan
shoud be decared a con ueror n Greece. Ths youth,
sad they, after we had passed the Maan promontory, and
were drven by contrary wnds to Cephaene, affrmed to
us, swearng by ths our country s god, that t was reveaed
to hm n a dream that he shoud obtan a prze at the
Pythan games and persuaded us to turn out of our course,
and touch here. n effect, hs presages have been fufed
and the head of a merchant s now encrced wth a vctor s
crown. e offers therefore ths sacrfce to the god who
foretod hs success, both as a than sgvng for the vc-
tory, and to mpore hs protecton n the voyage whch
we are about to underta e for we propose to set sa eary
to-morrow mornng, f the wnds favour our wshes.
s that reay your ntenton sad. t s ndeed,
they answered. Tou may then, reped, have me as
a companon n your voyage, f you w permt t for
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T D TU
have occason to go nto cy, and n your course to
frca you must necessary sa by that sand. Tou
sha be hearty wecome, they reped for nothng but
good can happen to us from the socety of a sage, a Grecan,
and, as we con ecture, a favourte of the gods. sha
be very happy to accept your offer, sad, f you w
aow me one day for preparaton. e, sad they,
we w gve you to-morrow but do not fa n the
evenng to be by the water-sde for the nght s favour-
abe to our navgaton gente breezes at that season
bow from the and, and prope the shp uety on her way. promsed them to be there wthout fa at the tme
apponted, and e acted an oath from them that they woud
not sa before. nd wth ths eft them, st empoyed n
ther ppes and dances, whch they performed to the brs
notes of ther musc, somethng after the ssyran fashon
now boundng ghty on hgh, and now sn ng to the
ground on bended nees, and agan whrng themseves
round wth rapdty, as f hurred on by the nfuence of the
dvnty. found Charcea admrng as they ay n her
ap the presents whch Charces had made her from her
went to Theagenes: gave each of them nstructons what
they were to do, and returned to my apartment, soctous
and ntent upon the prosecuton of my desgn whch dd
not ong deay to put n e ecuton. hen t was mdnght,
and a the cty was bured n seep, a band of armed youths
surrounded the habtaton of Charcea. Theagenes ed on
ths amatory assaut hs troop conssted of those who com-
posed hs tran. th shouts, and camour, and cashng
ther sheds, to terrfy any who mght be wthn hearng,
they bro e nto the house wth ghted torches t the door,
Mr. obhouse s descrpton of the dance of the banans affords
an ustraton of the above. They danced round the baze to ther
own songs wth astonshng energy one of them whch detaned
them more than an hour, had for the burden obbers a at Parga
obbers a at Parga and as they roared out ths stave, they
whred round the fre, dropped and rebounded from ther nees, and
agan whred round as the chorus was agan repeated. otes to
Chde arod, c. . 71.
e, he ponte ucda
unaa, et vectes et arcus
pposts forbus mnaces. or. d. . . .
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T G D C C . 7
whch had on purpose been eft sghty fastened, easy-
gvng way to them. They sezed and hurred away Cha-
rcea, who was apprzed of ther desgn, and easy sub-
mtted to the seemng voence. They too wth her a
uantty of vauabe stuff, whch she ndcated to them and
the moment they had eft the house, they rased agan ther
war e shouts, cashed ther sheds, and wth an awfu
nose marched through the cty, to the unspea abe terror
of the affrghted nhabtants whose aarm was the greater,
as they had chosen a st nght for ther purpose, and Par-
nassus resounded to the cang of ther brazen buc ers. n
ths manner they passed through Deph, fre uenty re-
peatng to each other the name of Charcea. s soon as
they were out of the cty, they gaoped as fast as they coud
towards Mount ( ta. ere the overs, as had been agreed
upon, wthdrew themseves prvatey from the Thessaans, and fed to me. They fe at my feet, embraced my nees n
great agtaton, and caed upon me to save them Cha-
rcea bushng, wth downcast eyes, at the bod step she had
ta en. Preserve and protect, sad Theagenes, strangers,
fugtves, and suppants, who have gven up everythng that
they may gan each other saves of chaste ove paythngs
of fortune vountary e es, yet not desparng, but pacng
a ther hopes of safety n you. was confused and
affected wth ths address: tears woud have been a reef to
me but restraned mysef, that mght not ncrease ther
apprehensons. rased and comforted them and bddng
them hope everythng whch was fortunate, from a desgn
underta en under the drecton of the gods, tod them
must go and oo after what yet remaned to be done for
the e ecuton of our pro ect and desrng them to stay
where they were, and to ta e great care that they were not
seen by any body, prepared to eave them but Charcea
caught hod of my garment, and detaned me.
ather, she cred, t w be treacherous and un ust
n you to eave me aready, and aone, under the care of
Theagenes ony. Tou do not consder how fathess a
guardan a over s, when hs mstress s n hs power, and
no one present to mpose respect upon hm. e w wth
dffcuty restran hmsef, when he sees the ob ect of hs
ardent desres defenceess before hm wherefore nsst upon
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8 T D m
your not eavng me, t have e acted an oath from Theage-
nes, that he w not attempt to obtan any favours whch am
not dsposed to grant, t arrve n my country, and am re-
stored to my famy or, at east, f the gods shoud envy me
that happness, t am by my own consent become hs wfe.
was surprsed yet peased wth what she sad, and
agreed entrey wth her n her sentments. rased a
fame upon the hearth n pace of an atar, threw on a few
grans of fran ncense, and Theagenes too the oath, ndg-
nant at ts beng re ured of hm, and that such an ob-
gaton shoud deprve hm of showng vountary that
respect to Charcea, whch he was aready determned to
show wthout any such compuson. e shoud now, he
sad, have no mert n t a the restrant he put upon hm-
sef woud be mputed to the fear of per ury. e swore.
however, by the Pythan poo, by Dana, by enus her-
sef, and the oves, that he woud conform hmsef n every
nstance to the w of Charcea. These and other soemn
vows havng been mutuay ta en under the auspces of the
gods, made what haste coud to Charces.
found hs house fu of tumut and gref, hs servants
havng aready nformed hm of the rape of hs daughter
hs frends foc ng round hm wth useess consoaton, and
e uay useess advce hmsef n tears, and totay at a
oss what to do. caed out wth a oud voce, naves
that you are, how ong w you stand here stupd and unde-
termned, as f your msfortunes had ta en away your
senses hy do you not arm nstanty, pursue and ta e
the ravshers, and revenge the n ures you have receved
t w be to no purpose, reped Charces, n a angud
tone see that a ths s come upon me by the wrath of
heaven the gods foretod to me that shoud be deprved
of what hed most dear, snce the tme that entered
unseasonaby nto the tempe, and saw what t was not
swear to thee, by Cupd s strongest bow,
y hs best arrow wth the goden head,
y the smpcty of enus doves,
y that whch ntteth sous and prospers oves,
y a the vows that ever men have bro e,
n number more than ever woman spo e.
Mdsummer ght s Dream.
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T G 1T UD C C .
awfu for me to behod. Tet there s no reason why we
shoud not contend, n ths nstance, even aganst a caa-
mty, though sent by the detes, f we new whom we have
to pursue, and who have brought ths msfortune upon us.
e do now them, sad t s Theagenes, whom you
made so much of and ntroduced to me, and hs compa-
nons. Perhaps you may fnd some of them st about the
cty, who may have otered here ths evenng. rse,
therefore, and ca the peope to counc.
hat desred was done: the magstrates sent the
herad about, to convo e an assemby by the sound of
trumpet. The peope presenty came together, and a
nght meetng was hed n the theatre. Charces drew
tears of compasson from a, when he appeared n the mdst
n mournng garments, wth dust upon hs face and head,
and thus began:
Dephans, you may perhaps magne that have caed
together ths meetng, and am now addressng t soey on
account of my own great caamtes but that s not entrey
the case. suffer ndeed what s worse than death. am
eft deserted, affcted by the gods, my house desoate, and
deprved of that sweet conversaton whch preferred to a
the peasures n the word yet hope, and the sef-concet
common to us, st sustans me, and promses me that
sha agan recover my daughter. ut am moved wth
ndgnaton at the affront whch has been offered to the
cty, whch hope to see punshed even before my own
wrongs are redressed, uness the Thessaan strpngs have
ta en away from us our free sprt, and ust regard for our
country and ts gods for what can be more shamefu than
that a few youths, dancers forsooth, and foowers of an
embassy, shoud trampe under ther feet the aws and
authorty of the frst cty n Greece, and shoud ravsh from
the tempe of poo ts chefest ornament, Charcea, aas
Charces does not farther e pan the nature of hs offence but
the ancents thought that even an accdenta, nvountary ntruson
nto any ceremones or mysteres at whch t was not awfu for the
ntruder to be present, was aways foowed by some punshment.
uarta n Petronus says, e ue enm us uam mpune uodnon
cut aspe t.
nsca uod crmen vderunt umna, pector,
Peccatum ue ocuos est habusse, meum vd.
2
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100 T D TU
the deght of my eyes ow obstnate and mpacabe
towards me has been the anger of the gods The fe of my
own daughter, as you now, was e tngushed wth the ght
of her nupta torches. Gref for her death brought her
mother soon to the grave, and drove me from my country
but, when found Charcea, fet mysef consoed she
became my fe, the hope of successon n my famy, my
sheet anchor, may say, my ony comfort. f a these
ths sudden storm has bereft me, and that at the most
unuc y tme possbe, as f were to be the scorn and
sport of fate, ust when preparatons were ma ng for her
marrage, and you were a nformed of t.
he he was spea ng, and ndugng hmsef n amen-
tatons, the chef magstrate egesas nterrupted and stop-
ped hm. et Charces, feow-ctzens, sad he, ament
hereafter at hs esure but et not us be so hurred away,
and affected by concern for hs msfortunes, as to negect
opportunty, whch n a thngs s of great moment, and
partcuary n mtary affars. There s some hope that
we may overta e the ravshers f we foow them nstanty,
for the deay whch must ta e pace on our part w
naturay ma e them ess speedy n ther march: but f we
spend our tme n womansh bewangs,and by our deays gve
them an opportunty to escape, what remans but that we
sha become a common aughng-stoc , the aughng-stoc
of youths, whom the moment we have ta en we shoud na
to so many crosses, and render ther names, and even ther
fames, nfamous Ths we may easy effect, f we en-
deavour to rouse the ndgnaton of ther countrymen aganst
them, and nterdct ther descendants, and as many of them-
seves as may happen to escape, from ever beng present at
ths annua ceremona and sacrfce to the Manes of ther
hero the e pense of whch we defray out of our pubc
treasury. The peope approved what he advsed, and rat-
fed t by ther decree. nact, aso, sad he, f you
pease, that the prestess sha never n future appear to
the armed runners for, as con ecture, t was the sght
of her at that tme whch nfamed Theagenes, and e cted
ee the fne Chorus n the ( dpus Cooneus, the sub ect beng
the pursut after the daughters of ( dpus, carred off by Creon
104 1100.
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T G T) C C . 101
n hm the mpous desgn of carryng her off t s desrabe,
therefore, to guard aganst anythng whch may gve occa-
son to such an attempt for the tme to come.
hen ths aso was unanmousy agreed to, egesas
gave the sgna to march, the trumpet sounded, the theatre
was abandoned for war, and there was a genera rush from
the assemby for the fght. ot ony the robust and
mature foowed hm, but chdren and youths ewse,
suppyng wth ther zea the pace of age women, aso,
wth a sprt superor to ther strength, snatchng what
arms they coud meet wth, tred n van to eep up
wth them, and, by the frutess attempt, were obged
to confess the wea ness of ther se . Tou mght see od
men struggng wth ther age, ther mnd draggng on
ther body, and ndgnant at ther physca wea ness,
because of the vgour of ther mnds. The whoe cty, n
short, fet so deepy the oss of Charcea, that, wthout
watng for day, and moved by a common mpuse, t
poured forth n pursut of her ravshers.
.
ow the cty of Dephos succeeded n ther pursut,
had no opportunty of earnng ther beng thus engaged,
however, gave me an e ceent opportunty for the fght
whch medtated. Ta ng, therefore, my young com-
panons, ed them down to the sea, and put them aboard
the Phoencan vesse, whch was ust ready to set sa, for
day now begnnng to brea , the merchants thought they
had ept the promse they had made, of watng for me a
day and a nght. eeng us however appear, they receved
us wth great oy, and mmedatey proceeded out of the
harbour, at frst usng ther oars, then a moderate breeze
rsng from the and, and a gente swe of the sea caressng
oov rpootyt a t rpvfvr .
There, mdy dmpng, ocean s chee
efects the tnts of many a pea
Caught by the aughng tdes that ave
These dens of the eastern wave. yron.
r vr r. .r
avr p fov y aofa. sch. P. . 0.
of ocean s waves
The muttudnous sme.
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102 T D TU
as t were the stern of our shp, they hosted sa, and com-
mtted the vesse to the wnd.
e passed wth rapdty the Crrhaean guf, the pro-
montory of Parnassus, the toan and Caydonan roc s,
and the an ses, sharp both n name and fgure, and
the sea of acynthus began to appear as the sun san
towards the west. ut why am thus tedous hy
do forget you and mysef, and, by e tendng my narraton,
embar you upon a boundess ocean. et us stop here
a whe, and both of us ta e a tte rest for though
now you are a very patent hearer, and strve e ceenty
aganst seep, yet have prosecuted the account of my
troubes to so unseasonabe an hour, that thn you at
ast begn to gve n. My age, too, and the remembrance of
my sufferngs, wegh down my sprts, and re ure repose.
top then, ather, reped Cnemon, not on my
account, for coud attend untred to your story many
days and nghts t s to me as the syren s strans but
have for some tme heard a tumut and nose n the house
was rather aarmed at t, but my great desre to hear the
remander of your dscourse prevented me from nterruptng
you.
was not sensbe of t, sad Caasrs, owng,
suppose, party to the duness of my hearng, the common
maady of age, and party to my beng ntent on what
was sayng. ut fancy the str you hear s occasoned
by the return of ausces, the master of the house am
mpatent to now how he has succeeded. n every thng
as coud wsh, my dear Caasrs, sad ausces, who
entered at that moment. now how soctous you were
for my success, and how your best wshes accompaned me.
have many proofs of your good w towards me, and
among others the words whch have ust heard you
utterng. ut who s ths stranger Gree , sad
Caasrs what farther regards hm you sha hear another
tme but pray reate to us your success, that we may be
parta ers n your oy. Tou sha hear a n the mornng,
reped ausces at present et t suffce you to now,
that have obtaned a farer Thsbe than ever for mysef,
weared wth cares and fatgues, must now ta e a tte
repose. avng sad ths, he retred to rest.
U cu.
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T G D C C . 103
Cnemon was struc at hearng the name of Thsbe
rac ng hs mnd wth an ety, he passed a seepess nght,
nor coud he at ntervas restran hs sghs and groans,
whch at ast awa ened Caasrs, who ay near, from a
sound seep. The od man, rasng hmsef upon hs ebow,
as ed hm what was the matter wth hm, and why he
vented hs compants n that amost frantc manner. s
t not enough to drve me mad, reped Cnemon, when
hear that Thsbe s ave nd who s ths Thsbe
sad Caasrs, and how came you ac uanted wth her
and why are you dsturbed at supposng her to be ave
Tou sha hear at arge, returned the other, when
reate to you my story at present w ony te you that
saw her dead wth these eyes, and bured her wth my own
hands among the buccaneers. Ta e some rest now,
sad the od man ths mystery w soon be ceared up.
cannot seep, he sad do you repose yoursef f
you w sha de f do not fnd out, and that mme-
datey, under what msta e ausces s abourng or
whether among the gyptans aone the dead come to fe
agan. Caasrs smed at hs mpatence, and betoo
hmsef agan to seep.
ut Cnemon arose, and, gong out of hs chamber, en-
countered a those dffcutes whch t was probabe a
stranger woud meet wth, who wanders at nght, and n
the dar , n an un nown house but he strugged wth
them a, such was hs horror of Thsbe, and hs an ety
to cear away the apprehensons whch were rased n hs
mnd by what fe from ausces. fter passng and
repassng many tmes, wthout nowng t, the same pas-
sages, at ast he heard the soft voce of a woman amentng,
e a verna nghtngae pourng out her meanchoy notes
at eventde. ed by the sound, he advanced towards the
apartment and puttng hs ear to the dvson of the fod-
ng doors, he stened, and heard her thus amentng:
uas popuea moerens Phomea sub umbra
mssos uertur foetus uos durus arator
bservans ndo mpumes detra t at a
et noctem, ramo ue sedens mserabe carmen
ntegrat, et moestus ate oca uestbus mpet.
rg. G. v. 11.
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104 T D TU
hat an unhappy fate s mne thought had
escaped from the hands of the robbers, and avoded a crue
death. fattered mysef that shoud pass the remander
of my fe wth my beoved wanderng ndeed, and n
foregn ands, but wth hm t woud have been sweet and
every dffcuty woud have been supportabe. ut my
ev genus s not yet satsfed he gave me a gance of
hope, and has punged me afresh n despar. hoped
had escaped servtude, and am agan a save a prson, and
am st confned. was ept n an sand, and surrounded
wth dar ness my stuaton s not now very dfferent,
ndeed, perhaps rather worse, for he who was abe and
wng to consoe me s separated from me. The Prates
cave whch yesterday nhabted, seemed ndeed an avenue
to the shades beow more e a charne house than a
dweng but hs presence n whom deghted made t
peasant for he amented my fate vng, and shed tears
over me when he thought me dead. ow am deprved of
every comfort he who partoo of and essened the burden
of my msfortunes s ravshed from me and , deserted
and a captve, am e posed aone to the assauts of crue
fortune and endure to ve ony because have a gm-
merng of hope that my beoved st survves. ut where,
deght of my sou, are you hat fate has awated
you re you aso forced to be a save you, whose sprt
s so free, and mpatent of a savery e cept that of ove
h, may your fe be safe, at east and may you, though
ate, see agan your Thsbe for so, however unwng, you
must ca me.
hen Cnemon heard ths, he coud no onger restran
hmsef, or have patence to sten to what was to foow
but guessng from what he had aready heard, and partcu-
ary from what was ast uttered, that the companer coud
be no other than Thsbe, he was ready to fa nto a swoon
at the very doors he composed hmsef, however, as we as
he was abe, and fearng est he shoud be dscovered by any
one (for mornng now approached, and the coc had twce
crowed), he hurred bac wth a totterng pace.
ow hs foot stumbed now he fe aganst the wa,
and now aganst the ntes of the door sometmes he struc
hs head aganst utenss hangng from the ceng at
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T G D C C . 10
ast, wth much dffcuty, and after many wanderngs, he
reached hs own apartment, and threw hmsef upon the
bed. s body trembed, and hs teeth chattered, and t
mght have become a very serous matter had not Caasrs,
aarmed at the dsorder n whch he returned, come to hs
assstance, and soothed and comforted hm. hen he
came a tte to hmsef, he n ured nto the cause of t.
am undone, e camed Cnemon that wretch Thsbe
s reay ave and havng sad ths, he san down agan
and fanted away.
Caasrs havng wth much ado recovered hm, attempted
to cheer hs mnd. ome envous demon, who ma es human
affars hs sport, was no doubt practsng hs usons
upon Cnemon, not sufferng hm to en oy hs good fortune
unaoyed wth troube but ma ng that whch was after-
wards to be the cause of hs greatest peasure wear at frst
the appearance of caamty: ether because such s the
perverse dsposton of those bengs, or because human
nature cannot admt pure and unm ed oy. Cnemon, at
ths very tme, was fyng from her whom he above a
thngs desred to meet, and frghtened at that whch woud
have been to hm the most peasng of sghts for the ady
who was thus amentng was not Thsbe but Charcea.
The tran of accdents whch brought her nto the house of
ausces was as foows:
fter Thyams was ta en prsoner, the sand set on fre,
and ts prate nhabtants e peed, Thermuths, hs eute-
nant, and Cnemon crossed over the a e n the mornng to
ma e n ures after Thyams. hat happened on ther
e pedton, has been before reated. Theagenes and Cha-
rcea were eft aone n the cave, and esteemed what was
to prove ony an e cess of caamty, a great present bessng
snce now for the frst tme, beng eft aone, and freed
from every ntrudng eye, they nduged themseves n
unrestraned embraces and endearments and forgettng a
the word, and cngng together as though formng but
one body, they en oyed the frst fruts of pure and vrgn
ove warm tears were mnged wth ther chaste sses
chaste say, for f at any tme human nature was about to
preva on Theagenes he was chec ed by Charcea, and put
n mnd of hs oath nor was t dffcut to brng hm bac
wthn due bounds, for though not proof aganst pure ove,
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10 T D TT P
he was superor to mere sensua desre. ut when at
ength they caed to mnd that ths was a tme for con-
sutaton they ceased ther daance, and Theagenes began
as foows:
That we may spend our ves together, my dearest Char-
cea, and obtan at ast that unon whch we prefer to every
earthy bessng, and for the sa e of whch we have under-
gone so much, s my fervent prayer, and may the gods of
Greece grant t ut snce every thng human s fuc-
tuatng, and sub ect to change, snce we have suffered
much, and have yet much to hope, as we have apponted to
meet Cnemon at Chemms, and are uncertan what fortunes
may awat us there, and, n fne, as the country to whch a
our wshes tend s at a great dstance, et us agree upon
some to en by whch we may secrety hod communcaton
when present and, f at any tme separated, may trace out
each other n absence for a to en between frends s an
e ceent companon n a wanderer s ourney, and may often
be the means of agan brngng them together.
Charcea was peased wth the proposa and they agreed,
f they were dvded, to wrte upon any tempe, noted
statue, bust of Mercury, or boundary-stone, Theagenes the
word Pythcus, and Charcea Pythas whether they were
gone to the rght or the eft to what cty, town, or peope
and the day and hour of ther wrtng. f they met n any
crcumstances, or under any dsguse, they depended upon
ther mutua affecton to dscover one another, whch they
were certan no tme coud efface, or even essen. Charcea,
however, showed hm the rng whch had been e posed wth
her, and Theagenes e hbted a scar made upon hs nee by
a wd boar. They agreed on a watch-word: she, ampas
(a amp), he, phon (a pam-tree). avng made these
arrangements, they agan embraced each other, and agan
wept, pourng out ther tears as batons, and usng sses
as oaths.
t ast they went out of the cave, touchng none of the
treasures t contaned, thn ng rches obtaned by punder
an abomnaton. They seected, however, some of the
rchest ewes whch they themseves had brought from
Deph, and whch the prates had ta en from them, and
ppa four-cornered stone pars endng wth a bust of Mercury,
and set up n pubc paces.
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T G D C C . 107
prepared for ther ourney. Charcea changed her dress,
pac ng up n a bunde her nec ace, her crown, and sacred
garments and, the better to concea them, put over them
thngs of ess vaue. he gave the bow and uver (the
embems of the god under whom he served) to Theagenes
to bear: to hm a peasant burden.
They now approached the a e, and were preparng to get
nto a boat, when they saw a company of armed men passng
over toward the sand. endered dzzy by the sght, they
stood for some tme astounded, as f deprved of a feeng
by the contnued assauts of unweared ev fortune. t
ast, however, and ust as the men were andng, Charcea
proposed to retre agan nto the cave, and endeavour to
concea themseves there and was runnng towards t, when
Theagenes stopped her, and e camed, hy shoud we
vany endeavour to fy from that fate whch pursues us
every where et us yed to our fortune, and meet t
wth forttude: what besdes shoud we gan but unendng
troubes, a wanderng fe, and st renewed assauts of the
ev genus who moc s and persecutes us ave you not
e perenced how he has added, wth savage eagerness, the
assauts of prates to e e, and worse pers by and to those
we suffered by sea how he terrfed us frst wth fghtngs,
afterwards threw us nto the hands of buccaneers, detaned
us some tme n captvty, then eft us sotary and deserted,
ust gave us a prospect of fght and freedom, and now
sends ruffans to destroy us pays off hs warfare aganst
us and our fortunes, and gves them the appearance of a
contnuay shftng scene, and sady vared drama et
us put an end then to the tragedy, and gve ourseves up to
those who are prepared for our destructon, est the con-
tnued pressure and ncrease of our msfortunes obge us,
at ast, to ay voent hands upon ourseves.
Charcea dd not entrey agree wth a whch her over
n hs passon sad. he admtted the ustce of hs e pos-
tuatons wth fortune, but coud not see the proprety of
gvng themseves up nto the hands of the armed men. t
was not certan that they meant to destroy them the ev
genus who pursued them woud not, perhaps, be nd enough
to put so uc an end to ther mseres he probaby reserved
them to e perence the hardshps of servtude and was t
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108 T D TU P
not worse than death to be e posed to the nsuts and
ndgntes of the barbarans et us endeavour, there-
fore, sad she, by a means n our power to avod ths fate.
e may, from past e perence, have some hopes of success:
we have fre uenty, aready, escaped from dangers whch
appeared nevtabe.
et us do as you pease, sad Theagenes and foowed
her, unwngy, as she ed the way. They coud not, how-
ever, escape n safety to the cave for whe they were
oo ng ony at the enemy n front, they were not aware of
another troop whch had anded on a dfferent part of the
sand, and whch was ta ng them from behnd, as n a
net. They were now uttery confounded, and stood st,
Charcea eepng cose by Theagenes, so that f they were
to de they mght de together. ome of the men who
approached were ust preparng to str e but when the
youthfu par, oo ng up, fashed upon them the fu spen-
dour of ther beauty, ther hearts faed them, and ther hands
grew sac for the arm even of a barbaran reverences the
beautfu, and the fercest eye grows mder before a ovey
countenance. They too them prsoners, therefore, and
conducted them to ther eader, an ous to ay before hm
the frst and farest of the spos. t was the ony booty,
however, whch they were ey to obtan, for they coud
fnd nothng ese, after the strctest search throughout the
sand. verythng on the surface of t had been destroyed
by the ate confagraton. They were gnorant of the cave
and ts contents. They proceeded then towards ther com-
mander: he was Mthranes, commandant to roondates,
vceroy of gypt, under the Great ng, whom ausces
(as has been sad) had nduced, by a great sum of money,
to ma e ths e pedton nto the sand n search of Thsbe.
Upon the approach of Theagenes and Charcea, ausces,
wth the uc -sghted craft of a merchant, started forward,
and runnng up, e camed, Ths s ndeed Thsbe, the
very Thsbe ravshed from me by those van prates,
but restored by your ndness, Mthranes, and by the
gods. e then caught hod of Charcea, and seemed n
a ov aay vv vrg. or an account of the Persan mode of
cearng a con uered country by onng hands and so sweepng the
whoe face of t, see erod. v. 31.
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T G D C . 10
an ecstacy of oy at the same tme he spo e to her pr-
vatey n Gree , n a ow voce, and bd her, f she vaued
her fe, pretend that her name was Thsbe.
Ths scheme succeeded. Charcea, peased at hearng
her natve anguage, and fatterng hersef wth the hopes of comfort and assstance from the man who spo e t, dd
as he bd her and when Mthranes as ed her her name,
sad t was Thsbe. ausces then ran up to Mthranes,
ssed hs head, fattered the barbaran s vanty, e toed
hs good fortune, and congratuated hm that, besdes hs many
other e pots, ths e pedton had had such good success.
e, ca oed by these prases, and reay beevng the truth
of what was sad (beng deceved by the name), thougs
mtten wth the beauty of the maden, whch shone out
under a sorry garb, e the moon from beneath a coud
yet, confounded by the uc ness of ausces s manoeuvres,
and havng no tme gven to hs fc e mnd for change of pur-
pose, sad, Ta e, then, ths maden, whom my arms have
recovered for you and so sayng, he devered her nto hs
hands, unwngy and fre uenty oo ng bac upon her, as
f he woud not have parted wth her had he not thought
hmsef pedged, by the reward he had receved, to gve her
up. ut as for her companon, he added, pontng to
Theagenes, he sha be my prze. et hm foow me
under a guard he sha be sent to abyon: wth such a
fgure as hs, he w become the servce of the great ng.
nd havng thus sgnfed hs peasure, they passed over
the a e, and were separated from each other. ausces
too the road to Chemms, wth Charcea Mthranes vsted
some other towns whch were under hs command, and very
soon sent Theagenes to roondates, who was then at Mem-
phs, accompaned wth the foowng etter:
Mthranes, Commandant, to the ceroy roondates.
have ta en prsoner a Grecan youth of too nobe an
appearance to contnue n my servce, and worthy to appear
before, and serve ony, the Great ng. send hm to you,
that you may offer hm to our common master, as a great
and nestmabe present, such a one as the roya court has
never yet behed, and probaby never w agan.
. . . . mu ac vaga una decorum
Protut os. or. 1 . v. 21.
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110 T D TU
carcey had the day dawned when eager curosty carred
Caasrs and Cnemon to the apartment of ausces, to
n ure farther nto hs adventures. e tod them a that
have reated: how he arrved at the sand how he found
t deserted the decet he had put upon Mthranes, n
passng off another maden upon hm for Thsbe he was
better peased, he sad, wth hs present prze than f he had
reay found Thsbe there was no more comparson between
ther severa beautes than between a morta and a goddess
hers was unrvaed, t was mpossbe for hm to e press
how beautfu she was but, as she was under hs roof, they
mght satsfy themseves wth ther own eyes. hen they
heard ths, they began to suspect a tte of the truth, and
besought hm to send for her mmedatey, as nowng that
words coud not do ustce to her persona appearance.
hen she was ntroduced (wth downcast eyes, and her
face veed to her forehead), and ausces had besought her
to be of good cheer, she oo ed up a tte, and saw (beyond
her hopes), and was seen by, her une pected frends.
mmedatey a sudden cry was heard from a. These
e camatons burst out at once, My father My
daughter Charcea hersef and not Cnemon s Thsbe.
ausces stood mute wth astonshment when he saw Caa-
srs embracng Charcea, and weepng for oy. e won-
dered what ths coud be whch had the ar of a recognton
on the stage, when Caasrs ran to hm, and embracng
hm, cred out, best of men, may the gods shower on
you every bessng you desre, as you have been the pre-
server of my daughter, and have restored to my ongng
eyes the deght of my fe. ut, my chd, my Charcea
where have you eft Theagenes he wept at the ues-
ton, and, pausng a tte, sad, e who devered me to
ths genteman, whoever he may be, has ed hm away cap-
tve. Caasrs besought ausces to dscover to hm a
he new about Theagenes under whose power he now was
and whther they had ta en hm.
The merchant gave hm a the nformaton he was abe,
concevng ths to be the par about whom he had fre uenty
heard the od man spea , and whom he new he was see ng
n sorrow. e added, that he feared hs ntegence woud
not be of much servce to persons n ther humbe crcum-
stances he doubted, ndeed, whether any sum of money
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T G r p. .
woud nduce Mthranes to part wth the youth. e are
rch enough, sad Charcea softy to Caasrs promse
hm as much as you pease have preserved the nec ace
whch you now of, and have t wth me. Caasrs reco-
vered hs sprts at hearng ths but not choosng to et
ausces nto the secret of ther weath, reped, My good
ausces, the wse man s never poor he measures hs de-
sres by hs possessons, and receves from those who abound
what t s honourabe for hm to as . Te us then where
the person s who has Theagenes n hs power the dvne
goodness w not be wantng to us, but w suppy us wth
as much as s suffcent to satsfy the avarce of ths Persan.
ausces smed ncreduousy. sha, sad he,
be persuaded that you can suddeny grow rch, as by a
mrace, when you have frst pad down to me a ransom for
ths maden you now that rches have as many charms for
a merchant as for a Persan. now t, reped the
od man, and you sha have a ransom. ut why do you
not antcpate my wshes, and, wth your customary bene-
voence, offer, of your own accord, to restore my daughter
Must be forced to entreat t of you Tou sha have
her on proper terms, sad the merchant. do not grudge
you her but now (as am gong to sacrfce) et us on n
suppcaton to the gods, and pray that they woud ncrease
my weath, and bestow some on you. pare your rd-
cue, reped Caasrs, and be not ncreduous ma e
preparatons for the sacrfce, and we w attend you when
everythng s ready.
ausces agreed to ths, and soon after sent a message
to hs guests to desre ther presence. They obeyed cheer-
fuy, havng before concerted what they were to do. The
men accompaned ausces to the atar, wth many others
who were nvted, for t was a pubc sacrfce. Charcea
went wth the merchant s daughter and some other femaes,
whose encouragements and entreates had prevaed upon
her to be present at the ceremony and they woud hardy
have persuaded her had she not secrety peased hersef
wth the thought of ta ng ths opportunty to pour out her
vows and prayers for Theagenes.
They came to the tempe of Mercury (for hm, as the god
of gan and merchants, ausces partcuary worshpped)
and when the sacred rtes were performed, Caasrs nspect-
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112 h h ct s or
ng the entras of the vctm, and changng hs countenance
accordng as they portended oyfu or adverse events, at ast
stretched out hs hand, (murmurng certan words) and pre-
tendng to ta e somethng from among the ashes, presented
a rng of great vaue to ausces, whch he had brought
wth hm for that purpose: nd here, sad he, the gods,
by my hands, offer you ths as a ransom for Charcea.
The rng was a perfect marve, both for matera and
wor manshp. The crce was of eectrum, wthn the bezf
was an thopan amethyst, of the sze of a maden s eye,
fner much than those of pan or rtan for these atter
have a dush tnge of purpe, e a rose ust burstng from
ts bud, and begnnng to redden under the sun s beams
whereas the thopan amethyst shnes wth a deeper and
more spar ng ustre f you turn t about t scatters
ts rays on a sdes, not dung but ghtng up the sght.
They are besdes of much greater vrtue than the
western ones they do not bee ther name, but w reay
eep those who wear them sober amd great e cesses. Ths
property s common to a the ndan and thopan stones:
but that whch Caasrs now gave ausces far surpassed
them. t was carved wth wonderfu art, and represented a
shepherd tendng hs sheep. e sat upon a roc , genty
eevated from the ground, surveyng hs foc , and dstrbut-
ng them nto dfferent pastures by the varous notes of hs
ppe they seemed to obey, and to feed as the sound
drected them. Tou woud say that they had goden feeces,
the natura bush of the amethyst, wthout the ad of art,
castng a gow upon ther bac s. ere you mght observe
the frocs of the tte ambs some cmbng up the ascent,
others gambong around the shepherd, converted the roc
nto a pastora theatre. ome wantonng n the fame
precous rng that ghtens a the hoe
hch e a taper n some monument
Doth shne upon the dead man s earthy chee s
nd shows the ragged entras of ths pt.
Ttus ndroncus.
ft varoc s compounded of the prvate partce a, and f v,
wne, or vu, to be drun .
n ongus, . v., there s a curous descrpton of the effect pro-
duced upon Daphns s goats, by the dfferent notes whch he pays
upon hs ppe.
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T d D C C . 113
of the gem as n the sun, ust touched n boundng the
roc y surface others, oder and more bod, seemed as f
they woud overeap the crce but here art had hndered
them, and surrounded the ewe n the roc wth the goden
bez. The roc was not counterfet, but rea the artst,
to represent t, had ncosed the edges of the stone, and was
not put to the troube of fegnng what n reaty e sted.
uch then was the rng.
ausces was struc at the seemng mrace, and de-
ghted wth the beauty of the gem, whch he esteemed to
be of more vaue than a he was worth. was but
estng, sad he, my dear Caasrs, when ta ed of a
ransom for your daughter my desgn was to restore her to
you freey and wthout prce but snce, as they say, the
gfts of the gods are not to be refused, accept ths ewe
whch s sent from heaven persuaded that t s a present
from Mercury, the best of detes, who has furnshed you
wth-t through the fre, and ndeed. you see how t spar es
tsef wth fames : besdes, thn that the peasantest and
most awfu gan s that whch, wthout mpovershng the
gver, enrches the recever.
avng sad ths, he too the rng, and proceeded wth
the rest of the company to an entertanment the women
by themseves, n the nteror of the tempe the men n the
vestbue. hen they had satsfed ther appette, and the
board was crowned wth cups, they sang a sutabe
hymn to acchus, and poured out batons to hm the
women sang an hymn of than sgvng to Ceres. Charcea,
retrng from the rest, occuped wth her own thoughts,
prayed for the heath and safe return of Theagenes.
nd now, the company beng warmed wth wne, and rfe
wth mrth, ausces, hodng out a gobet of pure water,
sad, G-ood Caasrs, et us offer ths to the nymphs, the
sober nymphs your detes, who have no sympathy wth
acchus, and are nymphs n very deed but f you w
entertan us wth such a reaton as we wsh to hear, t w
be more peasant to us than even our fowng bows. Tou see
the women have aready rsen from the tabe, and are amusng
themseves wth dancng but nether dancng nor musc w
be so peasant to us as the narratve of your wanderngs, f you
p a.r pa. teray, ars sutabe for a march or an embar aton.

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114- T D TU
w favour us wth t. Tou have often e cused yoursef
from the tas on account of the troubes wth whch you
were overwhemed, and the owness of your sprts but
there cannot be a more proper tme for t than the present,
when everythng contrbutes to remove the one and to rase
the other. Tou have recovered your daughter, and have
hopes of recoverng your son especay f you do not
affront me, by deferrng your story any onger.
ow may a good attend you, ausces, sad Cnemon,
puttng n hs word who, athough you have provded a
manner of musc for our recreaton, are wng to forego
such deghts (eavng them to ordnary mnds), and to sten
to hgher and mysterous matters, seasoned wth a dvne
nterest. Tou show udgment n coupng together the
detes, Mercury and acchus, thus mngng the peasures
of dscourse wth those of wne. Though admre the
whoe order of ths spendd sacrfce, yet now nothng
whch w render the god of eo uence more proptous,
than f ths good od man w contrbute hs narratve to
the rest of the entertanment.
Caasrs obeyed, as we to obge Cnemon, as to con-
cate the favour of ausces, whose f servces he fore-
saw he shoud have occason for, and entered upon hs
story. e began wth what he had aready reated to
Cnemon he was now, however, ess mnute, and entrey
passed over some matters whch he dd not choose ausces
to now and when he had proceeded to the pont where he
had before eft off, he went on as foows: s the wnd was at frst very favourabe to us, the fug-
tves from Deph began to fatter themseves wth the hopes
of a prosperous voyage but when we got nto the strats
of Caydon, the swe and rong of the waves aarmed them
not a tte here Cnemon, nterruptng, begged hm to
e pan, f he coud, the cause of that agtaton. The
onan sea, contnued Caasrs, from beng wde beyond,
s there contracted, and pours tsef, by a narrow channe,
yovg eg vw av pav opsvog. pavog a. mea to whch each
contrbuted hs share ether n vctuas or money.
ausces was to assst hm n the recovery of Theagenes, whom
he regarded n the ght of a son.
t ee begnnng of oo .
outh of toa, the modern Guf of Patras.
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T G D C C . 11
nto the Crssaean guf whence, hastenng to mnge ts
waters wth the gean, t s stopped and thrown bac agan
by the sthmus of Peoponnesus whch s opposed, probaby,
as a rampart by dvne provdence, est t shoud overfow
the opposte and: and a greater refu beng occasoned n
the strat than n the rest of the guf, from the encounter
of the advancng and retreatng tdes the waves, owng to
ths repercusson, bo, swe, and brea n tumut one over
the other. Ths e panaton was receved wth the appause
and approbaton of a and the od man contnued hs
narraton.
avng passed the strat, and ost sght of the an
ses, we thought we dscovered the promontory of a-
cynthus, whch rose on our sght e an obscure coud, and
the pot gave orders to fur the sas. e n ured why he
sac ened the vesse s speed, when we had a prosperous
wnd: ecause, sad he, f we contnue to sa at the rate
we do at present, we sha arrve off the sand about the
frst watch of the nght and fear est, n the dar ness, we
may str e upon some of the roc s whch abound under the
sea on that coast: t s better therefore for us to eep out
at sea a nght, carryng ony so much sa as may suffce
to brng us under the sand n the mornng. Ths was the
opnon of the pot: however we made and sooner than he
e pected, and cast anchor at acynthus ust as the sun rose.
The nhabtants of the port, whch was not far dstant
from the cty, foc ed together at our arrva, as to an
unusua spectace. They admred the constructon of our
vesse, framed wth regard both to sze and beauty and
from thence formed an dea of the s and ndustry of
the Phoencans. t more dd they wonder at our un-
common good fortune n havng had so prosperous a pas-
sage, n the mdst of wnter, and at the settng of the
Peades.
most a the shp s company, whe the vesse was
beng moored, hurred off to the cty to buy what thngs
they wanted. stroed about n search of a odgng, some-
where on the shore, for the pot had tod me that we shoud
probaby wnter at acynthus: to reman on board the shp
woud have been very nconvenent, because of the nosy
These sands, mentoned before, e south-west of carnana.
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11 T D TUf
crew, and our fugtves coud not be so we conceaed n
the cty as ther stuaton re ured.
hen had wa ed a tte way, saw an od fsherman
sttng before hs door, and mendng hs nets. approached
and addressed hm Can you nform me, my good frend,
sad , where can hre a odgng t was bro en,
sad he, near yonder promontory, havng caught upon a
roc . Ths was not what n ured, sad but you
woud do me a nd offce f you w ether receve me nto
your own house, or show me another where may be ta en
n. t was not who dd t, warrant you, sad he
was not n the boat od age has not yet so dued the
facutes of Tyrrhenus. t was the faut of the ubbery
boys whch occasoned ths mshap, who, from gnorance of
the reefs, spread ther nets n the wrong pace.
Percevng now that he was hard of hearng, bawed
out at the top of my voce, Good day to you Can you show
us, who are strangers, a pace where we may fnd odgng
The same to you, answered he. Tou may, f you
pease, odge wth me uness, perhaps, you are one of those
who re ure a great many beds and chambers, and have a
arge number of servants wth you. Upon my sayng:
have ony two chdren wth mysef very good
number, he reped, for you w fnd my famy consst of
ony one more. have two sons who ve wth me ther
eder brothers are marred and setted by themseves
have, besdes, the nurse of my chdren, for ther mother
has been some tme dead wherefore, good sr, do not hes-
tate, nor doubt that we sha receve gady one whose frst
aspect s venerabe and prepossessng. accepted hs
offer: and when returned afterwards wth Theagenes and
Charcea, the od fsherman receved us wth great cor-
daty, and assgned us the warmest and most convenent
part of hs habtaton.
The begnnng of the wnter passed here not unpea-
santy. e ved together n the day tme: at nght we
separated. Charcea sept n one apartment, wth the
nurse, n another, wth Theagenes, and Tyrrhenus n a
thrd, wth hs chdren. ur tabe was n common, and
we supped the od man furnshed t abundanty wth
provson from the sea. e fre uenty amused our esure
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T G D C tC . 117
by assstng hm n fshng, n whch art he was very s fu,
and had tac e for t n abundance, and suted for every
season. The coast was convenent for pacng hs nets, and
abounded wth fsh, so that most peope attrbuted hs
success n hs occupaton to hs good fortune aone, whch
was n part, however, owng to hs s . Thus, for some
tme, we ved n peace but t s not permtted to the
unhappy to be ong at ease nor coud the charms of Char-
cea, even n ths sotude, be e empt from dsturbance.
The Tyran merchant, that vctor n the Pythan games,
wth whom we saed, was very annoyng to me he too
every opportunty of pressng me wth earnestness, as a
father, to grant hm Charcea n marrage. e vaunted
hs famy and hs fortune. e sad that the vesse n
whch we saed was entrey hs property and the greatest
part of her cargo, whch conssted of god, precous stones,
and s . e crowned a these, and many other recom-
mendatons of hmsef, wth hs vctory n Greece, whch he
thought refected no sma ustre upon hm. ob ected my
present poverty, and that coud never brng mysef to
dspose of my daughter n a foregn country, and at such
a dstance from gypt. Ta not of poverty, he woud
repy sha esteem the gft of Charcea s hand more
than a porton of a thousand taents. herever she s,
sha oo upon that pace as my country am ready to
change my destned course to Carthage, and sa wth you
wherever you pease.
hen, after some tme, saw the Phoencan rea
nothng of hs mportunty, but that he grew more urgent
every day n hs soctatons, determned to fatter hm
wth faacous hopes, est he shoud offer some voence to
us n the sand, and promsed woud do everythng whch
he wshed when we arrved n gypt. ut had no sooner
thus ueted hm a tte, than a new wave of troube came
rong n upon me.t
n dy. . of Theocrtus, the fsherman s tac e s descrbed
The bas et, rush trap, ne, and reedy shaft,
eed-tanged bats, a drag-net wth ts drops,
oo s, cord Chapman s Tr.
f fa 7r vfa rpoofta v afv,
01 c a npwv a a uv rp vpa,
7ra r af roe sch. P. . 101 .
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118 T D TU
d Tyrrhenus accosted me one day as was wanderng
n a retred part of the coast. My good Caasrs, sad
he, eptune s my wtness, and a the gods, that regard
you as my brother, and your chdren as my own. am
come to dscover to you a gatherng danger whch w occa-
son you great uneasness, but whch cannot, wth any
regard to the aws of hosptaty, concea from one who
odges under my roof, and whch t concerns you much to
be ac uanted wth. nest of prates, conceaed under the
sde of yonder promontory, are yng n wat for your Phoe-
ncan vesse. They are contnuay on the watch for your
sang out of port. cauton you, therefore, to beware,
and to consder what you have to do for t s on your
account, or rather, as suspect, on account of your daugh-
ter, that they have conceved ths audacous desgn, whch
they are but too we prepared for.
May the gods reward you, sad , for your nd
nformaton but, my dear Tyrrhenus, how dd you obtan
your ntegence My trade, he answered, ma es me
ac uanted wth these men ta e fsh to them, for whch
they pay me a better prce than others and yesterday, as
was ta ng up my nets on the shore, Trachnus, the
captan of the prates, came and as ed me f new when
the Phoencans ntended to set sa. , suspectng hs
ntent, reped, that ndeed dd not e acty now, but
supposed that t woud be eary n the sprng. Does the
far maden, who odges at your house, sa wth them
reay don t now, sad . ut why are you so
curous ecause ove her to dstracton, he returned.
dd so at frst sght. never saw a form comparabe to
hers and yet my eyes have been used to beauty, and have
had n my power some of the most charmng captves of a
natons.
wshed to draw hm on a tte, that mght get
ac uanted wth hs desgn. hy, sad , shoud you
attac the Phoencans cannot you ta e her away from my
house wthout boodshed, and before they embar The
regard have for you, he returned, prevents me from
dong ths. There s a sense of honour even among prates
towards frends and ac uantances. f were to carry off
the strangers from your house, t mght brng you nto
some troube they woud probaby be re ured at your
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T G D C C . 11
hands. esdes, by watng for them at sea, obtan two
ends: may ma e mysef master of a rch vesse, as we as
of the mad ove. ne of these must necessary gve
up, f ma e the attempt by and nether woud t be
wthout danger so near the cty: the nhabtants woud
soon become ac uanted wth my enterprze, and pursut
woud be mmedate. prased hs prudence, and eft hm.
now dscover to you the desgn of these vans, and
beseech you to adopt means for the preservaton of yoursef
and your chdren.
avng heard ths, went away n great troube, and
revovng varous thoughts n my mnd, when met, by
accdent, wth my Tyran merchant. e ta ed to me on
the od sub ect, and gave me occason to try hm on a
scheme whch ust then struc me. reated to hm ust
as much of the fsherman s dscovery as thought proper.
tod hm that one of the nhabtants of acynthus, who
was too powerfu for hm to resst, had a desgn to carry off
Charcea. or my part, added, had much rather
gve her to you, as we on account of our ac uantance as
of your opuent condton and, above a, because you have
promsed to sette n our country after your marrage f,
therefore, you have ths aance much at heart, we must
sa from hence n a haste, before we are prevented, and
voence s offered. e was much peased at hearng me
ta n ths manner. Tou are much n the rght, my
father, he sad and, approachng, ssed my head, and
as ed me when woud have hm to set sa, for though the
sea was at ths season hardy navgabe, yet we mght
ma e some other port, and so, escapng from the snares
ad for us here, mght wat wth patence the approach
of sprng. f, reped, my wshes have weght wth
you, woud sa ths very nght. e t so, sad he, and
went away.
returned home. sad nothng to Tyrrhenus but
tod my chdren that, at the cose of the day, they must
embar agan on board the vesse. They wondered at ths
sudden order, and as ed the reason of t. e cused mysef
from e panng t then but sad, t was absoutey neces-
sary that t shoud be obeyed. fter a moderate supper retred to rest but had no
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120 T D T TU
sooner faen aseep, than an od man seemed to appear to
me, n a dream wthered and ean, n other respects, but
showng, from the muscuar appearance of hs nees, the
mar s of former strength. e had a hemet on hs head
hs countenance was ntegent and shrewd, and he seemed
to drag one thgh after hm, as f t had been wounded. e
approached me, and sad wth a sarcastc sme, Do you
aone treat me wth contempt those who have saed
by Cephaene, have been desrous to vst my habtaton,
and to contempate my gory you ony seem to despse me,
and have not gven me so much as a common sautaton,
though you dwe n my neghbourhood. ut you sha
soon suffer for ths neggence and sha e perence the
same caamtes, and encounter the same enemes, both by
sea and and, whch have done. ut address the maden
you have wth you n the name of my consort she sautes
her, as she s a great patroness of chastty, and foretes her,
at ast, a fortunate ssue to a her troubes.
started up, trembng, at the vson. Theagenes as ed
what aed me. e sha be too ate, sad , for the shp s
sang out of port t s ths thought whch has dsturbed
and awa ened me but do you get up and coect our bag-
gage, and w go and see for Charcea. he appeared at
my frst summons: Tyrrhenus, too, got up, and n ured
what we were about. hat we are dong, sad , s by
your advce we are endeavourng to escape from those who
are yng n wat for us and may the gods preserve and
reward you for a your goodness to us: but do you add ths
to a the favours you have aready bestowed upon us pass,
pray you, nto thaca, and sacrfce for us to Uysses, and
beseech hm to moderate the anger whch he has conceved
aganst us, and sgnfed to me ths nght n a dream. e
promsed he woud do so, and accompaned us to the shp,
sheddng tears abundanty, and wshng us a prosperous
voyage, and a sorts of happness. n short, as soon as the
mornng star appeared, we set sa, much aganst the w of
the crew, who were wth dffcuty persuaded by the Tyran
merchant, when they ere tod, that t was n order to
escape from a prate, who ay n wat for them. e new
not that what he thought a fcton, was the sober truth.
Uysses.
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T D C . 121
e encountered adverse wnds, a sweng sea, and
amost contnua tempests we ost one of our rudders had
our yard-arms much n ured, and were n mmnent danger
of pershng, when we reached a promontory of Crete: here
we determned to stay a few days, to repar our vesse and
refresh ourseves. e dd so, and f ed for puttng agan
to sea the frst day of the new moon, after her con uncton
wth the sun.
e set sa, wth a gente south-west wnd, drectng
our course towards frca, whch our pot used a hs en-
deavours to reach as soon as he coud for he sad he had
for some tme observed a vesse hoverng at a dstance,
whch he too for a prate. ver snce we eft Crete, says
he, she has foowed us she steers the same course, and
wthout doubt t s by desgn, not accdent for have often
changed my trac , on purpose to see f she woud do the
same, and she has aways nvaraby done so. great part
of the crew were aarmed at ths ntegence, and began to
e hort each other to prepare for defence others negected
t, and sad t was a very common thng for sma shps to foow n the wa e of arger ones, for the sa e of beng
drected n ther way.
he they were thus dsputng, evenngt approached
the wnd sac ened graduay, breathed genty on the sas
and now made them futter a tte, but hardy sweed them
at a. t ength t subsded nto a dead cam, settng wth
the sun, or retrng, as may say, to gve advantage to our
pursuers for whe there was a fresh gae our shp, spread-
ng more canvas, far out-saed them but when the wnd
dropped, when the sea was smooth, and we were drven to
ma e use of our oars, ths ght and sma vesse soon came
up wth our arge and heavy one. hen they came near,
one of the crew, an nhabtant of acynthus, cred out: e
shp had one, but more commony two rudders. ( ee cts v. 40.)
n the Caspan ea, where the od practce not ong ago remaned n force,
a modern traveer was neary shpwrec ed, because the rudders were n
the hands of two pots who spo e dfferent anguages. To obvate such
dsasters among the ancents, the same steersman hed both ters, f
the boat was sma. n arger shps the e tremtes of the hems
were oned by a poe, whch was moved by one man and ept the
rudders aways parae. mth s Gree and om. nt .
f )v pv ) r g yutpaz ore aporpov (3ov tv epoT yr rovoc. d-
verbay n omer, fov vrov, at eventde. . v. 77 .
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122 T D TU
are undone, ths s a prate crew: am we ac uanted wth
the shp of Trachnus.
e were thunderstruc at ths ntegence, and, n
the mdst of a sea cam, our vesse shoo wth a tempest of
confuson t was fu of tumut, amentaton, and hurryng
up and down. ome ran nto the hod others encouraged
one another to resst and fght a thrd party were for get-
tng nto the boat, and so attemptng an escape. he
they were thus n confuson, and mutuay hnderng each
other, the approach of danger put an end to ther dsputes,
and every one sezed upon the weapon whch was nearest
to hm.
Charcea and mysef, embracng Theagenes, were hardy
abe to restran hs ardent sprt whch was bong for
the fght she assurng hm that death shoud not separate
them but that the same sword whch wounded hm, shoud
put an end to her fe. , as soon as new that t was
Trachnus who pursued us, began to consder how best to
promote our future safety. The prates comng cose up
wth us, crossed our course, and beng very desrous of ta ng
us, dd not use ther arms but rowng round us, prevented
our farther progress, e besegers wshng to ma e us sur-
render upon terms. oos, they cred out, why are you
so mad as to ma e a show of defence aganst so superor a
force drawng upon yourseves certan destructon e
are as yet dsposed to treat you ndy you may even now,
f you pease, get nto your boats, and save your ves.
o ong as a boodess war was waged, the Phoencans
were bod enough and refused to ut the vesse. ut
when one of the prates, more darng than hs feows, eapt
nto the shp, and began to cut at them rght and eft wth
hs sword, and they became sensbe that the matter was
now serous, and that wounds and bood must sette t, they
repented of ther bodness, fe at ther enemes feet, begged
for uarter, and promsed to do whatever they were or-
dered.
The prates, athough they had aready begun the fght,
and though the sght of bood commony whets the angry
passons, yet, at the command of Trachnus, une pectedy
spared the suppants. truce ensued, but a truce more
dreadfu, perhaps, than batte: t had the name of peace,
but war woud have been scarcey ess grevous. The con-
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T G D C . 123
dtons of t were, that every man shoud ut the shp, wth
a snge garment, and death was denounced aganst anyone who shoud voate these terms. ut fe, t seems, a
preferred by man nd before a other thngs and the
Tyrans (robbed as they were of ther shp and weath), as f they had ganed rather than ost, contended wth each
other who shoud be the frst to eap nto the boat and so
preserve ther ves.
hen we came nto hs presence, accordng to com-
mand, Trachnus, ta ng Charcea by the hand sad e
wage not war aganst you, my charmer athough the hos-
ttes are underta en on your account. have a aong
been foowng you, ever snce you eft acynthus, despsng
for your sa e the sea and danger be of good cheer, then,
w ma e you mstress, wth mysef, of a these rches.
t s the part of prudence to seze upon the opportunty.
o she, rememberng some of my nstructons, smoothed
her brow, whch ths sudden storm had ruffed, and com-
posed her countenance to wnnng smes. gve the gods
than s, says she, for nsprng you wth mercfu sent-
ments towards us but f you woud wn, and eep my con-
fdence, gve me ths frst mar of your good-w preserve
to me my brother and my father, and do not order them to
ut the shp, for cannot ve wthout them and wth
ths she fe at hs feet, and embraced hs nees.
Trachnus, thrng wth peasure at her touch, that he mght en oy t the onger, purposey deayed grantng her
re uest. t ast, meted by her tears, and subdued by her
oo s, he rased her up, and sad grant your prayer, as
to your brother wth peasure, he seems a youth of sprt
and may hep us n our trade but as for the od man, who
s but useess umber, f preserve hm, t s ony out of
great regard to your entreates.
he ths was passng the sun set, and the dus of
twght surrounded us the sea began to swe on a sudden,
whether on account of the change of season, or the w of
fortune, now not the sound of rsng wnd was heard.
n a moment t swept down upon the sea, n stormy gusts,
and fed the hearts of the prates wth tumut and appre-
henson for they were overta en wth t after they had
aphae has chosen ths ncdent for the sub ect of a pantng.
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124 T D TU
eft ther own bar , and had got on board our shp for
the sa e of punder ths, from ts sze, they were un-
used to, and unabe to manage: ther seamanshp was a
e temporsed and sef-taught, each for hmsef, body e er-
csed some department of hs art. ome fured the sas,
others cumsy pued the ropes one bunger ran to the
prow,f another attempted to manage the ter at the stern
so that we were n mmnent danger, not so much from the
fury of the storm, whch was not yet very voent, as from
the gnorance and uns funess of the saors and pot, who
as ong as there was any gmmerng of ght, made a show
of resstng the tempest but, when dar ness overshadowed
us, totay gave the matter up. The waves now burst over us,
and we were n per of gong to the bottom, when some of
the prates made an attempt to get agan on board of ther
own bar , but were hndered and stopped by the rage of the
ncreasng tempest, and by the e hortatons of Trachnus
who tod them, that f they woud preserve the shp on
board of whch they were, together wth ts weath, they
mght buy a thousand such boats as ther own. t ength
he cut the cabe by whch t was ept n tow, mantanng,
that t mght be the cause of a fresh storm to them, and
that by so dong he provded for ther future securty for
f they shoud touch at any port, brngng an empty bar
wth them, an n ury woud naturay be made as to ts
crew. s comrades approved of what he had done, and
found hm to have shown hs sense n two respects for they
fet the shp a good dea eased after the bar was turned
adrft, but the tempest was by no means appeased they
were st tossed by wave foowng upon wave, the vesse
suffered much n ury, and was n great danger. avng
wth dffcuty weathered the nght, we drove a the ne t
day, and towards the end of t made and, near the era-
ceotc mouth of the e, and, aganst our ws, dsem-
bar ed on the coast of gypt. ur companons were fu
of oy we were overcome wth gref, and we fet -w to
eptune for our preservaton we shoud have preferred a
death free from nsut at sea, to a more dreadfu e pectaton
rav vavr ag ff dd ro.
n the dutes of the rpypvg and the amount of nautca s
re ured n the pot, see Potter s nt . . 144 14 .
rp fau era r og avvof vav.
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T G C D C C . 12
on and, and a contnua e posure to the awess ws of the
prates. They began to act n accordance wth ther nature
on andng for, proposng to offer a sacrfce of than sgvng
to eptune, they brought Tyran wne, and other re ustes
for the ceremony, out of the shp and sent some of ther
comrades wth store of money nto the country, to buy up
catte, bddng them pay whatever prce was as ed. s
soon as these returned wth a whoe herd of sheep and
swne, the prates who had stayed behnd mmedatey set
fre to a pe, sacrfced the vctms, and prepared the feast.
Trachnus too an opportunty of eadng me asde, and
thus addressed me ather, have betrothed your
daughter to mysef and am preparng to ceebrate the
marrage ths very day, combnng the most deghtsome
festva wth ths sacrfce to the gods. That you may par-
ta e cheerfuy of the approachng entertanment, and that
you may nform your daughter, who, hope, w receve the
ntmaton wth oy, gve you ths prevous notce of my
ntentons not that want your consent to put them n
e ecuton my power s a pedge for the performance of my
w: but have thought t fttng and auspcous to receve
a wng brde from the hands of a parent, who sha have
before apprsed and persuaded her.
pretended approva of what he sad, and gave than s
to the gods who had destned my daughter to the honour of
beng hs spouse and then retrng, began to consder
what coud do n ths con uncture. soon returned, and
besought hm that the nuptas mght be ceebrated wth
greater pomp and crcumstance than he seemed to hnt at
that he woud assgn the vesse as a brda chamber for
Charcea that he woud gve orders that none mght enter
or dsturb her there, that she mght have tme to get ready
her weddng dress, and ma e other needfu preparatons for
the ceremony for t woud be most unseemy, that she,
whose famy was ustrous, and weath consderabe and
above a, she who was about to be the brde of Trachnus,
shoud not have what preparaton and ornament the present
occason woud permt athough the shortness of the notce,
and nconvenence of the pace, woud not aow the cee-
braton of the nuptas wth that spendour whch was beft-
tng ther staton.
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12 T D TU
Trachnus was over oyed at hearng me ta n ths man-
ner and sad he woud, wth the greatest peasure, order
everythng as desred. n conse uence of ths, he gave strct
drectons that no one shoud approach the shp after they had
ta en everythng out of t they wanted. They conveyed out
tabes, cups, carpets, canopes the wor s of Tyran and
donan hands, and every re uste for mnsterng to and
adornng a feast. They carred n dsorder upon ther
shouders, heaps of rch furnture and utenss, coected
wth great care and parsmony, but now destned to be de-
fed by the centousness of a tumutuous entertanment.
too Theagenes, and went to Charcea we found her
weepng. Tou are accustomed, my daughter, sad , to
these reverses, and yet you ament as f they were new to
you. as any fresh msfortune happened
verythng s unfortunate, she reped above a, the
fata passon of Trachnus, whch there s now but too much
reason to fear, both from hs crcumstances and opportu-
ntes, that he w soon attempt to gratfy. Une pected
success nfames the desres of a centous mnd but he
sha have reason .to rue hs detested ove. Death, certan
death, sha wthdraw me from hs pursut: yet the thought
of beng dvded from you, and from Theagenes, f such a sepa-
raton shoud become necessary, dssoves me nto tears.
Tour con ectures are but too true, reped: Trachnus
s resoved to turn the entertanment, whch usuay foows
a sacrfce, nto a nupta ceremony, and there you are to be
the vctm. e dscovered hs desgn to me, as to your
father but was ong ago ac uanted wth hs voent
passon for you, even ever snce the conversaton whch
had wth Tyrrhenus, at acynthus. ut conceaed what
new, that mght not prematurey affct you wth the
dread of mpendng caamty, especay as had hopes of
escapng t. ut snce, my chdren, fate has ordered other-
wse, and we are now n such hazardous crcumstances et
us dare some nobe and sudden deed et us meet ths e -
tremty of danger courageousy, and ether preserve our
ves wth bravery and freedom, or resgn them wth fort-
ee v. 2 .
... Mantes of a hues, accompsh wor s
f far donans wafted o er the deep.
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T G MD C . 127
tude and honour. hen they had promsed to act as
shoud order, and had drected them what they were to
do, eft them to prepare themseves, and sought the prate
ne t n command to Trachnus. s name, thn , was
Peorus: accosted hm and tod hm that had somethng
agreeabe to dscose to hm. e foowed me ready to
a retred pace, and went on:
on, sad , hear n few words, what have to say to
you the opportunty admts not of deay, or ong ds-
course to be bref, my daughter s n ove wth you. o
wonder you have fascnated her wth your appearance, but
she suspects that your captan w seze ths opportunty of
the sacrfce to marry her hmsef: for he has ordered her to
be dressed and adorned as eeganty as her present tme
admts of. Consder then how you may best frustrate hs
ntenton, and obtan the damse for yoursef, who says she
w rather de than become the spouse of Trachnus. Pe-
orus stened eagery to me: and then reped, e of good
cheer, father have ong fet an e ua affecton for your
daughter, and was see ng an opportunty of gettng nto
her good graces. Trachnus therefore sha ether voun-
tary resgn ths maden to me (to whom besdes, have a
ust cam, as havng been the frst to board your vesse), or
he sha fee the weght of my hand, and hs nuptas sha
bear btter fruts. fter ths conversaton retred, that
mght rase no suspcon. went to my chdren com-
forted them tod them that our scheme was n a very
good tran. supped afterwards wth our captors. hen
observed them warm wth wne, and ready to be uarre-
some, sad softy to Peorus (for had desgnedy paced
mysef near hm), ave you seen how the maden s
adorned o, sad he. Tou may then, f you
pease, returned, f you w go aboard the vesse pr-
vatey though, for Trachnus has forbdden a access to t.
Tou may there see her sttng, e the goddess Dana but
moderate your transports tase no freedoms, est you draw
down death both on yoursef and her.
fter ths he too the frst opportunty of wthdrawng
secrety, and entered wth a speed nto the shp. e there
behed Charcea, wth a crown of aure on her head, and
refugent n a god-embrodered robe, (for she had dressed
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128 T D TU
hersef n her sacred Dephc garments, whch mght, as the
event shoud turn out, be ether funerea or trumphant)
everythng about her was spendd, and bore the sembance
of a brda chamber. Peorus was a on fre at the sght.
Desre and eaousy raged n hs bosom. e returned to
the company, wth a oo whch ndcated some furous de-
sgn. carcey had he sat down, when he bro e out hy
have not receved the reward whch s usty due to me for
havng frst boarded our prze ecause you have not
demanded t, reped Trachnus. esdes, there has yet
been no dvson of the booty. demand then, sad
Peorus, the maden whom we have ta en, s any
thng but her, sad the captan, and you sha have t.
Then, returned the other, you brea cutter s aw, whch
assgns to the frst who boards an enemy s shp, and meets
the danger, the free and unrestrcted choce of ta ng what
he w. do not mean to brea our prvate aw, sad
Trachnus but rest upon another aw, whch commands
you a to be obedent to your captan. have a voent
affecton for ths maden propose to marry her and
thn have a rght, n ths nstance, to a preference: f you
oppose my w, ths cup whch hod n my hand, sha
ma e you rue your opposton. Peorus, gancng hs eyes
on hs companons ee, says he, the guerdon of our
tos ust so may each of you be deprved of your rewards
ow, ausces, sha descrbe the scene whch foowed
Tou mght compare the company to the sea agtated by a
sudden s ua of wnd: rage and wne hurred them head-
ong nto the wdest e cesses of tumut. ome too part
wth ther captan, others wth hs opponent some caed
out to obey ther captan, others to vndcate the voated
aw. t ength Trachnus rased hs arm n act to hur a
gobet at Peorus but at that nstant the other punged a
dagger nto hs sde, and he fe dead on the spot. The fray
now became genera: dreadfu bows were deat on a sdes
some n revenge of ther captan, others n support of Pe-
orus wounds were nfcted and receved by stc s and
stones, by cups and tabes shouts of vctory and groans of
defeat resounded everywhere. retred as far as coud
from the tumut, and ganng a rsng ground, became, from
a secure spot, a spectator of the dreadfu scene. Theagenes
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T G D C C . 12
and Charcea dd not escape a share n t for he, as had
been before agreed upon, oned hmsef sword n hand, to
one of the partes, and fought wth the utmost fury she,
when she saw the fght began, shot her arrows from the
shp, sparng ony Theagenes. he hersef dd not on
ether sde, but amed at the frst far mar she saw, hersef
beng a the whe conceaed, but suffcenty dscoverng her
enemes by the ght of ther fres and torches: they, gno-
rant of the hand whch smote them, thought t a prodgy,
and a stro e from heaven.
the crew besdes beng now stretched on the ground,
Theagenes was eft cosey engaged n fght wth Peorus, an
antagonst of tred courage, e ercsed n many a scene of
boodshed. Charcea coud now no onger assst hm wth her
shafts, she dreaded est n ths hand-to-hand engagement, she
mght wound her over nstead of hs antagonst. The event
of the fght was for some tme doubtfu at ength Peorus
began to gve way. Charcea, deprved of a other means of
assstng hm, encouraged hm wth her voce. e strong,
she cred out, be of good cheer, ta e courage, my fe
er words nspred her over wth fresh sprt and reso-
uton: they remnded hm, that she, the prze of vctory,
st ved. egardess of severa wounds whch he had re-
ceved, he now made a desperate effort, rushed upon Peo-
rus, and amed a fearfu sword-cut at hs head a sudden
swerve occasoned hm to mss hs bow, but hs bade
descended on hs enemy s shouder, and opped off hs arm
above the ebow. The barbaran now had recourse to fght
Theagenes pursued hm. hat foowed am not abe to
reate he came bac wthout my percevng t. st re-
maned on the emnence to whch had retred, not darng,
n the nght tme, to proceed any farther n a hoste country.
ut he had not escaped the eye of Charcea. saw hm at
brea of day yng, n a manner, dead she sttng by, a-
mentng, and ready to hersef upon hm, but restraned
by a gmmerng of hope that he mght st survve. ,
thunderstruc at the suddenness wth whch our msfortunes
by and had succeeded those by sea, was not abe to spea .
coud nether n ure nto the partcuars of the stuaton
n whch he had returned, nor attempt to comfort her, nor
reeve hm.
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130 T D TT
t brea of day, after had descended from my em-
nence, saw a band of gyptan prates comng down from
a mountan whch overoo ed the sea. n a twn ng they
had sezed, and were carryng off, the youthfu par, together
wth what punder they coud ta e wth them from the shp.
foowed them at a dstance, amentng my own, and my
chdren s msfortunes, unabe to succour them, and thn ng
t best not to on them chershng some fant hope of
future assstance. ut soon fet my own unftness for
the tas , beng eft far behnd by the gyptans, and unabe
to foow them through steep and rugged roads. nce that
tme, unt the recovery of my daughter, by the favour of
the gods, and your goodness, ausces, my days have
passed n sorrow and tears.
avng sad ths, he wept. who heard hm wept wth
hm and a amentaton, not whoy unm ed wth peasure,
pervaded the whoe company. Tears ready fow when the
head s warm wth wne. t ength ausces apped hm-
sef to comfort Caasrs.
ather, sad he, be of good cheer, you have aready
recovered your daughter, and ths nght aone dvdes you
from the presence of your son. To-morrow we w wat
upon Mthranes, and do a n our power to ransom and free
Theagenes. o wsh s nearer to my heart, reped Ca-
asrs, but t s now tme to brea up our entertanment:
et us remember the gods, and on wth our batons,
than sgvng for my chd s deverance. Upon ths the
vases for baton were carred round, and the company ds-
persed.
Caasrs oo ed about for Charcea and havng ong
watched the crowd as they came out, and not seeng her, at
ength he n ured for her of one of the women, and by her
nformaton went nto the tempe, where he found her faen
nto a deep seep, embracng the feet of the mage of the
dety, weared by ong prayer, and e hausted by gref. e
dropped a tear over her, breathed out a petton for her hap-
pness, and, genty wa ng her, conducted her to hs odgng,
bushng at her mprudence, n havng suffered hersef to be
surprsed by seep n such a pace. ere, n her chamber,
ee oo .
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T G T) C C . 131
wth the daughter of ausces, she ad hersef down to
rest, but wa efuness compeed her to rumnate upon her
sorrows.
.
Caasrs and Cnemon betoo themseves to ther apart-
ments on the men s sde of the house, and composed them-
seves to rest. The nght was uc y past, great part of t
havng been consumed n the precedng feast, and subse-
uent narraton but t passed too sowy for ther mpa-
tence and amost before day they were up, and presented
themseves to ausces, urgng hm to nform them where
he thought Theagenes was, and to ead them to hm as soon
as possbe. e was not sow n compyng wth ther re-
uest, and they set out under hs drecton. Charcea was
very earnest to accompany them, but they pressed, and at
ast obged, her to reman where she was ausces assur-
ng her that they were not gong far, and that they woud
soon return, and brng Theagenes wth them. ere then
they eft her, struggng between sorrow for ther departure,
and oy for the promsed hope of seeng her over.
They had scarcey got out of the vage, and were pro-
ceedng aong the ban s of the e, when they saw a
crocode creepng from the rght sde of the rver to the eft,
and ma ng hs way swfty down the stream. The rest of
the party beng used to the sght, regarded t wth ndffer-
ence, athough Caasrs secrety thought that t portended
some mpedment n ther e pedton. ut Cnemon was
very much frghtened at ts appearance, though he coud
hardy be sad to have seen the anma tsef, but had rather
had a gmpse of the shadow: he was so terrfed as amost
to run away. ausces burst nto a augh. Cnemon,
sad Caasrs, thought you were apt to be terrfed ony
n the dar ness and obscurty of the nght but see your
courage shows tsef even n the day-tme. t s not ony
names that affrght you, but the commonest and most
every-day appearance puts you ute nto a trepdaton.
ee oo .
2
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132 T D TU P
Prthee te me what god, or what demon s t, sad
ausces, whose name ths vaant Grecan cannot bear
f t were the name of a dety, reped the od man,
there mght be somethng n t but t s the appeaton
of a morta, and that not of a ceebrated hero, nor even of a
man but of a wea woman, and, as he says, of a dead one
too, at the menton of whch he s dsordered and trembes.
That nght n whch you returned from the buccaneers,
brngng wth you my dearest Charcea, ths sad name was,
somehow or other, mentoned n hs hearng: t put hm
nto such an agtaton, that he had no seep a nght, nor
suffered me to en oy any he was haf dead wth fear, and
had the greatest dffcuty n the word to brng hm to hm-
sef and were not afrad of terrfyng, or gvng hm pan,
woud now menton the name, that you mght augh the
more : and mmedatey he uttered the word Thsbe. ut
ausces dd not augh, as he e pected he became grave
and pensve, doubtng and ponderng why and by reason of
what ntmacy Cnemon fet so much at the menton of Thsbe.
Cnemon upon ths burst out nto an mmoderate ft of
aughter n hs turn. ee, sad he, my dear Caasrs,
the mghty magc of ths name t s not ony a bugbear
whch dsturbs, as you say, a my facutes, but t has the
same effect upon ausces wth ths dfference, however,
that the certanty of her death ncnes me to aughter, when
the same news seems to ma e hm sorrowfu, who was be-
fore so dsposed to be merry at the e pense of others.
pare me, sad ausces you have suffcenty revenged
yoursef: but con ure you by the gods of hosptaty
and frendshp by the nd and sncere recepton whch
you have met wth at my house and tabe that you w te
me how you became so we ac uanted wth the name of
Thsbe whether you reay have nown her, or ony pre-
tend to have done so, out of sport, and to ve me t
s now your turn, Cnemon, sad Caasrs, to turn narra-
tor. Tou have fre uenty promsed to ma e me ac uanted
wth your condton and adventures, and as often, on some
prete t or other, have put t off: you cannot have a better
opportunty of dong so than the present: you w obge
both ausces and me and ghten, by your story, the
fatgues of our ourney.
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T G D C C . 133
Cnemon suffered hmsef to be persuaded, and entered
upon hs hstory, reatng brefy, what he had before tod
more at ength to Theagenes and Charcea That he was
an thenan that hs father was rstppus, and hs step-
mother Demseneta her e ecrabe ove, and the snares she
ad for hm on ts dsappontment, by the mnstry of Thsbe
the partcuars of these hs fght from hs country, and
condemnaton as a parrcde hs e e at gna hs hear-
ng from Charas of the death of Demaeneta, betrayed by her
own wc ed assstant Thsbe what ntces reated to hm
of the dstress hs father fe nto the famy of Demaeneta
combnng aganst hm, and persuadng the peope that he
had murdered her the fght of Thsbe from thens, wth a
aucratan merchant, who was n ove wth her hs sang
wth ntces to gypt, n search of Thsbe n order, f he
coud fnd her, to brng her bac to thens, to cear hs
father, and punsh her the varous dffcutes and dangers
he went through, both by sea and prates how, havng es-
caped these, and arrved n gypt, he was agan ta en by
the prates hs meetng and connecton wth Theagenes
and Charcea the death of Thsbe and every thng n
order, t he came to hs meetng wth Caasrs and au-
sces, and to those facts and events wth whch they were
ac uanted.
ausces meanwhe revoved a thousand thoughts n hs
mnd now he was about to dscose a hs transactons wth
Thsbe, and now ncned to defer t to another opportunty
but hs eagerness for spea ng had amost got the better of
hm, when some remans of reserve, and an accdent whch
happened by the way, prevented hs unbosomng hmsef for
the present. They had traveed about eght mes, and
were near to the vage where Mthranes dwet, when au-
sces meetng an ac uantance, n ured whther he was
gong n so much haste.
Do you not now, he reped, that a my e ertons
have now but one am, that of e ecutng the behests of
sas of Chemms abour for her, suppy her wth
every thng she wants. wa e day and nght n her ser-
vce. refuse no commsson, sma or great, whch the
dear sas mposes on me, though to and oss are a have
htherto gotten for my pans. am now ma ng what
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134 T D TU
haste can wth ths brd whch you see, a famngo of the
e, carryng t to my mstress, accordng to her com-
mands. hat an amabe mstress you have got, sad
ausces, how ght are her commands how fortunate
you are that she has not ordered you to brng her a phoen ,
nstead of a phcsncopter he does a these thngs,
sad the other, out of wanton sport to ma e a est of me -
but may as where you are bendng your course
hen he had earned that they were gong to Mthranes
Tou are on a seeveess errand, sad he, for Mthranes
s not now here he has ths evenng ed out hs troops on
an e pedton aganst the buccaneers of essus for Thyams,
ther eader, has made an ncurson nto hs terrtores, and
ta en from, hm one of hs captves, a Grecan youth, whom
he was preparng to send to roondates, at Memphs and
from thence, as suppose, as a present to the Great ng.
ut must be gone to sas, (who s now, perhaps, oo ng
for me wth eager eyes), est my deay offend my charmer
she s but too ready to seze a pretence, however sght, to
fout and uarre wth me. he these words were yet
n hs mouth, he hurred off, eavng hs hearers confused
andstupfed at hs tdngs.
ausces was the frst who bro e sence. e tred to
encourage hs companons and tod them, that they ought
not to ose heart, and entrey ay asde ther underta ng,
on account of ths short and temporary dsappontment.
That now, ndeed, t was necessary to return to Chemns,
as we to consut upon what they had farther to do, as to
ma e preparatons for a onger e pedton, whch must be
underta en n search of Theagenes, whether he was wth the
buccaneers or anywhere ese but that he had good hopes
brd, the brans and tongue of whch were hghy esteemed by
oman epcures. ch men s saves used to ta e essons n carvng
ths, and other choce dshes, practsng upon wooden modes.
umne cum magno epus, at ue aper et pygargus,
t cythcse voucres, et phoencopterus ngens,
t Gfftuus ory , hebet autssma ferro,
Csedtur, et tota sonat umea ccena uburrd.
uv. . 138.
Those who are curous n the matter of good eatng among the
ancents, may read wth advantage the east of Trmaco, n Petronus
rbter, and the concudng chorus n the ccesazusse of rstophanes.
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T G D C . 13
of fndng and recoverng hm: for he conceved that t was
not wthout some nd nterposton of Provdence, that
they had so fortunatey met wth an ac uantance whose
ntegence put them nto the rght trac , and pany
ponted out to them the prate-settement, as the frst pace
where they were to see ther frend.
They assented, wthout dffcuty, to hs proposa what
they had heard gvng them a gmmerng hope, and Cnemon
prvatey assurng Caasrs that he was sure that Thyams
woud watch over the safety of Theagenes. They deter-
mned therefore to return to Chemms, where, beng arrved,
they found Charcea at the house door, wth outstretched
nec and eager eyes, oo ng on every sde for ther appear-
ance. s soon as she saw them, and no Theagenes wth
them, fetchng a deep and meanchoy sgh re you
aone she cred, ather Do you return even as you set
out Theagenes then s no more Te me, by the gods
beseech you, f you have any tdngs for me and whatever
they may be, do not ncrease my msery by deayng them.
There s a degree of humanty n dscoverng uc y unfor-
tunate ntegence: the sou coects at once a ts powers
of resstance, and the shoc s sooner over.
Cnemon hastenng to repress her rsng angush ow
ready are you, sad he, to forete caamtes Tou gene-
ray, however, prove a fase prophetess, and so far you do
we Theagenes s not ony vng, but, trust n the gods,
safe - and he tod her, brefy, n what condton, and
where he was. h, Cnemon sad Caasrs, one woud
thn , from what you say, that you had never been n ove
Do not you now that they who reay ove are apprehen-
sve of the sghtest trfes, and beeve ony ther own eyes,
when the stuaton of ther overs s concerned bsence
aways fs ther angushng sous wth fear and torment
they magne that nothng but the most nvncbe necessty
can ever ma e them separate from each other. orgve,
Charcea, therefore, who abours under the e tremty of
ths passon, and et us enter the house, and consder what
we have to do and ta ng Charcea s hand, and sooth-
ng her wth paterna tenderness, he ed her n.
ausces, wng to soace hs f rends after ther fatgues,
and havng, besdes, a farther prvate end of hs own, pre-
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13 T D TU
pared a more than usuay choce entertanment for them
aone and hs daughter, whom he commanded to dress and
adorn hersef wth uncommon bravery and spendour. To-
wards the end of the feast he thus addressed them:
ca the gods to wtness, my frends, that your com-
pany s so agreeabe to me, that shoud be happy f you
woud spend the remander of your ves here, and en oy, n
common wth me, my weath and peasures. wsh to con-
sder you so much more n the ght of frends than guests,
that sha thn nothng too much whch can bestow upon,
or parta e wth you. am ready aso to gve you every
advce and assstance n my power, towards the recovery of
your ost reaton, as ong as can stay wth you but you
now that am a merchant, and that t s by ths professon
that procure and ncrease my substance. nd now, as
the west wnds have set n favouraby, have opened the sea
for navgaton, and promse a prosperous season, my affars
ca oudy upon me to sa nto Greece. am very desrous,
therefore, of hearng what you propose to do, that may
endeavour, as much as possbe, to accommodate my schemes
to yours. ere he paused and Caasrs, after a short
pause, answered hm : 0 ausces may your voyage be
fortunate may ermes, the patron of gan, and eptune
the preserver, protect and accompany your e pedton may
they ead you through smooth seas, may they ma e every
haven safe every cty easy of access to you, and every
nhabtant favourabe to your underta ngs these are the
sncere and gratefu wshes of those whom you have re-
ceved, and now, at ther own re uest, dsmss after observ-
ng the e act aw of frendshp and hosptaty. Though t
s grevous and panfu to us to eave you, and to depart
from your house, whch wth so much generosty you have
taught us n a manner to consder as our own yet t s
ncumbent upon, and unavodabe for us, to appy ourseves
mmedatey to the search and recovery of our ost frend.
Ths s the f ed purpose of mysef and Charcea: et Cne-
mon spea for hmsef whether he had rather gratfy us,
by accompanyng us n our wanderngs, or has any other
pro ect n hs mnd. Cnemon seemed now desrous of
answerng n hs turn and, preparng to spea , fetched, on
a sudden, a deep sgh, and tears for some tme stopped hs
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T G D C C . 137
utterance: at ength coectng and composng hmsef as
we as he coud, he sad
fortune, fc e and uncertan goddess how dost thou
shower down msfortunes upon us mserabe mortas but
upon none have thy persecutons been e erted wth more
unremttng severty than upon me. Tou deprved me of
my famy and father s house banshed me from my country
and frends after a ong nterva of caamtes whch pass
over, shpwrec ed me upon the coast of gypt devered
me over to prates shewed me, at ast, a gmmerng of
comfort, by ma ng me ac uanted wth men, unfortunate,
ndeed, e mysef, but at the same tme Gree s, and such
as hoped to spend the remander of my fe wth but
now you deprve me of ths consoaton, where sha turn
mysef hat ought to do ha desert Charcea,
who has not yet recovered Theagenes That woud be n-
famous and abomnabe r sha foow and attend her
n her search f there were a probabe prospect of fndng
hm, the hope of success woud sweeten, and authorze my
tos but f that e pectaton s dstant and uncertan, and
the underta ng dscouragng and dffcut, who can te
where my wanderngs w end May not, then, hope that
you, and the detes of frendshp, w forgve me, f ven-
ture to menton a return to my famy and country espe-
cay snce the gods offer me so unoo ed-for an oppor-
tunty, n the voyage whch ausces proposes ma ng nto
Greece. ught to et sp so favourabe an occason
snce, shoud any thng have happened to my father, hs
house w be eft desoate, and hs name and estate wthout
a successor: and though may be destned to spend the
remander of my days n poverty, yet t w be desrabe and
rght n me, to preserve n my own person the remnant of
my race. ut, Charcea am most an ous to e cuse
mysef to you, and to beg your forgveness, whch beseech
you to grant me. w foow you as far as the uar-
ters of the buccaners and w beg the favour of au sces, however pressed he may be n tme, to wat for me
so ong. f perchance shoud be so fortunate as to dever
you there nto the hands of Theagenes, sha then appear to
have been a fathfu guardan of the precous depost whch
has faen under my care, and sha set out on my own e pe-
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138 T D TU
dton wth uc y omens, and a uet conscence. ut f
(whch the gods forbd ) shoud be deceved n ths hope,
sha st, trust, appear e cusabe, n that have gone
0 far, and have not eft you aone, but n the hands of
the e ceent Caasrs, your father, and best preserver.
Charcea meanwhe con ecturng, from many crcum-
stances, that Cnemon was n ove wth the daughter of au-
sces (for one who s hersef enamoured most easy detects
the e affectons n another), and seeng, from the beha-
vour and e pressons of . ausces, that he was very desrous
for the aance, that he had ong been wor ng at t, and
endeavourng to aure Cnemon nto t and thn ng t,
besdes, not perfecty proper, or free from suspcon, that he
shoud any onger be the companon of her ourney My
frend, sad she, et us entreat you to act as s most
agreeabe to yoursef: receve our best and most gratefu
than s for a the favours you have bestowed upon us, and
the good offces you have performed. or the future we
have not so much need of your cares and attenton, nor s
there now any necessty that you shoud endanger your own
fortunes, by watng any onger upon ours. Go, then, under
happy auspces, to thens may you there agan fnd your
famy, and recover your estate. t woud be bameabe n
you to negect the opportunty whch ausces offers you:
and Caasrs w strugge wth the cross accdents whch
pursue us, t we may perhaps, at ast, fnd some end to our
wanderngs. f we meet wth no assstance from men, the
gods, we trust, w not forsa e us.
May the mmortas, sad ausces, accompany Cha-
rcea, accordng to her prayers, and assst her n every
thng and may she soon recover her frend and parents:
her generous sprt and e ceent understandng we deserve
success. Do you, Cnemon, regret no onger that you do
not brng Thsbe bac agan wth you to thens, especay
when you may accuse me of havng carred her of can-
destney from thence for the merchant of aucratum,
the over of Thsbe, was no other than mysef nor have you
any reason to apprehend dstress or poverty. f your nc-
natons concde wth mne, you may not ony recover your
country and famy, under my gudance, but enrch yoursef
to the e tent of any reasonabe desres. f you are wng
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T G D C C . 13
to marry, offer you my daughter, auscea, wth an ampe
porton, udgng that have receved enough n that have
earned your famy and naton.
Cnemon, seeng what had ong been the ob ect of hs
wshes and prayers, now une pectedy offered hm beyond
hs hopes, eagery reped, ta e your offer wth great oy,
and grattude and ausces mmedatey devered hs
daughter nto hs outstretched hand, and betrothed her to
hm and orderng those who were present to rase the nup-
ta song, he hmsef opened the dance, ma ng the enter-
tanment furnsh forth a sudden weddng.
the company were engaged n ths oyous ceremony,
the more peasant, because unoo edfor: the song resounded
through the apartments, and durng the whoe nght, the
house shone wth the marrage torches. ut Charcea,
retrng from the rest, betoo hersef to her sotary chamber
where, havng secured the door, and rs ng as she thought
no ntruson, she surrendered hersef to a the stngs of
frenzy. he et her dsheveed tresses fa upon her
shouders, tore and dscomposed her garments, and thus
bro e out: ye et me too, n the manner he es best,
ead the dance before the overrung ev-genus et amen-
tatons be my songs, and tears my batons: et dar ness
surround me, and obscure nght presde over what am
about and wth ths she e tngushed her torch aganst
the ground. hat a danty nupta chamber has he pro-
vded me e cams me for hmsef, and eeps me so-
tary. Cnemon marres and ons n the dance Theagenes
wanders a captve, perhaps, and n bonds and provded he
ves even that were we. auscea s betrothed and sepa-
rated from me, who, t ths nght, partoo of my bed and
am eft aone and desttute. eaven nows that grudge
them not ther good fortune wsh them a fecty but
repne that have no share of t mysef. The tragedy of
my msfortunes has been proonged beyond e ampe. ut
what avas t to spend my tme n womansh amentatons
et the measure of my caamtes be fed up, snce such a
the w of heaven. ut, Theagenes, my sweet and ony
care, f you are dead, and the dreadfu tdngs (whch may
the gods forbd ) shoud ever wound my ear, swear
nstanty to on you n the shades beow. Meanwhe et
me offer to your sprt (f t has eft the ovey body) these
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140 T D TT
funera rtes (and mmedatey she puc ed off handfus of
her har and ad them on the bed): et me pour a ba-
ton to you out of those eyes whch you hod so dear and
wth ths she bedewed her couch wth her tears. ut,
f you are ave and safe, appear to me, my fe, n a
dream and repose wth me, but preserve, even then, the
respect you have sworn to, your betrothed. o sayng,
she fung hersef on the bed, embraced and ssed t t
sobs and groans, fatgue and gref, graduay overwhemed
as wth a coud a her reasonng facutes and she sun ,
at ast, nto a deep seep, whch contnued t ate the
foowng mornng.
Caasrs, wonderng that she dd not appear as usua,
went up to her chamber to n ure after her where, noc -
ng oudy at the door, and cang her repeatedy by her
name, he at ength awa ened her. he, aarmed at ths
sudden ca, and confused at the dsorder both of her person
and apartment yet, went to the door, unboted t, and et
hm n. e, when he saw her har dsheveed, her gar-
ments torn, her eyes restess, and breathng st too much
of that passon wth whch they had been nfamed before
she dropped aseep, began to suspect somethng of the cause
of ths agtaton. eadng her, therefore, agan to the bed,
pacng her upon t, and hepng her to compose her dress a
tte hy, Charcea, says he, do you nduge these
transports hy do you greve thus beyond measure, and
ab ecty sn under the caamtes whch oppress you
am now at a oss to dscover that nobeness of mnd, and
chastened sprt, wth whch you have htherto borne your
s. ave done wth these unbecomng e travagances
consder that you are a morta creature a thng unstabe,
sub ect to the basts of good and ev fortune. hy
abandon yoursef to despar, perhaps, on the eve of a change
of fortune Preserve yoursef, my chd f not for your own
sa e, at east for Theagenes, who ves ony n and for you.
Charcea bushed at hs chdng, and at the crcumstances
n whch he had surprsed her. he was for some tme
sent. t ast she sad Tou have reason, own, to
ye men, ye brtte thngs, mere mages of cay,
Te fttng eaves, ye shadowy shapes, ye creatures of a day,
Poor, wngess wretched mortas ye, e nothng but a dream.
rstoph. rds, 7 . Cary s Tr.
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T G 2TD C C . 141
bame me, ather: but, perhaps, you w not thn me
wthout e cuse. My ove for Theagenes s no new or vugar
passon, but pure and chaste t s drected towards one
who, though not my wedded husband, s my betrothed:
am greved and dsapponted at not seeng hm return wth
you and am n a thousand doubts and fears about hs fe
and safety.
e comforted then, reped Caasrs, trust n the
oraces of the gods, and beeve, that under ther gudance
and protecton, he s both safe and we. Tou shoud re-
member what we heard yesterday that he was ta en by
Thyams, as he was beng carred to Memphs and, f he s
n hs power, you may be satsfed that he s safe for there
was a frendshp between them even before. t s our
busness now to ma e what haste we can to the town of
essa, n order to see , you for your over, and for my son
for you have aready heard that Thyams stands n that
reaton to me.
Charcea appeared very pensve at ths. f ndeed,
sad she, ths s your son, and not some other Thyams, our
affars are n great eopardy. Caasrs wonderng at, and
n urng the cause of, her apprehensons, Tou now,
she contnued, that was for some tme n the power of
the prates: there these unhappy features of mne nspred
Thyams wth ove. fear est, f n our n ury we shoud
meet wth hm, he shoud mmedatey recognze me, and
compe me to a marrage whch, on varous pretences,
before wth dffcuty euded. trust, sad the od man,
that the sght of me w nspre hm wth reverence and
respect, and that a father s eye w repress and restran hs
ntemperate desres: however, there s no reason why we
shoud not endeavour, by some artfce, to guard aganst
what you fear and you seem e pert at fndng out e -
cuses and deays, aganst those who show themseves too
pressng.
Charcea, recoverng her sprts a tte at ths peasantry
do not now whether you are n est or earnest:
sad she, but can reate to you the contrvance of Thea-
genes and mysef, when we attempted to ma e our escape
from the prates sand and, f you approve of t, we may
ma e use now of the same stratagem and may t be more
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142 T D TU
fortunate than t was then e determned to change
our garments, to metamorphose ourseves nto beggars, and
n ths s uad garb to pass through the towns and vages.
et us now then, f you pease, put on the appearance of
wretchedness we sha be ess sub ect to n ury and obser-
vaton. The greatest securty s found n the owest estate.
Poverty s an ob ect of pty, not of envy and we sha more
easy procure our day bread: for, n a foregn and, every
thng s sod dear to strangers but s cheapy gven to the
wretched.
Caasrs approved of the pro ect, and besought her to be
ready as soon as possbe to set out. They ac uanted
fausces and Cnemon wth ther ntentons, and n three
days were prepared to enter on ther e pedton. They
too no beast of burden wth them, though they mght have
had one, nor suffered any one to attend them. ausces
and Cnemon, and a ther famy, accompaned them as far
as they woud permt t. auscea, too, havng by earnest
entreates obtaned her father s permsson, set out wth her
frend her ove for Charcea ma ng her brea through
that reserve and retrement whch young women are e -
pected to preserve durng the frst days of ther nuptas.
They accompaned them about haf a me and then, saut-
ng each other, and mngng tears and every good wsh
wth ther embraces, they too ther eave. Cnemon re-
peatedy besought them to pardon those nupta engage-
ments whch prevented hs gong wth them and promsed
that, whenever he had an opportunty, he woud endeavour
to fnd them out.
t ength they separated. ausces, and hs tran, too
the road to Chemms. Charcea and Caasrs began the
transformaton whch they had medtated, and cothed them-
seves n tattered garments, whch they had got ready.
he staned her chee s wth a compound of soot and dust,
hes may scape
w preserve mysef, and am bethought
To ta e the basest and the poorest shape
That ever penury, n contempt of man,
rought near to beast. My face grme wth fth
an et my ons efe a my har n nots
nd wth presented na edness, out-face
The wnds, and persecutons of the s y. ng ear.
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T G D C C . 143
and threw an od torn ve neggenty over her face. he
carred a bag under her arm, whch had the appearance of
beng a receptace for scraps and bro en vctuas, but con-
taned, n reaty, the sacred vestments she had brought
from Deph her garands, and the precous to ens whch
her mother had e posed wth her.
Caasrs carred her uver, wrapt up n a pece of od
eather, as a burden, across hs shouders and, oosenng
the strng of her bow, made use of t as a wa ng-stc . f
any one approached, he eant heavy upon t, stoopng more
than hs years actuay obged hm to do and, mpng
wth one eg, suffered hmsef fre uenty to be ed by
Charcea.
hen the metamorphoss was competed they coud not
hep smng at each other s appearance, and, n the mdst
of ther gref, a few o es upon t escaped them and
beseechng the detes who persecuted them to cease at
ength from ther anger, they made what haste they coud
to the town of essa, where they hoped to fnd Theagenes
and Thyams. ut n ths they were dsapponted for
arrvng near essa at sun-settng, they saw the ground
strewed wth a consderabe number of dead bodes, newy
san most of them were Persans, whom they new by
ther habts, but some were the natves of the pace. They
con ectured ths to have been the wor of war, but were at
a oss to now who had been the combatants. t ength,
whe they were searchng and e amnng the corpses,
dreadng est they mght fnd a frend among them (for
strong affecton s unreasonaby apprehensve on the sghtest
grounds), they saw an od woman, hangng over the body of
one of the natves, and oud n her amentatons. They
resoved therefore to endeavour to get what ntegence
they coud from her and, accostng her, they frst tred to
soothe her vehement affcton and then, when she became
a tte camer, Caasrs, n the gyptan tongue, ventured
to as her what was the cause of the saughter they saw
before them, and who t was whom she so amented. he
answered, brefy, that she was mournng for her son that
she came on purpose to the fed of batte that some one of
the combatants, f any shoud return, mght deprve her of
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144 T D TU
fe, now become a burden to her that meanwhe, amd
tears and amentatons, she was endeavourng, as we as
she coud, to perform funera rtes for her chd. The
cause of the engagement, says she, was as foows:
foregn youth, of remar abe beauty and stature, was pro-
ceedng under the drecton of Mthranes, the Persan
Commandant, n hs way to Memphs, where he was to
be presented to roondates, the ceroy of the Great ng.
Mthranes had ta en hm captve, and thought he coud not
offer a more agreeabe gft. The nhabtants of our town
pretendng, whether truy or not cannot say, that they
had some nowedge of ths young man, came suddeny
upon the soders of Mthranes, and rescued hm. Mthranes,
when he heard of t, was voenty enraged, and two days
ago ed hs troops aganst the town. My countrymen are
used to war they ead a pratca fe, and despse death
when gan or revenge are n vew. Many are the wdows
and orphans they have made, and many mothers have they
deprved of ther chdren, as , unhappy woman, am at ths
day. s soon, therefore, as they had certan ntegence
of the Persans e pedton, they eft the cty, chose a
proper pace for an ambuscade, and postng, n conceament,
a seect body of troops where they new the enemy must
pass, as soon as they appeared, attac ed them resoutey
n front, whe the rest of ther companons rushed suddeny,
wth a great shout, from ther ambush, fe upon ther fan ,
and soon put them to the rout. Mthranes fe among the
frst, and most of hs troops wth hm for they were so
surrounded, that there was tte opportunty for fght.
few of our peope were san, and among those few my son,
transf ed, as you see, wth a Persan dart and now ,
unhappy that am, am bewang hs oss and, perhaps,
am st reserved to ament that of the ony son have now
eft, who marched yesterday wth the army aganst the cty
of Memphs.
Caasrs n ured nto the cause of ths e pedton. The
od woman tod hm what she had heard from her son:
That the nhabtants of essa, after they had saughtered
the offcer and soders of the Great ng, saw pany that
there was no room for e cuse or pardon that roondates,
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T G D C C . 14
as soon as the ntegence reached Memphs, woud m-
medatey set out wth hs army, surround, besege, and
uttery destroy ther town that therefore they had resoved
to foow up one bod deed by a boder to antcpate the
preparatons of the ceroy to march, n short, wthout
deay to Memphs, where, f they coud arrve une pectedy,
they mght possby surprse and seze hs person, f he
were n the cty or f he were gone, as was reported, upon
an e pedton nto thopa, they mght more easy ma e
themseves masters of a pace whch was draned of ts
troops, and so mght for some tme ward off ther danger
and coud aso renstate ther captan, Thyams, n the
presthood, of whch he had been un usty deprved by hs
younger brother. ut f they shoud fa n the bod
attempt, they woud have the advantage of dyng n the
fed, e men, and escape fang nto the hands of the
Persans, and beng e posed to ther nsuts and tortures.
ut, as for you, contnued the od woman, where are
you gong nto the town, sad Caasrs. t s
not safe for you, returned she, at ths ate hour, and
un nown as you are, to go among strangers. ut f
you w receve us nto your house, reped the other,
we sha thn ourseves safe. cannot receve you
ust at ths tme, sad she, for must now perform some
nocturna sacrfces. ut f you can endure t and ndeed
you must do so, retre to some dstance from the san, and
endeavour to pass the nght as we as you can n the pan
n the mornng w gady receve and entertan you as
my guests. hen she had sad ths, Caasrs too Cha-
rcea, and shorty e paned to her what had passed between
them and gong to a rsng ground, not very far from the
fed of batte, he there recned hmsef, puttng the uver
under hs head.
Charcea sat down on her waet the moon ust rsng,
and begnnng to umnate a around wth her sver ght
for t was the thrd day from the fu. Caasrs, od, and
fatgued wth hs ourney, dropped aseep but Charcea s
cares ept her wa ng, and made her spectatress of an
mpous and accursed scene, but not an unusua one, among
ayr voovrag r v )f v. ee oo .
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14G T D TU
the gyptans. or now the od woman, supposng hersef
at berty, and unobserved, dug a sort of pt, and ghted a
fre of stc s whch she had coected together, on each sde
of t. etween the two fres she paced the dead body of
her son, and ta ng an earthen cup from a neghbourng
trpod, she poured frst honey nto the trench, then m ,
and then wne. he ne t wor ed up a nd of paste of
dough nto somethng of the smtude of a man, and
crownng t wth aure and fenne, cast that too nto the
dtch. Then snatchng up a sword, wth many frantc
gestures and barbarous nvocatons to the moon, n an
un nown tongue, she wounded hersef n the arm, and
dppng a branch of aure n her bood, sprn ed t over
the fre. nd after many other wd and mystc ceremones,
she stooped down at ength to the corpse of her son,
whspered somethng n ts ear, and, by the power of her
spes, rased and forced t to stand uprght.
Charcea, who had observed the former part of ths
ceremony, not wthout apprehenson, was now sezed wth
affrght and horror, and awa ened Caasrs, that he too
mght be a spectator of what was beng done. They, beng
themseves shrouded n dar ness, observed n securty
what passed by the ght of the fres, and were near enough
too to hear what was sad the od woman now uestonng
the dead body n a oud voce, hether ts brother, her
son, woud return n safety t answered nothng but
noddng ts head by a doubtfu sgna, gave ts mother room
to hope, and then, on a sudden, fe down agan upon ts
face. he turned the body on ts bac , repeated her
ueston, and whspered, as t shoud seem, st stronger
charms n ts ear and brandshng her sword now over the
fre, and now over the trench, rased the corpse agan, and
puttng the same nterrogaton to t, urged t to answer her,
not by nods and sgns ony, but n actua and dstnct words.
ere Charcea addressed Caasrs, and besought hm to
approach, and as somethng about Theagenes but he
refused atogether decarng, that t was much aganst hs
ncnaton that he became a compusory spectator of so
ee ucan, oo v., 7 7 1, where rchtho brngs the dead
to fe n order to obtan a response as to the future success of
Pompey.
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T G D C C . 147
mpous a scene for t dd not become a prest to be
present at, much ess to ta e a part n, such a deed. ur
dvnatons, sad he, are made by means of awfu sacr-
fces, and pure prayers not by profane ceremones, and
unhaowed con uratons of dead carcases, such as our
wayward fate has now obged us to be wtnesses of. ut
whe he was proceedng, the body, wth a deep and hoow
voce, began to spea , as f ts words were uttered from the
nmost recesses of a wndng cave. spared you at frst,
mother, athough you were transgressng the aws of
nature, dsregardng the decrees of the fates, and dsturbng
by your enchantments, what ought to reman at rest.
There s, even among the departed, a reverence for parents
but snce, as far as n you es, you destroy that reverence,
and persst n pushng your wc ed ncantatons to the
utmost snce you are not content wth rasng up a dead
body, and forcng t to ma e sgns, but w proceed to
compe t to spea regardess of the care you owe to your
son s remans, preventng hs shade from m ng wth those
who are gone before hm, and mndfu ony of your own
prvate convenence and curosty hear what pousy
avoded dscosng to you before:
Tour son sha return no more and you yoursef sha
persh by the sword, and shorty concude your course by a
voent death, worthy of the e ecrabe practces n whch
you have spent your fe you who are not now aone, as
you suppose yoursef but are performng your horrd rtes,
worthy of beng bured n the deepest sence and dar ness,
n the sght of others, and betrayng the secrets of the
dead n the hearng of wtnesses. ne of them s a prest
and hs wsdom ndeed s such, that he may perhaps see
the proprety of conceang what he has seen. e s dear
to the gods and f he hastens hs ourney, he may prevent
hs sons from engagng sngy wth each other n a boody
and deady fght, and compose ther dfferences. ut what
s nfntey worse, a maden has heard and seen everythng
whch has ta en pace. he s deepy n ove, and s wan-
derng through the word n search of her over, whom,
after many tos and dangers, she sha at ast obtan, and,
n a remote corner of the earth, pass wth hm a spendd
and roya fe.
. 2
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148 T D TU
avng sad ths, the body fe agan prone on the ground.
The od woman concudng that the strangers were the
spectators meant, ran furousy, n a the dsorder of her
dress, and sword n hand, to see for them among the
dead, where she magned they had conceaed themseves
determned to destroy, f she coud fnd them, the wtnesses
of her abomnabe ncantatons. ut whe searchng ncau-
tousy among the carcases, and bnded by her fury, she
stumbed, and fe headong upon a fragment of a spear
stuc uprght n the earth, whch, percng through her
body, soon put an end to her wc ed fe, and uc y
fufed the fata prophecy of her son.
boo vn.
n the other hand, Caasrs and hs far companon,
havng been n such danger, n order to be free from ther
present terrors, and hastenng, on account of the prophecy
they had heard, contnued, wth dgence, ther ourney to
Memphs. They arrved at the cty at the very tme when
those events were beng fufed whch had been foretod
n the ncantaton scene. The ctzens of Memphs had
ust tme to shut ther gates, before the arrva of Thyams
and hs robber band a soder from the army of Mthranes,
who had escaped from the batte of essa havng foreseen,
and foretod, the attempt.
Thyams havng ordered hs men to encamp under the
was, rested them after the fatgues of ther march and
determned forthwth to besege the cty. They n the
town who, surprsed at frst, e pected the attac of a nume-
rous army, when they saw from ther was the sma num-
ber of ther assaants, put themseves n moton, and
coectng the few troops, archers and cavary, eft for the
defence of the pace, and armng the ctzens as best they
coud, were preparng to ssue out of the gates, and
attac ther enemy n the fed. ut they were restraned by
a man of some years and authorty among them, who sad,
that athough the ceroy roondates was absent n the
r c ve vag. ecua the tte of the 11th . of the dyssey.
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T G D C C . 14
thopan war, t woud be mproper for them to ta e any
step wthout the nowedge and drecton of hs wfe,
rsace and that the soders who were eft, woud engage
much more hearty n the cause, f fghtng under her orders.
The muttude oned wth hm n opnon, and foowed
hm to the paace whch the vceroy nhabted n the absence
of the soveregn. rsace was beautfu, and ta e pert
n busness haughty because of her brth, as beng the
sster of the Great ng e tremey bameabe, however, n
her conduct, and gven up to dssoute peasure. he had,
n a great measure, been the cause of the e e of Thyams:
for when Caasrs, on account of the orace whch he had
receved reatve to hs chdren, had wthdrawn hmsef pr-
vatey from Memphs,tand on hs dsappearng, was thought
to have pershed Thyams, as hs edest son, was caed to
the dgnty of the presthood, and performed hs ntatory
sacrfce n pubc. rsace, as she entered the tempe of
ss, encountered ths boomng and gracefu youth, dressed
on the occason wth more than usua spendour. he cast
wanton gances at hm, and by her gestures gave pan nt-
maton of her passon. e, naturay modest, and vrtuousy
brought up, dd not notce ths, and had no suspcon of her
meanng, nay, ntent on the dutes of hs offce, probaby
attrbuted her conduct to some ute dfferent cause. ut
hs brother Petosrs, who had vewed wth eaous eyes hs
e ataton to the presthood, and had observed the behavour
of rsace towards hm, consdered how he mght ma e use
of her rreguar desres, as a means of ayng a snare for hm
whom he enved.
e went prvatey to roondates, dscovered to hm hs
wfe s ncnatons, and basey and fasey affrmed that
Thyams comped wth them. roondates was easy per-
suaded of the truth of ths ntegence, from hs prevous
suspcons but too no notce of t to her, beng unabe
The descrpton of Gubeyaz, n Don uan, canto v., here and
there ustrates amusngy the scenes between Theagenes and rsace.
er presence was as ofty as her state
er beauty of that overpowerng nd,
hose force descrpton ony woud abate. C. v. 7. ee oo . ,.
she had recourse to nods, and sgns,
nd smes, and spar es of the spea ng eye. C. . 1 2.
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1 0 T U TTT
ceary to convct her and dreadng and respectng the
roya race she sprang from, thought t best to concea hs rea
opnon. e dd not, however, cease utterng threats of
death aganst Thyams, unt he drove hm nto banshment
when Petosrs was apponted to the presthood n hs room.
These events happened some years before the tme of
whch am at present spea ng. ut now the muttude
surrounded the paace of rsace, nformed her of the ap-
proach of an hoste army (of whch however she was aware)
and besought her to gve orders to the soders to march
out wth them to attac the enemy.
he tod them that she thought she ought not to compy
wth ther re uest, t she had made hersef a tte ac-
uanted wth the number of the enemy who they were
from whence they came and what was the cause of ther
e pedton. That for that purpose she thought t woud
be proper for her frst to ascend the was, to ta e a survey
from thence and then havng coected more troops, to
determne, upon consderaton, what was possbe and e pe-
dent to be done.
The peope ac uesced n what she sad, and advanced at
once towards the wa where, by her command, they
erected upon the ramparts a tent, adorned wth purpe and
god-embrodered tapestry and she, royay attred, paced
hersef under t, on a ofty throne, havng around her, her
guards n arms, gtterng wth god and hodng up a
herad s wand, the symbo of peace, nvted the chefs of
the enemy to a conference under the was.
Thyams and Theagenes advanced before the rest, and
presented themseves under the ramparts, n compete
armour, ther heads ony uncovered: and the herad made
procamaton :
- rsace, wfe of the chef vceroy, and sster of the Great
ng, desres to now who you are what are your demands
and why you presume to ma e ncursons nto the terr-
tory of Memphs They reped, that ther foowers were
men of essa. Thyams, moreover, e paned who he was:
how beng un usty deprved of the presthood of Memphs
by the suspcons of roondates, and the arts of hs brother
T r pcuov, caduceus, the staff or mace carred by herads and
ambassadors n tme of war.
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T G T TD C C . 1 1
Petosrs, Te was come to cam t agan at the head of these
bands that f they woud restore hm to hs offce, he as ed
no more and hs foowers woud wthdraw n peace, wth-
out n urng any one but f they refused ths ust demand,
he must endeavour to do hmsef ustce by force and arms
that t became rsace to revenge hersef upon Petosrs for
hs wc ed caumnes aganst her by whch he had nfused
nto the mnd of her husband suspcons aganst her honour
and had drven hm, hs brother, nto e e.
These words made a great mpresson upon the ctzens:
they we recoected Thyams agan and now nowng the
cause of hs une pected fght, of whch they were gnorant
before, they were very much dsposed to beeve that what
he now aeged was truth. ut rsace was more dsturbed
than any one, and dstracted by a tempest of dfferent cares
and thoughts. he was nfamed wth anger aganst Peto-
srs, and cang to mnd the past, resoved how she mght
best revenge hersef upon hm. he oo ed sometmes at
Thyams, and then agan at Theagenes: and was aternatey
drawn by her desres towards both. er od ncnaton to
the former revved towards the atter a new and stronger
fame hurred her away: so that her emoton was very vsbe
to a the by-standers. fter some strugge, however, re-
coverng hersef, as f from convusve sezure, she sad, hat
madness has engaged the nhabtants of essa n ths e pe-
dton and you, beautfu and gracefu youths of nobe brth,
why shoud you e pose yourseves to manfest destructon
for a band of marauders, who, f they were to come to a
batte, woud not be abe to sustan the frst shoc for the
troops of the Great ng are not so reduced as not to have
eft a suffcent force n the cty to surround and overwhem
a of you, athough the vceroy be absent n a foregn war.
ut snce the prete t of ths e pedton s of a prvate
nature, why shoud the peope at arge be sufferers n a
uarre n whch they have no concern ather et the
partes determne ther dspute between themseves, and
commt ther cause to the ustce and udgment of the gods.
et, then, the nhabtants both of Memphs and the men of
essa reman at peace nor causeessy wage war aganst
each other. et those who contend for the presthood en-
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1 2 T D TU
gage n snge combat, and be the hoy dgnty the prze of
the con ueror.
rsace was heard by the nhabtants of Memphs wth
peasure, and her proposa was receved wth ther unan-
mous appause. They suspected the wc edness and trea-
chery of Petosrs, and were peased wth the prospect of
transferrng to hs snge person the sudden danger whch
threatened the whoe communty. ut the bands of essa
dd not so ready agree they were at frst very averse to
e pose ther eader to per n ther behaf, unt Thyams at
ength persuaded them to consent representng to them
the wea ness and uns funess of Petosors, whereas he
shoud engage n the combat wth every possbe advantage
on hs sde. Ths refecton probaby nfuenced rsace n
proposng the snge combat. he hoped to obtan by t
her rea am, revenge upon Petosrs, e posng hm to fght
wth one so much hs superor n s and courage.
The preparatons for the encounter were now made wth
a ceerty Thyams, wth the utmost aacrty, hastenng to
put on what st he wanted to compete hs armour. Thea-
genes encouragng hm, securey buc ed on hs arms, and
paced, asty, a hemet on hs head, fashng wth god, and
wth a ofty crest.
n the other hand, Petosrs protested aganst the combat.
e was obged by voence to put on hs arms and, by the
command of rsace, was thrust out of the gates. Thyams
seeng hm Do you observe, Theagenes, sad he, how
Petosrs sha es wth fear Tes, reped the other
but how (resumed he) w you use the vctory whch
seems ready to your hands for t s no common foe whom
you are gong to encounter, but a brother Tou say
we he returned, and have touched the very sub ect of
my thoughts. ntend to con uer hm wth the assstance
of the gods, but not to hm. ar be t from me to suffer
mysef to be so far transported by anger, resentment, or
ambton, as to pursue revenge for past n ures, or purchase
future honours at the e pense of a brother s bood
Tou spea noby, sad Theagenes and as one who
fees the force of natura tes but have you any commands
for me The combat am gong to engage n, sad
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T G D C C . 1 3
Thyams, s a mere trfe, ft to be despsed but snce or-
tune sometmes sports wth mortas, and strange accdents
happen, w ust say, that f prove vctor, you sha
accompany me nto the cty, ve wth me, and parta e
e uay wth mysef, of everythng whch my fortune and
staton can afford. ut f, contrary to my e pectaton,
shoud be van ushed, you sha command the bands of
essa, wth whom you are n great favour, and sha ead for a
tme the fe of a freebooter, t the Dety sha pace you
n more prosperous crcumstances. avng sad ths, they
embraced each other wth great affecton and Theagenes
sat down to observe the ssue of the fght.
n ths stuaton he unconscousy afforded rsace an
opportunty of feedng hersef upon hs presence, as she sur-
veyed hs person, and gratfed at east her eyes. nd
now Thyams advanced towards Petosrs but Petosrs
coud not sustan hs approach, and on hs frst movement
turned about towards the gate, and attempted to re-enter
the cty, but n van for those who were statoned at the
entrance drove hm bac and those who were upon the
was gave notce throughout the whoe crcut of the pace,
that he shoud nowhere be admtted. e fed then as fast
as he coud around the cty, and at ength threw away hs
arms. Thyams pursued hm and Theagenes foowed,
soctous for hs frend, and desrous of seeng what woud
happen. e too no arms wth hm, est t mght appear
that he came to assst Thyams but, pacng hs spear and
shed where he had before sat, and eavng them for rsace
to contempate n hs stead, he attended cosey on the steps
of the brothers.
Petosrs was not yet ta en, nor was he far n advance
he was every mnute n danger of beng reached, and had
ony so much the advantage of the course, as t was reason-
abe to suppose an unarmed man woud have over one who
was n armour. n ths manner they twce crced the
was but the thrd tme Thyams approached near enough
to threaten the bac of hs brother wth hs spear. e
caed on hm to stop and turn, f he woud avod recevng
he dd so course o er my e terors wth such a greedy ntenton
that the appette of her eye dd seem to scorch me up e a burnng
gass. Merry ves of ndsor.
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1 4 T D TU P
a wound the muttude meanwhe upon the was, as n a
theatre, beng spectators and udges of the contest.
ust at ths nstant, ether the nterposton of the Dety,
or the caprce of ortune, who rues the affars of men, n-
troduced an epsode upon the stage, and supped, as f out
of rvary, a begnnng for another drama. Caasrs, who
had submtted to a vountary e e, and had supported n-
numerabe pers, both by sea and and, n order to avod
the dreadfu sght, was brought to the spot at that very
hour, and compeed by nevtabe fate to become a wtness
of the encounter of hs sons, as the orace had ong ago fore-
tod he shoud be. s soon as ho arrved near enough to
see what was passng under the was of Memphs when
he recognsed hs chdren, recoected the prophecy, and
saw the arms of one of them rased aganst the other, he
hastened wth greater speed than hs age seemed to admt
of, (dong voence to hs weght of years), to prevent the
dreaded ssue of the combat.
avng neary reached them, he e camed wth a hs
mght My chdren what mean you what madness s
ths They, ntent on what they were themseves en-
gaged n, dd not recognse ther father, covered as he was
wth beggar s weeds, but too hm for some wanderng
vagrant, who was probaby besde hmsef. Those who were
on the was, wondered at hs so rashy e posng hmsef
between the combatants. thers aughed at what they
thought hs mad and frutess efforts. hen the good od
man perceved that he was not nown under these mean
garments, he cast asde the tatters under whch he was ds-
gused et hs sacred oc s fow down upon hs shouders,
threw away hs scrp and staff, and stood before them wth
a reverend and prest- e aspect genty ncnng hs body,
and stretchng out hs hands as a suppant: hs tears fowed
apace, whe he e camed 0 my sons, am Caasrs
am your father stay your hands repress your fata rage
receve, ac nowedge, and reverence your parent.
most ready to swoon, the young men sac ened n ther
course, and cast themseves before hs feet, hardy beevng
what they saw but when they were convnced that t was
reay Caasrs, and no phantom, they embraced hs nees,
and cung to hm, ther mnds abourng wth varous and
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T G D C T C . 1
confctng feengs. They were re oced at seeng ther
father une pectedy safe they were ashamed and hurt at
the crcumstances n whch he had found them they were
confused and soctous at the uncertanty of what was to
foow.
The spectators from the cty gazed wth wonder at what
was passng, and observed t n sence, wthout nterferng.
They were, n a manner, astounded wth gnorance and sur-
prse, and stood e fgures on a panter s canvas, rvetted
upon the scene before them, when o a new actress made
her appearance on the stage. Charcea foowed cose after
Caasrs. The eye of a over s uc as ghtnng n recog-
nsng the ob ect of ts passon a snge gesture, the fod of
a garment, seen behnd, or at a dstance, s suffcent to con-
frm ts con ectures. hen she new Theagenes afar off,
transported at the ong-wshed-for sght, she ran frantc y
towards hm, and, fang on hs nec , embraced hm cosey,
breathng out her passon n nartcuate murmurs.
e, when he saw a s uad face, dsgused, and ndustr-
ousy dscooured, her tattered garments, and ve appear-
ance, repused and threw her from hm wth dsgust, as
some common beggar and when she st perssted, and
hndered hs seeng Caasrs and hs chdren, he smote her
on the face. he softy sad to hm Pythas, have you
then forgotten the torch e, started as at the sudden
stro e of an arrow, recognzed the to en whch had been
agreed upon between them and, oo ng at the countenance
of Charcea, whch bro e on hm e the sun from behnd
a coud, rushed nto her embrace. those upon the was,
ncudng rsace hersef, who sweed wth dspeasure and
aready vewed Charcea wth eaous eyes, were overcome
wth wonder, as at some scenc e hbton.
The unnatura warfare between the brothers was now
ended the tragedy whch threatened bood, had passed nto
a comedy. The father, who had seen them armed aganst
each other, and had neary been a spectator of the wounds
of one of them, became the nstrument of peace. e who
was unabe to avod the fated spectace of hs sons hos-
pr ve avrbc yvro rpvravg teray, he became the pre-
sdent or manager, c.
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1 T D TU
ttes, was fortunate enough to rue the ssue of what fate
had ordered.
They recovered ther father after a ten years e e and
they hastened to crown and nvest hm agan wth the en-
sgns of that dgnty, whch had neary been the cause of a
boody contest between them. ut amd a these successes
the ove scene of the drama trumphed Theagenes and
Charcea, boomng n youth and beauty, and spar ng wth
peasure at havng recovered one another, attracted the eyes
of every behoder. eary the whoe cty poured out through
the gates, and a muttude of every age and se hurred nto
the pan. The young men surrounded Theagenes those n
the prme of fe, and who had formery nown hm, crowded
round Thyams the madens who aready nduged n
dreams of wedoc foowed Charcoa the od men and
prests attended upon and congratued Caasrs: thus a
nd of sacred processon was formed upon the nstant.
Thyams dsmssed the men of essa wth much grat-
tude, and many than s for ther ready assstance. e pro-
msed by the ne t fu moon to send them a hundred o en,
a thousand sheep, and ten drachmas each and then, pacng
hs nec wthn the embrace of the od man, he supported
on one sde the totterng steps of hs weary father, whom
fatgue, surprse, and oy had we ngh e hausted. Peto-
srs on hs sde dd the same: and thus they ed hm, wth
ghted torches, and the appause and congratuatons of the
surroundng muttude, to the tempe of ss ppes and
sacred futes attendng the processon, and stmuatng the
sprts of the young to actvty n the hoy dance. ether
was rsace hersef absent from the ceremony, for wth
guards, attendants, and much pomp, she proceeded to the
tempe of ss, where she offered god and precous stones,
under pretence of settng an e ampe to the cty, but havng
eyes for Theagenes aone, and gazng upon hm wth
more eagerness than dd a the others yet the peasure
she receved was not unm ed. Theagenes hed Charcea
by the hand, and for her he removed the surroundng crowd,
and the een stngs of eaousy sun deep nto the breast
of rsace.
ut Caasrs, when he arrved at the nnermost part of
the tempe, threw hmsef on hs face, and contnued so ong
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T G 1TD C C . 1 7
prostrate and motoness at the feet of the sacred mage,
that he was near e prng under emoton. The bystanders
genty rased and set hm on hs feet and when wth dff-
cuty, and by degrees, he came to hmsef, he poured out a
baton to the goddess, and, n the mdst of vows and
prayers, too the sacred dadem of the presthood from hs
own head, and paced t on that of hs son Thyams sayng
to the spectators That he fet hmsef od, and saw hs
end approachng that hs edest son was hs awfu suc-
cessor n the offce and that he possessed the needfu
vgour, both of mnd and body, for e ercsng the functons
of t.
The muttude testfed, by ther accamatons, ther ap-
probaton of what he sad and he retred wth hs sons, and
Theagenes, to those apartments of the tempe whch are set
apart for the hgh-prest. The crowd separated to ther
severa habtatons and rsace at ength departed, unw-
ngy, and often turnng bac , under pretence of greater
respect to the goddess at ast, however she dd depart,
castng bac her eyes as ong as possbe upon Theagenes.
s soon as she arrved at her paace, she hurred to her
chamber, and, throwng hersef upon the bed, n the habt
she had on, ay there a ong tme speechess. he was a
woman ever ncned to sensua passon and was now n-
famed above measure by the beautes and grace of The-
agenes, whch e ceed any she had ever behed. he con-
tnued restess and agtated a nght, turnng from one sde
to the other, fetchng deep and fre uent sghs now rsng
up, and agan fang bac on her couch now tearng off
her cothes, and then agan throwng hersef upon her bed
cang n her mads wthout cause, and dsmssng them
wthout orders. n short, her unrestraned ove woud
certany have drven her nto frenzy, had not an od crone,
er rage was but a mnute s, and twas we
moment s more had san her but the whe
t asted twas e a short gmpse of he:
ought s more subme than energetc be,
Though horrbe to see, yet grand to te,
e ocean warrng ganst a roc y se
nd the deep passons fashng through her form,
Made her a beautfu emboded storm. yron.
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1 8 T D TU
Cybee by name, her bedchamber woman, we ac uanted
wth her secrets, and who had mnstered to her amours,
hurred nto the chamber.
othng had escaped her notce, and she now came to add
fue to the fame thus addressng her: hat as you,
my dear mstress hat new passon tortures you hose
countenance has rased such a fame n my nursng s sou
s there any one foosh or nsoent enough to overoo or
contemn advances from you Can any morta see your
charms unmoved, and not esteem your favours as a most
supreme fecty Concea nothng from me, my sweet chd.
e must be made of adamant, ndeed, whom my arts cannot
soften. ny te me your wshes, and w answer for the
success of them. Tou have more than once made tra of
my s and fdety. th these and such e nsnua-
tng persuasons, and fang at the feet of rsace, she en-
treated her to dscose the cause of her sufferngs and agta-
tons. The prncess at ast, composng hersef a tte, sad
Good nurse have receved a deeper wound than
have ever yet fet and though have fre uenty, on smar
occasons, successfuy e perenced your abtes, doubt
whether they can ava me now. The war whch threatened
our was yesterday, has ended wthout boodshed, and has
setted nto peace but t has been the cause of rasng a
more crue war wthn my bosom, and of nfctng a deep
wound, not on any part of my body, but on my very sou,
by offerng to my vew, n a uc ess hour, that foregn
youth who ran near Thyams durng the snge combat.
Tou must now whom mean, for hs beauty shone so
transcendenty among them a, as to be conspcuous to the
rudest and most nsensbe to ove, much more to one of
your matured e perence. herefore my dearest nurse,
now that you now my wound, empoy a your s to hea
t ca up every art, wor wth every spe and w whch
years have taught you, f you woud have your mstress sur-
vve for t s n van for me to thn of vng, f do not
en oy ths young man.
beeve now the youth of whom you spea , reped
The orgna has n /tpov, to-day but that must be an oversght,
for a tte before t s sad that rsace contnued a nght, ravv og,
n agtaton.
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T G D C C . 1
the od woman hs chest and shouders were broad hs
nec , straght and nobe hs stature, rased above hs fe-
ows and he outshone, n short, every one around hm:
hs eyes spar ng wth anmaton, yet ther fre tempered
wth sweetness hs beautfu oc s custered on hs
shouders and the frst down of youth appeared upon hs
chee . n outandsh wench, not wthout beauty, but of un-
common mpudence, ran suddeny up to hm, embraced hm,
and hung upon hs nec . s not ths the man you mean
t s ndeed, reped rsace we remember the
ast crcumstance you menton and that strong hussy,
whose home-spun made-up charms have nothng more n
them than common, but are, aas much more fortunate
than mne, snce they have obtaned for her such a over.
The od woman smed at ths, and sad, - e of good
cheer, my chd the stranger ust now, perhaps, thn s hs
present mstress handsome but f can ma e hm possessor
of your beautes he w fnd hmsef to have e changed brass
for god,t and w oo wth dsdan upon that conceted
and saucy strumpet. ny do ths, my dearest Cybee,
and you w cure, at once, two dreadfu dstempers ove
and eaousy you w free me from one, and satsfy the
other. e t my care, reped the nurse, tobrng ths
about do you, n the mean tme, compose yoursef ta e a
tte rest do not despar before the tra, but chersh
soothng hope. avng sad ths, she too up the amp,
and, shuttng the door of the chamber, went away.
oon after sunrse, ta ng one of the eunuchs of the
paace wth her, and orderng a mad to foow her wth
ca est and other re ustes for sacrfce, she hastened to the
tempe of ss. Upon arrvng at the entrance, she sad
she came to offer a sacrfce for her mstress rsace, who
had been dsturbed by portentous dreams, and wshed to
proptate the goddess. ne of the vergers opposed,
and sent her away, teng her that the tempe
was overwhemed wth sorrow that Caasrs, returned
from hs ong e e, had feasted wth hs frend the evenng
ar o farog at rrtr svfvp a .
e Gaucus wth Domed n the ad, v. 23 .
T rdvog.
tenu popano corruptus srs. uv. v. 41.
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1 0 T D TT
before, unbendng hs mnd wth unusua cheerfuness and
mrth: after the entertanment he made a baton, and
poured out many prayers to the goddess he tod hs sons
that they woud not see hm much onger and earnesty re-
commended to ther protecton the young Gree s who came
wth hm beggng them to have the tenderest care of, and
assst them n everythng: he then retred to rest and
whether e cess of oy had rea ed hs nerves and e hausted
hs sprts more than hs od and worn-out frame coud bear,
or whether he had as ed, and obtaned, ths favour of the
gods, towards coc -crowng he was found to have e pred,
by hs sons, who, aarmed at hs presages, had watched over
hm a nght. nd now, contnued he, we have sent nto
the cty, to assembe together the rest of the presty caste,
that we may ceebrate hs funera rtes accordng to the
custom of our country. Tou must therefore retre for t
s not awfu for any one, e cept the prests, to enter the
tempe, much ess to sacrfce, for at east seven days.
hat then w become of the Grecan strangers durng
ths nterva sad Cybee Thyams, he reped,
our new hgh-prest, has ordered apartments to be ftted
up for them, beyond ts precncts and they are even
now compyng wth our custom, by uttng the tempe,
and durng ths meanchoy space of tme, w odge wth-
out.
The od woman, thn ng ths an admrabe occason to
spread her nets and prepare her snares, sad, Good verger,
now s the tme to be of servce to the strangers, and to
obge rsace, sster of the Great ng. Tou now how
fond she s of Gree s, and how ready to show hosptaty to
foregners et these young peope now, that wth the
nowedge, and by the consent of Thyams, apartments are
prepared for them n our paace.
The verger, suspectng nothng of Cybee s desgns, ma-
gned that he was dong a very good offce for the strangers
f he coud get them receved nto the ceroy s paace
that he shoud aso obge those who as ed ths of hm, and
hurt nobody. e sought therefore Theagenes and Cha-
rcea. e found them drowned n tears, and overwhemed
wth sorrow. Tou do not act, sad he, conformaby to
the prncpes of your country or regon n amentng so
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T G D C C . 1 1
deepy the departure of a hoy man, who, besdes, foretod
t to you, and forbade you to greve at t. eason and the
dvne word shoud rather encourage you to attend hm,
mentay, wth re ocng and congratuaton as restng from
hs abours, and havng e changed ths troubesome state
for a better. n your own account, however, can e cuse
your gvng way, at frst, to gref, havng ost your father,
your protector, and chef support but you must not de-
spar Thyams succeeds not ony to hs father s dgnty,
but to hs affectons towards you. e has manfested the
greatest regard for you. s frst thoughts have been for
your accommodaton. e has been abe to procure a retreat
for you, so spendd, as not ony foregners n ow estate
e you, but the greatest of the nhabtants, woud envy.
oow then ths woman, pontng to Cybee consder
her as your mother, and accept the hosptaty to whch she
w ntroduce you.
Theagenes and Charcea dd as they were drected. Gref
had so overwhemed ther facutes, that they hardy new
what they were about and n ther present fororn state were
wng to fy to any refuge. ut coud they have foreseen
the caamtes whch awated them n the house they were
about to enter, they woud have shrun bac . ortune,
whose sport they were, seemed now to promse them a short
space for rest, and a prospect of oy, ony to punge them
deeper n msfortunes. They went vountary prsoners
and young, strangers, and unsuspectng, deceved by the
far show of hosptaty, they devered themseves up to
ther enemy. Thus sub ect s a wanderng fe to the coud
of error, and thus easy s the unhappy traveer deuded
and mposed upon.
The overs, when they arrved at the vcerega paace,
and saw ts magnfcent vestbues (far more spendd than
any prvate house), the guards, and array of attendants
and courters, were surprsed and dsturbed, observng the
habtaton to be very much beyond what was sutabe to the
tresent condton of ther fortunes. owever, they foowed Cybee, who e horted and encouraged them caed
them her frends and chdren, and bd them form the most
peasng e pectatons for ther future. t ength, when
she had brought them to her own apartment, whch was
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1 2 T D TU
remote and prvate, she caused them to st down, and thus
addressed them:
My chdren, am ac uanted wth the cause of your
present sorrow and that you ament, wth great reason,
the death of the hgh prest, Caasrs, who was n the pace
of a father to you but t s proper for you now to te me
who you are, and from whence you come. o far now,
that you are Gree s and, as udge from your appearance,
of a good famy for a countenance so ngenuous, so gracefu
and engagng an ar, bespea a nobe race. ut from what
country and cty of Greece you come, and by what chance
you have wandered hther, wsh to now and t w be for
your nterest to ac uant me, that may nform my mstress
rsace, the sster of the Great ng, and wfe of the most
powerfu of the vceroys, roondates. he s hosptabe,
refned, and a over of the Gree s. hen she has had
some prevous nformaton about you, you w appear before
her wth ess embarrassment, and more honour. nd what-
ever you dscose, w not be to an entre stranger, for aso
am a Gree by naton. am a natve of esbos. was
brought here a captve but fnd my fe n captvty pea-
santer than any coud have hoped to pass at home, for
en oy the entre confdence of my mstress she sees ony
wth my eyes, and hears wth my ears but ma e use of
the credt have wth her to ntroduce ony worthy and
honourabe persons to her ac uantance.
Theagenes, comparng n her mnd what Cybee now sad,
wth the behavour of rsace the day before recoectng
how ntenty she had f ed her eyes upon hm, and cang
to memory her wanton sgns and gances, foreboded no
good to hmsef from what was to foow: he prepared,
however, to say somethng n answer to Cybee, when
Charcea whspered n hs ear emember that am
your sster n what you are gong to say. e, ta ng the
hnt, began
Tou now aready, Mother that we are Gree s ths
- e fe upon her
There s anguage n her eye, her chee , her p
ay, her foot spea s her wanton sprts oo out
t every ont and motve of her body.
Trous and Cressda.
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T C Tf D C CM . 1 3
young woman s my sster our parents were carred off by
prates we set out n search of them, and ourseves met
wth worse fortunes, fang nto the hands of crue men,
who robbed us of our a, whch was consderabe, and were,
wth dffcuty, persuaded to spare our ves. ome ptyng
dety brought us ac uanted wth the hero Caasrs (now
beatfed): under hs gudance we arrved here, fatterng
ourseves that we shoud spend the remander of our ves
under hs protecton but now we are as you see, eft aone,
and desoate bereft of our own parents, and of hm who
promsed to suppy the pace of them. Ths s our present
stuaton. To you we return our best than s for your good
offces and hosptaty and you woud greaty enhance the
favour by sufferng us to ve retred, and by ourseves
deferrng, for some tme at east, the favour you hnted at,
that of ntroducng us to rsace. trangers, wanderers,
and unfortunate as we are, we are very unft to appear n
her spendd court. c uantance and ntercourse are best
suted for those who are of e ua ran . Cybee coud hardy
restran hersef at ths ntegence. he betrayed, by her
countenance, evdent mar s of the oy she fet at hearng
that Charcea was the sster of Theagenes, concudng that
she woud now be no obstace to the amorous desgns of her
mstress.
ar youth, sad she, you w have dfferent sen-
tments of rsace when you are ac uanted wth her. he
condescends, and accommodates hersef to every nd of
fortune. he has a partcuar peasure n comfortng and
assstng those who have met wth unworthy treatment.
Though she s by brth a Persan, n dsposton she s a
Gree . he deghts n the company and conversaton of
those who, e yourseves, are atey come from Greece.
he greaty affects both the Grecan ways and manners:
be of good cheer then you w not fa to receve every
attenton and honour whch a man can wsh for, and your
sster w be her companon and favourte. ut now te
me your names avng heard them, she ran to rsace,
orderng them to wat her return, and gvng drectons to her
portress (an od woman e hersef,) not to suffer any one
to enter the apartment, nor to permt those who were nsde
to eave t.
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1 4 T D TU 01
ut, sad the other, what f tout son ehaemenes
shoud return he went out ust before your departure to
the tempe, n order to get some appcaton to hs eyes,
whch are st very troubesome to hm ether must
he enter, reped she ma e fast the doors, and te
hm that am gone away, and have ta en the ey wth
me.
The portress dd as she was drected and Cybee was
no sooner departed than the unhappy overs coud no onger
restran ther btter thoughts and amentatons. most n
the same nstant he cred out Charcea he,
Theagenes They proceeded to depore ther msfortunes
n the same frame of mnd and neary n the same words.
They mnged embraces wth ther compants, and sses
wth ther tears. The remembrance of Caasrs drove them
at ast nto audbe gref nto cres and sobs Charcea
partcuary, who had nown hm onger who had e pe-
renced more of hs attenton, benevoence, and affecton.
- Caasrs she cred out, as we as her sobs woud et
her, for can no onger ca you by the sweet name of
father the ev genus who persecutes me, has on a sdes
deprved me of that endearng appeaton. My rea father
have never nown. betrayed, aas and deserted
hm who adopted me and have ost hm who receved,
preserved, comforted, and nstructed me and the cus-
tom of the prests does not permt me to pay the ast
trbute of tears over hs dear remans. Tet, my pre-
server (and w once more ca you father), here at east,
whe may, w pour out a baton to you wth my tears,
and gve you offerngs from my har. o sayng, she
puc ed handfus from her beauteous tresses. Theagenes
caught her hands, and besought her to forbear.
he, however proceeded n tragc stran t hy do
contnue to ve, deprved of such a hope Caasrs s
gone the support of my wanderngs my eader n a
foregn country, and ony gude to my natve one he who
aone coud ead me to the nowedge of my parents our
comfort n adversty, our defender from msfortune, our
strength, and stay, s ost and has eft us, a mserabe par,
gnorant and fororn, n a foregn and. or want of
Charoes. fo errpay u.
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T G D C C . 1
gudance, t s mpossbe for us to contnue our ourney.
That grave, band, wse, and of a truth, hoary sou
s fed, and w not see the event of ts abours on our
behaf.
he she was gong on thus doefuy, and Theagenes,
though he fet deepy for hmsef, was attemptng to com-
pose her, and to repress the voent e pressons of her gref,
chaemenes returned and fndng the doors fast, n ured
of the od portress the reason. he tod hm, that t was
by hs mother s order. he he was wonderng what
coud be her motve, he heard Charcea amentng wthn
and stoopng down, and oo ng through the crevces of the
door, he coud easy see what passed n the chamber.
gan he as ed the od woman who those were whom he
saw wthn. he tod hm he new no more of them, than that they were a youth and maden, foregners, as she guessed, whom Cybee had not ong before brought wth her.
gan he stooped down, and too a more carefu survey
of them. Charcea was entrey un nown to hm. Tet he
admred her beauty, and fgured to hmsef what t must be
when not obscured by de ecton, and overwhemed wth
gref and hs admraton began to ead hm nsensby nto
ove. s for Theagenes, he had some dstant and obscure
recoecton of havng seen hm before. he he was gazng
on one, and then tryng to reca the other to hs mnd,
Cybee returned. he had tod rsace everythng she had
done, reatve to the young par. he congratuated her on
her good fortune, whch had effected wthout troube what
she coud ese hardy have hoped to obtan by a thousand
schemes and contrvances whch had odged her over under
her own roof, and afforded her the unrestraned and unsus-
pected berty of seeng, and beng seen by hm.
th ths dscourse she stmuated her passon to such a
degree, that she coud scarcey prevent her hastenng to an
mmedate ntervew wth Theagenes, by suggestng that
t shoud not ta e pace whe as yet her face was pae, and
her eyes sweed, from the dstracton n whch she had
passed the precedng nght. he advsed her te compose
hersef for that day, and stay t she had recovered her
ro og hoary, venerabe. ee uses of the word n eott and
dde s e con.
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1 T D TU
former beauty. he arranged wth her how she was to treat
and manage her guests and eft her fu of hopes and
fatterng e pectatons. Then returnng to her apartment,
and comng upon her son empoyed as he was about the door,
she as ed hm what he was so curousy pryng uto.
am e amnng the strangers wthn, sad he who
are they whence do they come t s not permtted
you to now, she reped nay, advse you to concea
what you have aready dscovered of them and to avod
ther company as much as possbe, for such s my mstress s
peasure. The young man, easy persuaded by hs mother,
retred comprehendng that Theagenes was reserved for
the prvate gratfcaton of rsace, and sayng to hmsef as
he went away s not ths the man whom receved from
the Commandant Mthranes, to carry to roondates, that he
mght be sent to the Great ng as he not ta en
away from me by Thyams, and the men of essa, when
narrowy hazarded my fe, and was amost the ony one of
the party who escaped t surey s so, f can beeve my
eyes, whch are now better, and serve me neary as we as
ever. esdes, heard that Thyams returned here yester-
day, and, after a snge combat wth hs brother, recovered
the presthood. Ths s undoubtedy the man mean: for
the present, however, w concea my nowedge of hm,
and observe n sence my mstress s ntentons wth regard
to these young peope. Thus he muttered to hmsef.
Cybee hastened to her guests, and detected some traces
of the sorrows whch had them empoyed n her absence for
though, at the nose she made n openng the doors,they endea-
voured to compose ther dress and oo s and manner as we
as they were abe, yet they coud not concea from the pene-
tratng od woman that they had been agtated and n tears.
My dear chdren, she cred out, why do see ths -
tmed gref, when you ought to re oce, and congratuate
yourseves upon your good fortune rsace manfests the
ndest dsposton towards you she w permt you to
come nto her presence to-morrow, and, n the menu tme,
has ordered you to be receved and treated wth every atten-
ton and regard. Dry then these unseasonabe and chdsh
tears, cear your countenances, and compose and conform
yourseves n everythng, accordng to the peasure of your
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T G D C C . 1 7
great benefactress. The remembrance of Caasrs, reped Theagenes, and the oss we have sustaned n beng
so soon deprved of hs frendy attentons, caed forth our
tears. Ths s foosh, sad the od woman why are
you so affected at so common and trfng an event Caasrs was but an adopted father, and, by the course of nature,
coud not ast ong whereas you are now n favour wth
one who w shower upon you ran , rches, peasures, every-
thng whch your age (now that you are n the boom of
youth) can en oy, or your warmest wshes hope for. oo
on rsace as your good genus as your goddess ortune
and fa down before her ny be rued by me n what
manner you are to approach her, and comport yourseves
when she admts you to an ntervew conform yourseves
to her peasure, and obey her orders for she s young, a
prncess, proud aso of her beauty, and w not bear to have
her w dsputed, or her commands dsregarded. Theagenes made no answer, hs mnd msgvng hm that
matters of an unworthy and unwecome nature were beng
hnted at. n the meantme some eunuchs arrved, brngng
wth them, n goden dshes, decaces whch remaned from
the roya tabe, whch were n the hghest degree sumptuous
and choce.f fter sayng that ther mstress sends them
out of honour to the strangers, and havng paced them
upon the board, they departed. The young peope, at the
suggeston of Cybee, and that they mght not seem to
despse the favour of the prncess, ust tasted what was set
before them: and the e honour was repeated to them n the
evenng as we as on other days. ary the ne t mornng the
same eunuchs agan appeared, and thus addressed Theagenes: Most envabe among men you are sent for by my
To hear and to obey had been from brth
The aw of a around her to fuf
phantases whch yeded oy or mrth ad been her saves chef peasure, as her w.
Don uan, v. 102.
mong the Persans t was hed a great mar of honour to send
dshes from ther tabes to those whom they favoured. ee enophon,
Cyro. oo . 2, 3. ca rdpart r , ravra ttcvtu r )v ocauroc.
a o ovv urvo pr travro. cu ov o a ov oro to,v p wv fvr)-
r v v n vvo a ft p o ppoov v. The reader w of course remem-
ber an nstance of the e custom n crpture, Gen. . 34.
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1 8 T D TU
mstress: she has ordered us to ntroduce you to her
presence an honour and happness whch fas to the ot of
very few. e paused a tte: at ength he arose, wth a
very unwng ar: and as ed, f he aone were sent for,
and. not hs sster aso e ony, at present, they
reped: hs sster shoud have a prvate ntervew another
tme now severa of the Persan nobes were wth rsace
and besdes, t was the custom that men and women shoud
be separatey receved and admtted to an audence.
Theagenes, stoopng, whspered to Charcea: s not
rght ths s most suspcous. he softy advsed hm, not
at frst to contradct rsace, but to fegn a wngness to
compy wth everythng whch was desred of hm.
e then foowed hs conductors who offcousy nstructed
hm n what manner he shoud address and converse wth
the prncess and what eeremones and obesances were
usua and necessary n apearng before her: but he answered
nothng. t ength they arrved n her presence: they
found her sttng on a ofty throne her dress gorgeous wth.
god and purpe her tara and nec ace spar ng wth the
most costy gems and her whoe person set off wth a the
appances of art her guards standng around her, and some
of the prncpa nobes and magstrates sttng on each sde.
Theagenes was nether dazzed nor confounded by a ths
spendour: he forgot, n a moment, the smuated com-
pasance whch had been recommended to hm by Charcea:
rather dd he fee hs prde rebe at sght of the Persan
pomp: nether bendng the nee, nor prostratng hmsef,
but wth an erect countenance a, he sad, 0 roya
rsace They n the presence were ndgnant, and a
murmur of dsapprobaton ran through the crce: every one
bamed the darng rudeness of Theagenes, who presumed to
address the prncess wthout the usua prostraton. ut
she, smng, sad
Porgve a foregner, unaccustomed to forms and, above
e stood e tas wth a word of worda
bout hs ears, and nathees woud not bend
The bood of a hs ne s Castan ords
o d n hs vens and rather than descend
To stan hs pedgree a thousand swords
thousand tme of hm had made an end.
Don uan, v. 104.
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T G D C C . 1
a, a Gree , nfected wth the natona contempt towards
Persans. nd then she rased the tara from her head, to
the astonshment, and manfest ds e, of those about her
for ths s what the vceroys do when they return the saute
of those who pay them homage. e of good cheer,
stranger, sad she, by an nterpreter (for though she under-
stood Gree she dd not spea t) f you desre anythng,
scrupe not to ac uant me, nor doubt to obtan your wsh:
and then ma ng a sgna to her eunuchs, she dsmssed hm,
and he was ceremonousy re-conducted, wth a tran of
guards, to hs apartments.
chaemenes havng now had a nearer vew of hm, reco-
ected hm we wondered at, yet suspected the cause of
the honours whch were pad hm, but ept the sence
whch was recommended to hm by hs mother. rsace
proceeded to receve her nobes at an entertanment, appa-
renty out of respect to them, but reay to ceebrate her own
oy at havng had an ntervew wth Theagenes. To hm she
sent not ony portons of the vands set before her, as usua,
but carpets and embrodered tapestry, the wor of Tyran
and ydan s . he sent ewse two beautfu saves to
wat upon them a mad to Charcea, and a boy to Thea-
genes, both from ona, and n the boom of youth.
he was urgent wth Cybee to ose no tme, but to brng
ahout, as soon as possbe, what she had so much at heart:
for her passon was now too strong for her endurance.
Cybee, accordngy, was to rea none of her endeavours,
but was to crcumvent Theagenes wth a her arts. he
dd not openy e pan the wshes of her mstress, but gave
hm to guess at them by hnts and crcumocutons. he
magnfed her good-w towards hm too every occason to
e to the beautes of her person, as we those whch appeared
to every behoder as those whch her attre ept conceaed:
she commended her gracefu manners and amabe dsposton,
and assured hm that a brave and handsome youth was cer-
tan of fndng favour wth her. ths whe she endea-
voured n what she sad to sound hs temper, whether t
were amorous and easy nfamed.
Theagenes than ed her for her good ncnatons towards
the Gree s, and professed hmsef obged by the pecuar
ndness and benevoence wth whch she had treated hm.
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170 T D TU
ut a her nnuendoes, reatng to other matters, he passed
over, and appeared as though he dd not understand them.
Ths was a vast annoyance to the od bedame, and her heart
began amost to fa her for she had penetraton enough to
see that Theagenes understood very we the end she amed
at, but was averse to, and determned to repe, a her over-
tures. he new that rsace coud not broo a much onger
deay. he had aready e perenced the voence of her
temper, whch was now nfamed by the ardour of her present
passon. he was day demandng the fufment of her
promse, whch Cybee put off on varous pretences some-
tmes sayng, that the youth s ncnatons towards her were
ched by hs tmdty at others, fegnng that some nds-
poston had attac ed hm. t ength, when neary a wee
had neffectuay eapsed, and the prncess had admtted
Charcea to more than one ntervew when out of regard
to her pretended brother, she had treated her wth the
greatest ndness and respect Cybee was at ength obged
to spea out more pany to Theagenes, and ma e an unvar-
nshed decaraton of her mstress s ove to hm.
he bamed hs bac wardness, and promsed that hs com-
pance shoud be foowed by the most spendd rewards.
hy, sad she, are you so averse to ove s t not
strange that one of your age shoud overoo the advances
of a woman e rsace young, and beautfu as yoursef
and shoud not esteem her favours as so much treasure-
trove, especay when you may nduge your ncnatons
wthout the smaest apprehenson of danger her husband
beng at a dstance, and her nurse the confdante of her
secrets, and entrey devoted to her servce, beng here, ready
to manage and concea your ntervews There are no
obstaces n your way. Tou have nether a wfe nor a
betrothed athough n such crcumstances, even these
reatons have been overoo ed by many men of sense, who
have consdered that they shoud not reay hurt ther
fames, but shoud gan weath and peasure to themseves.
he began to hnt, at ast, that there mght be danger n hs
refusa. omen, says she, tender-hearted and ardent
n ther desres, are enraged at a repuse, and sedom fa to
revenge themseves upon those who overoo ther advances.
dpraya epfatov a wndfa a godsend.
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T G D C C . 171
efect, moreover, that my mstress s a Persan, of the
roya famy, and has ampe means n her hands of reward-
ng those whom she favours, and punshng those who she
thn s have n ured her. Tou are a stranger, desttute, and
wth no one to defend you. pare yoursef danger, and spare
rsacea dsappontment: she s worthy of some regard from
you, who has shown and fees such ntensty of passon for
you: beware of a ovng woman s anger, and dread that
revenge whch foows negected ove. have nown more
than one repent of hs codness. These grey hars have had
onger e perence n ove affars than you, yet have never
seen any one so unmpressbe and harsh as you are.
ddressng hersef then to Charcea (for, urged by ne-
cessty, she ventured to hod ths dscourse before her),
Do you, my chd, says she, on your e hortatons to
mne endeavour to bend ths brother of yours, to whom
now not what name to gve. f you succeed, you sha
fnd the advantage great to yoursef you w not ose hs
ove and you w gan more honour rches w shower
down upon you, and a spendd match w awat you. These
are envabe crcumstances to any the chefest of the na-
tves how much more to foregners who are n poverty
Charcea, wth a btter sme, reped
t were to be wshed that the breast of the most e ce-
ent ady, rsace, had fet no such passon or that, havng
fet t, she had had forttude suffcent to bear and to repress
t. ut f the wea ness of her nature has sun under the
force of ove, woud counse my brother no onger to re-
fuse respondng to t, f t may be done wth any degree of
securty f t may be possbe to avod the dangers whch
see mpendng from the ceroy s wrath, shoud he become
ac uanted wth the dshonourabe affar whch s gong on.
t these words Cybee sprang forwards, and, embracng
and ssng Charcea, ow ove you, my dear chd
she e camed, for the compasson you shew for the suffer-
ngs of one of your own se , and your soctude for the
tgress robb d of young, a oness,
r any nterestng beast of prey,
re smes at hand for the dstress
f ades who cannot have ther own way.
Don uan, o. v. 132.
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172 T D TU
safety of your brother ut here you may be perfecty at
ease the very sun sha now nothng of what passes.
Cease for the present, reped Theagenes serousy, and
gve me tme for consderaton.
Cybee upon ths went out, and Theagenes sad
Charcea, the ev genus who persecutes us has gven us a
specous appearance of good fortune, wth whch there s
reay nterm ed more of ev but snce thngs have so
turned out, t s a great part of wsdom to draw some good,
f possbe, from each untoward accdent. hether you are
determned to compy wth the proposa whch has been
made to you, t s not for me to say. Perhaps, f our pre-
servaton depended upon your compance, mght recon-
ce mysef to t but f your sprt revots at the com-
pasance whch s e pected from you, fegn at east that you
consent, and feed wth promses the barbarc woman s
passon. y these means you w prevent her from mme-
datey determnng any thng harshy aganst us: ead her
on by hope, whch w soften her mnd, and hnder her anger
from brea ng out: thus we sha gan tme, and n the nter-
va some happy accdent, or some proptous dety, may dever
us from the perpe tes wth whch we are surrounded. ut
beware, my dear Theagenes, that by dweng n thought
upon the matter you do not fa nto the sn n deed.
Theagenes, smng, reped, o msfortunes, see no
embarrassments can cure a woman of the nnate dsease of
eaousy: but be comforted, am ncapabe of even fegnng
what you advse. n my mnd, t s a e unbecomng to do
or to say an unworthy thng and there w be one advan-
tage n drvng rsace to despar that she w gve us no
farther troube on ths sub ect and whatever ese am des-
tned to suffer, my bent of mnd and my btter e perence
have but too we prepared me to bear. Charcea havng
sad, fear you are brngng run upon our heads, hed
her peace.
he ths conversaton empoyed the overs, Cybee went
to rsace, and encouraged her to hope for a favourabe ssue
to her desres, for that Theagenes had ntmated as much,
she returned to her own apartments. he sad no more
that evenng but havng n the nght earnesty besought
Charcea, who shared her bed, to co-operate wth her, n
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T G D C C . 173
the mornng she agan attac ed Theagenes, and n ured
what he had resoved upon when he uttered a pan down-
rght refusa, and absoutey forbad her e pectng any com-
pasance from hm of the sort she wshed. he returned
dsapponted and sorrowfu to her mstress who, as soon as
she was made ac uanted wth the stern refusa of Theage-
nes, orderng the od woman to be e ected headong out of
the paace, entered nto her chamber, and, throwng hersef
upon the bed, began to tear her har, and beat her breast.
Cybee was returnng home n dsgrace, when her son
chaemenes met her, and, seeng her n tears, as ed f
any msfortune had happened to her r has our ms-
tress, sad he, receved any bad news as any caamty
befaen the army as roondates been defeated by the
thopans
e was runnng on n ths manner wth hs uestons,
when hs mother stopped hm. ave done trfng, sad
she, and et me aone. he was gong away: he foowed
her, and ta ng her by the hand, besought her earnesty to e -
pan to hm, her son, the cause of her sorrow. he suffered
hersef to be ed by hm nto a retred part of the garden,
and then sad
woud not to any one ese dscose my own and my
mstress s dstresses but snce she s n the e tremest ag-
taton, and am n danger of my fe (for fear the worst
from her rage and dsappontment), w venture to spea ,
n case you shoud be abe to thn of any thng that may
comfort and assst your poor mother. rsace s n ove wth
the young man who s now at my apartments: she burns
wth no common affecton, but wth nfamed and un-
governabe passon and when both of us thought t an
easy matter for her to satsfy her ncnatons, we have been
mseraby dsapponted. To ths cause you are to attrbute
the attentons whch have been pad to, and the favours
whch have been showered upon, the strangers but snce
ths stupd, rash, and unbendng youth has re ected a our
advances, she, thn , w not survve t and antcpate
destructon for mysef. Ths, my chd, s the cause of my
present affcton: f you have t n your power to assst
me, do t uc y, or ese prepare shorty to pay the ast
rtes over my tomb.
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174 T D TU
hat sha be my reward reped chaemenes, for t s
necessary to come drecty to the pont: t s not a tme, n
your present confuson and dstress, to deay you wth ong
dscourse.
s whatever you pease, reped Cybee: have
aready, by my nterest, made you head-cupbearer: f you
are desrous of any greater dgnty, te me so: there s no
degree of weath, or honour, to whch you may not aspre,
f you can procure rsace the means of satsfyng her n-
cnatons.
have ong suspected ths passon of the prncess, re-
ped the young man, but ept sence, watng the event.
am not covetous of rches, or ambtous of pace f she
can procure me n marrage the maden who s caed the
sster of Theagenes, thn may promse that every thng
ese sha happen accordng to her wshes. am desperatey
n ove wth ths young woman. Tour mstress, who nows
by e perence the force of ths passon, may very reasonaby
be brought to assst a feow sufferer n t, especay when,
by so dong, she may probaby meet wth success n her own
pursuts.
Doubt not, sad Cybee, of her grattude. he w do
anythng for you, f you can be of rea servce to her n ths
affar nay, we may perhaps, ourseves persuade the maden
but e pan, beg of you, n what manner you propose to
assst us.
w not say a word, he reped, t rsace has
promsed, and sworn, to grant me what desre: and do
not you by any means at present enter upon the sub ect
wth the young woman. he too, can see, s of a hgh
and ofty sprt you may spo a by undue rashness.
w act ust as rou sha drect, reped Cybee and
runnng nto her mstress s apartment, she fe at her feet,
and bd her be of good cheer, for every thng now shoud
happen as she woud have t ny, sad she, admt my
son chaemenes to an audence.
et hm come n, reped the prncess but ta e care
that you do not agan deceve me. chaamenes was upon
ths ntroduced hs mother e paned hs wshes, and made
nown hs promses and rsace swore to procure for hm
the hand of Charcea. e then sad
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T G D C CU . 17
et Theagenes gve over a hs ars he who s a save,
yet dares to behave wth nsoence to hs mstress. eng
desred to e pan hmsef, he reated a he new ow
Theagenes was ta en captve n war by Mthranes, who was
about to send hm to roondates, n order that he mght
convey hm to the Great ng that he was rescued n the
way by Thyams and the men of essa that he, chse-
menes, wth dffcuty escaped from them that he was for-
tunate enough to have wth hm the etters of Mthranes.
nd upon ths he produced and shewed them to rsace
and appeaed to Thyams for the truth of a he had sad.
rsace began to conceve hope from these tdngs, and,
mmedatey ssung from her chamber, repared to the ha
of audence, where, seatng hersef upon her throne, she
commanded Theagenes to be brought before her.
hen he appeared, she as ed hm f he new cha
menes, whom she ponted out to hm, standng near her.
e reped that he dd. as he not, sad she, brng-
ng you hther a captve, some short tme ago e ad-
mtted that aso. Tou are my save then, sad she, and
as such, sha do as drect you, and, whether you w or
no, be obedent to my commands. Ths sster of yours
gve n marrage to chaemenes, who fs a prncpa staton
n my court, as we for hs own good deserts, as out of the
regard have for hs mother and w defer the nuptas
ony t a day s f ed, and preparaton made for due spen-
dour n ther ceebraton.
Theagenes was perced as wth a sword at ths address,
but determned not to thwart her, but rather to eude her
attac as that of a wd beast. prncess, he reped,
n the mdst of my caamtes gve the gods than s, that
snce , whose fe was orgnay fortunate, and famy us-
trous, am destned to be a save, have faen nto your
power, rather than nto that of any other nto yours, who,
whe you consdered us as strangers and foregners, have
treated us wth so much compasson and humanty. s for
my sster, athough, not beng a captve, she s not a save
yet her own ncnaton w ead her to serve and obey you
n every thng: dspose of her, therefore, as sha seem good
n your eyes. et hm, rsace then sad, be paced
among the waters at the roya tabe et chaemenes n-
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17 T D TU
struct hm n the art of cup-bearng, that he may, wthout
deay, become e pert n the servces whch w be re ured
of hm.
Theagenes was now permtted to retre, whch he dd
sorrowng, and medtatng deepy on what he had farther
to do.
chsemenes, eated wth the success of hs pro ect, had the
cruety to nsut hm. Tou, sad he, who were ust now
so haughty, who seemed aone a freeman among saves who
hed your head so hgh, and refused to bow t even before
the prncess must now earn to bend t, or ese my nuc es
sha teach you better manners.
rsace was eft aone wth Cybee. ow, sad she,
nurse, every e cuse s ta en from ths proud Grecan go
to hm and te hm, that f he w compy wth what re-
ure of hm, he sha obtan hs berty, and spend hs fe
n affuence and peasure but f he st contnues suen
and reuctant, assure hm that he sha fee the wrath of an
angry mstress, and a dsapponted woman: that punsh-
ments of every nd awat hm, and that he sha be con-
demned to the owest and most dsgracefu savery. Cybee
performed her embassy wthout deay and added, from
hersef, whatever she thought most ey to wor upon hs
hopes or fears.
Theagenes demanded a short tme for consderaton and
gong aone to Charcea, he e camed e are undone,
my dearest Charcea every cabe of safety s bro en, every
anchor of hope s ost nor have we now the name of berty
to consoe us n our msfortunes, but are agan faen nto
servtude. e e paned hs meanng, and reated what
had happened. e are now, he added, e posed to the
nsuts of barbarans we must obey a ther commands or
suffer the e tremest punshments and as f ths were not
suffcent, what s above a the rest ntoerabe, now that
rsace has promsed to gve you n wedoc to chaemenes,
the son of Cybee but ths, whe have fe, an arm, and
a sword, w ether prevent or never see. ut what ought
we now to do hat contrvance can we magne to avod
ths detestabe unon, of you wth chsemenes, of me wth
rsace
f you w condescend to the one yoursef, reped
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T G D C C . 177
Charcea, you w easy fnd means to hnder the
other.
ave a care what you say reped Theagenes, eagery,
God forbd that any persecuton of fate shoud drve the
fathfu, though yet unrewarded over of Charcea, to stoop to
another, and that an unawfu unon but a thought comes
nto my head, for necessty s the mother of nventon
and so sayng, he mmedatey sought Cybee, and bade
te her mstress that he wshed to have an ntervew wth
her aone.
The od woman, concudng that he was now about to gve
way, oyfuy devered the message, and rsace ordered her
to brng hm to the paace after supper. Cybee bade those
n watng wthdraw, so that her mstress mght be n prvate
and undsturbed, and ntroduced Theagenes when the shades
of nght began to enveope every thng n obscurty.
snge amp burnt n the chamber and as soon as they
were entered, she was preparng to retre, but Theagenes
stopped her. et Cybee, prncess sad he, f you
pease, reman for the present now she s a very fathfu
eeper of secrets and ta ng rsace s hand, he went on:
my mstress dd not presume at frst to dspute
your w, or defer my submsson to your commands, for
any other reason than that mght obey them wth greater
securty but now, snce the w of fortune has n ts
ndness made me your save, am much more ready to
obey your peasure. ne thng ony desre of you of
you who have promsed me so many brea off the marrage
of Charcea wth chsemenes for, to wave other ob ec-
tons, a maden of her nobe brth s no ft wfe for the son
of a save. f ths be not granted me, swear by a that
s sacred that w never compy wth your wshes and f
the east voence s offered to Charcea, you sha soon see
me dead at your feet.
Tou may be sure, reped rsace, that , who am
wng to surrender even mysef, desre n everythng to
obge you but have sworn to gve your sster to chae-
menes. et not that troube you, sad he, you may
gve hm any sster of mne but my mstress,f my ntended,
vptrg dpa ar oyapuv avay r .
t M / rr/ vv v yafrf v.

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178 T D TU
my betrothed n short, you nether woud wsh to bestow,
nor sha you bestow, upon hm.
hat mean you sad she. othng but the
truth, reped he, for Charcea s reay not my sster,
but my ntended wfe you are, therefore, absoved from
your oath and f you wsh for a farther confrmaton of
my words, you may, as soon as t pease you, gve order for
the ceebraton of our nuptas.
rsace was much annoyed and heard, not wthout
eaousy, the true reaton n whch Charcea stood to
Theagenes but, at present, ony sad, f you w have
t so, ths marrage sha be bro en off, and w see out
another wfe for cbaemenes. hen ths matter s
setted, reped Theagenes, dspose of me as you pease,
w perform a have promsed. e then approached
n order to ss her hands. he, however, nstead of pre-
sentng her hand, sauted hm wth her ps and he eft
the presence ssed, but not ssng n return.
n hs return to Charcea, he dscosed to her a that
had passed, (at whch she, too, was not free from eaousy,)
settng before her the ecret ntenton of hs promse, the
good resuts whch he antcpated from t. n the frst pace,
the pro ect of chasmenes marrage woud be marred, a far
prete t woud be afforded for deferrng at present the com-
peton of rsace s wshes and what was worth more than
a, there was the certanty that chaemenes woud ma e
confuson worse confounded, upon fndng hs e pectatons
bghted, and hmsef suppanted n the prncess s good graces
by another favourte. too care (he sad) to have hs
mother present at the ntervew, and a wtness that our nter-
course was but n words she w eep nothng secret from her
son. t may suffce perhaps (he added) to avod a occa-
son for an ev conscence, and to trust ony n the protec-
ton of the gods but t s good aso to avod a occason
for an ev conscence n the sght of men, so as to pass
through ths transtory fe wth vrtuous bodness. There
s every reason to beeve, added he, that a save e
chaemenes, w conspre aganst hs mstress for the
sub ect commony hates the cause of hs sub ecton, and
ths man has no occason to nvent a prete t for rebeon
(as has been the case wth many), he s reay wronged, has
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T G D C C . 17
been deceved, and sees another preferred before hm he
s conscous to the profgacy of hs mstress, and has a
motve ready to hs hand.
e hed ths dscourse to Charcea, endeavourng to
revve n her a hope of better thngs. n the morrow he
was sent for by chaemenes to serve at the tabe, for such
were rsace s commands. e was arrayed n a Persan
robe of great vaue, whch was sent by her at the same tme,
and adorned party aganst hs w, wth braceets and
eweed nec aces.
Upon arrvng at the paace, chaemenes offered to n-
struct hm n the functons of hs offce but, hastenng to
the sdeboard, and ta ng up a precous gobet, he sad,
need no nstructor, sef-taught, w wat upon my
mstress, ma ng no buste about such trfes. Tour fortune
has forced you perhaps to earn your trade nature and the
spur of the moment w teach me what am to do. o
sayng, he ghty, and wth a grace, poured out the wne,
and handed the cup upon hs fnger ends.
The draught nfamed the mnd of rsace more than
ever. owy sppng, she f ed her eyes ntenty upon
Theagenes, ta ng n at the same tme arge draughts of
ove nether dd she dran the gobet, but eft a porton of
ts contents, n whch Theagenes mght pedge her.
wound of a very dfferent nature ran ed n the bosom of
chaemenes: anger, envy, and resentment manfested them-
seves on hs countenance, so that rsace coud not hep
observng t, and whspered somethng to those who were
nearest her.
hen the entertanment bro e up Grant me, sad
Theagenes, my mstress ths frst boon whch sha
as permt me aone to wear ths dress when servng at
your tabe. rsace agreed to hs re uest, and puttng on
hs ordnary rament, he departed. chaemenes foowed
hm, sharpy upbraded hm wth hs want of manners
teng hm, too, that there was a forwardness and fam-
n ustraton of ths ncety n -watng occurs n en. Cyrop.,
boo . 3, where Cyrus amuses the company by actng as cupbearer to
hs grandfather: tuv ( o twv ovo o, f- ag rt ovo ooa,
a a apwg y tova, a oao to rpa a rv og o ovvrg t v
2
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180 T D TU P
arty n hm, whch, though they mght at frst be over-
oo ed, n consderaton of hs youth and ne perence, woud
n the end, f not corrected, nfaby gve offence. e gave
hm these cautons, he sad, out of a frendy feeng, and
partcuary as he was shorty to become reated to hm by
marryng hs sster, accordng to hs mstress s promse.
e was proceedng wth hs good advce but Theagenes,
hs eyes f ed n deep thought on the ground, seemed not
to hear, and was preparng to eave hm, when Cybee
oned them, on her way to conduct her mstress to ta e
her usua sesta eeng her son sorrowfu, and apparenty
out of humour, she n ured nto the cause of t. Ths
foregn youth, sad he, than s to hs specous person, s
preferred to a of us, the ancent chamberans and cup-
bearers to-day he has aready wormed hmsef nto our
mstress s good graces, and has wated nearest her roya
person, presentng the cup to her, and thrustng us out of
our former dgnty, whch has become no more than an
empty name. e ought, perhaps, to bear wthout mur-
murng, f we cannot fee wthout envy, the honours he
receves, and the confdence to whch he s admtted, snce
we have had the wea ness, by our neggence and sence,
to assst n hs success our mstress, however, mght have
done a ths wthout affrontng and dsgracng her od
servants, who moreover are n a her secrets. ut some
other tme w serve for spea ng farther on ths sub ect:
at present, et me go and see my charmng Charcea, my
promsed brde that, by her sweet aspect, may soothe
the annoyance of my mnd.
hat brde do you ta of reped Cybee, you
seem to me to ta e fre at sma and magnary offences,
and to be gnorant of the rea and deep ones whch you have
receved. Charcea s no onger destned for your wfe.
hat say you he e camed, am not a very
fttng match for my feow-save hat can have wrought
ths sudden change ur own too great fdety and
zea n servng rsace reped Cybee, for after that we
have preferred her caprces to our own safety when, n
compance wth her desres, we have endangered ourseves,
and have put the accompshment of her wshes nto her
artvvaaa rr v orovav to uo ffpvbv t yo vr .
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T G D C C . 181
power, ths nobe youth, ths danty favourte, enters her
chamber, and at frst sght persuades her to brea through
a her oaths, and to promse Charcea to hmsef who
now, as he affrms, s no onger hs sster, but hs mstress.
nd s Charcea ndeed promsed to Theagenes sad
chsemenes. t s but too true, reped Cybee, was
present mysef and heard t they even ta ed of the
nupta feast, and of ceebratng t shorty proposng to
satsfy you wth the hand of some one ese.
t ths mortfyng ntegence chsemenes, smtng hs
hands together, and utterng a deep groan w ma e
ths weddng a fata one to them a, sad he ony do
you assst me n endeavourng to put t off for a few days.
f any one n ures after me, say that am ndsposed and
gone nto the country. Ths precous stranger s cang
her hs betrothed s a mere prete t to brea through the
engagements that have been made to me hs ssng, hs
embracng her, nay, hs seepng wth her, woud not
ceary convnce me that she s not hs sster. w sft
ths busness, and w vndcate the voated oaths and the
nsuted gods. o sayng, ragng wth ove, eaousy, and
dsappontment (feengs a the more voent n a barba-
ran s breast), he rushed out of the room and wthout
gvng hmsef tme for consderaton, n the frst moments
of hs passon, he secrety mounted, n the evenng, an
rmenan horse, reserved for state occasons, and fed fu
speed to roondates.
The ceroy was then n the neghbourhood of the
ceebrated Thebes, marshang a hs forces, and preparng
to ead them on an e pedton aganst the thopans.
.
The ng of thopa had deceved roondates by a
stratagem, and made hmsef master of one of the ob ects
opuent gyptan Thebes,
the cty wth a hundred gates,
hence twenty thousand charots rush to war.
orn. . . 381. Cowper s Tr.
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182 T D TT
of the war the cty of Phoe, aways ready to fa a prey to
the frst nvader and, by so dong, had reduced hm to
great strats, and to a necessty of usng sudden and hurred
efforts for ts recovery.
Pboe s stuated a tte above the smaer cataracts of
the e, about tweve mes dstant from yene and
ephants. The cty was formery sezed upon and nha-
bted by a band of gyptan fugtves, whch made t
debateabe and between the governments of gypt and
. thopa. The atter were for e tendng ther domnons
as far as the cataracts, whe the former camed even the
cty of Phoe, pretendng that they had con uered t n
war, because t had been occuped by ther e es. t had
been ta en and reta en severa tmes by both natons and
was, ust before the tme am spea ng of, hed by an
gyptan and Persan garrson.
The ng of thopa dspatched an embassy to roon-
dates, to demand the restoraton of the cty and the emerad
mnes and meetng, as has been before observed, wth a
refusa, he sent ambassadors a second tme towards gypt
(they gong n advance) he foowng a few days ater, wth
a numerous army, set on foot beforehand, but eepng a
the whe ther destnaton a profound secret.
hen he concuded that hs envoys had passed Phoe, and
had ued the nhabtants and garrson there nto neggence
and securty, by persuadng them, as they were nstructed,
that they were preparng to proceed farther on a peacefu
embassy he on a sudden appeared before Phoe, n a few
days overwhemed ts surprsed and unprepared defenders
(unabe to resst hs superor force and hs artery),f and
too posessson of the cty, whch he ept, wthout n urng
any who dwet n t.
n the mdst of these troubes chsemenes found roon-
dates, and by hs sudden and une pected appearance, heped
to ncrease them. as any msfortune, hasty he n-
ured, happened to rsace, or to any other of my famy
msfortune has happened, reped chaemenes, but
woud spea to you n prvate.
hen every one had retred he entered upon hs story.
e reated the capture of Theagenes by Mthranes how
ee oo . and oo .
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T G D C C . 183
he was sent to hm ( roondates), n order to be conveyed,
f he thought proper, as a present to the Great ng, to
whose court and tabe the youth woud be a worthy orna-
ment. e proceeded to narrate hs rescue from them n
ther ourney by the men of essa, the death of Mthranes
n hs defence, and hs own subse uent arrva at Memphs,
ntroducng nto hs narratve the affars aso of Thyams.
t ength he came to the ungoverned passon of rsace
the transfer of Theagenes nto the paace hs too nd
recepton there hs attendance and hs cup-bearng
therto, he added, beeve nothng has actuay ta en
pace, for the youth s coy and unwng but f ths temp-
taton be not ta en away from before her eyes f Theagenes
be not speedy removed from Memphs there s the greatest
reason to apprehend that tme, fear, and artfces of varous
nds, w at ength con uer hs dsncnaton. n these
accounts have ta en an opportunty to eave the cty pr-
vatey, and to come n a haste to ma e ths dscovery to
you, thn ng t my duty no onger to concea a matter n
whch your honour and nterest are so ntmatey con-
cerned.
hen he had rased the resentment of roondates by
these tdngs, and fed hm wth ndgnaton and a desre of
revenge, he nfamed hs desres when he came to dwe
upon the charms of Charcea. e e toed her to the s es,
spo e of her beauty as dvne sayng that her e ua never
had, and never woud be seen. one of your concubnes,
sad he, not those aone who are eft at Memphs, but
those even who foow your person, are n any degree to be
compared wth her. n ths manner chaemenes went on,
rasng the curosty and wshes of roondates, rec onng,
that athough the vceroy mght nduge hs fancy for Cha-
rcea for a tme, yet he mght afterwards easy be nduced
to gve her up to hm n marrage, as a reward for hs ds-
coveres.
Urged on by anger and desre, the vceroy nstanty sum-
moned the eunuch agoas, who was n great favour and
authorty, and commanded hm to proceed drecty to Mem-
phs wth a troop of ffty horse, and wthout fa or deay to
brng Theagenes and Charcea to hs camp, wherever he
shoud fnd them.
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184 T D TU
e wrote at the same tme a etter to rsace to ths
effect:
roondates to rsace.
end to me Theagenes and Charcea, the captve par,
who are saves to the Great ng, and under orders to be
transmtted to hm. end them wngy, snce, even f
you be unwng, they w be ta en from you and then
the report of chaemenes w be beeved.
To the chef eunuch at Memphs he wrote as foows:
Tou sha hereafter gve an account of your neggence
as to my househod at present dever the Grecan captves
to agoas, that they may be brought to me, whether rsace
consent to t or not. Dever them, say, or the bearer of
these presents has orders to brng you hther n chans,
when you sha be fayed ave.
agoas too the etters, sgned wth the vceroy s sgnet,
that they mght obtan fu credt, and set out for Memphs
to e ecute hs master s orders.
roondates now put hmsef n moton aganst the tho-
pans, commandng chaemenes to foow hm, who was
watched and guarded wthout hs nowng t, t t shoud
appear whether the nformaton he had gven were true.
Meanwhe at Memphs, soon after the departure of chae-
menes, Thyams had been competey nvested wth the offce
of hgh prest, and, as such, was become one of the chefs of
the cty.
fter he had ceebrated, wth proper pety, the funera of
Caasrs, and observed, n mournng and retrement, the ap-
ponted number of days as soon as the sacred aws per-
mtted hm to hod communcaton wth those who were
wthout the tempe, hs frst care was to n ure after Thea-
genes and Charcea.
e earned, wth some dffcuty, that they had been,
removed to the vceroy s paace and mmedatey on recev-
ng ths ntegence he hastened to rsace, to ma e n ures
after them. e was soctous about them on varous
accounts and partcuary as hs father had, wth hs ast
breath, recommended them, n the strongest manner, to hs
care and protecton.
e returned than s to the prncess for her goodness n
recevng and entertanng the young Grecan strangers,
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T G D C C . 18
durng that space of tme n whch t was not awfu for
them to contnue wthn the precncts of the tempe and
he now begged permsson to resume the pedge entrusted
to hs care.
wonder, reped rsace, that whe you are prasng
my ndness and humanty, you shoud at the same tme
ntmate a doubt of ther contnuance and conceve any
apprehenson that sha not st be abe and wng to
entertan these foregners, and assgn to them such honour
as s due.
ou msta e me, reped Thyams now that they
woud ve here n much more spendour and affuence than
they can wth me, even dd they wsh to reman under my
roof: but havng met wth many msfortunes, born of an
ustrous famy, and now wanderng here, far from ther
natve home the frst wsh of ther hearts s, to recover ther
frends, and to return to ther country: my pedge to ad
them was the nhertance eft me by my father and have,
too, mysef many motves for frendshp towards them.
Tou act dscreety, reped rsace, n as ng as a
favour, rather than demandng as a rght: for a favour t
woud be n me to gve up to your frendshp, those over
whom have a rght as saves. aves cred Thyams,
n amazement, what mean you mean captves,
sad she, by the rght of war.
Percevng that she meant to nsst upon ther havng
been ta en by Mthranes, he thus resumed: rsace
t s not now war, but peace f that brngs servtude, ths
restores berty agan the one s the resut of a tyrant s
w, the other s a truy roya gft. esdes, t s not the
mere name but the dsposton of those usng them, whch
reay consttute ether peace or war. y attendng to these
consderatons you w defne better wheren e uty conssts:
there can be no doubt as to what honour and e pedency
demand n the present case. ow can t be honourabe, or
e pedent, n you to persst obstnatey n the detenton of
these strangers, and to avow your determnaton of so
dong
rsace coud no onger contan hersef but acted, e
most who are n ove, whe they magne ther passon con- v g r v ch rrfyv p r povofov rarr p ar onrv.
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18 T D TU
ceaed they fee tmdty when dscovered they ose a
shame conceament ma es them tmd,dscovery audacous:
she stood sef-accused and she coud not hep percevng, or
thn ng she perceved, that Thyams suspected her. Throw-
ng asde therefore a reserve, and a regard to the dgnty
of the hgh prest, she bro e out on a sudden e assured
that you too sha answer for the share you have had n the
attac upon Mthranes roondates w ma e a strct
n ury after, and punsh wth severty, a those who were
concerned n the saughter of hm and of hs troops. s
to these foregners, w not gve them up they are now
my saves shorty they w be sent, accordng to our
custom, to my brother, the Great ng: decam as you
pease on what s decent, proper, and e pedent those n
power need not such thngs they fnd them a n the ndu-
gence of ther own soveregn w.t etre, then, from the
paace at once and wngy, est you be restraned aganst
your w.
Thyams retred, nvo ng the gods and predctng to her
no good event from such behavour, and consderng whether
e shoud dscose these proceedngs to the ctzens, and ca
upon them for assstance.
vaue not your presthood or your prophecy, sad
rsace, the ony prophecy whch ove regards, s the pros-
pect of success. o sayng, she wthdrew to her chamber,
and sendng for Cybee, consuted wth her upon the mea-
sures whch she had ne t to pursue. he suspected the fght
of cha3menes, and the motve of t for Cybee, whenever
she was uestoned on the sub ect, made varous e cuses for
hs absence, and studousy endeavoured to persuade her
that he was anywhere ese, rather than n the camp of roon-
dates. These e cuses, never whoy credted, became each
day ess credbe.
hen Cybee therefore approached her, she thus began:
hat sha do, narse ow can ease the torments
whch oppress me My ove s as ntense as ever
.... h est audaous s
Deprenss ram at ue anmoa a crmne sumunt.
uv. . 284.
oc voo, sc ubeo, stat pro ratone vountas.
uv. . 223.
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T G D C C . 187
nay, thn t burns more voenty: but ths youth,
so far from beng softened by ndness and favours, be-
comes more stubborn, and ntractabe. ome tme ago
he coud brng hmsef to soothe me by faacous pro-
mses, but now he seems openy and manfesty averse to my
desres: fear he suspects, as do, the cause of chse-
menes absence, and that ths has made hm more tmorous.
t s hs dsappearance, ndeed, whch gves me most uneas-
ness: cannot hep thn ng that he s gone to roondates,
and perhaps w whoy or n part succeed n persuadng
hm of the truth of what he says. Coud but see roon-
dates, he woud not wthstand one tear or caress of mne a
woman s we- nown features e ert a mghty magc over men.
t w be a grevous thng, before have en oyed Theagenes,
to be nformed aganst, nay, perhaps put to death, shoud hs
mnd be posoned before have the means of seeng and
conversng wth hm: wherefore, my dear Cybee, eave no
stone unturned, stran every engne you see how pressng
and crtca the busness now becomes and you may we
beeve that, f mysef am drven to despar, sha not
easy spare others. Tou w be the frst to rue the mach-
natons of your son: and how you can be gnorant of them
cannot conceve.
The event, reped Cybee, w prove the n ustce of
your suspcons, both wth regard to my son and me: but
when you are yoursef so supnef n the prosecuton of your
ove, why do you ay the faut on others Tou are fatter-
ng ths youth e a save, when you shoud command hm
as a mstress. Ths ndugent mdness mght be proper at
frst, for fear of aarmng hs tender and ne perenced mnd
but when ndness s neffectua, assume a tone of more
severty et punshments, and even strpes, force from hm
that compance whch favours have faed n dong. t s
nborn n youth to despse those who court to yed to those
who curb them: try ths method and you w fnd hm gve
to force that whch he refused to mdness.
Perhaps you may be rght, reped rsace, but
how can bear to see that decate body, whch doat on
p a fbg p ac rpo vog a to avr g rr c ovavag.
ches Tatus, , .
o ruf nrrwc rpoaovaa.
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188 T D TU
to dstracton, torn wth whps, and sufferng under tor-
tures
gan you are reapsng nto your unseasonabe tender-
ness, sad Cybee a few turns of the rac w brng
about a you desre, and for a tte uneasness whch you
may fee, you w soon obtan the fu accompshment of
your wshes. Tou may spare your eyes the pan of seeng
hs sufferngs dever hm to the chef eunuch, uphrates
order hm to correct hm, for some faut whch you may
fegn he has commtted our ears are duer, you now, n
admttng pty, than are our eyes. n the frst symptoms
of compance, you may free hm from hs restrant. rsace suffered hersef to be persuaded for ove, re ected
and desparng, ptes not even ts ob ect, and dsappont-
ment see s revenge. he sent for the chef eunuch, and
gave hm drectons for the purpose whch had been sug-
gested to her. e receved them wth a savage oy, ran -
ng wth the envy natura to hs race,t and from what he
saw and suspected, partcuary angry wth Theagenes. e
put hm mmedatey n chans, cast hm nto a deep dun-
geon, and punshed hm wth hunger and strpes: eepng
a the whe a suen sence answerng none of the mserabe
youth s n ures, who pretended, (though he we new the
cause), to be gnorant of the reason why he was thus hardy
treated. e ncreased hs sufferngs every day, far beyond
what rsace new of or commanded, permttng no one but
Cybee to see hm for such, ndeed, were hs orders.
he vsted hm every day, under pretence of comfortng,
of brngng hm nourshment, and of ptyng hm, because of
ther former ac uantance n reaty, to observe and report
what efect hs punshment had upon hm, and whether
t had mofed hs stubborn heart but hs sprt was
st uncon uered, and seemed to ac ure fresh force from egnus rrtant anmos demssa per aurem
uam use sunt ooua sub ecta fdebus, et ,use pse sb tradt spectator. or. . P. 180. t Cuncta fert dum cunota tmet dessevt n omnes, Ut se posse putent nee beua tetror ua
uam serv rabes n bera terga furentes
gnosct gemtus, et poena) pareere nesct
uam subt, domn ue memor uem verberat odt.
Caudan n utrop. . 108.
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T G D C C . 18
the duraton of hs tras. s body, ndeed, was torn wth
tortures, but hs sou was e ated by the conscousness of
havng preserved ts purty and honour. e gored that
whe fortune was thus persecutng hm, she was conferrng
a boon upon hs nober part the sou. e ocng n ths
opportunty of shewng hs fdety to Charcea, and hopng
ony she woud one day become ac uanted wth hs suffer-
ngs, for her sa e he was perpetuay cang upon her name
and styng her hs ght hs fe hs sou
Cybee (who had urged uphrates to ncrease the se-
verty of hs treatment, contrary to the ntentons of r-
sace, whose ob ect was by moderate chastsement, to bend
but not to hm), saw t was a to no purpose, and
began to perceve the per n whch she stood. he feared
punshment from roondates, f chaemenes shoud ncau-
tousy dscover too much of the share she had n the
busness she feared est her mstress shoud ay voent
hands upon hersef, ether stung by the dsappontment, or
dreadng the dscovery of her amour. he determned,
therefore, to ma e a bod attempt, to avod the danger
whch awated her, ether by brngng about what rsace desred, or to remove a concerned n, and prvy to the
matter, by nvovng them n one common destructon.
Gong therefore to the prncess e are osng our
abour, she sad: ths stubborn youth, nstead of beng
softened, grows every day more sef-wed he has Charcea
contnuay n hs mouth, and, by cang upon her aone,
consoes hmsef n hs msfortunes. et us then, as a ast
e perment, cut the cabe,t as the proverb says, and rd our-
seves of ths mpedment to our wshes: perhaps, when he
sha hear that she s no more, he may despar of obtanng
her, and surrender hmsef to your desres.
rsace eagery sezed upon ths dea: her rage and ea-
ousy had but too we prepared her for embracng the crue
e pedent. Tou advse we, she reped, w ta e
care to have ths wretch removed out of our way. ut
who w you get to put your desgn nto e ecuton sad
Cybee, for though your power here s great, the aws ustum et tenacem propost vrum.

on vutus nstants tyrann
Mente uatt soda. or. . d. . 1.
pptfv ay pav.
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1 0 T D TU
forbd you to put any one to death wthout the sentence of
the udges. Tou must undergo, therefore, some troube
and deay n framng a fcttous charge aganst ths maden
and there w, besdes, be some dffcuty n provng t. To
save you the pan and hazard of ths proceedng, am ready
to dare and suffer anythng. w, f you thn ft, do the
deed wth poson, and by means of a medcated cup remove
our adversary.
rsace approved, and bd her e ecute her purpose. he
ost no tme, but went to the unhappy Charcea, whom she
found n tears, and revovng how she coud escape from fe
of whch she was now weary suspectng as she dd the suf-
ferngs and mprsonment of Theagenes, though Cybee had
endeavoured to concea them from her, and had nvented
varous e cuses for hs unusua absence.
The bedame thus addressed her: hy w you con-
sume yoursef n contnua, and now causeess, amen-
tatons Theagenes s free, and w be wth you here ths
evenng. s mstress, angry at some faut whch he had
commtted n her servce, ordered hm nto a sght confne-
ment, but has ths day gven drectons for hs reease, n
honour of a feast whch she s preparng to ceebrate, and
n compance wth my entreates. rse, therefore, com-
pose yoursef, and refresh your sprts wth a sght refec-
ton.
ow sha beeve you reped the affcted maden,
you have deceved me so often, that now not how to
credt what you say.
swear to you, by a the gods, sad Cybee, a your
troubes sha have an end ths day a your an ety
sha be removed, ony do not frst yoursef by ab-
stanng obstnatey, as you do, from food. Taste, then,
the repast whch have provded.
Charcea was, wth dffcuty, persuaded, though she very
naturay entertaned suspcons the protestatons, however,
of the od woman, and the peasng hopes suggested prevaed
at ength (for what the mnd desres t beeves), and they
sat down to the repast.
Cybee motoned to bra, the save, who wated upon
them, to gve the cup, after she had m ed the wne, frst to
Charcea she then too another hersef and dran . he
Thy wsh was father, arry, to that thought. ha espeare.
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T d U D C U C . 1 1
had not swaowed a that was presented to her, when she
appeared sezed wth dzzness and throwng what remaned
n the cup upon the ground. and castng a ferce oo upon
the attendant, her body was attac ed wth voent spasms
and convusons. Charcea, and a who were n the room,
were struc wth horror, and attempted to rase and assst
her but the poson, potent enough to destroy a young and
vgorous person, wrought more uc y than can be e -
pressed upon her od and worn-out body. t sezed the
vtas she was consumed by nward fre her mbs, whch
were at frst convused, became at ength stff and moton-
ess, and a bac coour spread tsef over her s n. ut
the mace of her sou was more magnant even than the
poson, and Cybee, even n death dd not gve over her
wc ed arts but by sgns and bro en accents, gave the
assstants to understand that she was posoned by the con-
trvance of Charcea. o sooner dd she e pre than the
nnocent maden was bound, and carred before rsace.
hen the prncess as ed her f she had prepared the
fata draught, and threatened her, f she woud not confess
the whoe truth, that torments shoud force t from her, her
behavour astonshed a the behoders. he dd not cast
down her eyes she betrayed no fear she even smed, and
treated the affar wth scorn, dsregardng, n conscous
nnocence, the ncredbe accusaton, and re ocng n the
mputaton of the gut, f through the agency of others, t
shoud brng her to a death, whch Theagenes had aready
undergone. f Theagenes be ave, sad she, am
totay gutess of ths crme but f he has faen a vctm
to your most vrtuous practces, t needs no tortures to
e tract a confesson from me: then am the posoner of
your ncomparabe nurse, treat me as f were guty, and
by ta ng my fe, gratfy hm who oathed your unhaowed
wshes.
rsace was stung nto fury by ths: she ordered her to
be smtten on the face, and then sad Ta e ths wretch,
bound as she s, and shew her her precous over sufferng,
as he has we deserved then oad every mb wth fetters
and dever her to uphrates bd hm confne her n a
dungeon t to-morrow, when she w receve from the
Persan magstrates the sentence of death.
he they were eadng her away, the gr who had poured
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1 2 T D TU
out the wne at the fata repast, who was an onan by
naton, and the same who was sent at frst by rsace to
wat upon her Grecan gnests (whether out of compasson
for Charcea, whom nobody coud attend and not ove, or
moved by a sudden mpuse from heaven,) burst nto tears,
and cred out most unhappy and gutess maden
The bystanders wonderng at ths e camaton and pressng
her to e pan ts meanng, she confessed that t was she
who had gven the poson to Cybee, from whom she had
receved t, n order that t mght be admnstered to Char-
cea. he decared, that ether overcome by trepdaton at
the enormty of the acton, or confused at the sgns made by
Cybee, to present the gobet frst to the young stranger,
she had, n her hurry, changed the cups, and gven that
contanng the poson to the od woman.
he was mmedatey ta en before rsace, every one
hearty wshng that Charcea mght be found nnocent
for beauty, and nobeness of demeanour, can move com-
passon even n the mnds of barbarans.
The save repeated before her mstress a she had sad
before, but t was of no ava towards cearng the nno-
cent maden, and served ony to nvove hersef n the same
punshment for rsace, sayng she was an accompce,
commanded her to be bound, thrown nto prson, and
reserved wth the other for tra and she sent drecty
to the magstrates, who formed the upreme Counc and
to whom t beonged to try crmnas and to pronounce
ther sentence, orderng them to assembe on the morrow.
t the apponted tme, when the court was met, rsace
stated the case, and accused Charcea of the posonng
amentng, wth many tears, the oss she had sustaned n a
fathfu and affectonate od servant, whom no treasures
coud repace cang the udges themseves to wtness the
ngrattude wth whch she had been treated, n that, after
she had receved and entertaned the strangers wth the
greatest ndness and humanty, she had met wth such
a base return: n short, her tone was throughout btter and
magnant.
Charcea made no defence, but confessed the crme,
admttng that she had admnstered the poson, and de-
carng, that had she not been prevented, she woud have
gven another poton to rsace whom she attac ed n good
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T G D C . 1 3
set terms provo ng, n short, by every means n her
power, the sentence of the udges.
Ths behavour was the conse uence of a pan concerted
between her and Theagenes the nght before, n the prson,
where they had agreed that she shoud vountary meet the
doom wth whch she was threatened, and ut a wanderng
and wretched fe, now become ntoerabe by the mpacabe
pursuts of adverse fortune. fter whch they too a ast
meanchoy embrace and she bound about her body the
ewes whch had been e posed wth her, whch she aways
carred about her, conceang them under her garments to
serve as attendants upon her obse ues and she now un-
dauntedy avowed every crme whch was ad to her charge,
and added others whch her accusers had not thought of so
that the udges, wthout any hestaton, were very near
awardng her the most crue punshment, usua n such
cases, among the Persans. t ast, however, moved
perhaps by her youth, her beauty, and nobe ar, they con-
demned her to be burnt ave.
he was dragged drecty out of the court, and ed by the
e ecutoners wthout the was, the crer procamng that a
prsoner was gong to suffer for the crme of posonng and
a vast muttude foc ng together, and foowng her, poured
out of the cty.
mong the spectators upon the was rsace had the
cruety to present hersef, that she mght satate her re-
venge, and obtan a savage consoaton for her dsappont-
ment, n vewng the sufferngs of her to whom she mputed
t. The mnsters of ustce now made ready and ghted an
mmense pe and were preparng to pace the nnocent
vctm upon t, when she begged a deay of a few moments,
promsng that she woud hersef vountary ascend t and
now turnng towards the rsng sun, and ftng up her eyes
and hands to heaven, she e camed sun earth
ceesta and nferna detes who vew and punsh the
actons of the wc ed ca upon you to wtness how n-
Putarch thus descrbes the punshment of posoners among the
Persans. Posoners are put to death, by the Persan aws, n the
foowng manner. The head of the crmna s ad upon a fat stone,
the e ecutoner wth another stone beats and pounds hs head, unt
both head and face are entrey crushed.
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1 4 T D TU
nocent am of the crme of whch am accused. eceve
me proptousy, who am now preparng to undergo a voun-
tary death, unabe to support any onger the crue and un-
reentng attac s of adverse fortune but may your speedy
vengeance overta e that wor er of ev, the accursed and
aduterous rsace the dsappontment of whose profgate
desgns upon Theagenes has urged her thus to wrea her
fury upon me. Ths appea, and these protestatons, caused
a murmur n the assemby. ome sad the matter ought to
undergo a further e amnaton some wshed to hnder,
others advanced to prevent her mountng the pe: but she
put them a asde, and ascended t ntrepdy.
he paced hersef n the mdst of t, and remaned for a
consderabe tme unhurt, the fames payng harmessy
around her, rather than approachng her not n urng her
n the east tut recedng wthersoever she turned hersef
so that ther ony effect seemed to be to gve ght and
spendour to her charms as she ay e a brde upon a fery
nupta couch.
he shfted hersef from one sde of the pe to another,
marveng as much as any one ese, at what happened, and
see ng for destructon, but st wthout effect for the fre
ever retreated, and seemed to shun her approach. The e e-
cutoners on ther part were not de, but threw on mora
fue ( rsace by sgns nctng them), dry wood, and reeds,
and every thng that was ey to rase and feed the fame
yet a was to no purpose and now a murmur growng nto
a tumut, began to run through the assemby: they cred
out Ths s a dvne nterposton the maden s un-
usty accused she s surey nnocent and advancng
towards the pe, they drove away the mnsters of ustce,
Thyams, whom the uproar had roused from hs retrement,
now appearng at ther head, and cang on the peope for
assstance. They were eager to dever Charcea, but durst
not approach too near. They earnesty desred her, therefore,
to come down hersef from the pe for there coud be no
danger n passng through the fames, to one who appeared
even to be untouched by them. Charcea seeng and hear-
ng ths, and beevng too that some dvnty was reay
nterposng to preserve her, deemed that she ought not to
appear ungratefu, or re ect the mercy, and eapt ghty
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T G D C C . 1
from the pe : at whch sght the whoe cty rased a sudden
shout of wonder, oy, and than sgvng to the gods.
rsace, too, behed ths prodgy wth astonshment, but
wth very dfferent sensatons. he coud not contan her
rage. he eft the ramparts, hurred through a postern
gate, attended by her guards and the Persan nobes, and
hersef ad voent hands on Charcea. Castng a furous
gance at the peope re ye not ashamed, she cred, to
assst n wthdrawng from punshment a wretched creature
detected n the very fact of posonng, and confessng t
Do ye not consder, that whe shewng a bameabe com-
passon to ths wc ed woman, ye are puttng yourseves n
opposton to the aws of the Persans to the udges, the
peers, the vceroys, and to the Great ng hmsef. The
fact of her not burnng has perhaps moved you, and ye at-
trbute t to the nterposton of the gods, not consderng
that ths yet more fuy proves her gut. uch s her
nowedge of charms, and wtchcraft, that she s enabed to
resst even the force of fre. Come a of you to-morrow
to the e amnaton whch sha be hed n pubc, and you
sha not ony hear her confess her crmes hersef, but sha
fnd her convcted aso by her accompces whom have n
custody.
he then commanded Charcea to be ed away, st
eepng her hod upon her nec , and orderng her guards
to dsperse the crowd, who were wth dffcuty prevented
from nterferng for her rescue but who at ength gave
way, party suspectng her to be a sorceress, and party
through awe of the person, and dreadng the power, of
rsace.
Charcea then was agan commtted to the custody of
uphrates agan thrown nto prson, and reserved tor a
second tra, and a second sentence re ocng however
amdst her troubes, that she shoud once more have an op-
portunty of seeng, and conversng wth, Theagenes for rsace, out of a refnement of cruety. had ordered them
to be confned n one dungeon, that each mght be a specta-
tor of the other s sufferngs for she we new that a
tender heart s much more hurt by the pans of those t
oves than by ts own. n ths nstance, however, her savage
mnd was dsapponted and what she meant as a punsho 2
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1 T1T D TU r
ment turned out a consoaton. They too a meanchoy
peasure n sufferng for each other, and n sufferng e uay.
ad a greater share of torments been nfcted upon ether,
the other woud have been eaous, and thought hs ove de-
frauded moreover they were now together they coud con-
verse wth, comfort, and encourage one another to bear ther
caamtes wth forttude, and to resst courageousy every
tra that mght endanger ther purty or fdety. They
passed the greatest part of the nght n spea ng on such
topcs, as mght ndeed be e pected from a par, whose
whoe deght was n ther mutua conversaton, and who
despared of ever passng another nght together agan.
t ength they came to the mracuous event whch hap-
pened at the pyre. Theagenes attrbuted t to the benevo-
ence of the gods, who were angry at the n ustce of rsace,
and who pted Charcea s nnocence and pety. he her-
sef was n doubt whether to than or compan of heaven.
The manfest nterposton of the gods at the pace of e -
ecuton, was a mar of ther ndness and protecton but
to be preserved from death, ony to be punged afresh n
new and unceasng troubes, was rather a sgn of ther hav-
ng ncurred, and st contnung under, the dvne ds-
peasure: uness ndeed, t were some wonder-wor ng
method of the dety deghtng to punge them nto the
deepest msery, n order to shew ts power of savng them
when ther condton appeared desperate.
he was gong on n a companng stye, when Theagenes
stopped her, bddng her spea more reverenty, nor to
scrutnze the conduct of the Dety. uddeny she e -
camed, May the gods be proptous to us, for ust
now ca to mnd a dream, (or rather wa ng vson), whch
had ast nght, and whch the une pected sght of you
agan, and the varous matters whch we have snce ta ed
of, had drven from my memory. The vson was ths:
The beatfed Caasrs appeared to me (whether n reaty
or n dea, am not certan) and repeated these nes, for
the words fe nto verse
earng Pantarbe, fear not fames, far mad,
ate, to whom nought s hard, sha brng thee ad.
tavrapGr v popovoa rupoc p raptu hpwr v
Pr ug pac a ra o r ra r .
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T D C C . 1 7
Theagenes on hs part appeared suddeny e one under
supernatura mpuse, for sprngng forwards, as far as hs
fetters woud permt hm, he e camed The gods be
gracous to us recoecton ma es me aso a poet had,
mysef, a e vson. Caasrs, or some dety n hs shape,
appeared to me, and addressed me n these nes:
rom rsace, the morrow sees thee free
To .( thopa wth the vrgn fee.
ow, ready comprehend the meanng of the orace
whch s gven to me. y thopa, s sgnfed the dar
abode of those who dwe under the earth by the vrgn,
Proserpne by freedom, my reease from ths wretched
body: but do not so ready understand that whch reates
to you there appears to be a contradcton n t. The
name of Pantarbe means a fear, and yet from t you are
promsed assstance.
My dearest Theagenes, reped Charcea, you have
been so accustomed to msfortunes that you use yoursef to
nterpret every thng n ts worst sense the mnd of man
so ready ta es a coour from ts crcumstances. The
oraces appear to me to admt of much more favourabe
meanng. The vrgn, nstead of Proserpne, means perhaps
me, wth whom you are to escape to thopa, my country,
after you sha have been devered from the prsons of
rsace. ow a ths s to be brought about s not very
apparent, but t s not ncredbe. very thng s possbe
to the gods and they who have favoured us wth ths pre-
dcton, w watch over ts accompshment. The prophecy
whch reates to me, so far from beng obscure, s, as you
see, fufed and am, contrary to a e pectaton, ave,
and unhurt, at east by the fames: was htherto gnorant
that carred the cause of my preservaton about me, but
now 1 fancy that understand the words. too partcuar
care at the tme of my tra, as ndeed had been wont to
do before, to have the ewes whch were e posed wth
me, bound cosey about my body, conceang them
under my garments n case shoud escape, they woud
hep to support my fe f were doomed to suffer, they
orov tf ycav a p ta a/ uya ovpr
fffuv pra uv avpov rpopvywv.
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1 8 T D TU P
woud adorn my funera. mong these, whch consst of
costy nec aces, and ndan and thopan ewes, there s
a rng, gven by my father to my mother when they were
betrothed: wthn the bez s a stone caed Pantarbe t s
nscrbed wth sacred etters, and endowed wth mystc
vrtues, from whence, as con ecture, t obtans the power to
preserve those who wear t from the force of fre. Ths,
therefore, most probaby, and the good peasure of the
gods, s what has preserved me. remember too, that our
frend, Caasrs, (now n happness,) tod me that some-
thng of ths vrtue was hnted at n the wrtng nscrbed
on the fet whch was e posed wth me, and whch aways
wear round my wast.
hat you say, reped Theagenes, may perhaps be
true what has happened seems to confrm your con ecture:
but what Pantarbe w dever us from the dangers whch
threaten us to-morrow Ths stone, though t preserves
from fre, does not confer mmortaty, and the wc ed
rsace w fnd out some other, and new nd of punsh-
ment. ow do wsh that she woud nvove us both n
the same sentence, that one and the same hour mght end
our troubes shoud not esteem such a departure death,
but repose and ease to our manfod mseres.
e not so cast down, sad Charcea, the orace pro-
mses us another Pantarbe. et us trust n the gods, so
w our deverance be more gratefu or, f we be doomed
to de, pety w soften and sanctfy our sufferngs.
n such conversatons were the unfortunate overs em-
poyed each more soctous for the fate whch awated the
other, than for hs own. They vowed to be fathfu, and
ove one another t death and begued the meanchoy
moments n these, whch they thought woud be ther ast,
protestatons. Meanwhe agoas and hs troop of horse
arrved at Memphs, n the mdde of the nght, whe every
one was bured n seep. nd when they had, wthout
tumut, roused the guards, and made nown who they were,
they were admtted and entered nto the court of the ce-
roy s paace. agoas caused hs men to surround the
budng, that he mght be prepared, n case of meetng
wth any resstance and he hmsef ganng admsson by a
crazy postern gate, and commandng sence to the person
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T G D C C . 1
there, hastened, wth ease, from hs nowedge of the pace,
to the apartments of uphrates, the moon affordng a tte
ght. uphrates was n hed hut beng roused by the
nose made at hs door, started up, and caed out ho s
there t s , sad agoas ma e no nose, but
order a ght to be brought. The other ordered a boy, who
sept n hs chamber, to brng a ght, but to ta e care not
to awa en any one ese.
hen the ght came, and the boy had retred, uphrates
began hat new caamty does ths sudden and une -
pected appearance of yours announce There s no
need, returned the other, of many words ta e and read
ths etter. ecognse the sea of roondates, and obey hs
commands. ths very nght, wth secrecy and e pedton.
Ma e use of the soders whom have brought wth me,
that you may gve the ess aarm. eave you to udge for
yoursef whether you w or w not frst dscose the
busness to rsace.
uphrates too the etters, and perused them both.
Ths, says he, w be a fresh bow to my mstress, and
she needs no addtona affcton for she was yesterday
sezed wth a sudden dsorder, as f by a stro e from
heaven, and she now es n a burnng fever, and s n the
utmost danger of her fe. s for these etters, woud
not show them to her at present, even were she n good
heath, for now that she woud sooner de hersef, and
nvove us n the same destructon, than part wth these
young peope. Tou are arrved ust n tme to save them.
Come then forthwth receve those whom you see ta e
them away use them ndy yoursef, and endeavour to
procure for them the same treatment from others. Ther
stuaton may we e cte your compasson for have been
obged, much aganst my w, but at the ne orabe com-
mand of rsace, to nfct upon them a varety of punsh-
ments and tortures. They seem, besdes, to be we born,
and, to udge from ther habtua conduct, possessed of ds-
creton and good sense. nd so sayng, he rose and
conducted agoas to the prson, who, as soon as he saw the
young captves, pae and e hausted as they were wth ther
sufferngs, he coud not hep beng wonderfuy struc wth
ther form and beauty. They, concudng that ths unsea-
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200 T D TU 3
sonabe vst announced ther fate, and that agoas was
come to ead one of them, at east, to tra and e ecuton,
were at frst rather agtated but soon recoverng an ar of
cheerfuness, they appeared peased rather than greved.
uphrates advanced and as he was preparng to oose
ther fetters from the wooden boc , Theagenes e camed,
ccursed rsace he hopes to concea her abomnabe
actons n dar ness and obscurty. ut et her now that
the eye of ustce s most percng that t w brng to ght
her most secret crmes and dspay her wc edness n the face
of the sun. ut do you, mnsters of her cruety, e ecute
her commands. Grant us, however, one ast and ony
favour: whether we be doomed to de by fre, by water, or
by the sword, et us suffer together, and end our wretched
beng by one and the same nd of death. Charcea
oned n ths suppcaton. The eunuchs, who understood
what they sad, shed tears, and brought them out n chans
as they were.
hen they had eft the paace, uphrates remaned
where he was and agoas, orderng hs foowers to ta e
off a ther fetters, e cept such as were ust necessary to
prevent an escape, paced them on horsebac , surrounded
wth hs troop, and too , wth a e pedton, the road to
Thebes.
They rode a that nght, and the ne t day t nne
o coc , when, beng spent wth want of seep, and e posed
to the summer rays of an gyptan sun, Charcea partcu-
ary, unused to ths nd of traveng, beng neary e -
hausted wth fatgue, they resoved, at ast, to ma e a hat,
to breathe ther horses, and to refresh themseves. They
chose for ths purpose an eevated and pro ectng pace on
the ban s of the e, where the rver, turnng from ts
drect course, and wndng nto a semcrce, forms a spot
somethng resembng the guf of prus, whch, beng
ept contnuay most, abounded n grass and herbage proper
for ther beasts. ere, too, were peach trees, sycamores,
and others whch ove to grow n the neghbourhood of the
e, these over-arched and afforded them a peasant shade.
agoas avaed hmsef of ther sheter nstead of tents, and
here he too some refreshment, nvtng Theagenes and
Charcea to parta e of hs repast. They refused at frst
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T G D C C . 201
he pressed them and when they reped that t was need-
ess for those who were gong to e ecuton to troube them-
seves about nourshment, he tod them they were much
msta en f they thought ther ves n any danger for he
was not eadng them to death, but to the vceroy roondates.
The merdan heat of the sun had now passed t was no
onger vertca, but ts beams struc upon them ateray.
agoas thereupon prepared to pursue hs march, when a
courer arrved wth great precptaton, hmsef out of
breath, and hs horse droppng wth sweat, and ready to
sn under hm wth fatgue. s soon as he had spo en
a word to agoas n prvate, he remaned n sence. The
eunuch f ng for some tme hs eyes on the ground, wth
a serous and refectng ar, at ast sad, e oce, strangers
Tou are revenged of your enemy. rsace s no more. s
soon as she heard that you were gone away wth me, she
stranged hersef, and has prevented an nfcted, by a
vountary, death for her crmes have been such, that she
had no hope of escapng the ust resentment of roondates
and the sentence of the Great ng, and must ether have
ost her fe, or have spent the remander of t n nfamy
and confnement. e of good cheer, then fear nothng
now your nnocence, and your persecutor s removed.
agoas sad ths as he stood near them, wth dffcuty
e pressng hmsef n the Gree tongue, and usng many
uncouth words but he spo e wth sncerty of heart, for
he re oced at the death of rsace, whose dssoute manners
and tyrannca dsposton he abomnated and he wshed
to comfort and encourage the young peope he thought
moreover that he shoud recommend hmsef to roondates
by a very acceptabe servce, by preservng for hm ths
young man, who woud throw nto the shade a the rest of
hs attendants and by presentng hm wth a maden
worthy n every respect to suppy the pace of rsace.
Theagenes and Charcea, too, re oced at ths nte-
gence. They adored the ustce of the gods and fet that,
after ths sudden and deserved end of ther enemy, they
shoud not fee ther msfortunes, however severe so we-
come s death to some f ony t be shared n by ther foes.
venng now approached. refreshng breeze sprang up,
and nvted them to contnue ther ourney. They traveed
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202 T D TU
a that nght, and part of the ne t mornng, ma ng a
possbe e pedton to Thebes, n hopes of fndng roon-
dates there. n ths hope, however, agoas was dsap-
ponted. efore he arrved at that cty, a courer met hm,
and nformed hm that roondates had set out for yene,
eavng the strctest orders to hs offcers to coect every
man, even from the garrsons, and march them after hm
to that pace for the greatest apprehensons were enter-
taned that the town woud be ta en before the satrap
coud arrve to ts succour, the thopan army havng
appeared at ts gates before any ntegence was receved
that t was n moton. agoas, therefore, turned out of
the road to Thebes, and too that of yene.
hen he came near the pace, he fe n wth a troop of
thopans, who had been sent out to scour the country,
and to ascertan the safety of the roads for the march of
ther own army. verta en by nght, and gnorant of the
ground, they had conceaed themseves behnd some bushes
(n obedence to the orders gven them), watchng for the
passng by of any prey whch they mght seze, and aso
provdng for ther own securty. t brea of day they
perceved the approach of agoas and hs company. They
despsed the smaness of ther number, but et them a
pass by, n order to assure themseves that there was no
greater force behnd and then suddeny rushng from ther
conceament n the marsh, they pursued and attac ed them
wth a great shout.
agoas and hs men, astonshed at the sudden nose and
assaut, seeng from ther coour that they were thopans,
and from ther number (whch amounted to near a thou-
sand ght-armed men), that resstance was van, dd not
awat ther approach, but too to fght. They retreated at
frst wth some degree of order, to avod the appearance of
a compete rout. The enemy detached after them a band
of two hundred Trogodtes. The Trogodtes are a pastora
naton, on the borders of raba, of great natura agty,
whch they ncrease by e ercse. They are unused to heavy
erodotus gves the same account of the swftness of ths race,
and mentons ther subsstng upon sna es, zards, and other reptes,
addng, that ther anguage resembes the shr cry of a bat they
are the modern Tbboos. ee erod, v. 183, a esey s dt
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T G D C . 203
armour, but, wth sngs and msse weapons, endeavour to
ma e an mpresson upon the enemy at a dstance, from
whom, f they fnd them superor, they mmedatey retreat.
The enemy do not ta e the troube to pursue them, nowng
them to be swft as the wnd, and gven to hde themseves
n caverns, whch they ma e ther habtatons. They,
though on foot, soon overtoo agoas and hs fyng
s uadron, and ma ng use of ther sngs, wounded some
of them from afar, yet, on ther facng about, dd not awat
ther assaut, but retreated headong to ther own comrades.
The Persans seeng ths, and percevng the smaness of
ther number, ventured to attac them and havng easy
repused them for a space, turned agan, and puttng spurs
to ther horses, contnued ther fght wth sac ened ren
and wth the utmost speed. ome, desertng the man
body, and hurryng to a bend n the e, hd themseves
under ts ban s. The horse of agoas fe wth hm one
of hs egs was fractured wth the fa, and beng unabe to
move, he was ta en prsoner.
Theagenes and Charcea, too, were made captves. They
thought t dshonourabe to desert agoas, who had shown
them much ndness, and from whom they hoped more n
future. They ept, therefore, by hs sde, dsmountng from
ther horses, and vountary offered themseves to the enemy
Theagenes sayng to Charcea, Ths e pans my dream:
these are the thopans nto whose ands we are fated to
go: et us gve ourseves up nto ther hands, and awat an
uncertan fortune wth them, rather than e pose ourseves
to manfest danger wth roondates.
Charcea thought she coud now perceve hersef to be
ed on by the hand of destny: a secret hope of better
fortune began to nsnuate tsef nto her bosom, and she
coud not hep consderng those who attac ed them as
frends rather than enemes but not venturng to dscose
her presages to Theagenes, she contented hersef wth
e pressng her consent to hs advce.
hen the thopans approached, and observed agoas,
from hs features, to be a eunuch, and ncapabe of resst-
ance, and the others unarmed and n chans, but of e tra-
ordnary grace and beauty,they n ured who they were. They
made use of an gyptan nterpreter, whom they carred wth
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204 T D TU
them, who understood besdes a tte Persan, concudng
that the prsoners spo e one or other of these tongues for
e perence had taught them that a body detached as spes
and scouts ought aways to have some one wth them who
naturay spea s or understands the anguage of the country
whch they are sent to reconnotre.
Theagenes, who, from hs ong resdence n the and, had
ac ured somethng of the gyptan tongue, reped, that
the eunuch was one of the chef offcers of the Persan
vceroy that he hmsef and Charcea were Grecans by
brth, ta en prsoners, frst by the Persans, and now voun-
tary captves to the thopans, as they hoped, under better
auspces.
The enemy determned to spare ther ves, and to dever
them, as the frst fruts of vctory, to ther soveregn, oo ng
upon them as amongst the most vauabe possessons of
the satrap eunuchs are rec oned as the eyes and ears of
a Persan court, havng nether chdren nor conne ons
to turn asde ther fdety, they are whoy attached to the
person and servce of ther master ther young prsoners,
too, appeared to them to be the most beautfu persons
they had ever seen, and promsed to be conspcuous orna-
ments to the roya househod. They mounted them, there-
fore, upon horses, and carred them aong wth them,
though the accdent of agoas, and the fetters of the
others, prevented ther traveng very fast. ere, then, was a nd of proogue to another drama:
ust before they were prsoners n a foregn and, and on
the verge of beng brought out to a pubc and gnomnous
e ecuton now they were beng carred, or rather escorted,
though n captve guse, by those destned, ere ong, to be
ther sub ects. uch was ther present stuaton.
ee en. Cyrop. v. . 0.
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T G D C C . 20
.
tene was now cosey boc aded, and on every sde, as
-wth a net, nvested by the thopan army.
roondates, as soon as he was nformed of the desgn and
sudden approach of the enemy (who, havng passed the
cataracts, were pressng towards the pace), usng the
utmost dgence and e pedton, had contrved to throw
hmsef nto the cty before ther arrva and after
pantng hs engnes and artery upon the was, awated
the attac , and made every preparaton for a vgorous
defence.
ydaspes, the ng of thopa, though he was deceved
n the hope of surprsng the town before they had any
notce of hs approach, nvested t, however, on a sdes,
and surroundng t wth a ne of crcumvaaton, made for
the present no attac , but sat down uety before t, fng
and e haustng the pans of yene wth myrads of men,
beasts, and catte. ere the party whch has been men-
toned brought ther captves nto hs presence.
e was deghted at the sght of the young peope hs
sou, by a secret prescent movement, of whch he new not
the cause, ncnng towards hs chdren. e thought ths
too an omen of vctory, and oyfuy e camed ee the
fods, as our frst spos, dever up to us our enemes n
bonds. et these then, as our frst captves, be carefuy
preserved for our trumphant sacrfces to be offered, as the
customs of thopa re ure, to the gods of our country,
when we sha have subdued our foes. nd havng prased
and rewarded the captors, he sent them, together wth ther
prsoners, to the rear of the army, orderng the atter to
be ept under a guard (many of whom understood ther
anguage), to be treated, attended, and provded for n
the most carefu and spendd manner, and especay
to be preserved from a contamnaton, as destned to be
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20 T D TU
sacred vctms. e drected ther ron chans to be ta en
off, and fetters of god to be pnt on n ther room for ths
meta s used by the thopans n the way n whch other
natons use ron. s commands were obeyed and the
overs, when they saw ther frst chans ta en off, began to
entertan hopes of berty, whch were soon crushed by the
appearance and appcaton of the goden ones.
Theagenes coud not forbear smng, and e camed
ere s, ndeed, a spendd mutaton of fortune the god-
dess s very nd to us, and changes our ron for god:
enrched by our fetters, we are become prsoners of hgh
prce.
Charcea smed at ths say, and tred to eep up
hs sprts, nsstng that the more favourabe predctons of
the gods were begnnng to be fufed, and endeavourng
to soothe hs mnd wth better hopes.
ydaspes, who had fattered hmsef that he shoud
ta e yene at hs frst appearance, wthout opposton,
beng very neary repused by the garrson, defendng
themseves bravey, rrtated besdes by nsutng speeches,
determned no onger to contnue the boc ade, by whch,
the cty mght at ast be ta en, to the destructon of some
and the escape of others: but, by a new and unusua way
of assaut, to nvove the town, and ts defenders, n one
common and unversa run.
s pan of attac was ths: he descrbed a crce round
the was, whch he dvded nto portons of ten cubts each,
assgnng ten men to every dvson, and orderng them to
dg a wde and deep dtch. They dug t accordngy, whe
others, wth the earth they threw out, rased a mound or wa
parae wth, and neary e ua n heght, to that of the pace
whch they were besegng. The garrson made no attempt to
hnder these operatons the besegng army was so nume-
rous, that they durst not venture on a say and the wor s
were carred on at such a dstance from the was, as to bo
out of the reach of ther msse weapons.
hen he had competed ths part of hs pan, wth
wonderfu dspatch, owng to the muttude of men em-
poyed n t, and the dgence wth whch he urged on ther
abours, he proceeded to e ecute another wor . e eft a
part of the crce, to the space of about ffty feet, pan and
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T G D C . 207
unfed up. rom each e tremty of the dtch above de-
scrbed, he e tended a ong mound down to the e, rasng
t hgher and hgher as t approached the rver. t had the
appearance of two ong was, preservng a the way the
breadth of ffty feet.
hen he had carred on hs nes so that they oned the
rver, he cut a passage for t. and poured ts waters nto the
channe, whch he had provded for them. They, rushng
from hgher nto ower ground, and from thevast wdth of the
e nto the narrow channe, and confned by the mounds
on each sde, thundered through the passage and channe
wth a nose and mpetuosty that mght be heard at a great
dstance.
The fearfu sght and sound struc the ears and met the
eyes of the astonshed nhabtants of yene. They saw the
aarmng crcumstances n whch they were, and that the
vew of the besegers was, to overwhem them wth the waters.
The trenches whch surrounded, and the nundaton whch
was now fast approachng, prevented ther escapng out
of the cty, and t was mpossbe for them to reman ong
n t, wthout the e tremest danger they too measures,
therefore, as we as they were abe, for ther own pro-
tecton.
n the frst pace, they fed up and secured every openng
and crevce n the gates wth ptch and tow then they
propped and strengthened the was wth earth, stones, and
wood, heapng up aganst them anythng whch was at hand.
very one was empoyed women, chdren, and od men
for no age, no se , ever refuses abour when t s for the
preservaton of ther ves. They who were best abe to
bear fatgue were empoyed n dggng a subterraneous and
narrow passage, from the cty to the enemy s mound, whch
wor was thus conducted:
They frst sun a shaft near the was, to the depth of
fve cubts and when they had dug t beow the founda-
tons, they carred ther mne on forwards towards the
buwar s wth whch they were ncosed, wor ng by torch-
ght those who were behnd recevng, n reguar order,
the earth thrown out from those who were before, and de-
postng t at ength n a vacant pace n the cty, formery
occuped by gardens, where they rased t nto a heap.
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208 T D TU
Ther ntenton n these operatons, was to gve some vent
and outet to the waters, n case they shoud reach the cty
but the approach of the caamtes whch threatened them
was too speedy for ther endeavours to prevent t. The
e, rong through the channe whch had been prepared
for t, soon reached the trench, overfowed t everywhere,
and formed a a e of the whoe space between the dy e and
the was so that an nand town seemed e an sand n
the mdst of the sea, beaten and dashed aganst on a sdes
by the waves.
t frst, and for the space of a day, the strength of the
was ressted but the contnued pressure of the waters,
whch were now rased to a great heght, and penetrated
deepy nto an earth bac and smy, whch was ceft
n many paces, from the summer s heat, sensby under-
mned the was the bottom yeded to the pressure of the
top, and wherever, owng to the fssures n the ground, a
settement too pace, there the was began to totter n
severa paces, menacng a downfa, whe they who shoud
have defended the towers were drven from ther statons
by the oscaton.
Towards evenng a consderabe porton of the wa
between the towers fe down not so much, however, as
to be even wth the ground, and afford a passage to the
waters, for t was st about fve cubts above them but
now the danger of an nundaton was mmnent and most
aarmng.
t ths sght a genera cry of horror and dsmay arose n
the cty, whch mght be heard even n the enemy s camp
the wretched nhabtants stretched out ther hands to the
gods, n whom ony they had hope, and besought roondates
to send deputes wth offers of submsson to ydaspes.
e, reduced to be the save of ortune, unwngy stened
to ther entreates but he was entrey surrounded wth
water, and t beng out of hs power to send an offcer to
the enemy, he was reduced by necessty to ths contrvance
he wrote down the purport of ther wshes, ted t to a stone,
and endeavoured, by means of a sng, to ma e t serve the pur-
pose of a messenger by traversng the waters but hs desgn
was dsapponted the stone fe short, and dropped nto the
water before t reached the other sde. e repeated the
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T G D C C . 20
e perment severa tmes. The archers and sngers straned
every nerve to accompsh that upon whch they thought
ther safety and fe depended but st wthout success.
t ength, stretchng out ther hands to the enemy, who
stood on ther wor s spectators of ther dstress, the mser-
abe ctzens mpored ther compasson by the most pteous
gestures, and endeavoured to sgnfy what was meant by
ther neffectua stones and arrows now caspng ther
hands together, and hodng them forwards n a suppant
manner now puttng ther arms behnd ther bac s, n
to en that they submtted to servtude.
ydaspes understood ther sgns, and was ready to receve
ther submsson for great mnds are easy ncned to
cemency by the sght of a prostrate enemy but he was
desrous frst to ma e tra of ther ntentons. _,
e had aready prepared some rver-craft, whch foatng down the e, were drawn up near the mound: he chose
ten of these, and fng them wth archers, he ordered them
what to say to the Persans, and sent them towards the
cty. They set out we prepared to defend themseves, n
case the enemy shoud attempt anythng aganst them.
Ths passage of a vesse, from wa to wa, presented a
nove sght marners sang over an nand country and
cutvated pans: war, whch s wont to produce strange
spectaces, sedom, perhaps, afforded a more uncommon one
than ths a navy proceedng aganst a town, and saors, n
boats, engaged wth soders upon the was.
Those n the cty observed the boats ma ng for the part
of the wa whch had faen down, and ther sprts beng
sun wth ther msfortunes, surrounded as they were wth
pers, they began to suspect and dread the desgns of those
who were comng for ther preservaton: for, n such e -
tremty of danger, everythng s a cause of suspcon and of
fear. They began, therefore, to cast ther darts and to
shoot ther arrows towards those who were n the boats: for
men, who despar of safety, thn even the shortest deay
of destructon as so much ganed. They fung ther weapons,
however, n such a manner as not to nfct wounds, but
ony to hnder the approach of the enemy.
The thopans returned the attac more n earnest, not
rav fo o 3tpbv rb rpootprov. - sch. P. . 127.
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210 T DT
nowng the ntentons of the Persans: they wounded
severa of those who were upon the ramparts, some of whom
tumbed over nto the water. The engagement was pro-
ceedng vth greater warmth, one party endeavourng
merey to repuse the other to attac , when an od man, of
great authorty among the yensoans, who stood upon the
wa, thus addressed hs feow-ctzens:
nfatuated men your dstresses seem to have ta en away
your senses. Tou have encouraged and besought the
thopans to come to your assstance and now, when
they are, beyond a your hopes, arrved, you do everythng
n your power to drve them away agan. f they come
wth frendy ntentons, and brng condtons of peace, they
are your preservers f they have hoste desgns, you need
not fear ther andng we are so numerous, that we sha
easy overpower them. ut f we were to destroy a these,
what woud t ava us, surrounded as we are by such a
coud of enemes both by and and water et us then
receve them, and see what s ther busness here.
Ths speech was receved wth approbaton, both by the
peope andthe ceroy and wthdrawng from the breached
porton of the wa, they stood motoness wth ther arms.
hen the space between the was was thus ceared, the
nhabtants sgned to the thopans that they mght freey
approach: they advanced, therefore, and when near enough,
they from ther boats addressed the beseged muttude as
foows:
Persans and nhabtants of yene ydaspes, ng
of the astern and estern thopa, and now your sove-
regn aso, nows how to subdue hs enemes, and to spare
those who suppcate hs mercy the one beongs to vaour,
the other to humanty: the mert of the former beongs
chefy to hs soders that of the atter s entrey hs own.
Tour safety or destructon s now n hs hands but snce
you throw yourseves on hs compasson, he reeases you
from the mpendng and unavodabe dangers whch encom-
pass you. e does not hmsef name the condtons of
your deverance, but eaves them to you to propose he has
no desre to tyrannze over ustce he wshes to treat the
fortunes of men wth e uty.
To ths address the nhabtants of yene reped, That
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T G 2TD C C . 211
they threw themseves, ther wves and chdren, upon the
mercy of the thopan prnce, and were ready to sur-
render ther cty (f they were spared), whch was now
n such sore dstress, that uness some god, or ydaspes
hmsef, very speedy nterposed, there were no hopes of ts
preservaton.
roondates added, That he was ready to yed up, and
put nto ther hands, both the cause of the war, and ts
rzes the cty of Phoe, and the emerad mnes: n return,
e re ured that nether he nor hs soders shoud be made
prsoners of war, but that ydaspes, as a crowng act of
generosty, woud permt them to retre to ephantne upon
condton of ther dong n ury to no one: as to hmsef, t
was ndfferent to hm whether he ad down hs fe now, or
pershed hereafter, by the sentence of hs master, for havng
ost hs army the atter aternatve woud ndeed be the
worst, for now he woud undergo a common, and possby, an
easy nd of death n the other case, he woud have to suffer
the refnements of cruety and torture. e aso re uested
them to receve two of hs Persans nto ther boats, that they
mght proceed to ephantne, professng that f they found
the garrson of that cty dsposed to surrender to the tho-
pans, he woud no onger deay to foow ther e ampe.
The deegates comped wth hs re uest too the Per-
sans on board, returned to the camp, and nformed
ydaspes of the resut of ther embassy.
ydaspes smed at the nfatuaton of roondates, who
was nsstng upon terms, whe hs very e stence hung upon
another s w. t woud be foosh, however, sad he, to
et so many suffer for the stupdty of one. ccordngy
he permtted those whom the ceroy had sent to proceed
to ephantne tte regardng whether the troops there
yeded or ressted. e ordered hs men to cose up the
breach whch they had made n the ban s of the e, and
to ma e another n those of the mound or wa so that the
rver beng prevented from fowng n at one openng and
the stagnant water retrng apace out of the other, the
space between hs camp and yene mght soon be dry, and
practcabe for hs soders to march over.
s commands were e ecuted. s men made a begn-
nng of the wor , but nght comng on deferred ts comp 2
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212 T D TU
peton t the ne t day. Meantme they who were n the
cty omtted nothng whch mght contrbute to ther pre-
servaton, not desparng of preservaton, though t ap-
peared amost beyond hope.
ome carred on ther mne, whch they now supposed
must approach near the enemy s mound havng com-
puted, as we as they coud, by means of a rope, the
nterva between that and ther own was. thers repared
the wa whch had faen down, wor ng by torchght,
ready fndng materas from the stones whch had faen
nwards. They had, as they thought, toeraby we secured
themseves for the present but were destned to have a new
aarm n the mdde of the nght, a porton of the mound,
n that part where the enemy had been dggng on the
recedng day, suddeny gave way. Ths was caused ether
y the earth whch formed the foundaton beng most and
porous, or by the mnng party havng sapped the ground
above them, or by the ever-ncreasng body of water wden-
ng the narrow breach, or perhaps t mght be ascrbed to
dvne nterposton. o tremendous was the nose and the
report, that the besegers and beseged, though gnorant of
the cause, magned a great part of the cty wa to have been
carred away but the thopans, feeng themseves safe n
ther tents, deferred satsfyng ther curosty t the mornng.
The nhabtants of yene, on the contrary, were, wth
reason, more soctous they mmedatey e amned every
porton of ther was, and each fndng a safe n hs own
vcnty, concuded that the accdent had happened n some
other part. The approach of dayght ceared up a ther
doubts the breach n the mound, and the retreat of the
waters, beng then vsbe.
nd now the thopans dammed up the breach n the
rver s ban , by f ng pan s, supported by strong wooden
pes, strengthenng them st more wth a uantty of
earth and fascnes, ta en party from the ban s and party
brought n boats, thousands abourng at the wor . n
ths way the water was got rd of. The space, however,
between the camp and the town was, as yet, by no means
passabe, beng very deep n mud and drt and though t
was n some paces apparenty dry ground, the surface was
thn, and treacherous for the feet ether of horses or men.
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T G D C C . 213
Thus passed two or three days. The yenseans opened
ther gates, and the thopans dscontnued a hoste
movements the truce, however, was carred on wthout
any ntercourse between the partes. Guards on ether
sde were dscontnued and they n the cty gave them-
seves up to peasure and en oyment.
t happened that ths was the season for ceebratng the
overfowng of the e a very soemn festva among the
gyptans. t fas out about the tme of the summer
sostce, when the rver frst begns to swe, and s observed
wth great devoton throughout the country for the gyp-
tans defy the e, ma ng hm one of ther prncpa gods
and e uang hm to heaven because they say, that wthout
couds or ran he annuay waters and fertzes ther feds
ths s the opnon of the vugar. They consder t a proof
of hs dvnty, that the unon of most and dry beng the
prncpa cause of anma fe, he suppes the former, the
earth the atter uaty (admttng aso the e stence of
other eements.) These opnons are promugated among
the vugar, but they who have been ntated n the mysteres,
ca the earth ss, the rver srs, substtutng words for
thngs. The goddess, they say, re oces when the god ma es
hs appearance upon the pans, and greves proportonaby
when he s absent, feeng ndgnaton aganst hs enemy,
Typho.f
The cause of ths s, magne, that men s ed n dvne
and human nowedge, have not chosen to dscose to the
vugar the hdden sgnfcatons contaned under these
natura appearances, but ve them under fabes beng
however ready to revea them n a proper pace, and wth
due ceremones, to those who are desrous and worthy of
beng ntated. o much may be aowed to say wth
permsson of the dety, preservng a reverenta sence as
to what reates to more mystc matters.
return now to the course of my story. The nhabtants
ee note to vo. ., p. 2 , of a esey s erodotus.
The brother and murderer of srs, whose death was avenged by
hs son orus.
teray more ceary ntatng them wth the fery torch of
reates. Ty rvppup twv ovtuv afnra pavorpov r ovvrwv.
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214) T D TU
of yene were empoyed n ceebratng ther festva wth
sacrfces and other ceremones ther bodes, ndeed, worn
wth abour and sufferng, but ther mnds fed wth devoton
towards ther dety, whom they honoured as best ther
present crcumstances woud permt.
roondates, ta ng the opportunty of the dead of nght,
when the ctzens, after ther fatgues and re ocngs, were
punged n seep, and havng beforehand secrety ac uanted
hs Persan soders wth hs ntentons, and apponted
them the partcuar hour and gate at whch they were to
assembe, ed them out of ther uarters.
n order had been ssued to every corpora to eave the
horses and beasts of burden behnd, that they mght have
no mpedment on ther march, nor gve any ntmaton of
ther desgn, by the tumut whch the musterng them woud
cause. rders were gven to ta e ther arms aone, and,
together wth them, a beam or pan .
s soon as they were assembed at the apponted gate,
they proceeded to ay ther pan s across the mud, (cose to
one another) whch were successvey passed from hand to
hand, by those behnd, to those n front. They passed over
them, as by a brdge, and the whoe body reached, wthout
accdent, the frm and.
They found the thopans seepng n securty, wthout
watch or guard and passng by them unperceved roon-
dates ed hs men wth a possbe speed to ephantne. e
was ready receved nto the cty by means of the two Per-
sans whom he had sent before, and who, havng watched,
nght after nght, caused the gates to be opened upon the
concerted watch-word beng gven.
hen day began to dawn, the nhabtants of yene were
aware of the fght of ther defenders. very one mssed
the Persan whom he had odged n hs house, and the sght
of the pan s ad over the mud, confrmed them n ther
suspcons, and e paned the manner of t. They were
thrown nto great consternaton at ths dscovery e pectng,
wth reason, a severe punshment, as for a second offence,
fearng they shoud be thought to have abused the cemency
of ther con ueror, and to have connved at the escape of
the Persans. They determned therefore, after some con-
a ap og.
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T G D C C . 21
sutaton, to go out of the cty n a body, to dever themseves
up to ydaspes, to attest ther nnocence wth oaths, and
mpore hs mercy. Coectng together then a ran s and
ages, wth the ar of suppants, they marched n processon,
over the brdge of pan s. ome carred boughs of trees,
others tapers and torches, the sacred ensgns and mages of
ther gods precedng them as messengers of peace.
hen they approached the camp of the thopans, they
fe down on ther nees, rasng, as wth one consent, a
pantve and mournfu cry and deprecatng, by the most
humbe gestures, the vctor s wrath. They ad ther nfants on the ground before them, seem-
ngy eavng them to wander whther chance mght ead
ntendng to pacfy the wrath of the thopans by the sght
of ther nnocent and gutess age. The poor chdren,
frghtened at the behavour and outcres of ther parents,
crept (some of them) towards the adverse army and wth
ther totterng steps and wang voces, presented an affectng
scene, ortune, as t were, convertng them nto nstruments
of suppcaton.
ydaspes observng ths uncommon spectace, and con-
cevng that they were reteratng ther former entreates
and mporng pardon for ther crme, sent to now what
they meant, and why they came aone, and wthout the
Persans.
They reated a whch had happened the fght of the
Persans, ther own entre gnorance of t, the festva
they had been ceebratng, and the opportunty secrety
ta en by the garrson to eave them, when they were bured
n seep, after ther feastngs and fatgues athough, had
they been awa e, and had they seen them, t woud have
been out of ther power, unarmed as they were, to hnder
the retreat of men n arms.
ydaspes from ths reaton suspected, as was reay the
case, that roondates had some secret desgn and stratagem
aganst hm summonng the gyptan prests therefore, and
for the sa e of greater soemnty, adorng the mages of the
gods whch they carred wth them, he n ured f they coud
gve hm any further nformaton about the Persans. e
as ed whther they were gone, and what were ther hopes
and ntentons. They reped, That they were gnorant of
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21 T D TU
ther schemes but supposed them to be gone to ephan-
tne, where the prncpa part of the army was assembed,
roondates pacng hs chef confdence n hs barbed cavary.
They concuded by beseechng hm, f he had conceved any
resentment aganst them to ay t asde, and to enter ther
cty, as f t were hs own.
ydaspes dd not choose to ma e hs entry for the present,
but sent two troops of soders to search every pace where
he suspected an ambush mght be ad f they found nothng
of that sort, destnng them as a garrson for the cty. e
dsmssed the nhabtants of t wth ndness and gracous
promses, and drew out hs army ready to receve the attac
of the Persans, shoud they advance or, to march aganst
them hmsef f they deayed.
s troops were hardy formed n order of march when
hs scouts nformed hm that the Persans were advancng
towards hm to gve batte: roondates had assembed an
army at ephantne, ust at the tme when as we have seen,
he was forced, by the sudden approach of the thopans,
to throw hmsef nto yene wth a few troops beng then
reduced to mmnent danger by the contrvance of ydaspes
he secured the preservaton of the pace, and hs own safety,
by a method whch stamped hm wth the deepest perfdy.
The two Persans sent to ephantne, under pretence of
n urng on what terms the troops there were wng to
submt, were reay dspatched wth a vew of nformng hm
whether they were ready and dsposed to resst and fght, f
by any means he coud escape, and put hmsef at ther head.
e now proceeded to put nto practce hs treacherous
ntent, for upon hs arrva at ephantne, fndng them n
such a dsposton as he coud wsh, he ed them out wthout
deay, and proceeded wth a e pedton aganst the enemy
reyng chefy for success on the hope that by the rapdty
of hs movements he shoud surprse them whe unpre-
pared. e was now n sght, attractng every eye by the
Persan pomp of hs host the whoe pan gstenng as he
moved aong, wth god and sver armour. The rays of the
rsng sun fang drecty upon the advancng Persans, shed
an ndscrbabe brghtness to the most dstant parts, ther
own armour fashng bac a rva brghtness.
The rght wng was composed of natve Medes and
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T G D C C / . 217
Persans the heavy armed n front behnd them the
archers, unncumbered wth defensve arms, that they mght
wth more ease and readness perform ther evoutons,
protected by those who were before them. The gyptans,
the frcans, and a the au ares were n the eft wng.
To these ewse were assgned a band of ght troops,
sngers and archers, who were ordered to ma e saes, and
to dscharge ther weapons from the fan s. roondates
hmsef was n the centre, spenddy accoutred and mounted
on a scythed charot. e was surrounded on ether sde
by a body of troops, and n front were the barbed cavary,
hs confdence n whom had prncpay nduced hm to
hazard an engagement. These are the most war e n
the Persan servce, and are aways frst opposed, e a frm
wa, to the enemy. The foowng s the descrpton of
ther armour man, pc ed out for strength and stature,
puts on a hemet whch fts hs head and face e acty, e a
mas covered competey down to the nec wth ths,
e cept a sma openng eft for the eyes, n hs rght hand he
brandshes a ong spear hs eft remans at berty to
gude the rens a scmtar s suspended at hs sde and
not hs breast aone, but hs whoe body aso, s sheathed n
ma, whch s composed of a number of s uare separate pates
of brass or stee, a span n ength, fttng over each other at
each of the four sdes, and hoo ed or sewn together beneath,
the upper appng over the under the sde of each over that
ne t to t n order. Thus the whoe body s ncosed n an
The foowng passage n mmanus Mareenus ustrates the
account here gven of the .ara ppa ro ro or barbed cavary of
the Persans.
rant autem omnes catervse ferratse, ta per sngua membra den-
ss amns tectse, ut uncturse rgentes compagbus artuum couvenrent:
humanorum ue vutuum sumuacra ta captbus dgenter aptata, ut
mbracteats corporbus sods,btantum ncdentateapossnthserere,
ua per cavemas mnutas et orbbus ocuorum aff as, parcus vstur,
ve per supremtates narum angust sprtus emttuntur. uorum pars
conts dmcatura, stabat mmobs, ut retnacus seres f am e st-
mares. oo v.
Thus, by an antcpaton of 00 years, we have brought before us a
pcture of the tmes, when,
Ther mbs a ron, and ther sous a fame,
countess host, the red-cross warrors came.
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218 T D TU
mbrcated scay tunc, whch fts t cosey, yet by contrac-
ton and e panson aows ampe pay for a the mbs. t
s seeved, and reaches from nec to nee, the ony part
eft unarmed beng under the cushes, necessty for the seat
on horsebac so re urng. The greave e tends from the feet
to the nee, and s connected wth the coat. Ths defence s
suffcent to turn asde a darts, and to resst the stro e of
any weapon. The horse s as we protected as hs rder
greaves cover hs egs, and a fronta f confnes hs head.
Prom hs bac to hs bey, on ether sde, hangs a sheet of
the ma, whch have been descrbng, whch guards hs
body, whe ts ooseness does not mpede hs motons.
Thus accoutred and as t were ftted nto hs armour, ths
ponderous soder sts hs horse, unabe to mount hmsef on
account of hs weght, but fted on by another. hen the
tme for chargng arrves, gvng the rens, and settng spurs
to hs horse, he s carred wth a hs force aganst the
enemy, wearng the appearance of a hammer-wrought statue,
or of an ron man. s ong and ponted spear e tends
far before hm, and s sustaned by a rest at the horse s
nec , the butt beng f ed n another at hs croupe. Thus
the spear does not gve way n the confct, but asssts the
hand of the horseman, who has merey to drect the weapon,
whch pressng onwards wth mghty power perces every
obstace, sometmes transf ng and bearng off by ts mpuse
two men at once.
th such a force of cavary and n such order, roon-
dates marched aganst the enemy, eepng the rver st
behnd hm, to prevent hs beng surrounded by the tho-
pans, who far e ceeded hm n number. ydaspes, on
the other hand, advanced to meet hm. e opposed to the
Medes and Persans n the rght wng, hs forces from
Meroe, who were we accoutred, and accustomed to cose
fghtng. The swft and ght-armed Trogodtes, who were
erod. . v. 1. thus spea s of these tuncs : ovag P1
arovg ro owg tr oe m r per c tyv vo og
f- rr v a r v ov o pr ovvrg teray pnchng n e a
wasp the fronta fttng cosey to the shape of the horse s head and
face.
// s u C.
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T G D C C . 21
food archers, and the nhabtants of the cnnamon regon,
he drew up to gve empoyment to those posted on the eft.
n opposton to the centre, boastng as they dd of ther
barbed cavary, he paced hmsef, wth the tower-bearng
eephants, the emmyse, and the eres, gvng them nstruc-
tons what they were to do when they came to engage.
oth armes now approached near, and gave the sgna for
batte the Persans wth trumpets, the thopans wth
drums and gongs. roondates, cheerng on hs men, charged
wth hs body of horse. ydaspes ordered hs troops to ad-
vance very sowy, that they mght not eave ther eephants,
and that the enemy s cavary, havng a onger course to ta e,
mght become e hausted before the confct. hen the
emmyse saw them wthn reach of a spear s cast, the
horsemen urgng on ther horses for the charge, they pro-
ceeded to e ecute ther monarch s nstructons.
eavng the eres to guard the eephants, they sprang
out of the ran s, and advanced swfty towards the enemy.
The Persans thought they had ost ther senses, seeng a
few foot presume to oppose themseves to so numerous and
so formdabe a body of horse. These atter gaoped on a
the faster, gad to ta e advantage of ther rashness, and
confdent that they shoud sweep them away at the frst
onset. ut the emmyse, when now the phaan had
amost reached them, and they were a but touched by
ther spears, on a sudden, at a sgna, threw themseves on
one nee, and thrust ther heads and bac s under the horses,
runnng no danger by ths attempt, but that of beng tram-
ped on: ths manoeuvre was ute une pected, many of the
horses they wounded n the bey as they passed, so that
they no onger obeyed the brde, but became furous, and
threw ther rders whom, as they ay e ogs, the emmyse
erced n the ony vunerabe part, the Persan curasser
beng ncapabe of movng wthout hep.
Those whose horses were not wounded proceeded to
charge the eres, who at ther approach retred behnd the
eephants, as behnd a wa or buwar . ere an amost
tota saughter of the cavary too pace. or the horses
of the Persans, as soon as the sudden retreat of the eres
ee erod. . . 111.
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220 T D TU 3
had dscovered these enormous beasts, astonshed at ther
unusua and formdabe appearance, ether turned short
round and gaoped off, or fe bac upon the rest, so that
the whoe body was thrown nto confuson. They who
were statoned n the towers upon the eephants (s n
number, two on ether sde (e cept towards the beast s hnd
uarters), dscharged ther arrows as from a buwar , so
contnuousy and wth such true am, that they appeared to
the Persans e a coud.
ghtng upon une ua terms aganst maed warrors, and
dependng upon ther s n archery, so unfang was ther
am at the sght hoes of the enemy, that you mght see
many gaopng n confuson through the throng, wth arrows
pro ectng from ther eyes.
ome, carred away by the unruness of ther horses to
the eephants, were ether tramped under foot or attac ed
by the eres and the emmyae, who rushng out as from an
ambush, wounded some, and pued others from ther horses,
n the meee. They who escaped unhurt retreated n dsorder,
not havng done the smaest n ury to the eephants: for
these beasts are armed wth ma when ed out to batte, and
have, besdes, a natura defence n a hard and rugged s n,
whch w resst and turn the pont of any spear.
roondates, when he saw the remander routed, set the
e ampe of a shamefu fght and descendng from hs
charot, and mountng a yssean horse,t gaoped from the
fed. The gyptans and frcans n the eft wng were
gnorant of ths, and contnued st bravey fghtng, recev-
ng, however, more n ury than they nfcted, whch they
bore wth great forttude and perseverance for the nha-
btants of the cnnamon regon, who were opposed to them,
pressed and confounded them by the rreguarty and actvty
of ther attac s, fyng as the gyptans advanced, and ds-
chargng ther arrows bac ward as they fed. hen the
frcans retreated, they attac ed them, gang them on a
ee the prevous descrpton of the Persan amour.
ee note n a esey s erod, v. 40.
e the Parthans
. . . . verss anmosum e us
Parthum. or. 1 d. 10.
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T G TUD C C . 221
the fan s, ether wth sngs or tte posoned arrows.
These they f ed around ther turbans, the feathers ne t
ther heads, the ponts radatng outwards and drawng
them thence as from a uver, they, after ta ng a sudden
sprng forward, shot them aganst the enemy, ther own bodes
beng na ed, and ther ony cothng ths crown of arrows.
These arrows re ure no ron pont they ta e a serpent s
bac bone, about a foot and a haf n ength, and after
straghtenng t, sharpen the end nto a natura pont, whch
may perhaps account for the orgn of the word arrow.t
The gyptans ressted a ong tme, defendng themseves
from the darts by nteroc ng sheds beng naturay
patent, and bravey prodga of ther ves, not merey for
pay but gory perhaps, too, dreadng the punshment of
runaways. ut when they heard that the barbed cavary,
the strength and rght hand of ther army, was defeated
that the vceroy had eft the fed, and that the Medes and
Persans, the fower of ther foot, havng done tte aganst,
and suffered much from, those to whom they were opposed,
had foowed hs e ampe, they ewse, at ast, gave up the
contest, turned about, and retreated. ydaspes, from an
eephant s bac , as from a watch tower, was spectator of hs
vctory whch when he saw decded, he sent messengers
after the pursuers, to stop the saughter, and to order them
to ta e as many prsoners as they coud, and partcuary,
were t possbe, roondates.
uccess crowned hs wshes, for the thopans e tendng
ther numerous nes to a great ength on each sde, and
curvng the e tremtes t they surrounded the Persans,
eft them no way to escape but to the rver. Thus the stra-
tagem whch roondates had devsed aganst the enemy they
found turned aganst themseves, muttudes beng forced
nto the rver by the horses and scythed charots, and the
rrows somewhat resembng these are used by the wd ush-
men of frca for destroyng the ostrch and other nds of game.
These nsgnfcant oo ng arrows are about two feet s nches n
ength they consst of a sender reed, wth a sharp bone head,
thoroughy posoned wth a composton of whch the prncpa ngre-
dents are obtaned, sometmes from a succuent herb, havng thc
eaves, yedng a posonous m y uce, and sometmes from the
aws of sna es. ood s at. st.
f orov, a bone aroc, an arrow. Pa
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222 T D TU
confuson of the crowd. The vceroy had never refected, that
by havng the rver n hs rear he was cuttng off hs own
means of escape. e was ta en prsoner wth chaemenes
the son of Cybee. Ths atter nformed of what had hap-
pened at Memphs, and dreadng the resentment of roon-
dates, for havng made an accusaton aganst rsace whch
he was not abe to prove, (the wtnesses who woud have
enabed hm to do so beng removed,) endeavoured to say
hs master n the tumut. e dd not, however, gve hm a
morta wound, and the attempt was nstanty revenged, for
he was transf ed wth an arrow by an thopan, who
watched, as he had been commanded, over the safety of the
vceroy and who saw, wth ndgnaton, the treacherous
attempt of one, who, havng escaped the enemy, too the
opportunty presented by fortune, to wrea hs revenge
aganst hs commander.
roondates was brought before ydaspes, fant and
beedng but hs wound was soon staunched by the
remedes apped, the ng beng resoved, f possbe, to
save hm, and hmsef gvng hm encouragement.
rend, sad he, grant your fe. hod t honour-
abe to overcome my enemes by my arms whe they resst
and by my good offces when they are faen: but why have
you shewn such perfdy towards me
Towards you, own, reped the Persan, have been
perfdous but to my master have been fathfu. s
van ushed, then, reped ydaspes, what punshment,
thn you, that you deserve The same, returned the
other, whch my master woud nfct upon one of your
captans who had faen nto hs power, after havng proved
hs fdety to you. f your master, reped the th-
opan, were truy roya, and not a tyrant, he woud prase
and reward hm and e cte the emuaton of hs own
peope, by commendng the good uates of an enemy: but
t seems to me, good sr, that you prase your fdety at the
e pence of your prudence, after havng adventured yoursef
aganst so many myrads of my troops. Perhaps, re-
ped roondates, n regard to mysef, have not been so
mprudent as may at frst appear. new the dsposton
of my soveregn to punsh cowards, rather than to reward
the brave. determned therefore to hazard every thng,
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T G 2T D C C . 223
and trust to ortune, who sometmes affords une pected and
mprobabe successes n war. f faed and escaped wth
fe, shoud at east have t to say, that nothng n my
power had been eft untred.
ydaspes, after stenng to hs words, prased hm, sent
hm to yene, ordered hs physcans to attend hm, and
a possbe care to be ta en of hm. e hmsef soon after
made hs pubc entry nto the cty, wth the fower of hs
army. The nhabtants of a ran s and ages went out n
processon to meet hm, strewed crowns and fowers of the
e, n hs path, greetng hm wth songs of vctory.
e entered the cty on an eephant, as on a trumpha charot, and mmedatey turned hs thoughts to hoy matters
and than sgvngs to the gods. e made n ures concern-
ng everythng worthy of hs curosty, partcuary about
the orgn of the feasts of the e. They shewed hm a
tan whch served as a nometer, e that whch s at
Memphs, ned wth poshed stone, and mar ed wth degrees
at the nterva of every cubt. The water fows nto t under
ground, and the heght to whch t rses n the tan , shews
the genera e cess, or defcency, of the nundaton, accordng
as the degrees are covered or eft bare. They shewed hm
das, whch, at a certan season of the year, cast no shade at
noon for, at the summer sostce, the sun s vertca at
yene, and darts ts rays perpendcuary down, so that the
water.f at the bottom of the deepest wes, s ght.
Ths, however, rased no great astonshment n ydaspes
for the same phenomenon happens at the thopan Meroe.
The peope of yene oudy prased ther festva and e toed
the e, cang t orus (the year), the fertzer of ther
pans the preserver of Upper gypt the father, and, n a
manner, the creator of the ower as t brngs annuay
new so nto t, and s from thence, possby, caed e,
by the Gree s.
t ponts out, they sad, the annua vcsstudes of tme
summer by the ncrease, and autumn by the retrng of ts
v ov wof. The water y of the e.
t yene there was, n ater tmes a we, the bottom of whch,
the sun was beeved to umnate at one tme of the year, t beng
supposed that yene was under the Tropc. ac esey s erod., vo.
1. p. 187.
t of, from v r vg, new so.
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224 T D TU
waters sprng by the fowers whch grow on t, and by the
breedng of the crocodes. The e then, s, they say,
nothng ese but the year, ts very appeaton confrmng
ths, snce the numera etters whch compose ts name,
amount to 3 unts, the number of days whch ma e up the
year. They e toed aso ts pecuar pants and fowers, and
anmas, and added a thousand other encomums. these
prases, sad ydaspes, beong more to thopa, than
to gypt. f you esteem ths rver as the father of waters,
and e at t to the ran of a dety, thopa ought surey to
be worshpped, whch s the mother of your god
e do worshp t, reped the prests, both on many
other accounts, and because t has sent you to us, as a pre-
server and a god. fter recommendng them to be ess
avsh n ther prases, he retred to a tent whch had
been prepared for hm, and devoted the rest of the day to
ease and refreshment. e entertaned, at hs own tabe,
hs prncpa offcers, and the prests of yene, and
encouraged a ran s to ma e merry. The nhabtants of
yene furnshed herds of o en, foc s of sheep, goats and
swne, together wth store of wne, party by way of gft,
party for sae. The ne t day he mounted a ofty seat and,
orderng the spo to be brought out, whch had been co-
ected n the cty, and on the fed of batte, dstrbuted t
amongst hs army, n such proportons as he thought ther
mert deserved. hen the soder appeared who too ro-
ondates, s what you pease, sad the ng. have
no occason to as anythng, he reped. f you w aow
me to eep what have aready ta en from the ceroy,
am suffcenty rewarded for havng made hm prsoner, and
preserved hm ave, accordng to your commands. nd
wth ths he shewed a sword bet, a scmtar rchy eweed of
great vaue, and worth many taents so that many cred out,
t was a gft too precous for a prvate man, a treasure worthy
of a monarch s acceptance. ydaspes smngy reped
hat can be more ngy than that my magnanmty
shoud be superor to ths man s avarce esdes, the
captor has a rght to the persona spos of hs prsoner.
et hm then, receve as a gft from me, what he mght
easy have ta en to hmsef, wthout my nowedge.
v 0 t 10 30 o- 70 s 200 tota, 3 .
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T G D C C . 22
Presenty those who had ta en Theagenes and Charcea
appeared. ur spo, ng sad they, s not god
and ewes, thngs of tte estmaton among the thopans,
and whch e n heaps n the roya treasures but we brng
you a youth and a maden, a Grecan par, e ceng a
mortas n grace and beauty, e cept yoursef, and we e pect
from your beraty a proportonate reward. Tou reca
them seasonaby to my memory, reped ydaspes. hen
frst saw them, n the hurry and confuson n whch was
engaged, too but a cursory vew of them. et some one
brng them now before me, together wth the rest of the
captves.
n offcer was mmedatey despatched for them to the
pace of ther confnement, whch was among the baggage, at
some dstance from the town. They n ured, n ther way
to the cty, of one of ther guards, whther they were beng
conducted. They were tod that the ng ydaspes
desred to see the prsoners. n hearng the name, they
cred out together, wth one voce ye gods fearng
t that .hour east some other mght be the regnng ng
and Theagenes sad softy to Charcea Tou w surey
now dscover to the ng everythng whch reates to us,
snce you have fre uenty tod me that ydaspes was your
father.
mportant matters, reped Charcea, re ure great pre-
paraton. here the dety has caused ntrcate begnnngs,
there must needs be ntrcate unravengs. esdes, a tae
e ours s not to be tod n a moment nor do thn t
advsabe to enter upon t n the absence of my mother
Persna, upon whose support, and testmony, the foundaton
of our story, and the whoe of our credt, must depend and
she, than s to the gods hear, s yet ave.
hat f we shoud be sacrfced, returned Theagenes
or, presented to some one as a gft, how sha we ever get
nto thopa othng s ess ey, sad Charcea.
ur guards have tod us that we are to be reserved as vctms,
to be offered to the detes of Meroe. There s no ehood
that we, who are soemny devoted to the gods, shoud be des-
troyed, or otherwse dsposed of such a vow no regous mnd
woud brea . ere we to gve way to the ncautous oy
wth whch ths sudden geam of good. fortune transports us,

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T D TU
and dscover our condton, and reate our adventures, n the
absence of those who aone can ac nowedge us, and confrm,
what we say, we run the greatest rs of rasng the ndg-
naton of the ng who woud regard t as a moc ery and
nsut, that we, captves and saves as we are, shoud endea-
vour to pass ourseves off upon hm, as hs chdren.
. ut the to ens, sad Theagenes, whch now you
aways carry about you, w gve credt to our reaton, and
shew that we are not mpostors. These thngs, reped
Charcea, are rea to ens to those who now them, and
who e posed them wth me but to those who are gnorant
of ths, they are nothng but braceets, and precous stones
and may possby nduce a suspcon of our havng stoen
them. upposng even that ydaspes shoud recoect any
of these trn ets, who sha persuade hm that they were
presented to me by Persna, and st more, that they were
the gfts of a mother to her daughter The most ncontro-
vertbe to en, my dear Theagenes, s a mother s nature,
through whch the parent at frst sght fees affecton towards
her offsprng, an affecton strred up by secret sympathy.
ha we deprve ourseves, then, by our precptaton, of ths
most favourabe openng, upon whch depends the credt of
a we have to say
Dscoursng n ths manner, they arrved near the trbuna
of the ng. agoas was ed after them. hen ydaspes
saw them, rsng suddeny from hs throne May the gods
be proptous to me he e camed, and sat down agan,
ost n thought. They who were near hm n ured the
reason of ths sudden emoton. ecoectng hmsef, he
sad Methought that had a daughter born to me ths
day, who at once reached her prme, and perfecty resembed
ths young maden, whom see before me. dsregarded,
and had amost forgotten my dream, when ths remar abe
resembance recaed t to my memory.
s offcers reped That t was some fancy of the mnd
bodyng forth future events upon whch the ng, ayng
asde for the present any farther thought upon the sub ect,
proceeded to e amne hs prsoners. e as ed them
ho, and from whence, they were Charcea was
sent. Theagenes reped, That they were Grecans, and
that the maden was hs sster.
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T G D C C . 227
honour to Greece, sad ydaspes the mother of
brave and beautfu mortas, for affordng us such nobe
vctms for the ceebraton of our trumpha sacrfces.
nd turnng to hs attendants, he sad hy had not
a son as we as a daughter born to me n my dream, snce
ths youth, beng the maden s brother, ought accordng to
your observaton, to have been shadowed forth to me n my
vson
e then drected hs dscourse to Charcea, spea ng n
Gree a anguage nown and studed by the Gymnoso-
phsts, and ngs of thopa nd you, maden,
sad he, why do you ma e no answer to my uestons
t the atars of the gods, reped she, to whom we
are destned as vctms, you sha now who am, and who
are my parents.
nd what part of the word do they nhabt sad the
ng. They are present now, sad she, and w assuredy
be present, when we are sacrfced. gan ydaspes
smed. Ths dream-born daughter of mne, he observed,
s certany hersef dreamng, when she magnes that her
parents are to be brought from the mdde of Greece nto
Meroe. et them be ta en away and served wth the usua
care and abundance, to ft them for the sacrfces. ut who
s ths standng near, and n person e an eunuch
e s an eunuch, reped one of the bystanders hs
name s agoas he was n great favour wth roondates.
et hm too, sad the ng, foow and be ept wth
the Grecan par not as a future vctm, but that he may
attend upon, and watch over the vrgn vctm, whom t s
necessary to preserve n the utmost purty for the sacrfce
and whose beauty s such, that her vrtue, unguarded, may
be e posed to much danger and temptaton. unuchs are
a eaous race and fty empoyed for debarrng others from
the en oyments of whch they are themseves deprved.
e then proceeded to e amne and decde the fate of the
remanng prsoners. who appeared n order dstrbutng
among hs foowers those who were saves before dsmssng
wth berty those who were free and nobe: but he seected
ten young men, and as many vrgns, n the boom of youth
vetus, vetus, veternoaus, senes
Coore musteno. Terence.
2
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228 T D TU
and beauty, whom he ordered to be preserved for the same
purpose to whch he had destned Theagenes and Charcea.
nd havng answered every compant and appcaton, at
ast he sent for roondates, who was brought n yng on
a tter.
, sad he to hm, now that have obtaned the
ob ect of my gong to war, fee not the common passon of
ambtous mnds. am not gong to ma e my good fortune
the mnster of covetousness my vctory creates n me no
wsh to e tend my empre. am content wth the mts
whch nature seems to have paced between gypt and
.( thopa the cataracts. avng recovered then what
thn my rght, revere what s ust and e utabe, and
sha return peacefuy to my own domnons. Do you, f
your fe be spared, reman vceroy of the same provnce as
before: and wrte to your master, the Persan ng, to ths
effect, Thy brother ydaspes has con uered by mght of
hand but restores a through moderaton of mnd he
wshes to preserve thy frendshp, esteemng t the most
vauabe of a possessons: at the same tme, f desrous of
renewng the contest, thou wt not fnd hm bac ward.
s to the yenseans remt ther trbute for ten years and
command thee to do the same. oud accamatons, both
from the soders and ctzens, foowed hs ast words.
roondates crossng hs hands, and ncnng hs body,
adored hm a compment not usua for a Persan to pay
to any prnce, e cept hs own. ye who hear me,
sad he, do not thn that voate the customs of my
country, as to my own soveregn, n adorng the most ust
of ngs, who has restored to me my government who
nstead of puttng me to death has granted me my fe who,
abe to act as a despotc ord, permts me to reman a vceroy.
houd recover, pedge mysef to promote a sod peace
and astng frendshp between the Persans and thopans,
and to procure for the yenseans that remsson of trbute
whch has been en oned but shoud not survve, may
the gods recompense ydaspes, hs famy, and remotest
descendants, for a the benefts whch he has conferred
upon me
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T G D C C1 . 22
.
e have now sad suffcent about yene, whch, from
the brn of danger, was at once restored to securty and
happness, by one man s cemency.
ydaspes, havng sent the greater part of hs army for-
ward, proceeded n person towards thopa, foowed by
the appauses and bessngs both of Persans and yena ans.
t frst he marched aong the e, or the parts borderng
upon that rver but when he reached the cataracts, havng
sacrfced to the rver, and to the gods of the boundares, he
turned asde, and traveed through the nand country.
hen he arrved at Phoe, he rested, and refreshed hs
army there for two days and then as before, sendng part
of t forward, together wth the captves, he stad some
tte tme behnd them, to drect the repar of the was,
and to pace a garrson, and soon afterwards set out hmsef.
e dspatched an e press consstng of two troopers, who
changng ther horses at every staton, and usng a speed,
were to announce hs vctory at Meroe.
e sent the foowng message to the wse men of hs
country, who are caed Gymnosophsts, and who are the
assessors and prvy councors of the thopan ngs n
affars of moment.
ydaspes to the most hoy Counc.
ac uant you wth my vctory over the Persans. do
not boast of my success, for now and fear the mutabty
of fortune but woud greet your hoy order, whch
have aways found wse and fathfu. nvte and command
your attendance at the usua pace, n order that the than s-
gvng sacrfces for vctory, may, by your presence, be
rendered more august and soemn n the sght of the
thopan peope.
To hs consort, Persna, he wrote as foows:
now that am returnng a con ueror, and, what you
w st more re oce at, unhurt. Ma e therefore prepara-
tons for the most sumptuous processons and sacrfces, that
we may gve than s to the gods, for the bessngs whch
n. . v., 8, erodotus gves an account of the Persan system
of estafette comparng t to the torch race: -ararp r )
afrn pop , rr v rf offr rr tovo. ee aso, en. Cyrop.
v. , 17.
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230 T D TU
they have bestowed. n accordance wth my etters, assst
n summonng the Gymnosophsts and hasten to attend,
wth them, n the consecrated fed before the cty, whch s
dedcated to our country s gods the un, the Moon, and
acchus.
hen ths etter was devered to Persna now see,
sad she, the nterpretaton of a dream whch had ast
nght. Methought was pregnant, and n abour, and that
brought forth a daughter n the fu boom of youth and
beauty. see, that by my throes, were sgnfed the travas
of war and by my daughter, ths vctory.
Go, contnued she, and f the cty wth these oyfu
tdngs. The e presses obeyed her commands and
mountng ther horses, havng crowned ther heads wth the
otus of the e, and wavng branches of pam n ther
hands, rode through the prncpa parts of the cty, ds-
cosng by ther very appearance, the oyous news.
Meroe resounded wth re ocngs nght and day the
nhabtants, n every famy, and street, and trbe, made
processons, offered sacrfces, and suspended garands n
the tempes not more out of grattude for the vctory,
than for the safety of ydaspes whose ustce and ce-
mency, mdness and affabty, had made hm beoved, e
a father, by hs sub ects. The ueen, on her sde, coected
together from a parts, uanttes of sheep and o en, of
horses and wd asses, of hppogrffs, and a sorts of an-
mas, and sent them nto the sacred fed, party to furnsh
an hecatomb of each, for sacrfce, party to provde from
the remander, an entertanment for a the peope.
he ne t vsted the Gymnosophsts, who nhabt the
grove of Pan, and e horted them to obey the summons of
ther ng, as aso to gratfy her by adornng and sanctfy-
ng the soemnty wth ther presence. They, entreatng
her to wat a few moments, whe they consuted the gods,
as they are used to do on any new underta ng, entered
ther tempe, and after a short tme returned, when s-
mthres, ther presdent, thus addressed her :- ueen
we w attend you, the gods order us to do so but, at the
onus descrbes these fabuous creatures as ates ferocssmse
et utra omnem rabem sseventes others spea of them as resem-
bng an eage n the upper part, a on n the ower. ee Mach. P. .,
3 and 803.
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T G 8 T) C C . 231
same tme, they sgnfy to us, that ths sacrfce w be
attended wth much dsturbance and tumut, whch, how-
ever, w have an agreeabe and happy end. mb of
your body, or a member of the state, seems to have been
ost whch w be restored by fate.
Tour presence, sad Persna, w avert every threat-
enng presage, and change t nto good w ta e care to
nform you when ydaspes arrves.
Tou w have no occason to do that, reped sm-
thres: he w arrve to-morrow, and you w presenty
receve etters to that effect. s predcton was fufed.
Persna, on her return to the paace, found a messenger
wth etters from the ng, announcng hs ntended
arrva for the foowng day.
The herads dspersed the news through the cty, and at
the same tme, made procamaton, that the men aone
shoud be suffered to go out and meet hm, but that the
women shoud eep wthn ther houses for, as the sacrfce
was destned to be offered to the purest of a detes the
un and Moon the presence of femaes was forbdden, est
the vctms shoud ac ure even an nvountary contamnaton.
The prestess of the Moon was the ony woman suffered
to attend the ceremony, and she was Persna for by the
aw and custom of the country, the ueens of thopa are
aways prestesses of that dvnty, as the ngs are of the
un. Charcea, aso was to be present at the ceremona,
not as a spectatress, but as a vctm to the Moon.
The eagerness and curosty of the ctzens was ncredbe.
efore they new the apponted day, they poured n mu-
ttudes out of the cty, crossed the rver stabora, some
over the brdge some who dwet at a dstance from t, n
boats made of canes, many of whch ay near the ban s,
affordng an e pedtous means of passage.
These tte s ffs are very swft, both on account of the
materas of whch they are composed, and the sght bur-
den whch they carry, whch never e ceeds two or three
men: for one cane s spt n two, and each secton forms
a boat.
ee atesey s edt. of erod. . 8: where menton s made of
boats made of bamboo, used by the ndans, of whch Pny says, that
the ength of the boats, made of the nternoda wood, often e ceeded
fve cubts, and that they woud hod three persons.
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T D TU P
Meroe, the metropos of thopa, s stuated n a sort
of tranguar sand, formed by the confuence of three nav-
gabe rvers the e, the stabora, and the sasoba.
The former fows towards t from above, where t forms
two branches the others, fowng round t on ether sde,
unte ther waters, and hasten to mnge ther stream, and
ose ther names, n the channe of the e.
Ths sand, whch s amost a contnent, (beng n ength
three thousand furongs, n wdth one thousand), abounds
n anmas of every nd, and, among the rest, wth ee-
phants. t s especay ferte n producng trees. The
pam trees rse to an unusua heght, bearng dates of arge
sze and decous favour. The sta s of wheat and barey
are so ta, as to cover and concea a man when mounted
on a horse or came, and they mutpy ther frut three
hundred fod. The canes are of the sze whch have
before mentoned.
the nght were the nhabtants empoyed n crossng
the rver they met, receved, and congratuated ydaspes,
e tong hm as a god. They had gone a consderabe way
to meet hm. The Gymnosophsts went ony a tte beyond
the sacred fed, when, ta ng hs hand, they ssed hm.
e t appeared Persna at the vestbue, and wthn the
precncts of the tempe.
fter worshppng the gods, and returnng than s for hs
vctory and safety, they eft the precncts, and prepared to
attend the approachng sacrfce, reparng for that purpose
to a tent, whch had been erected for them on the pan.
Pour canes, newy cut down, were f ed n the ground, one
at each corner, servng as a par, supported the vauted
roof, whch was covered wth the branches of pam and
other trees. ear ths another tent was erected, rased
consderaby from the ground, n whch were paced the
mages of the gods of the country Memnon, Perseus, and ndromeda whom the ngs of thopa boasted to be the
founders of ther race: under these, on a ower story, havng
ther gods above them, sat the Gymnosophsts. arge por-
ton of the ground was surrounded by the soders who n
cose order, and wth ther sheds oned, ept off the mu-
ttude, and afforded a cear space suffcent for the prests to
perform ther sacrfce, wthout confuson or dsturbance.
ydaspes, after spea ng brefy upon the vctory whch
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T G D C C 233
he had ganed, and the advantages obtaned by t to the
state, commanded the sacred mnsters to begn ther rtes.
Three ofty atars were erected, two n cose pro mty to
the un and Moon a thrd, at some dstance, to acchus:
to hm they sacrfced anmas of every nd, as beng a
common dety, gracous and bountfu to a. To the un
they offered four whte horses, the swftest of anmas to
the swftest of the gods to the Moon, a yo e of o en, con-
secratng to her, as beng nearest the earth, ther assstants
n agrcuture.
he these thngs were transactng, a oud confused
murmur began to rse as among a promscuous muttude
et our country s rtes be performed et the apponted
sacrfce be made et the frst-fruts of war be offered to
onr gods.
ydaspes understood that t was a human vctm whom
they demanded, whch t was customary to offer from among
the prsoners ta en ony n a foregn war. Ma ng a
moton for sence, wth hs hand, he ntmated to them, by
gestures, that they shoud soon have what they re ured,
and ordered those who had the charge of the captves to
brng them forward. They obeyed, and ed them forth,
guarded, but freed from ther chans.
The generaty were, as may be magned, de ected and
sorrowfu. Theagenes, however, appeared much ess so than
the others but the countenance of Charcea was cheerfu
and eate. he f ed her eyes upon Persna wth a f ed and
steady gance, so as to cause n her consderabe emoton
she coud not hep sghng, as she sad husband what
a maden have you destned for sacrfce never remember
to have seen such beauty. ow nobe s her presence
wth what sprt and forttude does she seem to meet her
mpendng fate ow worthy s she of compasson, owng
to the fower of her age. f my ony and unfortunatey ost
daughter were vng, she woud be about the same age.
that t were possbe to save ths maden from destruc-
ton t woud be a great satsfacton to me to have her n
my servce. he s probaby Grecan, for she has not at a
the ar of an gyptan.
erod. . 21 , states the same concernng the Massagetse, and
assgns the same cause: T Dv v rp ra arf ravrwv twv vr rv
to ra arov arovra.
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234 T D TU
he s from Greece, reped ydaspes: who are her
parents she w presenty decare shew them she cannot,
though such has been her promse. To dever her from
sacrfce s mpossbe: were t n my power, shoud be
very gad to do so for fee, now not why, great com-
passon and affecton for her. ut you are aware that the
aw re ures a mae to be offered to the un, and a femae
to the Moon and she beng the frst captve presented to
me, and havng been aotted for the sacrfce, the dsap-
pontment of the peope s wshes woud admt of no e cuse.
ne ony chance can favour her escape, and that s, f she
shoud be found when she ascends the pe, not to have
preserved her chastty nvoate for the aw demands a
pure vctm to be offered to the goddess as we as to the
god the condton of those offered on the atar of acchus
s ndfferent. ut shoud she be found unchaste, refect
whether t woud be proper that she shoud be receved
nto your famy.
et her, reped Persna, be found unchaste, provded
ony she be preserved. Captvty and war, absence from
frends, and a wanderng fe, furnsh an e cuse for gut,
partcuary n her, whose transcendent beauty must have
e posed her to more than common temptatons.
he she was weepng and strvng to concea her wea -
ness from the peope, ydaspes ordered the fre-atar to
be prepared, and brought out. number of young chdren,
coected by the offcas from among the muttude, brought
t from the tempe (they aone beng permtted to touch
t), and paced t n the mdst. ach of the captves was
then ordered to ascend t. t was furnshed wth goden
bars of such mystc vrtue, that whenever any unchaste or
per ured person paced hs foot upon t, t burnt hm mme-
datey, and he was obged to retre: the pure, on the con-
trary, and the uncontamnated, coud mount t unn ured.
The greatest part of the prsoners faed n the tra, and
were destned as vctms to acchus, and the other gods
save two or three Grecan madens whose vrgnty was
found ntact. Theagenes at ength ascended t, and was
found pure. t rased great admraton n the assemby,
that wth hs beauty, stature, and n the fower of youth, he
shoud be a stranger to the power of ove acccordngy
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T G D C C . 23
he was destned as an offerng to the un. e sad softy
to Charcea s death then, and sacrfce, the reward
whch the ./ thopans bestow upon purty and ntegrty
ut why, my dearest fe, do you not dscover yoursef
ow ong w you deay Unt the sacrfcer s nfe s
at your throat pea , beseech you, and dscose your
condton. Perhaps when you are nown, your ntercesson
may preserve me but f that shoud not happen, you w be
safe, and then sha de wth comfort and satsfacton.
ur tra, sad Charcea, now approaches our fate
trembes n the baance. o sayng, and wthout awat-
ng any command, she drew from out of a scrp whch
she had wth her, and put on, her sacred Dephc robe,
nterwoven and gtterng wth rays of ght. he et her
har fa dsheveed upon her shouders, and as under the
nfuence of nspraton, eaped upon the atar, and remaned
there a ong tme, unhurt.
Dazzng every behoder wth more than ever respendent
beauty vsbe to a from ths eevated pace, and wth her
pecuar dress, she resembed an mage of the goddess, more
than a mere morta maden. n nartcuate murmur of
appause ran through the muttude, e pressve of ther
surprse and admraton, that wth charms so superhuman,
she shoud have preserved her honour, enhancng her beauty
by her chastty.f Tet they were amost sorry that she was
found a pure and fttng vctm for the goddess. otwth-
standng ther regous reverence they woud have been gad
coud she by any means escape. ut Persna fet more for
her than a the rest. he coud not hep sayng to ydas-
pes ow mserabe and -fated s ths poor maden
To no purpose gvng to en of her purty ecevng for
her many vrtues ony an untmey death Can nothng be
done to save her
othng, fear, reped the ng: your wshes and
pty are unavaabe. t seems that the gods have from the
begnnng seected by reason of her very e ceence ths
perfect vctm for themseves. nd then drectng hs ds-
course to the Gymnosophsts : ages, sad he, snce every
thng s ready, why do you not begn the sacrfce ar
Ta avrv aff r pac fcn a.
Grator et puchro venena n corpore vrtus.
rg. Ma. v. .
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23 T DT TTU P
be t from us, sad smthres (spea ng n Gree , that
the muttude mght not understand hm) to assst at such
rtes our eyes and ears have aready been suffcenty
wounded by the preparatons. e w retre nto the
tempe, abhorrng ourseves the detestabe offerng of a
human vctm, and beevng too that the gods do not ap-
prove t. oud that the sacrfces even of brute anmas
mght cease those consstng of prayers and ncense beng,
to our mnd, suffcent. Do you, however, reman for the
presence of a ruer s sometmes necessary to stay the
turbuence of the muttude. Go on wth ths unhaowed
sacrfce, snce the nveterate custom of the peope has
made t unavoabe rememberng that when t s performed,
yoursef w stand n need of e paton, though perhaps,
you w not need t, for thn ths rte w never be
brought to consummaton. udge from varous dvne
to ens, and partcuary from a nd of gory shed around
these strangers, sgnfyng that they are under the pecuar
protecton of the gods havng sad ths, he arose, and
was about to retre wth hs brethren.
t ths nstant Charcea eapt down from the atar
rushed towards smthres, and fe at hs feet. The offcas
woud have hndered her, supposng that she was deprecatng
death, but she e camed tay, ages, beseech you
have a cause to pead before the ng and ueen you are
the ony udges, n such a presence you must decde
n ths, the tra for my fe. Tou w fnd that t s nether
possbe nor ust that shoud be sacrfced to the gods.
They stened to her ready, and addressng the ng, sad,
Do you hear, ng, the chaenge and averment of
ths foregn maden.
ydaspes smng, reped, hat controvesy can she
have wth me rom what prete t, or from what rght,
can t arse That, her own reaton w dscover
sad smthres. ut w t not be an ndgnty, rather
than an act of ustce, re oned the monarch, for a ng to
enter nto a udca dspute wth a save uty regards
not ofty ran , sad the sage. e s ng n udgment
mmuna aram s tetgt manus,
on sumptuosa bandor hosta
Movt avereos penates
arre po et saente mca. or. . d. . 17.
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T G D C C . 237
who prevas by strength of arguments. ut, returned
ydaspes, your offce gves you a rght of decdng ony
when. a controversy arses between the ng and hs own
sub ects, not between hm and foregners. ustce, sad
smthres, s weghed among the wse, not by mere appear-
ances, but by facts. t s cear that she can have nothng
serous to advance, sad the ng, but some mere de prete t
to deay her fate, as s the case wth those who are n fear
of ther ves. et her, however, spea , snce smthres
woud have t so.
Charcea, who had aways been sangune, n e pectng
her deverance, was now nspred wth addtona confdence
when she heard the name of smthres. e was the
person to whose care she had been commtted ten years
before, and who devered her to Charces at Catadupa,
when he was sent ambassador to roondates n the matter
of the emerad mnes he was then one of the ordnary
Gymnosophsts: but now, he was ther presdent. Char-
cea dd not ca to mnd hs face (havng been parted from
hm when ony seven years od), but recoected and re oced
at hearng hs name, trustng that she shoud fnd n hm
a support and an advocate. tretchng out then her hands
towards heaven, and spea ng audby, un she
e camed, author of my famy and you, ye gods and
heroes who adorn my race ca you to wtness the truth
of what say. e you my supporters and assstants n the
tra whch am about to undergo my cause s ust, and
thus enter upon t: Does the aw, ng, command
you to sacrfce natves or foregners
oregners ony, reped ydaspes. Tou must then
see another vctm, sad she, for you w fnd me a
natve. The ng seemed surprsed, decarng t to be a
fgment. Do you wonder at ths sad she you w
hear much stranger thngs. am not ony a natve, but
cosey aed to the roya famy. Ths asserton was re-
ceved wth contempt, as so much de speech: when she
added Cease, my father, to despse and re ect your
daughter
y ths tme the ng began to appear not ony contemp-
tuous, but ndgnant, ta ng the matter as a persona nsut
to hmsef. e sad, therefore, to smthres, ehod
the reward of my endurance s not the maden downrght
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238 T D TU
mad ndeavourng wth wd and ncredbe fctons to
escape the fate awatng her desperatey fegnng hersef
to be my daughter, as n some sudden appearance and ds-
covery upon the stage mne, who was never so fortunate
as to have any offsprng. nce, ndeed, heard of a daugh-
ter s brth, ony, however, to earn her death. et then
some one ead her away, that the sacrfce may be no onger
deferred. o one sha ead me away, cred out Char-
cea, t the udges have gven sentence. Tou are n ths
affar a party, not a udge the aw perhaps permts you to
sacrfce foregners, but to sacrfce your chdren, nether
aw nor nature aows and the gods sha ths day decare
you to be my father, however unwng you appear to own
me. very cause, ng, whch comes for udgment, eans
prncpay upon two nds of proof, wrtten evdence, and
that of vng wtnesses: both these w brng forward to
prove mysef your chd. sha appea to no common
wtness, but to my udge hmsef (the conscousness of
the udge s the prsoner s best ground of confdence)
as to my wrtten evdence t sha be a hstory of my own
and your msfortunes. o sayng, she oosened from her
wast the fet whch had been e posed wth her, unroed,
and presented t to Persna. he, as soon as t met her
sght, appeared struc dumb wth astonshment she con-
tnued a consderabe tme castng her eyes frst on the
wrtng, then agan on the maden. cod sweat bedewed
her mbs, and convusve trembngs shoo her frame.
er frst emotons were those of oy and hope bat
an ety and doubt succeeded. Dread of the suspcons
of ydaspes foowed of hs ncreduty, and perhaps of
hs anger and vengeance.
The ng observng her agtaton and astonshment, sad
to her, Persna what s t whch as you from what
cause has ths wrtng such effect upon you My ng,
my ord, and my husband she reped, now not
what to answer you: ta e and read t yoursef: et ths
fet e pan everythng. he gave t hm, and remaned
trembng, n an ous sence.
e too the fet, and began to read t, cang to the
Gymnosophsts to read t wth hm. s he proceeded, he
was struc wth doubt and amazement but smthres
ee oo v.
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T G UD C C . 23
was st more astonshed: hs ever-changng coour betrayed
the varous emotons of hs mnd: he f ed hs eyes now
on the fet, and now on Charcea.
t ength ydaspes, when he came to the account of the
e posng of the nfant, and the cause of t, bro e sence,
and sad, now that had once a daughter born to me,
havng been tod that t ded amost as soon as t was born.
Ths wrtng now nforms me that t was e posed: but who
too t up, who preserved, who educated t who brought
t nto gypt as that person, whoever he were, ta en
captve at the same tme wth her ow sha be satsfed
that ths s the rea chd that was e posed May she not
have pershed May not these to ens have faen nto the
hands of some one, who ta es advantage of ths chance
May not some ev genus be paterng wth my desre of
offsprng, and cothed wth the person of ths maden, be
endeavourng to pass off a supposttous brth as my successor,
overshadowng the truth wth ths fet, as wth a coud
ut now smthres reped, can cear up some of
your doubts for am the person who too her up, who
educated and carred her nto gypt, when you sent me thther
on an embassy. Tou now me too we to suspect me of
assertng what s untrue. perfecty recoect the fet,
whch s nscrbed wth the roya characters of the ngs of
thopa, whch you cannot suspect to have been counter-
feted esewhere for you yoursef must recognze the hand-
wrtng of Persna. ut there were other to ens e posed
wth her, whch devered at the same tme to hm who
receved the damse from me, who was a Grecan, and, n
appearance, an honest and worthy man.
have preserved them ewse, sad Charcea, and
mmedatey shewed the nec ace and the braceet. Persna
was yet more affected when she saw these.
ydaspes st n urng what a ths agtaton coud
mean, and whether she had anythng to dscover whch
mght throw ght upon ths matter she answered, that
she certany had, but t was an e amnaton more proper
to be made n prvate than n pubc.
ydaspes was more than ever perpe ed, and Charcea
proceeded These are the to ens of my mother but ths
rng s a present of your own and produced the stone
Pantarbe.
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240 T D TU
The ng nstanty recoected t as a present whch he
had made to hs wfe durng the tme of ther betrothment
and he sad, Maden, these to ens were certany mne
but how does t appear that you possess them as my chd,
and have not obtaned them by some other means esdes,
n addton to my other doubts, your compe on s totay
dfferent from that of an thopan.
ere smthres nterposed, and sad, The chd whom
too up was perfecty whte: and farther, the tme when.
found her seems very cosey to concde wth the age of
the maden, for t s ust seventeen years snce ths hap-
pened. The coour of her eyes too occurred to me as beng
the same n short, recognze n her the genera e pres-
son of her features, and n her surpassng beauty a resem-
bance wth what recoect of the chd then e posed.
Ths s a very we, reped ydaspes, you spea wth
the fervour of the advocate more than as the udge but ta e
care est whe you are cearng up one doubt, you do not
rase another, and that a more serous one throwng sus-
pcons upon the vrtue of my consort as we are both
thopans, how coud we for our offsprng have a whte
chd
smthres, wth rather a sarcastc sme, reped,
now not why you shoud ob ect to me, that am an
advocate for ths maden. e s the best udge who n-
cnes to the sde of rght: may not rather be caed an
advocate for you, whe am endeavourng, wth the assst-
ance of the gods, to estabsh your rght to be caed a
father and negectng no means to restore to you, n the
boom of her youth, that daughter whom preserved n
swathng bands owever, deem of me as you pease,
do not esteem t necessary to ma e any apoogy we do not
shape our ves so as to pease others: we endeavour to
foow the dctates of truth and vrtue, and thn t suffcent
f we can approve our conduct to ourseves: yet, as to the
doubt whch you entertan concernng her compe on, the
wrtng cears ths up, e panng how Persna, from her
contempaton of ndromeda, mght have receved an m-
presson upon her mnd agreeng wth the sub ect of the
pcture. f you wsh for farther proof, the orgna s at
hand e amne the ndromeda, the eness between the
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T G 8 D C . 241
pcture and the maden w be found unmsta eaby
e act.
The ng comped: and had the pcture brought
when beng paced near Charcea, an nstant cry of sur-
prse, admraton, and oy, was rased throughout the
assemby, at the str ng eness those who were near
enough to understand what was passng, spreadng the
ntegence among the rest.
ydaspes coud no onger doubt, and he stood for some
tme motoness, between wonder and peasure. ut s-
mthres added, ne thng s st necessary to compete
the proof for recoect the successon to the ngdom,
and the truth tsef s now n ueston. are your arm,
my chd there was a bac mar upon t, a tte above the
ebow. There s nothng unseemy n dong ths, n order to
estabsh the evdence of your brth and famy. Charcea
obeyed, and uncovered her eft arm, when there appeared,
as t were, an ebon rng, stanng the vory of her arm.
ut Persna coud now no onger contan hersef she eapt
from her throne, burst nto tears, rushed nto her daughter s
embrace, and coud e press her transports ony by an nar-
tcuate murmur. or e cess of oy w sometmes beget
gref. They had neary fanted and faen on the ground.
ydaspes fet for hs consort, affected as she was, and a
ndred emoton was ganng possesson of hmsef yet he
gazed upon the spectace wth eyes as unmoved t as though
they were of ron, struggng aganst hs tears, hs mnd con-
tendng between fathery feeng and many forttude, and
tossed to and fro as by opposng tdes. t ast he was
overpowered by a con uerng nature he not ony beeved
hmsef to be a father, but was sensbe of a father s feengs.
asng Persna, he was seen to embrace hs daughter,
pourng over her the paterna baton of hs tears.
e was not, however, drven from that proprety whch
the crcumstances demanded. ecoectng hmsef a tte,
and observng the muttude e uay affected, sheddng
n the verson prnted n 1717 s a curous bunder n the word
avra a spot bac as ebony, resembng an eephant.
To offa o wv pag acywv e rd upopva rvag.
. . . . e mmota tenebat
umna, et obn us curam sub corde premebat. n. v. 331.

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242 T D TU
tears of peasure and compasson at the wonderfu events
whch had ta en pace, and not heedng the voces of the
herads, who were en onng sence, he waved hs hand, and
stng the tumut, thus addressed them : Tou see me,
by the favour of the gods, and beyond a my e pectatons,
entted at ength to the name of a father. Ths maden s
shewn to be my daughter by proofs whch are nfabe:
but my ove for you, and for my country, s so great, that
dsregardng the contnuance of my race, and the successon
to my throne, and the new and dear appeaton whch
have ust ac ured, am ready to sacrfce her to the gods
for your advantage. see you weep see you moved
by the feengs of humanty you pty the age of ths
maden, mmature for death you pty my vany chershed
hope of a successor, yet even aganst your ws, must obey
the customs of my country, and prefer the pubc wea to
any prvate feengs of my own. hether, t be the w of
the gods ust to shew me a daughter, and then ta e her
away agan (shewng her to me at her brth, ta ng her
away now that she s found),t eave you to udge: am
unabe to determne. s tte can decde whether they
w permt her to be sacrfced, when, after drvng her
from her natve and to the e tremest ends of the earth,
they have, as by a mrace, brought her bac agan a captve
but f t he e pedent that sacrfce her whom sew not
as an enemy, nor n ured as a prsoner, at the nstant when
she s recognzed to be my daughter w not hestate, nor
yed to affectons whch mght be pardonabe n any other
father. w not fater nor mpore your compasson to
ac ut me of obedence to the aw, out of regard to the fee-
ngs of nature and affecton, nor even suggest that t s
possbe the dety may be appeased and satsfed by another
vctm but as see you sympathze wth me, and fee my
msfortunes as your own, even so much more does t become
me to prefer your good to every other consderaton, tte
regardng ths sore gref, tte regardng the dstress of my
poor ueen, made a mother and at the same moment
rendered chdess. Dry then your tears, repress your
ee the speech of gamemnon, n the phgena n us, 1242.
t stendent terrs hune tantm fata, ne ue utr
ase snent. rg. n. v. 870.
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T G D C C . 243
neffectua gref for ever, and prepare for ths necessary
sacrfce: and, thou, my daughter (now frst aud now
ast do address thee by ths onged-for name,) beauteous
to no purpose, and n van dscovered to thy parents thou
who hast found thy natve and more crue than any
foregn regon who hast found a strange and thy pre-
server, but wt fnd thy natve country thy destroyer do
not thou brea my heart, by mournfu tears f ever thou
hast shewed a hgh and roya sprt, shew t now. oow
thy father, who s unabe to adorn thee as a brde who
eads thee to no nupta chamber but who dec s thee for
a sacrfce who ndes, not torch of marrage, but the atar
torch, and now offers as a vctm ths thne unrvaed ove-
ness. Do you too, ye gods be proptous, even f any-
thng unbecomng or dsrespectfu has escaped me, overcome
as am, by gref, at cang ths maden daughter, and at
the same tme beng her destroyer o sayng, he made
a shew of eadng Charcea to the pyre, wth paptatng
heart, and deprecatng the success of the speech, whch he
had made n order to stea away the peope s ws.
The whoe muttude was strongy e cted by these words
they woud not suffer her to be ed a step towards the
atar but oudy and wth one voce cred out ave the
maden Preserve the roya bood Dever her whom the
gods evdenty protect e are satsfed the custom has
been suffcenty comped wth. e ac nowedge thee our
ng: do thou ac nowedge thysef a father may the gods
pardon the seemng dsobedence we sha be much more
dsobedent by thwartng ther w et no one say her
who has been preserved by them. Thou who art the father of thy country, be aso the father of thy famy These,
and a thousand such e e camatons, were heard from
every sde. t ength they prepared to prevent by force the
sacrfce of Charcea, and demanded steady that the other
vctms aone shoud be offered to the gods.
Gady and ready dd ydaspes suffer hmsef to be
persuaded, and to submt to ths seemng voence: he
heard wth peasure the cres and congratuatons of the
assemby, and aowed them the ndugence of ther ws,
watng t the tumut shoud spontaneousy subsde.
ndng hmsef near Charcea, he sad: My dear
e2
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244 T T U P
daughter (for the to ens you have produced, the wse s-
mthres, and the benevoence of the gods decare you to be
such), who s ths stranger who was ta en wth you, and s
now ed out to be sacrfced ow came you to ca hm
your brother, when you were frst brought nto my presence
at yene e s not ey to be found my son, or Persna
had ony one chd, yoursef.
Charcea, castng her eyes on the ground, bushed, and
sad: e s not, confess, my brother: necessty e -
torted that fcton from me. ho he s, he w better
e pan than can.
ydaspes not ready comprehendng what she meant,
reped: orgve me, my chd, f have as ed a ues-
ton concernng ths young man whch t seems to hurt your
maden modesty to answer. Go nto the tent to your
mother, cause her more re ocng now, than you caused her
pan when she gave you brth add to her present en oy-
ment, by reatng every partcuar about yoursef. Mean-
whe, we w proceed wth the sacrfce, seectng, f possbe,
a vctm worthy to be offered wth ths youth nstead of you.
Charcea was neary shre ng at menton of sacrfcng
the young man hardy coud she for utmate advantage,
chec her frenzed feengs, so as to wnd her way coverty
towards the end she had n vew. re, sad she, per-
haps there needs not to see out another maden, snce
the peope remtted n my person the sacrfce of any femae
vctm ut f they nsst that a par of ether se shoud
be sacrfed, see f t be not necessary for you to fnd out
another youth, as we as another maden or, f that be
not done, whether must not st be offered.
The gods forbd reped ydaspes but why shoud
you say ths
ecause, sad she, the gods have decreed that he s
to ve wth me, or de wth me.
commend your humanty, reped the ng, n that
havng so hardy escaped yoursef, you are desrous of
savng a foregner, a Gree , a feow-prsoner, and of the
same age, wth whom, from a communon n msfortunes,
you must have contracted some degree of famarty and
frendshp: but he cannot be e empted from the sacrfce
regon w not permt our country s custom to be n
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T G D C C . 24
everythng curtaed, nether woud the peope suffer t, who
have wth dffcuty been persuaded by the goodness of the
detes to spare you.
ng sad Charcea, for perhaps may not pre-
sume to ca you father, snce the mercy of the gods has
saved my body, et me mpore ther and your cemency to
preserve my sou : they now wth how much ustce ca
hm so, snce they have so cosey nterwoven the web of my
destny wth hs. ut f hs fate s rretrevaby deter-
mned as f a foregner he must necessary suffer, as ony
one favour et me wth my own hand perform the sacr-
fce et me grasp the sword even e a precous treasure
and sgnaze my forttude before the thopans.
ydaspes was astonshed and confounded at ths strange
re uest. now not what to ma e, sad he, of ths
sudden change n your dsposton: but a moment ago you
were an ous to save ths stranger, and now you desre per-
msson to destroy hm as an enemy wth your own hands
but there s nothng ether honourabe or becomng your
se or age n such a deed: grantng that there were, t s m-
possbe t s an offce e cusvey beongng to the prests
and prestesses of the un and Moon, the one must be a
husband the other s re ured to be a wfe so that even
the fact of your vrgnty woud be suffcent to precude
ths unaccountabe re uest.
There need be no obstace here, re oned Charcea,
bushng, and whsperng her mother, she sad, gve but
your consent and aready have one who answers to the
name of husband. e w consent, reped Persna,
smng, and w bestow your hand at once, f we can fnd
a match worthy of yoursef and us. Then, sad Cha-
rcea, rasng her voce, your search need not be ong, t
s aready found.
he was proceedng (for the mmnent danger of Thea-
genes made her bod, and caused her to brea through the
restrants of maden modesty), when ydaspes, becomng
mpatent, sad ow do ye, gods, mnge bessngs and
msfortunes and mar the happness ye have bestowed upon
me ye restore, beyond a my hopes, a daughter, but ye
restore her frenzy-strc en for s not her mnd frenzed
t serves anmse dmdum mese. or. . d. . 8.
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24 T D TU
when she utters such nconsstences he frst cas ths
stranger her brother, who s no such thng ne t, when
as ed who the stranger s, she says she nows not then
she s very an ous to preserve hm, as a frend, from sufferng and, fang n ths, appears desrous of sacrfcng hm
wth her own hands and when we te her that none but
one who s wedded can awfuy perform ths offce, then
she decares hersef a wfe but does not name her husband.
ow can she ndeed he whom the atar proves never to
have had a husband uness the unfang ordea of chastty
among the thopans has, n her case ony, proved faa-
cous, dsmssng her unscathed, and bestowng upon her
the spurous reputaton of vrgnty upon her, who wth one
breath cas the same person her frend and enemy, and
nvents a brother and a husband who have no e stence
Do you, then, my ueen, retre nto your tent, and endea-
vour to reca ths maden to her senses: for ether she
s frenzed by the dety, who s approachng the sacr-
fces, or ese she s dstraught through her une pected pre-
servaton. w have search made for the vctm, due to
the gods, as an offerng n her stead meanwhe w gve
audence to the ambassadors of the dfferent natons, and
w receve the presents brought n congratuaton of my
vctory. o sayng, he seated hmsef n a conspcuous pace
near the tent, and commanded the ambassadors to be ntro-
duced, and to brng what gfts they had to offer.
armonas, the ord n watng, n ured whether they
shoud a approach wthout dstncton, or a few seected
from every naton or whether he shoud ntroduce each
separatey.
et them come separatey n turn, sad the ng, that
each may be uestoned accordng to hs deserts.
Tour nephew, then, Meroebus, sad armonas, must
frst appear he s ust arrved, and s watng outsde the
troops for hs ntroducton.
Tou sy, stupd feow, reped ydaspes, why dd
you not announce hm nstanty Do you not now that
he s not a mere ambassador, but a ng, the son of my own
brother (not ong deceased), paced by me on hs father s
throne, and adopted by me as my own son
aayyt g. ee erod. . 84.
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T G D CU C . 247
was aware of t, my ord, reped armonas but
consdered that the duty of a ord n watng re ured hm
above a thngs, to observe a proper tme and season. Par-
don me, therefore, f when saw you spea ng wth the
roya ades, fet averse to drawng your attenton from
matters of such deght.
et hm enter now, then, reped the ng. The mas-
ter of the ceremones hastened out, and soon returned wth
hm.
Meroebus was a handsome youth, ust past the season of
boyhood, hs age beng about seventeen but he e ceeded n
stature amost a those who surrounded hm, and hs sute
was spendd and numerous. The thopan guards opened
on ether sde to et hm pass, and regarded hm wth wonder
and respect.
ydaspes hmsef rose from hs throne to meet hm, em-
braced hm wth fathery affecton, paced hm by hs sde,
and ta ng hm by the hand sad, ephew, you are come
very seasonaby both to assst at a trumpha sacrfce, and a
nupta ceremony for the gods, the authors and protectors
of our famy, have restored to me a daughter, and provded,
as t seems, for you a wfe. The partcuars you sha hear
hereafter at present f you have any busness reatng to
the naton whch you govern, ma e me ac uanted wth t.
The youth, at the menton of a wfe, was seen to bush
through hs dar compe on from mnged peasure and
modesty (the red rushng, as t were, to the surface of the
bac ). fter an nterva he sad, The other ambassadors,
my ather, n honour of your spendd vctory, brng you
the chocest productons of ther severa countres: , as a
sutabe compment to a brave and frst-rate warror, ma e
you an offerng after your own heart, a champon who s n-
vncbe not to be matched ether n wrestng, or bo ng, or
n the race and so, sayng, he motoned to the man
auded to, to advance.
e came forward and made hs adoraton to ydaspes.
t woud be unfar to deprve the reader of the very uant render-
ng of ths passage n the verson of 1717: Mercebus, young and bash-
fu, and wonderfuy tc ed at the thoughts of a brde, bushed
through hs bac s n, hs face oo ng e a ba of soot that had ta en fre.
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248 T D TC
o vast and od word was hs stature, that when ssng
the ng s nees, hs head neary e uaed those who sat on
rased seats above hm and, wthout watng for any orders,
he strpped and chaenged any one to engage wth hm,
ether wth s of arms, or wth strength of hands. nd
when, after many procamatons made, no antagonst ap-
peared to oppose hm Tou sha have, sad ydaspes,
a reward ute n character and he ordered an od and
very bu y eephant to be brought out and gven to hm.
The man was peased wth, and van of the present but
the peope burst nto a shout of aughter deghted at the
humour of the ng consong themseves by ther derson
of hs boastfuness, for the nferorty whch they had vrtu-
ay e pressed.
The ambassadors of the eres came ne t. They brought
spun and woven garments, both whte and purpe the ma-
teras of whch were the produce of an nsect,f whch s
bred n ther country. These gfts beng accepted, they
begged and obtaned the reease of certan prsoners who had
been condemned.
fter them, the envoys from raba the appy approached.
They presented many taents worth of fragrant eaves,
avender, cnnamon, and other productons, wth whch that
and of perfume abounds a whch fed the ar around
wth an agreeabe odour.
Then appeared the Trogodtes. They brought god dust
(whch s turned up by the ant-eater ), aso a par of hppo-
grffs guded by goden rens.
The ambassadors of the emmys offered bows and arrows,
formed of serpents bones, and dsposed nto the form of a
crown.
vtu yvyog. ee the descrpton and bearng of Dares.
rg. n. v. 3 8, 38 .
f Tv 7rap aroc apa vuv teray, of spders, see Tatus, . .
n the orgna t s ant-god Pva v t )p v, turned up by
the myrme , an anma between a dog and fo n sze, supposed to
be the ant-eater. ee note vo. . p. 378, of a esey s erodotus.
am se, the poet, thus mproves upon the ant-god :
yo e of gryphons ohan d wth that fne god
hch emmots, ngh as bg as orfo e sheepe,
t sand-h sde are sad to gath r and eepe.
The reader w of course remember Mton s auson to the gryphons.
Paradse ost, . . 1 ..
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T G T D C C . 24
These our presents, sad they, nvaue fa far behnd
those of others nevertheess, they dd good servce aganst
the Persans, at the rver, as you yoursef can testfy.
They are of more vaue, sad ydaspes, than other
costy gfts, and are the cause of my now recevng other pre-
sents at the same tme he bd them decare ther wshes.
They re uested some dmnuton of ther trbutes, and ob-
taned a fu remsson of them for ten years. hen amost
a the ambassadors had been admtted, and had been pre-
sented, some wth rewards e ua to ther gfts, others wth
such as were far greater, at ast the ambassadors of the
omtss appeared. These were not trbutares, but aes:
they came to e press ther satsfacton at the ng s success,
and brought wth them ther presents and among the rest
there was an anma of a very uncommon and wonderfu
nd: hs sze approached to that of a came hs s n was
mar ed over wth ford spots: hs hnd- uarters were ow
and onshaped: but hs fore egs, hs shouders, and breast,
were far hgher n proporton than hs other parts hs nec
was sender, towerng up from hs arge body nto a swan e
throat, and hs head, e that of a came, was about twce
as arge as that of a yban ostrch hs eyes were very
brght and roed wth a ferce e presson hs manner of
movng was dfferent from that of every other and or water
anma he dd not use hs egs aternatey, one on each
sde at once, but moved both those on the rght together,
and then, n e manner, both those on the eft one sde
at a tme beng rased before the other and yet so doce n
movement and gente n dsposton was he, that hs eeper
ed hm by a thn cord fastened round hs nec hs master s
w havng over hm the nfuence of an rresstbe chan.
t the appearance of ths anma the muttude were asto-
nshed and e temporsng hs name from the prncpa
features n hs fgure, they caed hm a cameopard.f e
was, however, the occason of no sma confuson n the
assemby. There happened to stand near the atar of the
Moon a par of bus, and by that of the un four whte
horses, prepared for sacrfce. t the sudden sght of ths
avroo G arr yopr .
Ths anma was among the number of those, n the destructon
of whch the mperor Commodus e hbted hs s n the arena.
ee Gbbon, . 1 3, (note).
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2 0 T D TT P
strange outandsh beast, seen for the frst tme, terrfed
as f they had behed some phantom, one of the bus, and
two of the horses, burstng from the ropes of those who
hed them, gaoped wdy away. They were unabe to
brea through the crce of the sodery, fortfed as t was
wth a wa of oc ed sheds but runnng n wd dsorder
through the mdde space, they overturned vesses and vc-
tms everythng, n short, that came n ther way so that
mnged cres arose, some of fear n those towards whom the
anmas were ma ng some of mrth for the accdents whch
happened to others whom they saw faen and tramped
upon. Persna and her daughter, upon ths, coud not
reman uet n ther tent but genty drawng asde the
curtan they became spectators of what was done.
ut now Theagenes, whether e cted by hs own cour-
ageous sprt, or by the nspraton of the gods, observng
the eepers who were paced around hm dspersed n the
tumut, rose from hs nees, n whch whch posture he had
paced hmsef before the atar, awatng hs approachng
sacrfce and sezng a pece of ceft wood, many of whch ay
prepared for the ceremony, he eaped upon one of the horses
who had not burst hs bands and graspng the mane wth
one hand, and usng t for a brde, wth hs hee (as wth a
spur) and the bet he urged on the courser, and pursued,
on fu speed, one of the fyng bus.
t frst, those present supposed t an attempt of Thea-
genes to escape n the confuson, and caed out not to
et hm pass the rng of soders but they soon had reason
to be convnced that t was not the effect of fear or dread of
beng sacrfced. e uc y overtoo the bu and foowed
hm for some tme cose behnd, fatgung hm, and urgng
on hs course, pursung hm n a hs doubngs, and f he
endeavoured to turn and ma e at hm, avodng hm wth
wonderfu de terty. hen he had made the anma a tte
famar wth hs presence and hs movements, he gaoped
up cose by hs sde, actuay touchng hm, mngng the
breath and sweat of both anmas, and so e uazng ther
courses, that they who were at a dstance mght magne
ther heads had grown together. very one e toed Thea-
genes who had found means to on together ths strange
hppotaurne par. he the muttude was ntent upon,
uetonus mentons an e pot smar to ths of Theagenes, and
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T G D C C . 2 1
and dverted wth ths spectace, Charcea was agtated, and
trembed. he new not what was the ob ect of Theagenes
shoud he fa and be wounded t woud be death to her
her emoton, n short, was such that t coud not escape the
observaton of Persna.
My chd, sad she, what s the matter wth you
Tou seem very an ous about ths stranger. fee some
concern for hm mysef, and pty hs youth. hope he w
escape the danger to whch he has e posed hmsef, and be
preserved for the sacrfce est a the honours whch we
meant to pay the gods, shoud be found fang and defcent.
Tours s strange compasson, reped Charcea, to
wsh that he may avod one death, n order that he may
suffer a worse. ut f t be possbe, my mother save
ths young man for my sa e.
Persna not understandng the rea case, but suspectng
that ove had some share n t, sad, Ths s mpossbe
but et me now the nature of your connecton wth ths
youth, n whom you seem to ta e so great an nterest.
pen your mnd wth freedom and confdence, and recoect
that you are spea ng to a mother. ven f gvng way to
any youthfu wea ness, you have fet more for ths stranger
than perhaps a maden ought to own, a parent nows how
to e cuse the fangs of a daughter and a woman can throw
a coa over the frates of her se .
Ths too s my addtona msfortune, reped Cha-
rcea am spea ng to those of understandng, yet
am not understood. he spea ng of my own msfor-
tunes, am not supposed to spea of them. must enter
then upon a pan unvarnshed accusaton of mysef.
he was preparng to decare everythng whch reated to her
stuaton and connectons, when she was nterrupted by a
sudden and oud shout from the muttude for Theagenes,
after urgng hs horse at ts swftest speed and gettng even
wth the bu s head, suddeny eapng from the anma
(whch he aowed to run oose) threw hmsef on the bu s
nec . e paced hs face between hs horns, cosey em-
performed by a Thessaan, as he was (Caud. cap. 21). Prseterea
Thcssaos e utes u feros tauros per spata ere agunt, nsunt ue
defessos, et ad terran cornbus detrahunt. The above e pot was
caed ravpo a apa. t s represented n one of the runde
marbes.
Tof ovvtroTg dovvtra p tyy fa.
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2 2 T D TU
braced hs forehead wth hs arms (as wth a chapet),
casped hs fngers n front, and ettng hs body fa on the
beast s rght shouder, sustaned hs bounds, and shoc s
wth tte hurt. hen he perceved hm to be fatgued
wth hs weght, and that hs musces began to be rea ed
and yed, ust as he passed by the pace where ydaspes
sat, he shfted hs body to the front, entanged hs egs wth
)hose of the bu, contnuousy c ng hm and hnderng
hs progress. The beast beng thus mpeded, and borne
down at the same tme by the weght and force of the youth,
trps and tumbes upon hs head, ros upon hs bac , and
there es supne, hs horns deepy mbedded n the ground,
and hs egs uverng n the ar, testfyng to hs defeat.
Theagenes ept hm down wth hs eft hand, and waved hs
rght towards ydaspes and the muttude, nvtng them,
wth a smng and cheerfu countenance, to ta e part n hs
re ocng, whe the beowngs of the bu served nstead of
a trumpet to ceebrate hs trumph. The appause of the
muttude was e pressed not so much by artcuate words,
as by a shout, gvng open-mouthed to en of ther wonder-
ment, and wth ts sounds e tong hm to the very s es.
y order of ydaspes, Theagenes was brought before hm,
and the bu, by a rope ted over hs horns, was ed bac
wea and dsprted towards the atar, where they agan
fastened hm, together wth the horse whch had escaped. The ng was preparng to spea to Theagenes, when the
muttude, nterested n hm from the frst, and now de-
ghted wth ths nstance of hs strength and courage,
but st more moved wth eaousy towards the foregn
wrester, caed out wth one voce et hm be matched
wth Maroebus s champon. et hm who has receved the
eephant contend, f he dare, wth hm who has subdued the
bu. They pressed and nssted on ths so ong, t at
ength they e torted the consent of ydaspes. The feow
was caed out: he advanced, castng around ferce and con-
temptuous oo s, steppng haughty, datng hs chest, and
swngng hs arms wth nsoent defance. hen he came
near the roya tent, ydaspes oo ng at Theagenes, sad to
..,.. caput atum n prsea tot,
stendt ue humeros atos, aterna ue actat,
racha protendens, et verberat ctbus auras.
rg. n. v. 37 .
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T G D C C . 2 3
hm n Gree The peope are desrous that you shoud
engage wth ths man, you must therefore do so.
e t as they pease, reped Theagenes. ut what s
to be the nature of the contest restng, sad the
ng. hy not wth swords, and n armour returned
the other, that ether by my fa or by my vctory may
satsfy Charcea, who perssts n conceang everythng
whch reates to our connecton, or perhaps at ast has cast
me off.
hy you thus brng n the name of Charcea, reped
ydaspes, you best now but you must wreste, and not
fght wth swords, for no bood must be shed on ths day,
but at the atar. Theagenes perceved the ng s appre-
henson est he shoud fa before the sacrfce, and sad,
Tou do we, ng, to reserve me for the gods they too,
you may be assured, w watch over my preservaton. o
sayng, ta ng up a handfu of dust, he sprn ed t over
hs mbs, aready droppng wth sweat, from hs e ertons
n pursut of the bu. e shoo off a whch dd not
adhere and stretchng out hs arms, pantng hs feet frmy,
bendng hs nees a tte, roundng hs bac and shouders,
throwng bac hs nec , and contractng a hs musces, he
stood an ousy watng the grpe of hs antagonst. The
thopan seeng hm, grmy smed, and by hs contemp-
tuous gestures seemed to sght hs adversary.
Ma ng a rush he et fa hs arm, e some mghty bar,
upon the nec of Theagenes at the echo whch t made
the braggart aughed e utngy. Theagenes, traned n
the wrestng-schoo trc s from hs youth, and famar
wth a the trc s of the Mercura art determned to gve
ground at frst, and havng made tra of hs adversary, not
to stand up aganst such tremendous weght and savage
ferocty, but to eude hs undscpned strength by s
and subtety. taggerng bac , then, a tte from hs pace
he affected to suffer more than he reay dd, and e posed
the other sde of hs nec to hs opponent s bow and when
the frcan panted another ht n that uarter, purposey
gvng way, he pretended amost to be fang upon hs
Mercur, facunde nepos tants,
u feros cutua homnum recentum
oce formast oatus, et decora
More paestrw. or. . d. . 1 .
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2 4 T D TU
face. ut when wa ng stronger n contempt and con-
fdence, hs antagonst was now a thrd tme, unguardedy
rushng on, and about to et fa hs uprased arm, Theagenes
got wthn hs guard, eudng hs bow by a sudden twst,
and wth hs rght ebow struc up the other s eft arm, and
dashed hm to the earth, aready mpeed downwards by
the sway of hs own mssed bow then sppng hs hand
under hs armpts, he got upon hs bac , and wth dffcuty
spannng hs brawny wast, ncessanty c ed hs feet and
ances, and compeed hm to rse upon hs nees, strode
over hm, pressed hm n the gron wth hs egs, struc
from under hm the support of hs hands, and twnng hs
arms about hs tempes, dragged hs head bac upon hs
shouders, and so stretched hm wth hs bey on the ground.
n unversa shout of appause, greater than before, now
burst from the muttude nor coud the ng contan hm-
sef, but sprngng from hs throne hatefu necessty,
he cred, what a hero of a man are we compeed to sacr-
fce and cang hm to hm he sad, Toung man, t now
remans for you to be crowned for the atar, accordng to
our custom. Tou havo deserved a crown too for your
gorous but useess vctory, and transtory trumph and
though t be out of my power, however wng may be, to
preserve your fe, whatever can do for you w. f
therefore there s any thng you wsh to have done, ether
before or after your death, as t freey. o sayng he too
a crown of god, set wth precous stones, and put t on hs
head and, whe he paced t there, was seen to shed tears.
have but one thng to as , sad Theagenes, and
ths earnesty beseech you that may obtan. f t
be mpossbe for me to avod beng sacrfed, grant that
may suffer by the hands of ths your newy recovered
daughter.
ydaspes was annoyed at ths repy, and caed to mnd
the conformty of ths re uest to that made ust before
by Charcea but, as the tme pressed, he dd not thn
t necessary to n ure partcuary nto the reasons of
t, and ony sad, hatever s possbe, tranger en-
couraged you to as , and promsed that you shoud obtan
wood-out, n some degree ustratve of ths descrpton, w be
found at p. 708 of Gree and omsn nt utes, under the artce
Pancratum.
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T G U D C C . 2
but she, who performs the sacrfce the aw dstncty
decares, must be one who has a husband, not a maden.
Charcea has a husband, sad Theagenes. These
are the words, reped ydaspes, of one who trfes and
s about to de. The atar has decared her unmarred and a
vrgn uness ndeed you ca ths Meroebus her husband
(havng somehow heard the rumour) he however s not yet
her husband he s yet n accordance wth my w, ony her
ntended.
or w he ever be her husband, sad Theagenes, f
now aught of Charcea s sentments and, f beng a
vctm, credt s due to me as nspred by prophecy. ut,
far r, sad Meroebus, t s not vng but saughtered
vctms whch afford nowedge to the eers. Tou are
rght, re, n sayng that the stranger ta s foy, and
e one ust about to de. Command, therefore, that he be
ed to the atar and when you sha have fnshed a your
busness, begn the rtes, pray you.
Theagenes was beng ed away and Charcea, who had
breathed agan when he was vctorous, was once more
punged nto gref, when she saw t had profted hm
nothng. Persna observed her tears, and feeng for her
affcton, sad t s possbe may yet have power to
save ths Grecan, f you w e pan more ceary a the
partcuars reatng to yoursef.
Charcea, who saw that there was not a moment to be
ost, was a second tme preparng to own everythng when
ydaspes n urng from the ord n watng whether any
ambassadors remaned who had not had audence, was tod
ony those from yene, who were that nstant arrved, wth
etters from roondates, and presents. et them too
approach, and e ecute thercommsson, sad the mon-
arch. They were ntroduced, and devered etters to ths
effect:
roondates, ceroy of the Great ng, to ydaspes,
the ng of . thopa.
nce con ueror n fght, you are yet more con ueror n
magnanmty, n restorng to me a vceroyaty unas ed,
have tte doubt that sha obtan a sght re uest.
young maden who was beng conducted from Memphs to
my camp, became nvoved n the pers of war, and as
am nformed, was sent by you nto thopa. Ths have
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2 T D TU P
earnt from those who were wth her and who escaped:
beg she may be sent to me, both on account of the
maden hersef, as we as for her fathers sa e, who, after
havng wandered over haf the gobe, n search of hs
daughter, came at ast to ephantne, and was ta en pr-
soner by the garrson. hen revewng those of my so-
ders who survved, saw hm and he earnesty desred to
be sent to your cemency. e s among the ambassadors,
hs manners and bearng shew hm to be of nobe brth, and
hs very countenance and oo s spea strongy n hs favour.
Dsmss hm then, ng, beseech you, happy and con-
tented from your presence. end bac to me one who s a
father not merey n name but n reaty.
ydaspes, havng read the etter, n ured who t was,
who was come n uest of hs daughter. hen he was
ponted out to hm, he sad, am ready, stranger, to do
every thng whch roondates re uests of me. ut of the
ten captve madens whom we have brought hther, one
assuredy s not your daughter e amne the rest, and f
she be found among them ta e her.
The od man, fang down, ssed hs feet. The madens
were brought, and passed n revew before hm but when
he saw not her whom he sought, he sad sorrowfuy
one of these, ng, s my daughter. Tou have my
good w n your behaf, reped ydaspes. Tou must
bame ortune f you have not dscovered your chd. t s
n your power to search, f you w, through the camp and
to ascertan that none ese has been brought hther besdes
these.
The od man smote hs forehead, and wept and, then
after rasng hs eyes, and oo ng round hm, he suddeny
sprang forward, e one dstracted and upon comng to
the atar, he twsted the end of hs ong robe nto the form
of a hater, threw t over the nec of Theagenes, and pued
hm towards hm, cryng out have found you, my
enemy have found you, man of bood, detested wretch
The guards nterposed, and endeavoured to resst and
pu hm away, but eepng a frm hod and cngng cosey
to hm, he succeeded n brngng hm before ydaspes and
the counc.
Ths, ng, sad he, s the man who stoe away my
daughter. Ths s he who has rendered my house chdess
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T G D C C . 2 7
and desoate who, after ravshng away my daughter from
the mdst of poo s atar, now sts as though he were
hoy hesde the atars of the gods.
The assemby was thrown nto commoton at what was
ta ng pace. They dd not understand what he sad, but
wondered at what they saw hm do and ydaspes com-
manded hm to e pan hmsef more pany, and say what
he woud have when the od man (t was Charces), con-
ceang the true crcumstances of the brth and e posure
of Charcea, est, f she shoud have pershed n her fght
or ourney, he mght come nto some coson wth her rea
parents, e paned brefy such matters as coud produce no
resuts.
had a daughter, ng and had you seen her varous
and uncommon perfectons, both of mnd and person, you
woud say have good cause for spea ng as do. he
ved the fe of a vrgn, a prestess of Dana, n the tempe
at Deph. Ths nobe Thessaan, forsooth, who was sent
by hs country to presde over a soemn embassy and sacr-
fce to be ceebrated n our hoy cty, stoe her away from
the very shrne, say, of poo.
usty may he be consdered to have nsuted you by
profanng your natona dety poo and hs tempe, poo
beng dentca wth the un. s assstant n ths mpous
outrage was a pretended prest of Memphs. n my pur-
sut, came to Thessay and the Thessaans offered to
gve hm up shoud he be found as one accursed and
deservng death. Thn ng t probabe that Caasrs mght
have chosen Memphs as a pace of refuge, hastened
thther. Caasrs, found, was dead but earnt a
partcuars concernng my daughter from hs son Thyams,
who tod me that she had been sent to roondates at
yene. fter beng dsapponted at not fndng the atter
at yene, and havng been mysef detaned prsoner at e-
phants, now appear before you as a suppant, to see my
chd. Tou w, then, deepy obge me, a man of many
grefs, and w aso gratfy your own sef, by not dsre-
gardng the ceroy s ntercesson. e ceased, and burst
nto tears.
The ng as ed Theagenes what repy he had to ma e
to a ths. The whoe charge, sad he, s true. To
s
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2 8 T D TU
ths man have been a ravsher, un ust, and voent but
to you have been a benefactor. estore, then, another s
daughter, sad ydaspes. Tou have been dedcated to
the gods et your death be a hoy and gorous sacrfce
not the ust punshment of crme.
ot he who commtted the voence, sad Theagenes
but he who reaps the fruts of t, s bound to ma e
resttuton. Do you then restore Charcea, for she s n
your possesson. The od man, you sha see, w own your
daughter to be her whom he see s.
one coud repress ther emoton: a were n confuson.
ut smthres, who had htherto ept sence, though
ong snce understandng a that was beng sad and done,
yet watng t the crcumstances shoud become yet cearer,
now ran up and embraced Charces. Tour adopted
chd, sad he, she whom formery devered nto your
hands, s safe: she s, and has been ac nowedged to be,
the daughter of those whom you now.
Upon ths Charcea rushed out of the tent, and over-
oo ng a restrants of se or madeny reserve, fung
hersef at the feet of Charces, and cred out, my father
not ess revered than the authors of my brth, punsh
me, your crue and ungratefu daughter, as you thn ft,
regardess of my ony e cuse, that what has been done was
ordaned by the rresstbe w and appontment of the
gods. Persna, on the other sde, threw her arms round
ydaspes, and sad, My dear husband, be assured that
a ths s truth, and that ths stranger Gree s her
betrothed. The peope, on the other hand, eaped and
danced for oy every age and condton were, wthout
e cepton, deghted not understandng, ndeed, the greater
part of what was sad, but con ecturng the facts from what
had ta en pace wth Charcea. Perhaps, too, they were
brought to a comprehenson of the truth by some secret
nfuence of the dety, who had ordered a these events so
dramatcay, producng out of the greatest dscords the
most perfect harmony: oy out of gref smes from tears
out of a stern spectace a gadsome feast aughter from
weepng re ocng out of mournng the fndng of those
who were not sought the osngt of those who were n
y ydaspes. t y Charces.
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T G D C C . 2
magnaton found n one word, a hoy sacrfce out of an
antcpated saughter.
t ength ydaspes sad to smthres, sage what
are we to do To defraud the gods of ther vctms s not
pous to sacrfce those who appear to be preserved and
restored by ther provdence s mpous. t needs that some
e pedent be found out.
smthres, spea ng, not n the Grecan, but n the
thopan tongue, so as to be heard by the greatest part of
the assemby, reped: ng the wsest among men, as
t appears, often have the understandng couded through
e cess of oy, ese, before ths tme, you woud have dscovered
that the gods regard not wth favour the sacrfce whch you
have been preparng for them. rst they, from the very
atar, decared the a-bessed Charcea to be your daughter
ne t they brought her foster-father most wonderfuy from
the mdst of Greece to ths spot they struc panc and
terror nto the horses and o en whch were beng prepared
for sacrfce, ndcatng, perhaps, by that event, that those
whom custom consdered as the more perfect and fttng
vctms were to be re ected. ow, as the consummaton of
a good, as the perfecton of the pece,f they show ths
Grecan youth to be the betrothed husband of the maden.
et us gve credence to these proofs of the dvne and
wonder-wor ng w et us be feow wor ers wth ths
/w et us have recourse to hoer offerngs et us abosh,
for ever, these detested human sacrfces.
hen smthres had uttered ths, n a oud voce,
ydaspes, spea ng aso n the thopan tongue, and
ta ng Theagenes and Charcea by the hand, thus pro-
ceeded :
Tme and tde had thus ther sway,
Tedng, e an pr day,
mng noon for suen morrow,
Tears of oy for hours of sorrow. eotfc-
teray, the torch of the drama. afnra ov gafarog.
pavfr rovvv vfz rour
apra ag Upag afa rpor frrt
rovv rovrov tovtov n tcv
a fo rcuav a ovvrg. rstoph. at. 14 3.
ee smar ausons n the umendes of sehyus, , 7 .
(Muer s dt.)
s 2
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2 0 T G D C C .
e who are ths day assembed snce these thngs have
been thus brought to pass by the w of the detes, to
oppose them woud be mpous. herefore, cang to
wtness those who have woven these events nto the web of
destny, and you whose mnds appear to be n concert wth
them, sancton the onng together of ths par n wed-
oc and procreatve unon. f you approve, et a sacrfce
confrm ths resouton, and then proceed we wth the
sacred rtes.
The assemby sgnfed ther approva by a shout, and
capped ther hands, n to en of the nuptas beng ratfed.
ydaspes approached the atar, and, n act to begn the
ceremony, sad, ordy un and ueeny Moon snce by
your ws Theagenes and Charcea have been decared
man and wfe, they may now awfuy be your mnsters.
o sayng, he too off hs own and Persna s mtre, the
symbo of the presthood, and paced hs own upon the head
of the youth, that of hs consort upon the maden s head.
Upon ths Charces caed to mnd the orace whch had
been gven to them n the tempe before ther fght from
Deph, and ac nowedged ts fufment.
n regons torrd sha arrve at ast,
There sha the gods reward ther pous vows,
nd snowy chapets bnd ther dus y brows.
The youthfu par then, crowned by ydaspes wth whte
mtres, and nvested wth the dgnty of presthood, sacr-
fced under proptous omens and, accompaned by ghted
torches and the sounds of ppes and futes, Theagenes and
ydaspes, Charces and smthres, n charots drawn by
horses, Persna and Charcea, n one drawn by m whte
o en, were escorted, nto Meroe (amdst shouts, cappng of hands, and dances), there to ceebrate wth greater mag-
nfcence the more mystc portons of the nupta rtes.
Thus ends the onance of the thopcs, or dven-
tures of Theagenes and Charcea, wrtten by a Phoencan
of mesa, n Phoenca, of the race of the un eodorus,
the son of Theodosus.
ee oo .
T D.
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D P D C ,
P T ,
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M TT .
what a fe were ths how sweet, how ovey t
Gves not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade
To shepherds oo ng on ther sy sheep,
Than doth a rch embrodered canopy
To ngs, that fear ther sub ects treachery
h yes t doth a thousand-fod t doth.
ha spea e.
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P C .
he huntng n esbos, saw n a grove, sacred to the
ymphs, the most beautfu sght whch had ever come
before my eyes an hstorca pantng, whch represented
the ncdents of a ove-story. The grove tsef was beautfu,
aboundng wth trees and fowers, whch receved ther nou-
rshment from a snge fountan. More deghtfu, however,
than these was the pantng, dspayng, as t dd, great
s , and representng the fortunes of ove. ecause of
the fame of ths pcture, many strangers resorted thther to
pay ther adoratons to the ymphs, and to vew the
pantng. The sub ects of t were women n the throes of
chd-brth nurses wrappng the new-born babes n swathng
cothes nfants e posed anmas of the foc gvng them
suc shepherds carryng them away young peope pedg-
ng ther mutua troth an attac by prates an nroad by
a hoste force.
s vewed and admred these and many other thngs,
a contanng ove ausons, conceved the desre of
wrtng an ustraton of the pece, and havng sought
out a person to e pan the varous ausons, at ength
competed four boo s, an offerng to the God of ove,
Compare the descrpton of the pcture representng the story of
uropa, n ches Tatus. . ., and those of ndromeda and Pro-
metheus n . .
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P C .
to the ymphs, and to Pan a wor , moreover, whch
w be acceptabe to every one, for t w remedy dsease,
t w soace gref, t w refresh the memory of hm who
has once oved, t w nstruct hm who s as yet gnorant
of ove. o one, assuredy, has ever escaped, or w
escape, the nfuence of ths passon, so ong as beauty
remans to be seen, and eyes e st to behod t.
May the Dety grant me, undsturbed mysef, to descrbe
the emotons of others
uave etam be certamna magna tuer
Per campoa nstructa, tud sne parte perc
ucret, 11, .
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T D P D C .
n the sand of esbos there s an e tensve cty caed Mtyene, the appearance of whch s beautfu the sea
ntersects t by varous canas, and t s adorned wth brdges
of poshed whte stone. Tou mght magne you behed an
sand rather than a cty.
bout twenty-four mes from Mtyene, were the posses-
sons of a rch man, whch formed a very fne estate. The
mountans abounded wth game, the feds produced corn, the
hs were thc wth vnes, the pastures wth herds, and the
sea-washed shore conssted of an e tent of smooth sand.
s amon, a goatherd, was tendng hs herds upon the
estate, he found a chd suc ed by a she-goat. The pace where t was yng was an oa coppce and tanged thc et,
wth vy wndng about t, and soft grass beneath thther
the goat contnuay ran and dsappeared from sght, eavng
her own d n order to reman near the chd. amon
watched her movements, beng greved to see the d neg-
ected, and one day when the sun was burnng n hs mer-
dan heat he foows her steps and sees her standng over
the nfant wth the utmost cauton, est her hoofs mght
n ure t, whe the chd suc ed copous draughts of her
m as f from ts mother s breast. truc wth natura
astonshment, he advances cose to the spot and dscovers
a usty and handsome mae-chd, wth far rcher swathng
cothes than suted ts fortune n beng thus e posed for ts
tte mante was of fne purpe, and fastened by a goden
casp, and t had a tte sword wth a ht of vory.
t frst amon resoved to eave the nfant to ts fate,
and to carry off ony the to ens but feeng afterwards
ashamed at the refecton, that n dong so, he shoud be
nferor n humanty, even to a goat, he wated for the
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2 D P D C .
approach of nght, and then carred home the nfant wth
the to ens, and the she-goat hersef to Myrtae hs wfe.
Myrtae was astonshed, and thought t strange f goats
coud produce chdren, upon whch her husband recounts
every partcuar how he found the nfant e posed how t
was suc ed and how ashamed he fet at the dea of eavng
t to persh. he shared hs feengs, so they agreed to con-
cea the to ens, and adopt the chd as ther own, com-
mttng the rearng of t to the goat and that the name
aso mght be a pastora one they determned to ca t
Daphns.
Two years had now eapsed, when Dryas, a neghbourng
shepherd, tendng hs foc , found an nfant under smar
crcumstances.
There was a grotto sacred to the ymphs t was a
spacous roc , concave wthn, conve wthout. The statues
of the ymphs themseves were carved n stone. Ther
feet were bare, ther arms na ed to the shouder, ther har
fang dsheveed upon ther shouders, ther vests grt about
the wast, a smef sat upon ther brow ther whoe sem-
bance was that of a troop of dancers. The dome of the
grotto rose over the mdde of the roc . ater, sprng-
ng from a fountan, formed a runnng stream, and a trm
meadow stretched ts soft and abundant herbage before
the entrance, fed by the perpetua mosture. thn,
m -pas, transverse-futes, fageoets and pastora ppes
Compare the descrpton of the Grotto of the ymphs n thaca.
dys. . .
peasant cave .
Umbrageous, to the ymphs devoted, nam d
The aads ea ers n that cave and ars
f stone are found bees odge ther honey there
nd there on sender spndes of the roc
The nymphs of rvers weave ther wondrous robes.
Perenna sprngs rse n t. Cowper.
p svraupoc a/tv c,
ayavo: apbv y dooag ppv. Pndar.
) ua rendered by the atn transaton, fastgum by the
taan, gro by the rench, voute s not to be found, n
that sense, n dde and cott s e con.
Theoc. dy. . 28. enumerates these nstruments:
s fo to f opa, a r v ovpyy a o ,
r v a w a w, r v uvc , 7 v r ayav tp
The r ayav og resembed the German fute.
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D P D C . 2 7
were suspended the offerngs of many an aged shep-
herd.
n ewe of Dryas s foc whch had atey ambed had fre-
uenty resorted to ths grotto, and rased apprehensons of
her beng ost. The shepherd wshng to cure her of ths
habt, and to brng her bac to her former way of grazng,
twsted some green osers nto the form of a sp not, and
approached the roc wth the vew of sezng her. Upon
arrvng there, however, he behed a sght far contrary to
hs e pectaton. e found hs ewe affectonatey offerng
from her udder copous draughts of m to an nfant, whch
wthout any wang, eagery turned from one teat to the
other ts cean and gossy face, the anma c ng t, as soon
as t had had ts f.
Ths chd was a femae: and had besde ts swathng
garments, by way of to ens, a head-dress wrought wth god,
gt sandas, and goden an ets.
Dryas magnng that ths foundng was a gft from the
Dety, and nstructed by hs sheep to pty and ove the
nfant, rased her n hs arms, paced the to ens n hs
scrp, and prayed the ymphs that ther favour mght
attend upon hm n brngng up ther suppant and when
the tme was come for drvng hs catte from ther pasture,
he returns to hs cottage, reates what he had seen to hs
wfe, e hbts what he had found, urges her to observe a
secrecy, and to regard and rear the chd as her own
daughter.
ape (for so hs wfe was caed) mmedatey became a
mother to the nfant, and fet affecton towards t, fearng
perhaps to be outdone n tenderness by the ewe, and to
ma e appearances more probabe, gave the chd the pastora
nameof Choe.
The two chdren grew rapdy, and ther persona ap-
pearance e ceeded that of ordnary rustcs. Daphns was
now ffteen and Choe was hs unor by two years, when
on the same nght amon and Dryas had the foowng
The rpo t (n atn, Persces see or. pst. 1. v. ,)
was an an et or bange, commony worn not ony by the rentas,
the gyptans, and the Gree s, but by the oman ades aso. t s
fre uenty represented n the pantngs of Gree fgures on the was
of Pompe. Det. of Gree and om. nt .
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2 8 D P D C .
dream. They thought that they hehed the ymphs of the
Grotto, n whch the fountan was and where Dryas found
the nfant, presentng Daphns and Choe to a very saucy
oo ng and handsome boy, who had wngs upon hs shoud-
ers, and a tte bow and arrows n hs hand. e ghty
touched them both wth one of hs shafts, and commanded
them henceforth to foow a pastora fe. The boy was to
tend goats, the gr was to have the charge of sheep.
The hepherd and Goat-herd havng had ths dream,
were greved to thn that these, ther adopted chdren,
were e themseves to have the care of foc s. Ther
dress had gven promse of a better fortune, n conse uence
of whch ther fare had been more decate, and ther educa-
ton and accompshments superor to those of a country
fe.
t appeared to them, however, that n the case of chdren
whom the gods had preserved, the w of the gods must
be obeyed so each havng communcated to the other hs
dream, they offered a sacrfce to the wnged boy, the
companon of the nymphs, (for they were unac uanted
wth hs name) and sent forth the young peope to ther
pastora empoyments, havng frst nstructed them n ther
dutes how to pasture ther herds before the noon-day
heat, and when t was abated at what tme to ead them
to the stream, and afterwards to drve them home to the
fod whch of ther sheep and goats re ured the croo ,
and to whch ony the voce was necessary.
They, on ther part, receved the charge as f t had been
some powerfu soveregnty, and fet an affecton for ther
sheep and goats beyond what s usua wth shepherds:
Choe referrng her preservaton to a ewe, and Daphns
rememberng that a she-goat had suc ed hm when he was
e posed.
t was the begnnng of sprng, the fowers were n boom
throughout the woods, the meadows, and the mountans
there were the buzzngs of the bee, the warbngs of the
songsters, the frocs of the ambs. The young of the foc
were s ppng on the mountans, the bees few hummng
through the meadows, and the songs of the brds resounded
through the bushes. eeng a thngs pervaded wth such
unversa oy, they, young and susceptbe as they were,
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D P D C . 2
mtated whatever they saw or heard. earng the caro of
the brds, they sang seeng the sportve s ppng of the
ambs, they danced and n mtaton of the bees they
gathered fowers. ome they paced n ther bosoms, and
others they wove nto chapets and carred them as offerngs
to the ymphs.
They tended ther foc s n company, and a ther occu-
patons were n common. Daphns fre uenty coected the
sheep, whch had strayed, and Choe drove bac from a pre-
cpce the goats whch were too venturesome. ometmes one
woud ta e the entre management both of goats and sheep,
whe the other was ntent upon some amusement
Ther sports were of a pastora and chdsh nd. Choe
sometmes negected her foc and went n search of sta s of asphode, wth whch she wove traps for ocusts whe
Daphns devoted hmsef to payng t nghtfa upon hs
ppe, whch he had formed by cuttng sender reeds, per-
foratng the ntervas between the onts, and compactng
them together wth soft wa . ometmes they shared ther
m and wne, and made a common mea upon the provson
whch they had brought from home and sooner mght you
see one part of the foc dvded from the other than Daph-
ns separate from Choe.
he thus engaged n ther amusements ove contrved
an nterrupton of a serous nature.t she-wof from the
neghbourhood had often carred off ambs from other shep-
herds foc s, as she re ured a pentfu suppy of food for
her wheps. Upon ths the vagers assembed by nght
and dug pts n the earth, s feet wde and twenty-four feet
deep. The greater part of the oose earth, dug out of these
pts, they carred to a dstance and scattered about, spreadng
the remander over some ong dry stc s ad over the mouth
of the pts, so as to resembe the natura surface of the
ground. The stc s were wea er than straws, so that f
even a hare ran over them they woud brea and prove that
nstead of substance there was but a show of sod earth.
The vagers dug many of these pts n the mountans and
n the pans, but they coud not succeed n capturng the
ee Theoc. dy. 1. 2.
rap oy av p aa a ar tt t t a p c o 0 a v.
arov r v avr aot.
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270 D P D C .
wof, whch dscovered the contrvance of the snare. They
however caused the destructon of many of ther own goats
and sheep, and very neary, as we sha see, that of Daphns.
Two angry he-goats engaged n fght. The contest wa ed
more and more voent, unt one of them havng hs horn
bro en ran away beowng wth pan. The vctor foowed
n hot and cose pursut. Daphns, ve ed to see that hs
goat s horn was bro en, and that the con ueror persevered
n hs vengeance, sezed hs cub and croo , and pursued the
pursuer. n conse uence of the former hurryng on n
wrath, and the atter fyng n trepdaton, nether of them
observed what ay n ther path, and both fe nto a pt,
the goat frst, Daphns afterwards. Ths was the means
of preservng hs fe, the goat servng as a support n hs
descent. Poor Daphns remaned at the bottom amentng
hs sad mshap wth tears, and an ousy hopng that some
one mght pass by, and pu hm out. Choe, who had
observed the accdent, hastened to the spot, and fndng that
he was st ave, summoned a cowherd from an ad acent
fed to come to hs assstance. e obeyed the ca, but
upon see ng for a rope ong enough to draw Daphns out,
no rope was to be found: upon whch Choe undong her
head-band,t gave t to the cowherd to et down they then
paced themseves at the brn of the pt, and hed one end,
whe Daphns grasped the other wth both hands, and so
got out.
They then e trcated the unhappy goat, who had both hs
horns bro en by the fa, and thus suffered a ust punsh-
ment for hs revenge towards hs defeated feow-combatant.
They gave hm to the herdsman as a reward for hs assst-
ance, and f the famy at home n ured after hm, were
prepared to say that he had been destroyed by a wof.
fter ths they returned to see whether ther foc s were
safe, and fndng both goats and sheep feedng uety and
ordery, they sat down on the trun of a tree and began to
e amne whether Daphns had receved any wound. o
hurt or bood was to be seen, but hs har and a the rest of
hs person were covered wth mud and drt. Daphns
tcutce Tov tutcovra.
ravav ether a head-baud or breast-band.
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D P D C . 271
thought t woud be best to wash hmsef, before amon and
Myrtae shoud fnd out what had happened to hm pro-
ceedng wth Choe to the Grotto of the ymphs, he gave
her hs tunc and scrp n charge.
e then approached the fountan and washed hs har
and hs whoe person. s har was ong and bac , and hs
body sun-burnt one mght have magned that ts hue was
derved from the overshadowng of hs oc s. Choe thought
hm beautfu, and because she had never done so before,
attrbuted hs beauty to the effects of the bath. s she was
washng hs bac and shouders hs tender fesh yeded to
her hand, so that, unobserved, she fre uenty touched her
own s n, n order to ascertan whch of the two was softer.
The sun was now settng, so they drove home ther foc s,
the ony wsh n Choe s mnd beng to see Daphns bathe
agan. The foowng day, upon returnng to the accustomed
pasture, Daphns sat as usua under an oa , payng upon
hs ppe and surveyng hs goats yng down and apparenty
stenng to hs strans. Choe, on her part, sttng near hm,
oo ed at her sheep, but more fre uenty turned her eyes
upon Daphns agan he appeared to her beautfu as he was
payng upon hs ppe, and she attrbuted hs beauty to the
meody, so that ta ng the ppe she payed upon t, n order,
f possbe, to appear beautfu hersef. he persuaded hm
to bathe agan, she oo ed at hm when n the bath, and
whe oo ng at hm, touched hs s n: after whch, as she
returned home, she mentay admred hm, and ths admra-
ton was the begnnng of ove. he new not the meanng
of her feengs, young as she was, and brought up n the
country, and never havng heard from any one, so much as
the name of ove. he fet an oppresson at her heart, she
coud not restran her eyes from gazng upon hm, nor her
mouth from often pronouncng hs name. he too no food,
she ay awa e at nght, she negected her foc , she aughed
and wept by turns now she woud doze, then suddeny start
up at one moment her face became pae, n another moment
t burnt wth bushes. uch rrtaton s not fet even by
hat now foows, as far as the soo uy on Choe s ss, s a
transaton of the fragment dscovered by M. Courer, n the aurentan
brary at orence, n 180 , whch suppes the hatus defendus
whch t then nterrupted the narratve.
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272 D P D C .
the breeze-stung hefer. Upon one occason, when aone,
she thus reasoned wth hersef. am no doubt , but
what my maady s now not am n pan, and yet
have no wound fee gref, and yet have ost none of my
foc burn, and yet am sttng n the shade: how often
have brambes torn my s n, wthout my sheddng a snge
tear how often have the bees stung me, yet coud st
en oy my meas hatever t s whch now wounds my
heart, must be sharper than ether of these. Daphns s
beautfu, so are the fowers hs ppe breathes sweety, so
does the nghtngae yet ta e no account ether of brds
or fowers. oud that coud become a ppe, that he
mght pay upon me or a goat, that mght pasture under
hs care crue fountan, thou madest Daphns aone
beautfu my bathng has been a n van Dear ymphs,
ye see me pershng, yet nether do ye endeavour to save
the maden brought up among you ho w crown you
wth fowers when am gone ho w ta e care of my
poor ambs ho w attend to my chrpng ocust, whch
caught wth so much troube, that ts song mght u me
to rest n the grotto but now am seepess, because of
Daphns, and my ocust chrps n van
uch were the feengs, and such the words of Choe,
whe as yet gnorant of the name of ove. ut Dorco
the cowherd (the same who had drawn Daphns and the
goat out of the pt), a young feow who aready boasted
of some beard upon hs chn, and who new not merey
the name but the reates of ove, had become enamoured
of Choe, from the frst tme of meetng her. eeng
hs passon ncrease day by day, and despsng Daphns,
whom he oo ed upon as a mere boy, he determned to
effect hs purpose ether by gfts or by dnt of force. t
frst he made presents to them both he gave Daphns a
shepherd s ppe, havng ts nne reedst connected wth meta
oTffrpo r ye
faory t(f yr/v rpb y g ( avvoa.
Much. P. . 81. ee aso rg. G. . 14 1 1.
o, Theocrtus .vpyy u fvvtapwvov. dy. v. 21.
The shepherd s ppe was n genera composed of seven une ua reeds,
compacted wth wa , and conse uenty was ony seven-toned.
st mh dsparhus septem, compacts ccuts
stua. rg. c . 3 .
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D P D C . 273
n eu of wa . e presented Choe wth a fawn s n, spot-
ted a over, such as s worn by the acchantes. avng
thus nsnuated hmsef nto ther frendshp, he by degrees
negected Daphns, but every day brought somethng to
Choe, ether a decate cheese, or a chapet of fowers, or a
rpe appe. n one occason he brought her a mountan
caf, a gt drn ng cup, and the nestngs of a wd brd.
he, gnorant as she was of ove s artfces, receved hs gfts
wth peasure t chefy peased, however, at havng some-
thng to gve Daphns. ne day t happened that Dorco
and he (for he ewse was destned to e perence the pans
and penates of ove) had an argument on the sub ect of
ther respectve share of beauty. Choe was to be umpre,
and the vctor s reward was to be a ss from her. Dorco,
thus began
Maden, sad he, am taer than Daphns, am aso
a cowherd, he, a goatherd, therefore e ce hm as far as
o en are superor to goats am far as m , and my har
brown as the rpe harvest fed moreover, had a mother to
brng me up, not a goat. e, on the other hand s short,
beardess as a woman, and has a s n as tawny as a wof
whe ,from tendng he-goats, he has contracted a goatsh
sme he s aso so poor, that he cannot afford to eep even
a dog and f t be true that a nanny gave hm suc , he s
no better than a nanny s son.
uch was Dorco s speech t was ne t the turn of
Daphns
t s true, sad he, that a she-goat suc ed me, and so
dd a she-goat suc e ove tend he-goats and w brng
them nto better condton than hs o en, but sme of them
no more than Pan does, who has n hm more of a goat than
any thng ese. am content wth cheese, coarse bread, and
whte wne, the food sutabe for country fo . am beard-
Parta mese ener sunt prsema nam ue notav,
pse ocum aerse uo congessere paumbes.
rg. c. 8.
have found out a gft for my far,
have found where the wood-pgeons breed.
henstone.
ap apv. ov v sppuv ap pu.
aproc f ae, read ba ed or toasted on a spt.
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274 D P D C .
ess, so s acchus am dar compe oned, so s the
hyacnth yet acchus s preferred before the satyr and the
hyacnth before the y. ow oo at hm, he s as sandy
hared as a fo , bearded as a goat, and smoc -faced as any
cty wench. f you have to bestow a ss, t w be gven
to my mouth, whereas t w be thrown away upon hs
brstes. emember aso, maden, that you owe your nurture
to a sheep, and yet ths has not marred your beauty.
Choe coud restran hersef no onger, but party from pea-
sure at hs prasng her, party from a desre of ssng hm,
she sprang forward and bestowed upon hm the prze an
artess and unsophstcated ss,t but one we cacuated to
set hs heart on fre. Upon ths, Dorco, n great dsgust, too
hmsef off, determned to see some other way of woong.
Daphns, as though he had been stung nstead of ssed,
became suddeny grave, fet a shverng a over, and coud
not contro the beatng of hs heart. e wshed to gaze
upon Choe, but at the frst gance hs face was suffused wth
bushes. or the frst tme he admred her har, because t
was auburn and her eyes, because they were arge and
brant her countenance, because t was farer than even
the m of hs own she-goats. ne mght have supposed
that he had ust receved the facuty of sght, havng had
t then, no specuaton n hs eyes.
rom ths moment, he too no food beyond the merest
ba gustra cadunt, vaccna ngra eguntur.
rg. c. . 18.
o doubt she too hm by the tps of hs ears. Ths mode of
sautaton was caed vrpa, the pot- ss, (audng to the doube
handes of a pot.) n after tmes t too the name of the orentne
ss. arton uotes an od genteman, who says, that when dsposed
to ss hs wfe wth unusua tenderness, he aways gave her the oren-
tne ss. Chapman s Theocrtus.
ue pa/ 7r7rac, on pt rpav v tf aav
Tuv Cruv a8 oa . dy. v. 13 .
avy g. nother readng s, adarp /3odf, e uvaent to the
/3ow7r of omer. appho uses the same comparson.
ut ove frst earned n a ady s eyes,
ves not aone mmured n the bran.

t adds a precous teeng to the eye. ha s.
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D P D C . 27
morse, no drn beyond what woud ust mosten hs ps.
ormery more chatterng than the ocusts, he became mute
he was now du and stess, whereas he had been more
nmbe than the goats. s foc was negected, hs ppe
was thrown asde hs face became paer than the summer-
parched herbage. Choe aone coud rouse hs powers of
speech whenever he was absent from her, he woud thus
fondy soo uze:
hat w be the resut of ths ss of Choe her
ps are softer than rose-buds, and her mouth s sweeter
than the honeycomb, but ths ss has eft a stng sharper
than the stng of a bee have fre uenty ssed the ds,
and the young puppes, and the caf whch Dorco gave
me, but ths ss of Choe s somethng ute new and
wonderfu My breath s gone, my heart pants, my sprt
sn s wthn me and des away and yet wsh to ss
agan My vctory has been the source of sorrow and of
a new dsease, whch now not how to name. Coud
Choe have tasted poson before she permtted me to ss
her f so, how s t that she survves ow sweety the
nghtngaes sng, whe my ppe s mute ow gay the
ds s p and pay, whe st stessy by The fowers
are n fu beauty, yet weave no garands The voets
and the hyacnths are boomng, whe Daphns droops and
fades away. as sha Dorco ever appear more beautfu
n Choe s eyes, than do
uch were the sensatons of the worthy Daphns, and
thus he vented hs feengs. e now frst fet the power,
and now frst uttered the anguage of ove.
n the mean tme Dorco, the cowherd, who entertaned a
passon for Choe, watched an opportunty of addressng
Dryas on the sub ect and fndng hm one day empoyed
n pantng a tree near one of hs vnes, he approached
f affv y wo r ay , av t rrrv
tr a p 7r r7ro pofa f
pfaraov ovfv opr p, /3o//3tu-
ffv a on p.o
ao p c pv pb ra rpdfog
Tavav ape pupor pr roag
T fp r vava yov ooa
favofa arvovg. appho.
T2
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27 D P D C .
carryng wth hm some fne cheeses. rst of a he
begged Dryas to accept of the cheeses as a present from an
od ac uantance and feow herdsman and then nformed
hm of the affecton whch he chershed towards hs daughter
Choe. e promsed that, f he shoud be so happy as
to obtan her for hs wfe, he was prepared to offer hm
gfts, many and handsome, as a cowherd coud bestow, a
yo e of o en ft for the pough, four hves of bees, ffty
young appe trees for pantng, the hde of an o , sutabe
for shoe eather, and a weaned caf annuay.
Dryas was amost tempted by these promses to gve hs assent to the marrage but on the other hand, refectng
that the maden was deservng of a better match, and fearng
east f ever dscovered, he mght get hmsef nto great
troube, he refused hs assent, at the same tme ntreatng
Dorco not to be affronted, and decnng to accept the gfts
whch he had enumerated.
Dorco beng thus a second tme dsapponted of hs hope,
and havng gven hs cheese away to no purpose, conceved
a pan of attac ng Choe by force, whenever he shoud fnd
her aone and havng observed that she and Daphns, on
aternate days, conducted the herds to drn , he contrved
a scheme, worthy of a neatherd s bran. arge wof had
been ed by hs bu, who fought n defence of the herd
Dorco t threw ths wofs s n over hm, so that t com-
petey covered hs bac , reachng to the ground, and he
ad usted t n such a manner, that the s ns of the fore
feet were ftted over hs hands, whe those of the hnd feet
spread down hs egs to the very hees. The head, wth ts
gapng aws, encased hm as competey as a soder s hemet.
avng thus be-wofed hmsef as much as possbe, he
wthdrew to the sprng, where the sheep and goats usuay
dran as they returned from pasture. The sprng was n
The readng n Courer s edton, frd rvpo wv rvv yvu v,
has been here foowed, nstead of the common one, whch yeds no
very cear sense ovpyyuv rv v yafacuv.
aaaro croa pvbv ro ffo v oc
par m rot v vv v. ad, . 334.
rom the e ampe of Dorco, ths became a favourte stratagem
among pastora characters. n the Pastor do (act v. sc. 2) Dornda
dsguses hersef as a wof, and the troubadour da was hunted
down n conse uence of a smar e perment. Dunop.
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D P D C . 277
a hoow, and around t the furze, brambes, unpers, and
thstes were so thc , that a rea wof mght easy choose
t as a ar. ere Dorco conceaed hmsef, and an ousy
wated for the tme when the foc s shoud come to drn ,
and when Choe, as he hoped, woud be so started and
terrfed by hs appearance that he mght easy seze her.
e had not remaned ong, when Choe conducted the
foc to the sprng, eavng Daphns empoyed n cuttng
green eaves as fodder for the ds n the evenng. The
dogs (the guardans of the sheep and goats) accompaned
Choe, and scentng about wth ther usua sagacty, ds-
covered Dorco, who was n the act of movng. Ta ng hm
for a wof they burst nto fu cry, rushed upon hm, and
sezng hm before he coud recover from hs astonshment,
f ed ther teeth n the s n. Ths coverng for a tme
protected hm, and the shame of a dscovery operated so
strongy that he ay uet n the thc et but when Choe,
n her aarm at the frst onset of the dogs, had caed
Daphns to her ad, and when the s n was torn off by hs
assaants, so that they at ength sezed hs fesh, he bawed
out, entreatng the assstance of the maden and of Daphns,
who had now arrved at the spot. The dogs were easy ap-
peased by the we- nown voces of ther master and ms-
tress, who too Dorco and conveyed hm to the sprng
(soundy btten n the thghs and shouders), where they
washed hs wounds, and chewng some fresh em bar spread
t as a save. nnocent themseves, and totay gnorant
of the desperate enterprzes of overs, they magned that
Dorco s dsguse was a mere pece of rustc sport, and, so
far from beng angry wth hm, they dd ther best to
comfort hm, ed hm by the hand, part of the way home
and bade hm farewe.
Dorco, after hs narrow escape from the dog s, and not
(accordng to the od adage) from the wofs mouth, retred
home to nurse hs wounds. Daphns and Choe had great
troube durng the remander of the day n coectng ther
sheep and goats, whch, terrfed at the sght of the wof,
and by the bar ng of the dogs, had fed n dfferent
drectons: some had cmbed the roc s, others had run
down to the shore. They had, ndeed, been nstructed
odora canum vs. rg. -33n. v. 132.
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278 D P D C .
to obey ther master s ca n any aarm the ppe was
usuay suffcent to soothe them, and f they were scat-
tered, a cappng of the hands woud coect them but
the ate sudden aarm had made them forget ther former
dscpne, so that Daphns and Choe were compeed to
trac them, as they do hares and wth much dffcuty and
troube they brought them bac to ther cottages. That nght
ony the young man and maden en oyed sound seep, ther
fatgue furnshng a remedy for the pans of ove. ut
wth the mornng ther usua sensatons returned. hen
they met, they re oced when they parted, they were
sad. They pned wth gref. They wshed for a somethng,
but they new not what. Ths ony they were aware of,
that the one had ost peace of mnd by a ss, the other by
a bath.
The season, moreover, added fue to ther fre t was now
the end of sprng the summer had begun, and a thngs
were n the heght of ther beauty. The trees were covered
wth frut the feds wth corn. Charmng was the chrp
of the grasshoppers sweet was the sme of the frut and
the beatng of the foc s was deghtfu. Tou mght fancy
the rvers t to be sngng, as they genty fowed aong, the
wnds to be ppng, as they breathed through the pnes
.and the appes to be fang to the ground, sc of ove
and that the sun, fond of gazng upon natura beauty, was
forcng every one to throw off ther garments. Daphns
ush d by the sprt of the gena year,
ow from the vrgn s chee s, a fresher boom
hoots, ess and ess, the ve carnaton round
er ps bush deeper sweets she breathes of youth
The shnng mosture swes nto her yes
n brghter fow her wshng bosom heaves
th paptaton wd nd tumuts seze
er vens, and a her yedng sou s ove.
rom the een gaze her over turns away
u of the dear ecstatc power, and sc
th sghng angushment. Thomson.
nose e that of a hdden broo
n the eafy month of une,
That to the seepng woods a nght
ngeth a uet tune. Coerdge.
u v r ro -ty vptofa. a a tTTv aTro t, rr va,
Tror rae rayaat ft adtTa. Thfoc. dy, . 1.
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D P D C . 27
fet a the warmth of the season, and punged nto the
rvers sometmes he ony hathed hmsef sometmes he
amused hmsef wth pursung the fsh, whch darted n
crces around hm and sometmes he dran of the stream,
as f to e tngush the fame whch he fet wthn. Choe,
when she had m ed the goats and the sheep, had great
dffcuty n settng her cream, for the fes were very
troubesome, and f drven away, they woud bte her
after her wor was done, she washed her face, crowned
hersef wth a garand of pne-eaves, put on her grde of
fawn-s n, and fed a pa wth wne and m as a beverage
for hersef and Daphna. s md-day heat came on, the
eyes of both were fascnated she, behodng the na ed
and fautess fgure of Daphns, was ready to met wth
ove Daphns, on the other hand, behodng Choe n her
fawn-s n grde and wth the garand of pne-eaves on
her head, hodng out the m -pa to hm, fanced he behed
one of the ymphs of the Grot, and ta ng the garand
from her head, he paced t on hs own, frst coverng t
wth sses whe she, after often ssng t, put on hs
dress, whch he had strpped of n order to bathe. ome-
tmes they began n sport to pet each other wth appes, -
and amused themseves wth adornng each other s har,
carefuy dvdng t. he compared the bac har of
Daphns to myrte-berres whe he ened her chee s to -
appes,t because the whte was suffused wth red. e then
taught her to pay on the ppe when she began to breathe
nto t, he snatched t from her, ran over the reeds wth hs
own ps, and under pretence of correctng her msta es,
he n fact ssed her through the medum of hs ppe.
he he was thus payng n the heat of the noon-day,
favourte amusement wth overs:
Mao me Gaatea pett, ascva puea. rg. c. . 4.
r n a pd otfft rov o o ov tafara. / -
Theoc. dy v. 8 .
er chee s so rare a whte was on,
o dasy ma es comparson,
( ho sees them s undone)
or strea s of red are mnged there,
uch as are on a Cath rne pear,
(The sde that s ne t the sun). uc ng.
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280 D P D C .
and ther foc s around them were reposng n the shade,
Choe mperceptby fe aseep. Daphns ad down hs
ppe, and whe gazng upon her whoe person wth nsa-
tabe eyes, there beng no one to nspre hm wth shame
he thus murmured, drectng hs words to her: hat
eyes are those, whch are now cosed n seep what a
mouth s that, whch breathes so sweety no appes, no
thc ets, e hae so decous a scent h but fear to ss
her a ss consumes me, and e new honey, maddens
me besdes, a ss woud wa e her pague upon those
chrpng grasshoppers, ther shr notes w dsturb my
Choe those ve atous goats, too, are cashng ther horns
together surey the woves are grown more cowardy than
fo es, that they do not come and seze them
s he was thus soo uzng, he was nterrupted by a
grasshopper, whch n sprngng from a swaow whch pur-
sued t, fe nto Choe s bosom. The swaow was unabe
to ta e ts prey, but hovered over Choe s chee and touched
t wth ts wngs. The maden screamed and started but
seeng the swaow st futterng near her, and Daphns
aughng at her aarm, her fear vanshed, and she rubbed
her eyes, whch were st dsposed to seep. The grass-
hopper chrped from her bosom, as f n grattude for hs
deverance. t the sound Choe screamed agan at whch
Daphns aughed, and avang hmsef of the opportunty,
put hs hand nto her bosom and drew the happy chrper
from ts pace, whch dd not cease ts note even when n hs
hand Choe was peased at seeng the nnocent cause of
her aarm, ssed t, and repaced t, st sngng, n her
bosom.
t ths moment they were deghted wth stenng to a
rng-dove n the neghbourng wood, and upon Choe s
n urng what the brd meant by ts note, Daphns tod her
the egend, whch was commony current: There was a
maden, my ove, who, e yoursef, was beautfu e
yoursef, she tended arge herds of catte and, e yoursef,
she was n the fower of youth. he sang sweety so
enophon ( nab. v. 8,20), gves an account of the Gree s n ther
retreat eatng new honey they were for a tme, he says, frantc, were
sezed wth vomtng and purgng, and were unabe to stand upon
ther feet some ded from ts effects.
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D P D C 10 . 281
sweety, that the herds were deghted wth her song, and
needed nether the croo nor the goad to manage them
they obeyed her voce and remanng near stened to the
mad, as she sat under the shade of the pne crowned wth
a garand of ts eaves, and sngng the prases of Pan,
and the nymph Ptys. youth, who pastured hs herds at
a tte dstance, and who was handsome, and fond as hersef
of meody, ved wth her n sngng as he was a man, hs
tones were deeper, but as he was young, they were very
sweet. e sang, and charmed away eght of her best cows
to hs own pastures. The maden was mortfed at the oss
of her catte, and at beng so much surpassed n song and,
n her despar, prayed the gods to convert her nto a brd
before she reached her home. The gods assented to her
prayer, and metamorphosed her nto a brd under whch
form, as of od, she fre uents the mountans, and deghts n
warbng. er note bespea s her msfortune, for she s
cang her wanderng cows. /
uch were the deghts of summer. utumn was now advanced, and the bac grapes were rpenng when some
prates of Tyre, n a ght Caran bar ,f that they mght
not appear to be foregners, touched at that coast and came
on shore, armed wth coats of ma and swords, and pun-
dered everythng whch fe n ther way. They carred off
fragrant wne, corn n great penty, honey n the comb.
They aso drove off some of Dorco s o en, and sezed
Daphns, who was musng n a meanchoy mood, and ram-
bng aone by the sea-shore. or Choe beng but young,
was afrad of the nsuts of some of the saucy shepherds, and
therefore had not ed out her foc so eary from the fod
of Dryas. hen the prates saw ths stout and handsome
youth, who, they new, woud be a prze of greater vaue
Pan
Pnea semfer capts veamna uassans. ucret. v. 8 .
Pan fe n ove wth the nymph Ptys hs rva oreas bew the
nymph from a roc and ed her. Pan, unabe to save, changed her
nto a pne tree t tv .
r)fo a, a ght vesse wth one and a haf ban s of oars.
t ovo av o r/ac, ether fne od wne, or wne scented wth the
uces of fowers. ee a note of Coo esey on rst. Put. 788 aso
a passage n en. e. v. 11. .
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282 D P D C .
than the punder of the feds, they too no more troube
about the goats, not dd they proceed farther, but carred
off the unuc y Daphns to ther vesse, weepng as he was
hurred aong, at a oss what to do, and cang oudy upon
Choe. hen they had put hm on board, they spped
ther cabe, and rowed from the shore. Choe, n the mean
tme, who was st drvng her foc , and carryng n her
hand a new ppe as a present for Daphns, when she saw
the goats runnng about n confuson, and heard Daphns
cang out to her every moment n a ouder voce, utted
her sheep, threw down the ppe, and ran to Dorco beseech-
ng hm to assst her. e had been severey wounded by
the prates, and was yng upon the ground st breathng,
the bood fowng from hm n streams. t the sght of
Choe, revvng a tte owng to the force of hs former ove,
he e camed, sha shorty be no more, dear Choe
fought n defence of my o en, and some of the rascay
prates have beaten me as they woud have done an o .
ave your beoved Daphns, revenge me, and destroy them.
have taught my cows to foow the sound of ths ppe, and
to obey ts meody, even f they be feedng at the greatest
dstance. Ta e ths ppe breathe n t those notes, n
whch once nstructed Daphns, and n whch Daphns
nstructed you. Do ths, and eave the ssue to the ppe and
the cows. Moreover ma e you a present of the ppe
wth t have obtaned the prze from many a shepherd and
many a herdsman. n return gve me but one ss, whe
yet ve and when am dead, shed a tear over me: and
when you see another tendng my foc s, remember Dorco.
ere he ceased, gave her a ast ss, and wth the ss
resgned hs breath. Choe put the ppe to her ps, and
bew wth a her mght. The cows began to ow at hearng
the we- nown note, and eaped a at once nto the sea.
s they a punged from the same sde, and caused
a mghty chasm n the waters the vesse urched, the
waves cosed over t, and t san . The crew and Daphns
fe nto the sea, but they had not e ua chances for preser-
vaton. The prates were encumbered wth ther swords,
scaed breast-pates, and greaves reachng to md-eg:
whereas Daphns, who had been feedng hs foc s n the
pans, had not even hs sandas on and the weather beng
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D P D C . 283
st very warm, he was haf-na ed. swam for a tte
tme, but ther armour soon sun the foregners to the
bottom. Daphns easy threw off the garments whch
remaned to encumber hm, but, accustomed to swm ony
n rvers, buoyed hmsef up wth great dffcuty: at ength,
taught by necessty, he struc forward between two of the
cows, grasped a horn of each of them, and was carred aong
as securey and as easy, as f he had been rdng n hs
own wan. en, be t observed, are better swmmers than
men, or ndeed than any anmas, e cept a uatc brds and
fsh, nor are they n any danger of drownng uness ther
hoofs become softened by the water. The fact of many
paces beng st caed -fords w bear out the truth
of my asserton.
Thus was Daphns devered from two pers from the
prates and from shpwrec , and n a manner beyond a
e pectaton. hen he reached the shore, he found Choe
smng through her tears: he fe on her bosom, and n-
ured, what had ed her to pay that partcuar tune. he
reated everythng whch had occurred her runnng to
Dorco the habt of hs cows hs orderng her to ppe that
tune, and fnay hs death, but through a feeng of shame
she sad nothng of the ss.
They now determned to pay the ast honours to ther
benefactor accordngy they came wth the neghbours and
reatves of the deceased, and bured hm. They then threw
up over hs grave a arge pe of earth, and panted about t
varous trees, and suspended over tt the embems of ther
cang n addton to whch they poured batons of m
and of uce e pressed from the grapes, and bro e many
pastora ppes. Mournfu owngs of the catte were heard,
accompaned wth unwonted and dsordery movements,
whch the shepherds beeved to be amentatons and
n the P. . of schyus, 1. 732, Prometheus tes o
ffra vr rog oa yog /tyac
Tr t cr roptag, off7ropof hvvpog
The true etymoogy however s to be found n the sgnfcaton of /3o c
and C7r7r C whch n composton means sze.
ee ch. 2.
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284 D P T C .
to ens of sorrow on the part of the herd for ther departed
herdsman.
fter the funera of Dorco, Choe ed Daphns to the
grotto of the ymphs, where she washed hm and then, for
the frst tme n hs presence, bathed her own person, far
and radant wth beauty, and needng no bath to set off ts
comeness. Then, after gatherng the fowers whch the
season afforded, they crowned the statues wth garands,
and suspended Dorco s ppe as a votve offerng to the
ymphs. avng done ths they returned to oo for ther
foc s, whch they found yng on the ground nether feedng
nor beatng, but oo ng about, as f watng n suspense
for ther re-appearance. hen they came n vew of them,
and caed to them n ther usua manner, and sounded ther
ppes, the sheep got up, and began to feed, whe the goats
s pped about, and beated as f e utng at the safety of
ther herdsman. ut Daphns coud not attune hs sou
to oy after seeng Choe na ed, and her formery con-
ceaed beautes unveed, he fet an nward pan as though
preyed upon by poson. s breath went and came as
though he were fyng from some pursuer and then t faed,
as though he were e hausted wth runnng. Choe had come
from the bath wth redoubed charms, and the bath was
thus more fata to Daphns than the ocean. s for hm-
sef, he attrbuted hs feengs to beng, n fancy, st
among the theves, rustc as he was, and as yet gnorant of
the thevsh trc s of ove.
p vog r v fouv r fov o ).
Theocrtus n dy. . 74, represents the herds as mournng then-
master s death
o a o rap rooa /3dtf, ttoMo h rt ravpo
o a a cafa a a ffoprg vpavro
rapa rof r arae . . . . r purot r arr pwv
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t was now the mdde of autumn: the vntage was
at hand, and every one was busy n the feds. nef pre-
pared the wne-presses, another ceansed the cas s, and
another twsted the osers nto bas ets. ach had a sepa-
rate empoy n provdng short prunng hoo s, to cut the
grapes or a heavy stone, to pound them or dry vne
branches, prevousy we brused, to serve as torches, so
that the must mght be carred away at nght.
Daphns and Choe negected for a tme ther foc s and
mutuay asssted one another. e carred the custers n
bas ets, threw them nto the wne-presses, trod them, and
drew off the wne nto cas s she prepared ther meas for
the grape-gatherers, brought od wne for ther drn , and
puc ed off the owest bunches. ndeed, a the vnes n
esbos were of owy growth, and nstead of shootng up-
wards, or twnng around trees, they spread ther branches
e nnocents pocua esb
Duces sub umbr . nee emee ua
Cum Marte confundet Thyoneus
Proea. or. 1. d. v. 21.
The esban wne woud seem to have possessed a decous
favour for t s sad to have deserved the name of mbrosa rather
than of wne, and to have been e nectar when od. n thenaeus ths wne s caed ovagov, vnvvm, the tte wne, to whch
acchus gave ar av, an nnocence and mmunty from drun enness.
orace terms the esban an nnocent or unnto catng wne but t
was the prevang opnon among the ancents, that a sweet wnes
were ess n urous to the head, and ess apt to cause nto caton, than
strong dry wnes. y Pny, however, the growths of Chos and
Thasos are paced before the esban, whch he affrms had naturay a
satsh taste. enderson s st. of ncent and Modern nes, p. 77.
hen the grapes were rpe, (arapv r ) the bunches were gathered,
any whch remaned unrpe (ofupa ) were carefuy removed, and the
rest carred from the vneyard n deep bas ets (app o) to be poured
nto a vat ( voc) n whch they were trodden by men, who had the
ower part of ther bodes na ed, e cept that they wore drawers.
hen suffcenty trodden, the grapes were sub ected to the more
powerfu pressure of a thc and heavy beam (for whch f oc, n
ongus, seems the substtute), for the purpose of obtanng a the
uce yet remanng n them. ne branches were very fre uenty
empoyed as torches. de choast on rstoph. ys. 2 1.
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28 D P D C .
downwards, whch traed aong, e vy, so cose to the
ground, that even an nfant mght reach the frut.
The women, who, accordng to the custom at ths festva
of acchus, and brth of the vne, were caed from the
neghbourng vages to end ther assstance, a cast ther
eyes upon Daphns, and e camed that he was e ua n
beauty to acchus hmsef. ne of the most forward of
these wenches gave hm a ss, whch nfamed Daphns, but
sady greved poor Choe.
n the other hand, the men who were treadng the wne-
press nduged n a manner of ests about Choe, they
danced round her as furousy as so many acchanas round
a acchante, and e camed that they woud gady become
sheep to be fed by her hand. These compments deghted
Choe, but tormented poor Daphns.
ach of them wshed the vntage over, that they mght
return to ther usua haunts, and nstead of ths dscordant
dn mght hear the sound of ther ppe, and the beatng of
ther sheep. n a few days the vnes were strpt, the
cas s were fed, there was no onger any need of more
hands, they therefore drove ther foc s to the pan. n
the frst pace, wth sncere deght they went to pay ther
adoraton to the ymphs, and carred vne-branches wth
custers of grapes on them, as frst-frut offerngs from the
vntage. ndeed, they never had htherto passed by the
Grotto wthout some to en of respect, but aways sauted
them as they passed by wth ther foc s to ther mornng
pasture, and when they returned n the evenng, they pad
ther adoraton, and presented, as an offerng, ether a
fower, or some frut, or a green eaf, or a baton of m .
Ths pety, as we sha see, had n the end ts due reward.
t the tme we spea of, e young hounds ust et oose,
they eaped about, they pped, they sang, and wrested and
payed wth ther goats and sheep.
he thus sportng and en oyng themseves, an od man,
cothed n a coarse coat of s n, wth shoes of undressed
eather on hs feet, and wth a waet (whch, by the by, was
a very od one) at hs bac , came up, seated hmsef near
them, and addressed them as foows:
who now address you, my chdren, am Phetas.
have often sung the prases of the ymphs f yonder
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n P D C . 287
Grotto have often pped n honour of Pan, and have
guded my numerous herd by the musc of my voce.
come to ac uant you wth what have seen and heard.
have a garden whch cutvate wth my own hands,
and n whch have aways wor ed, snce became too
od to tend my herds. n t s every producton of the
dfferent seasons n sprng t abounds wth roses, es,
hyacnths, and ether nd of voets n summer wth
poppes, pears, and appes of every sort and now n autumn,
wth grapes, fgs, pomegranates, and green myrtes.
varety of brds fy nto t every mornng, some n search
of food, and some to warbe n the shade for the over-
archng boughs afford thc shade, and three fountans
water the coo retreat. ere t not ncosed wth a wa,
t mght be ta en for a natura wood. s entered t to-
day, about noon, esped a tte boy under my pomegra-
nates and myrtes, some of whch he had gathered and was
hodng them n hs hands. s compe on was whte as
m , hs har a brght yeow, and he shone as f he had ust
been bathng. e was na ed and aone, and amused hm-
sef wth puc ng the frut wth as much freedom as f t
had been hs own garden. pprehensve that n hs
wantonness he woud commt more mschef and brea my
pants, sprang forward to seze hm, but the urchn ghty
and easy escaped from me, sometmes runnng under rose-
trees, and sometmes hdng hmsef e a young partrdge
under the poppes.
have fre uenty been fatgued wth catchng my suc -
ng ds, or my new-dropt caves but as to ths mschevous
creature, n perpetua moton, t was uttery mpossbe to
ay hod of hm. d as am was soon weary wth the
pursut so, eanng on my staff for support, and eepng
my eyes on hm est he shoud escape, as ed hm to
what neghbour he beonged, and what he meant by gather-
ng what grew n another person s garden.
e made no repy, but approachng very near me, smed
sweety n my face, and peted me wth myrte-berres,
and ( now not how) so won upon me, that my anger was
Compare the descrpton of the garden n ches Tatus, 1. 1 ,
and that of rg s sene Corycus. G. v, 12 14 .
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288 D P D C .
appeased. ntreated hm to come cose to me, and
assured hm that he need not be afrad, swearng by the
myrtes, by the appes, and by the pomegranates of my
garden, that wshed ony to gve hm one ss, for whch
he shoud ever afterwards have berty to gather as much
frut, and to puc as many fowers as he peased.
Upon hearng me thus address hm, he burst nto a
merry augh, and wth a voce sweeter than that of the
swaow or the nghtngae, or of the swan when grown
aged e mysef, he reped: grudge you not a ss,
Phetas, for have more peasure n beng ssed, than
you woud have n growng young agan but consder
whether the gft woud sut your tme of fe for, od as you
are, one ss woud not satsfy you, nor prevent you from
runnng after me, whe f even a haw , an eage, or any
other swfter brd, were to pursue me, t woud pursue n
van. am not the chd whch appear to be but am
oder than atubn, ay, oder than Tme hmsef. new
you we, Phetas, when you were n the fower of your
youth, and when you tended your wdey-scattered foc n
yonder marsh. was near you, when you sat beneath those
beech-trees, and were woong your marys: was cose
to the maden, but you coud not dscern me. gave her
to you, and some fne boys, who are now e ceent husband-
men and herdsmen, are the pedges of your ove. t ths
present tme am tendng Daphns and Choe e a shep-
herd and when have brought them together n the
mornng, retre to your garden: here dsport mysef
among your fowers and pants, and here bathe n your
fountan. Through me t s that your fowers and shrubs
are so beauteous, for the waters, whch have bathed me,
refresh them. oo now, f any of your pants be bro en
down see, f any of your frut be puc ed e amne
whether the sta of any fower be crushed or the cearness
of any one of your fountans be dsturbed and re oce
that you aone, n your od age, have had the prvege of
behodng the boy who s now before you. th these
words he sprang e the youngng of a nghtngae among
the myrtes, and cmbng from bough to bough ascended
through the foage to the summt of the tree. observed
wngs upon hs shouders, and between them a tny bow
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D P D C . 28
and arrows but n a moment coud nether see hm nor
them. Uness have grown grey n van, uness have
got nto my dotage n growng od, you may rey on me,
when assure you, that you are consecrate to ove, and
that you are under hs pecuar care.
Daphns and Choe were deghted, but they regarded what
they had heard as an amusng story rather than a sober
fact and n ured of Phetas who and what ths ove coud
be whether he were a boy or a brd and of what powers he was possessed My young frends, sad Phetas,
he s a god, young, beautfu, and ever on the wng. e
re oces, therefore, n the company of youth, he s ever n
search of beauty, and adds wngs to the sous of those he
favours. e has power far beyond that of ove hmsef.
e commands the eements, he rues the stars, and even
the gods themseves, who are otherwse hs e uas t your
power over your foc s s nothng compared to hs.
these fowers are the wor s of ove: these pants are effects
produced by hm. Through hm these rvers fow, and these
zephyrs breathe. have seen a bu smtten by hs power,
who beowed as though breeze-stung. have seen the goat
enamoured of the femae, and foowng her everywhere.
mysef was once young, fet hs nfuence, oved ma-
rs. thought not of my food, cared not for my drn
coud ta e no rest, for seep was banshed from my eye-
ds. My sou was sad my heart beat uc my mbs
fet a deady ch. ow cred aoud, as f had been
beaten now was as sent as f were dead and now
ove s herads shoud be thoughts,
hch ten tmes taster gde than the sun-beams.
omeo and uet.
ov ap t fptpog ovpavov a yr t, a a arrg.
ches Tatus.
t hs sght the sun hath turned
eptune on the waters burned
e hath fet a greater heat
ove hmsef forsoo hs seat:
rom the centre to the s y
re hs trophes reared hgh.
en onson, ue and Cry after Cupd.
ee aso the fne chorus n the ntgone, 781 7 0.
The power of ove over the brute creaton. rg. G. . 211 2 7.

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2 0 D P D C .
punged nto the rvers, as f to e tngush the fame
whch consumed me. nvo ed Pan to assst me, nasmuch
as he had nown what t was to ove hs Ptys. poured
forth prases to the ymph cho for repeatng the name
of my marys: n anger bro e my ppe because t coud
soothe my herds, but coud not preva over marys for
there s no mghty magc aganst ove no medcne, whether
n food or drn : nothng, n short, save sses and em-
braces, and the cosest unon of the na ed body.
Phetas, havng gven them ths nformaton, bade them
farewe but before permttng hm to depart, they presented
hm wth a cheese, and a d wth newy buddng horns.
Daphns and Choe, eft to themseves, mused n sence
upon the name of ove, whch they had now heard for
the frst tme. orrow seemed to have stupfed them, t
at nght, as they returned home, they began to compare
ther own sensatons wth what they had heard from
Phetas.
ccordng to Phetas, overs are sad so are we they
negect ther cang so do we they cannot seep no
more can we. fre appears to burn wthn them
we fee ths fre they ong for the sght of one another
we, too, are aways wshng for the day to dawn. ur
dsorder must be ove, and we have oved each other wth-
out beng aware of t. f ths be not ove, and f we
be not mutuay overs, why are we thus sad why do we
so eagery see each other that Phetas has tod us
s true. The boy, whom he saw n the garden, s the same
who appeared to our parents n the dream, and commanded
that we shoud foow the pastora fe. ow s t possbe
to catch the urchn e s tte and w escape from us.
t the same tme, who can escape from hm e has
wngs, and w pursue us. e must away to the ymphs
and mpore ther assstance. nd yet Pan coud not assst
Phetas when n ove wth marys. e must see the
remedes whch the od man suggested sses and em-
braces, and yng na ed upon the grass we sha fee t
very cod, but we w bear what Phetas has borne before
us. Thus were ther thoughts empoyed durng the nght.
r fa, a 7rtp/ o ), a ow/ ora dr va. yvfvog awfao.
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D P D C .
The ne t mornng, after drvng ther foc s to pasture,
they for the frst tme ssed each other upon meetng, and
afterwards mutuay embraced.
The thrd remedy they were afrad of the yng na ed
upon the grass appeared too bod a step for a maden, nay,
even for a youthfu goatherd. gan, therefore, they passed
a seepess nght, cang to mnd what they had done,
regrettng what they had omtted. e ssed, sad
they, and are none the better we embraced, and have
found no reef. Ths yng sde by sde must needs be the
soe remedy for ove: assuredy t w prove more effca-
cous than the ss and the embrace. s mght have been
e pected, ther dreams were a n to ther day thoughts.
n seep they ssed and they embraced n seep they dd
that whch they had omtted to do durng the day. e t
mornng they arose more than ever nfamed wth passon,
and hssed aong ther foc s, a the whe n antcpaton of
the ss. They came n sght of one another, ther faces
mutuay beamng wth deght. gan there was repeated
the ss and the embrace the remanng remedy was st
untred, Daphns beng unwng to propose t, and Choe
feeng the e hestaton. Chance came to ther ad. They
were sttng besde each other upon the trun of a tree:
havng once tasted the u ury of a ss, they were nsatabe
of ts deght they entwned one another n ther arms,
and so drew ther bodes nto coser contact. Daphns, n
the course of ths embrace, stranng Choe more tghty
to hs bosom, she fas upon her sde, and he fas wth
her, and thus actng out the mage of ther dreams, they
ong ay oc ed n each other s arms. Ther nnocence
new nothng beyond ths they magned that ove had
nothng farther to bestow so after frutessy passng the
greater porton of the day n ths manner, they separated,
and drove home ther foc s, oathng the approach of nght.
They mght, perhaps, on a future occason have become
greater adepts n the mysteres of ove, had not the fo-
owng crcumstance spread tumut and confuson through-
out ther neghbourhood.
o C o y po 0 7rpof opof rp r rova fr a.
dys. . 31 . Then hssng them aong he drove hs foc s. Cowper.
v 2
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2 2 D D .
ome rch young men of Methymna, who had formed
a peasure party for passng the vntage-season out of town,
aunched a sma vesse, empoyng ther servants as rowers,
and shaped ther course towards the feds of Mtyene,
whch e near the sea-coast. They new that there was
an e ceent harbour for them, wth every thng adapted
for ther accommodaton, as the shore was adorned wth
handsome houses, wth baths, wth gardens, and wth
groves, some of whch were the productons of nature, and
some of art.
ere the party arrved, and drew ther boat nto a safe
pace, after whch they commtted no acts of mschef, but
amused themseves n varous ways, wth rod and ne
angng for roc -fsh, whch were found under the dfferent
promontores, or huntng the hares, whch, terrfed by the
nose of the grape gatherers, had fed towards the shore,
and capturng them by means of dogs and nets. Part of
ther amusement aso was to set snares for brds: many
wd duc s, wd geese and bustards were caught, so that
ther sport supped ther tabe n a great measure and
whatever addton they wanted was easy procured from
the abourers n the feds, who were pad more than ts
worth for everythng whch they supped. Ther chef
nconvenence was want of bread and wne, and a good
odgng at nght for as t was ate n the autumn, they dd
not thn t safe to seep on board ther boat, but n appre-
henson of storms, usua at ths season, were wont to
draw t up on shore.
t so happened that a countryman had bro en the od
rope to whch the stone was suspended for crushng hs
grapes after they had been trodden n the wne-press, and
beng n want of another to suppy ts pace, had come
candestney down to the sea-shore, and ta ng the cabe
from the boat, whch was eft wthout any one to-watch t,
had uety conveyed t home to suppy hs need. The young
Methymnseans, n the mornng, made n ures after ther
rope but as no one confessed the theft, after ventng ther
reproaches on ths breach of hosptaty, they aunched
ther boat, and eft that part of the coast. fter sang
rather more than a eague, they anded on the estate where
Daphns and Choe dwet. t appeared to them to be a
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D P D C . 2 3
good country for hare-huntng. avng no rope to serve
as a cabe, they twsted some vne-branches as a subst-
tute, and ted the head of ther boat to the shore: then
et oose the dogs to scent about n the paces most
ey for game, and f ed ther nets. The cry of the
hounds, runnng hther and thther, frghtened the goats,
whch fed from the mountans down to the sea-shore, where
some of the bodest of the foc , fndng no food upon the
coast, approached the boat and gnawed the branches whch
were fastened as a cabe.
t the same moment a swe set n, owng to the breezes
bowng from the mountans. The moton of the waves
began to carry off the boat, and, at ength, bore t out to sea.
The Methymnasans saw the accdent: some of them ran
n great haste down to the shore: others hastened to ca the
dogs together: and a of them cred out for assstance, n
hopes of assembng the abourers from the neghbourng
feds. t was a of no ava, for the wnd ncreased, and
the boat was drven down the current. hen the Methym naeans found themseves thus deprved of t, and of the con-
sderabe property whch t contaned, they n ured for the
goat-herd, and fndng hm to be Daphns, they beat hm
severey and strpped hm. ne of them too a dog-eash,
and bendng Daphns arms behnd hs bac , was preparng
to bnd hm. Poor Daphns, smartng wth hs beatng, roared
out for assstance: he caed upon a hs neghbours, but upon
amon and Dryas n partcuar. The od men too hs part
stouty: the tos of husbandry had made them hard handed
they demanded that an n ury shoud be made agreeaby to
the rues of ustce. The neghbours, who had now reached
the spot, bac ed them n ther demand, and apponted Phe-
tas umpre n the busness. e was the odest man present,
and was ceebrated among the vagers for the e uty of
hs decsons. The charge of the Methymnaeans was made
pany and wth concseness sutabe to the rustc udge
before whom they peaded. e came here, sad they,
to hunt, and fastened our bost to the shore wth some
vne-branches, whe we roamed about wth our dogs n
search of game. n the meantme, ths young man s goats
came down to the coast and ate the fastenng of our
boat, whch has proved the oss of t. Tou yoursef,
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2 4 D P D .
saw t drven out to sea, and what vauabes thn you t had on board hy, store of cothes and of dog-gear,
and of money money enough to have purchased a these
feds around us. n return for what we have ost, we have
surey a rght to carry off ths heedess goatherd, who,
saor-fashon, chooses to pasture hs goats on the sea-
coast.
Ths was what the Methymnsans aeged. Daphns was
n sore pght from the bows whch he had receved but
seeng Choe among the crowd, he rose superor to hs pan,
and spo e as foows :
am, and aways have been very carefu of my herds.
hat neghbour can say that a goat of mne ever browsed
upon hs garden, or devoured any of hs sproutng vnes
t s these sportsmen who are themseves to bame, for hav-
ng dogs so bady bro en as to run wdy about ma ng
such a bar ng, and e so many woves drvng my sheep
from h and dae down to the sea. The poor brutes eat the
vne branches no wonder, for they coud fnd no grass, nor
shrubs, nor thyme upon the sands. The sea and the wnds
destroyed the boat et the storm bear the bame and not
my goats. They say, that they had eft ther cothes and
money on board: who, n hs senses, can beeve that a
boat freghted wth so much weath, was ntrusted to a vne
branch for ts cabe
Daphns sad no more, but burst nto tears, whch moved
a hs countrymen wth compasson. Phetas, the udge,
swore by Pan and the ymphs, that nether Daphns nor
hs goats were n faut that ony the sea and the wnds
coud be accused, and that they were not under hs ursdc-
ton. Ths decson had no effect on the Methymnseana,
who few nto a rage, and sezng Daphns, were preparng
to bnd hm. The vagers rrtated at such behavour, fe
upon them as thc as starngs or roo s, and rescued Daph-
ns, who now began to fght n hs own defence. n a very
short tme the Mtyenaeans, by dnt of ther cubs, put the
strangers to fght, and dd not desst from the pursut, t
they had drven them nto a dfferent uarter of the sand.
he they were engaged n the pursut, Choe ed Daph-
ns genty by the hand to the grotto of the ymphs there
she washed the bood from hs face and nostrs, and ta ng
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D P D C . 2
a sce of bread and cheese from her scrp, gave t hm to eat.
fter she had thus refreshed hm, she mpressed a honeyed
ss wth her tender ps.
o near was Daphns gettng nto serous troube but the
affar dd not end here. The Methymnseans reached ther
own cty wth much pan and dffcuty for nstead of sa-
ng they had to trave on foot, and nstead of every u ury,
and convenence, they had nothng but bruses and wounds
for ther comfort. mmedatey upon ther arrva at home,
they caed an assemby of ther feow townsmen, and n-
treated them to ta e up arms to avenge ther cause, whch
they represented n ther own way, atogether conceang
the rea truth of the matter, for fear of beng aughed at for
havng been so soundy beaten by a few shepherds. They
accused the peope of Mtyene of havng sezed ther boat,
as f t beonged to an enemy, and of punderng t of a ts
contents. Ther wounds, whch they e hbted, ganed
them beef among ther countrymen, who resoved to avenge
the cause of the young men, and more partcuary as
they beonged to the frst fames n the pace. ccord-
ngy they resoved to begn the war wthout the usua forms
of procamaton, and ordered ther nava commander to
aunch ten vesses mmedatey, and ravage the coasts of the
enemy. s the wnter was comng on they dd not thn t
safe to hazard a arger feet.
ary the very ne t day he put to sea and empoyng hs
soders as rowers, steered hs course to the shores of Mty-
ene. ere he sezed numbers of catte, a great uantty of
corn and wne, (the vntage beng atey ended,) together
wth the abourers who were st at wor there. Thus
punderng as they went, they anded at ast on the estate
where Daphns and Choe resded, and carred off whatever
came to hand. Daphns was not then tendng hs goats,
but had gone to the wood, to cut green branches for the
wnter fodder of hs ds. oo ng down from the woods,
he saw these ravages and mmedatey hd hmsef n the
hoow of a decayed beech tree. Choe happened to be wth
the foc s she fed n affrght to the grotto of the ymphs: and the nvaders pursued her. ere she ntreated them, f
they had any respect to the detes of the pace, to spare her
and her foc s but her prayers were of no ava: for the
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2 D P D C .
ravagers, after offerng many nsuts to the statues of the
goddesses, drove off the foc s, and hurred Choe aong wth
them, as f she had been one of her own goats or sheep,
str ng her ever and anon wth vne twgs.
Ther vesses beng now fed wth punder of a nds,
the Methymnaeans thought t advsabe not to prosecute
ther voyage farther, but to return home, more especay as
they were apprehensve of the wnter storms, and of an
attac from the nhabtants. ccordngy they put about
but, as there was no wnd, they had to abour at ther oars.
Daphns, (when a was uet) came down to the pan,
the usua pace for pasturng ther foc s, but not a goat, nor
a sheep was to be seen, nor was Choe hersef there: when
he saw the whoe pace deserted, and found Choe s ppe
thrown upon the ground, he burst nto oud and btter
amentatons: he ran to the beech tree, whch had been
ther usua seat, and then to the ocean, to try f he coud
descry her, he searched for her n the grotto, whther
she had fed, and whence she had been dragged away. ere,
at ast, he threw hmsef on the ground n despar, and e -
camed aganst the ymphs, as the deserters of hs Choe.
Choe has been torn away from you, ye ymphs, and
yet ye coud endure to see t she who has woven so many
garands for you, who has poured so many batons of new
m to you, and whose ppe s here suspended as an offerng
to you ever dd a wof carry off a snge goat of mne,
but marauders have now carred away a my foc , and ther
mstress wth them. My goats w be fayed, my sheep w
be sacrfced, and my Choe w henceforth be confned
wthn a cty how sha venture to return to my father
and mother wthout my goats, and wthout my Choe
, who sha appear a deserter of my charge have no
more foc s to tend, so here w e, t death ta e me,
or the enemy agan ay hod of me. h my Choe, do you
share n my sufferngs do you st remember these
pans, these ymphs and me or are you consoed by havng
the sheep and goats for your companons n captvty
Thus dd Daphns vent hs gref, t weary wth weepng
and amentng he fe nto a deep seep. he sumberng,
the three ymphs appeared to stand before hm they were
ta and beautfu, haf-na ed and wthout sandas ther har
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D P D C . 2 7
fowed oose over ther shouders, and ndeed n every
respect they resembed ther statues n the grotto. t frst
they shewed sgns of commseraton for Daphns, and,
presenty, the edest of them addressed hm n these con-
soatory words:
Do not accuse us, Daphns Choe s an ob ect of
deeper an ety to us, than she s even to yoursef. e had
compasson on her when she was an nfant when she was
e posed n ths grot, we adopted her and bred her up. he
s not amon s daughter, nor do amon s feds or herds n
any part beong to her. e have at ths tme been pro-
vdng for her safety, so that she sha not be ta en to
Methymne as a save, nor be numbered among the spos.
e have ntreated Pan, (whose statue stands beneath
yonder pne, and whom you have never honoured even wth
a bunch of fowers) to come forward as Choe s champon,
for he s more used to warfare than we are, and has often
utted hs rura groves to on n the dn of batte. e s
on Choe s sde, and he w be found no despcabe enemy
by the Methymnseans. e not uneasy then, nor perpe
yoursef arse, shew yoursef to amon and Myrtae, who
have thrown themseves on the earth n despar, under
the dea that you too are carred off by the enemy. To-
morrow Choe and her foc s sha return, when you sha
tend them together, and together sha pay upon your ppe.
eave your future fates to the care of ove.
fter these words and vson n hs dream, Daphns
sprang up, and, whe hs eyes were fed wth tears,
party of gref and party of oy, he pad hs adoratons to
the statues of the ymphs, and vowed, that upon Choe s
safe return he woud sacrfce a she-goat (the best of hs
herd) to the protectng goddesses. Then he hastened to
the pne, beneath whose shade stood the statue of Pan.
The egs of the rura god were those of the goat, and he
had a horned forehead n one hand he hed a ppe, wth
the other he grasped a goat, whch was n the atttude of
boundng. Daphns adored hs statue ewse, prayed n
behaf of Choe, and vowed to sacrfce a he-goat for her
safety. carcey coud he cease from hs tears and n-
treates by sun-set, when ta ng up the green fodder
whch he had been cuttng, he returned to hs home, where
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2 8 P 3 D C .
hs presence dspeed amon s gref and fed hm wth oy.
fter ta ng some refreshment he retred to rest but hs
seep was not even then wthout tears. n hs sumbers he
poured forth prayers to the ymphs to bess hm wth
another vson, and sghed for the return of day, when hs
Choe was to be restored. f a nghts ths appeared to
hm the ongest. Durng ts contnuance the foowng
events too pace:
hen the Methymnsean commander had rowed somewhat
more than a me, he wshed to afford hs men some rest,
weared as they were wth ther past e ertons. t ength
he esped a promontory, whch pro ected nto the sea n a
semcrcuar form, affordng a harbour more cam and secure
than even a reguar port. ere he anchored hs feet, eep-
ng hs vesses at a dstance from the shore, that they mght
not be e posed to any attac from the nhabtants, whe hs
men nduged themseves at ther ease and n a securty.
The crews havng penty of a manner of provson among
ther punder, eat and dran and gave themseves up to oy,
as f they had been ceebratng a festva for vctory. The
day was cosng and ther merrment was beng proonged
to nght, when suddeny a the earth appeared n a baze
and the dash of oars was heard, as f a mghty feet were
approachng. They caed upon ther commander to arm
hmsef: they shouted to each other some fanced that they
were wounded others that they saw the bodes of the san
before ther eyes. t appeared e a nght engagement
aganst an nvsbe enemy.
day of greater terror succeeded to the dar ness. The
goats beongng to Daphns, appeared wth branches fu of
vy berres on ther horns: the rams and ewes, whch had
been ta en wth Choe, nstead of beatng, howed e
woves. Ther mstress was seen to have a garand of pne-
eaves round her head. The sea aso had ts marves. The
p f3o rav /3ap/3apof f-ap

tv8vg of7rr g po a og vve 3o y
raoav a fr v /3py ou evfffarog
sch. Persse, 3 1.
or the good servce done by Pan to the thenans at Marathon, he
was rewarded wth a tempe. erod. v. 40 .
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D P D . 2
anchors stuc fast n the mud, and coud not be drawn up:
when the men dpped ther oars n order to row, they were
shattered n peces. The dophns eaped from the sea, and
wth ther tas bro e the pan s of the vesses. rom the
top of the roc behnd the promontory the sound of a ppe
was heard: but t dd not, e the ppe, deght the ear
wth ducet sounds, but terrfed e the harsh bast of a
trumpet. The men of Methymna were confounded they
sezed ther arms, and caed out to ther enemes who were
nvsbe they prayed for the return of nght, whch mght
brng a truce to ther terrors.
To a those who were capabe of refecton, t was evdent,
that these phantasms and sounds proceeded from Pan, who
must have conceved some cause of ndgnaton aganst them:
but what the cause coud be, they were at a oss to con ec-
ture, for they had not pundered any thng whch was sacred
to the god. bout the mdde of the day ther commander
(not wthout the nterventon of the god) fe nto a deep
seep, when Pan appeared to hm and addressed hm thus:
0 most abandoned, most mpous of men, to what
engths has your madness drven you The feds, whch are
dear to me, ye have fed wth the tumuts of war: the herds
and the foc s, whch were my pecuar care, ye have ta en
as punder. Te have dragged a vrgn from the atar, whom
Cupd had reserved n order to adorn a Tae of ove. Te
regarded not the ymphs, who behed your deeds, nor even
me the mghty Pan. ever sha ye reach Methymna,
sang wth these spos, nor sha yourseves escape the
terrors of the ppe whch has thus confounded you. Uness
ye mmedatey gve bac Choe to the ymphs, and restore
her goats and sheep, w submerge you and ye sha
become food for fshes. estr yourseves, therefore, and
both her and them, w gude your course by sea, and her s
by and.
rya s (for such was the commander s name) awo e from
hs dream, and mmedatey ordered the captan of every
vesse to search among hs prsoners for Choe. They soon
found her, for she was sttng st crowned wth pne-eaves,
and brought her before hm. rya s regarded the orna-
ment on her head as a proof and confrmaton of what he
had seen n the vson, and wthout deay too her on board
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300 D P D C 10 .
hs own vesse, and conveyed her safe to the shore. o
sooner had she anded than the sound of the ppe was agan
heard from the roc : but t was no onger dreadfu e the
bast of the war trumpet: on the contrary t was sweet and
pastora n tone, as when the shepherd s eadng out hs
foc to feed. The sheep ran down the gangway ,f wthout
ther horny hoofs sppng. The goats, used to steep paces,
proceeded st more venturesomey. Upon reachng the shore
the foc s formed themseves n a rng around Choe, e a
company of dancers, s ppng and beatng and e hbtng
every symptom of oy whe the sheep and goats and o en
beongng to the other shepherds remaned uet n the hods
of the vesses, as f nowng that the ppe, whch sounded,
was not ntended to summon them. he every one was
struc wth astonshment, and ceebrated the power of Pan,
st stranger sghts appeared both by sea and and.
efore the crews had tme to heave ther anchors, the
shps of themseves began to ma e sa, and a dophn, whch
eaped and payed on the waves, swam before the admra s
shp as gude. n the other hand Choe s goats and sheep
were ed by most ravshng musc of the ppe, whch con-
tnued ts notes, though the payer was nvsbe: sheep and
goats contnued to graze and pace genty onward stenng
wth deght to the meody.
t was the tme of evenng-pasture, when Daphns from
the summt of a roc esped hs Choe and her foc s. Pan
ye ymphs he shouted n rapture, and hurryng down
nto the pan threw hmsef nto Choe s arms, fanted, and
fe to the ground. The sses and soothng embraces of
the maden wth some dffcuty restored hm to hs senses,
after whch he proceeded to ther favourte beech-tree, under
the shade of whch he sat down, and n ured how Choe
had escaped from so many enemes. he reated everythng whch had happened the appearance of the vy around the
goats horns the wofsh howng of the sheep the pne
garand encrcng her own tempes the baze of fre on the
and the unwonted nose at sea the two dscordant notes
of the ppe that of war and that of peace the terrors of
the nght and asty, how the meody guded her hther,
t avr e r c vavp e, teray, n the admra.
urd r c aro d pa:.
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D P D C . 301
through feds and over pans to whch she was a stranger.
Upon hearng ths, Daphns recognzed the vson of the
ymphs, and the nfuence of Pan, and n hs turn, he gave
Choe an account of a whch he had seen and heard. e
nformed her how when ready to destroy hmsef, he had
been preserved through the nterventon of the ymphs.
e then sent Choe to summon Dryas and amon wth
ther servants and to desre them to brng every re uste
for a sacrfce, whe he n the mean tme too the chocest
of hs she-goats, crowned t wth vy ( ust as t had appeared
to the enemy on board of shp) poured m between ts
horns, and sacrfced t to the ymphs. Then he hung t up
and fayed t, and suspended ts s n as an offerng to them.
Choe now arrved wth amon and the servants. fre
was mmedatey nded, upon whch part of the goat s fesh
was boed and part of t roasted. Daphns offered the frst
portons to the ymphs, and poured out to them a baton
of new must he then ped some eaves nto the form
of couches, recned at hs ease upon one of them, and gave
hmsef up to good cheer and mrth: but at the same tme
ept a watchfu eye on hs sheep for fear a wof shoud
effect what the enemy had been foed n dong. fter ths
the party sang the prases of the ymphs n songs, whch
had been ndted by the shepherds of by-gone days. They
sept n the fed that nght, and n the mornng remembered
Pan. The eader of the goats was seected from the herd
a chapet of pne-eaves was bound round hs horns, and he
was ed to the statue, whch stood beneath the pne when
after pourng over hm a baton of wne , carefuy avod-
ng a omnous e pressons, the vctm was san, suspended,
and fayed. The fesh, part of whch was roasted and part
boed, was spread out upon some dry eaves n the meadow.
The s n wth the horns was hung up on the tree hard by
the statue of the god a pastora offerng to a pastora
dety. frst porton aso of the fesh was offered, and
pr fovvrg. speca care was ta en durng a sacrfce, that no
nauspcous or frvoous words were uttered by any of the bystanders
hence the admontons of the prest, t /trt, v pr fa, myar,
ourart, favete Ungus, and others for mproper e pressons were
thought not ony to poute the sacred act, but to be unuc y omens.
Mae omnats,
Parcte verbs. or. . d. v. 11.
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302 D P D C .
batons poured to hm from the argest gobet. Choe
sang -whe Daphns pped.
avng dscharged ther regous rtes, they were
recnng on the grass and feastng, when Phetas the
herdsman accdentay came by, brngng wth hm some
garands, and vne-branches, aden wth ther custers, as
offerngs to Pan. Ttyrus, hs youngest son, a goden-
hared, bue-eyed, far and sportve boy foowed hm. t
the sght of Phetas, Daphns and Choe sprang from ther
grassy couch, asssted n crownng Pan, and n suspendng
the custers to the tree, and then made Phetas seat hmsef
by them, and on n ther carousa. ery soon, as od
men do when ther cay s mostened, they began to ta of
ther youthfu adventures, of the foc s whch they had fed,
of ncursons of marauders, whch they had escaped n the
days when they were young. ne prded hmsef on havng
san a wof: another boasted, that n ppng he was second
to Pan aone. Ths was the boast of Phetas.
Daphns and Choe used urgent entreates that he woud
teach them the art, and that he woud pay on the ppe at
the festva of that dety, who deghts n ts meody. The
od man companed that age had shortened hs powers of
breath, but comped wth ther re uest, and too up the
ppe of Daphns. t was a ppe too sma to do ustce to
so great an art beng suted ony for a boy. ccordngy
he despatched Ttyrus to brng hs own ppe from the cot-
tage, whch was rather more than a me off. The boy threw
asde hs coa .t and darted off e a young fawn. amon,
n the mean tme, promsed to amuse them wth the egend
of the yrn , (or ppe) whch he had heard from a can
shepherd, who receved a he-goat and a ppe as the prce of
hs song.
Ths ppe was not formery what t s now, an nstru-
ment of musc t was once a maden of beautfu form,
and meodous voce. he fed her foc s, she sported wth
the ymphs, and the sound of her voce was sweet as t s
now. Pan behed the maden feedng her foc s, dsportng
hersef, and sngng. e approached her, and endeavoured
ty o f3u fa.
ee the egend n vd Met . 8 .
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D U D C . 303
to wn her to hs w, promsng her as an entcement that
a her she-goats shoud bear two ds at a brth. The
maden aughed at hs sut, and reped that she woud never
thn of acceptng as a over, one who was nether man nor
goat, but a compound haf of each. Pan was preparng to
offer voence: the maden fed from hm, and when weary
wth runnng, hd hersef among the reeds of a a e and
dsappeared. er pursuer n a rage cut the reeds, but
fndng no damse there, and percevng what had ta en pace,
he n memory of her formed ths nstrument. Compactng
wth wa une ua reeds n order to shew how the course of
ther ove had not run smooth. Thus she, who was once
a beauteous maden, s now a musca ppe: the nstrument
nhertng her name.
he Phetas was commendng amon s egend, whch,
he sad, was more peasng than any song, Ttyrus appeared
wth hs father s ppe, a arge nstrument formed of the argest
reeds, and ornamented wth brass over the unctures of the
wa . person mght have magned t to be the very ppe
whose reeds had been frst unted by Pan. Phetas rose
up, paced hmsef upon a seat n an erect posture, and
began to try whether the reeds were n good order: he found
the ar pass through them freey, and then wth as much
energy as f he had been n the prme of youth, he bew a
note so vgorous and fu, that t appeared e a band of
ppers payng n concert. y degrees he moderated the
vehemence of hs tones, and turned them nto a softer
stran. e ran through a the varatons of pastora
meody he payed the tune, whch the o en obey, that
whch attracts the goats, that n whch the sheep deght.
The notes for the sheep were sweet, those for the o en
deep, those for the goats were shr. n short, hs snge ppe
coud e press the tones of every ppe whch s payed upon.
Those present ay stenng n sent deght when Dryas
rose up, and desred Phetas to str e up the acchanaan
tune. Phetas obeyed, and Dryas beganf the vstage avuovc, a on a o pw avaog aroc.
a Pantomme est e premer angage de homme ee est con-
nue de toutes es natons. ernardn de t. Perre.
n the sub ect of the Pantommc dance, common to Greece and
tay, see Det. of Gree and om. nt . p. 713.
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304 D P D C .
dance, n whch he represented the puc ng of the grapes,
the carryng of the bas ets, the treadng of the custers,
the fng of the cas s, and the drn ng of the new-made
wne. ths Dryas mtated so cosey and admraby
n hs pantommc dance, that the spectator mght fancy the
wnes, the wne-press, and the cas s to be actuay before
hm, and that Dryas was drn ng n reaty.
ach of the three od men had now severay dstngushed
hmsef. Dryas, n hs deght gave Daphns and Choe a
ss, who mmedatey sprang from ther seats, and began
to dance a baet representatve of amon s fabe. Daphns
assumed the character of Pan, and Choe that of yrn .
he he endeavoured to entce her to hs embraces, she
smed n scorn at hs attempts. e pursued her, and
ran upon hs tptoes n mtaton of the coven feet of the
fod: whe she ma ng a sembance of e hauston, at ast
d hersef n the wood, ma ng t a substtute for reedy a e.
Upon osng sght of her, Daphns sezng the arge ppe of
Phetas, breathed nto t a mournfu stran as of one who
oves then a ove-sc stran as of one who peads asty and
recang stran, as of one who see s her whom he has ost.
Phetas hmsef was astonshed, and ran and embraced
the youth and ssed hm: and wth a prayer, that Daphns
mght transmt the ppe to as worthy a successor, bestowed
t on hm as a gft. The youth suspended hs own ppe as
an offerng to Pan, ssed Choe wth as much ardour as f
she had reay been ost and found agan, and ed hs foc s
home by the sound of hs new nstrument. Choe aso
(as nght was comng on) conducted her sheep homeward
to the musc of her ppe. The goats ept cose by the
sheep, as Daphns ept cose by Choe. n ths manner dd
they en oy each other s company, t nght-fa, when they
agreed to meet earer at the pasture the ne t mornng, an
arrangement whch they punctuay fufed. s soon as
the day dawned, they were n the feds. They pad ther
adoratons to the ymphs frst, and then to Pan, afterwards
retrng from ther devotons to ther seat under the shade
of the oa , where they payed ther accustomed meodes.
They nterchanged sses and embraces, and ay down sde-
by-sde, but ths was a then rsng, they bethought them
of ther mea, at whch they partoo of m and wne.
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D P D C . 30
ecomng graduay warmed and embodened by a ths
they began to enter nto an amorous revery, and to swear
perpetua affecton and fdety. Daphns advanced to the
sacred pne, and caed Pan to wtness, that he woud never
ve apart from hs Choe no not for the space of a snge
day. Choe entered the Grotto, and swore by the ymphs,
that she woud ve and de wth Daphns: and n the sm-
pcty of her heart, upon comng out, she re ured that
Daphns shoud bnd hmsef by a second oath for, (sad
the maden) my dear Daphns, Pan hmsef, by whom
you swore, s a over, and yet unfathfu. e oved
Ptys, he oved yrn , and yet he never ceases from pesterng
the Dryads wth hs addresses, or from causng annoyance
to the pmean ymphs, the guardans of our herds. e
who brea s hs own vows w hardy punsh you, even f
you shoud attach yoursef to more damses than there are
reeds n ths ppe. Come, dearest Daphns, you must swear
by ths herd and by the she-goat, whch nursed you, that,
whe Choe s fathfu to you, you w never desert her
on the other hand f Choe shoud ever do despte to you,
and to the ymphs fy from her detest her her,
as you woud a wof.
Daphns, deghted even at her mstrust, whch shewed
the warmth of her affecton, paced hmsef n the mdst
of hs herd, and ta ng hod of a she-goat wth one hand,
and a he-goat wth the other, swore to be true to Choe,
whe she was true to hm and that f she shoud ever prefer
another before hm, he woud put an end not to her but
to hmsef.
Choe was happy: for she beeved hm wth a the sm-
pcty of a gr, and of a shepherdess, and of one who
thought that the sheep and the goats were the fttng and
pecuar detes of those who tended them.
.
hen the nhabtants of Mtyene heard of the descent
made by the ten vesses, and had been nformed by some
comng from the spot of the punder whch had been carred
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30 D P D C .
off, they were of opnon that auch an n ury on the part of
the Methymnaeans was nsufferabe, and mmedatey rased
a force of three thousand nfantry and fve hundred cavary,
whch they put under the command of ppasus wth orders,
that he shoud ead hs men by and, and not embar them
on board of shp, as a voyage n the wnter season woud be
dangerous.
The genera began hs march, but he dd not ay waste-
the country of the enemy, nor dd he punder the possessons
of the husbandman, or of the shepherd, thn ng such petty
warfare sutabe to a captan of a bandtt, rather than to
the eader of an army. e hastened hs march n order
to reach the gates of the cty and attac the nhabtants
whe they were off ther guard. hen hs troops ap-
proached wthn eeven mes of the cty, a herad came
out to them wth proposas for a truce. The Methymnaeans,
had dscovered from the prsoners, that the ctzens of Mty-
ene were gnorant of the begnnng of the affray, and that
the nsoence of ther own young men had drawn upon them
the vengeance nfcted by the herdsmen and shepherds.
They repented, accordngy, of havng acted precptatey
rather than prudenty towards a neghbourng cty, and were
desrous to restore a ther punder, n order that frendy
ntercourse by sea and and mght be restored. though
ppasus had fu powers gven hm of actng as he thought
proper, he ordered the herad to proceed to Mtyene, whe,
he ptched hs camp about a me from the enemy s cty,
and wated for the answer of hs feow-ctzens. n two
days a messenger arrved wth orders for hm to refran from,
any act of hostty, to receve the restored booty, and to
return home for snce the decaraton of peace or war rested
on the decson of the peope, they consdered peace far
preferabe.
Thus dd the war between Methymne and Mtyene begn
. and end n an e uay une pected manner.
nter, however, was more formdabe to Daphns and
Choe, than war had been. n a sudden heavy fas of snow
boc ed up the roads, and shut up the cottagers wthn
doors. mpetuous torrents rushed down from the moun-
The readng here foowed s that of osn. v 3p ovrag rove
vavmovg.
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D P U C . 307
tans, the ce thc ened, the trees seemed as though ther
branches were bro en down beneath the weght of snow,
and the whoe face of the earth had dsappeared e cept about
the brn s of fountans and the borders of rvers.
o one ed hs foc s to pasture, or even ventured to str
from home but ghtng arge fres, at coc -crowng, some
empoyed themseves n twstng ropes, some n weavng
goats har, and some n ma ng snares and nets to catch
brds. t the same tme they too care to suppy the o en
n ther stas wth chaff, the goats and sheep n ther
cotes wth eaves, and the hogs n ther styes wth hom-
berres and acorns.
s every one was of necessty confned wthn-doors,t most of the abourers and shepherds were gad at havng
an nterva of reease from ther wonted abours, and m-
medatey after ther mornng-mea ay down, and en oyed
a engthy seep, wnter appearng to them more peasant
than the summer, the autumn, or even the sprng. ut
Daphns and Choe chershed n ther memory the peasures,
of whch they were now deprved, ther sses, ther em-
braces, and ther happy meas together. They passed nghts
of seepessness and sorrow, and oo ed for the return of
sprng as a restoraton to fe after an nterva of death. t
was panfu to them, f chance threw n ther way a scrp,
from whch they had eaten, or a vesse from whch they had
drun , or f they happened to cast ther eyes on a ppe, now
thrown asde wth negect, whch had once been bestowed
and receved as a to en of ove. re uent were ther prayers
to the ymphs, and to Pan, to dever them from ther
troubes, and once more to et the sun shne upon them and
nee am susteneant onus
vse aborantes, geu ue
umna constternt acuto. or. . d. . 2.
Compare rg s descrpton of the way of passng a northern
wnter.
ps n defosss speeubus seoura sub at
ta aguut terra, congesta ue robora totas ue
dvovere focs umos, gn ue dedere.
e noetem udo ducunt, et pocua set
ermento at ue acds mtantur vtea sorbs.
G. . 37 .
2
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308 D P D C .
ther herds, and whe thus engaged they aso endeavoured
to devse some scheme, hy whch they mght obtan a sght
of one another. Choe was ute at a oss, and coud not
contrve any pan, successfuy, for her reputed mother
was aways sttng near her, teachng her to card woo
and to turn the spnde, and touchng upon the sub ect of
marrage.
Daphns, however, had greater uc ness of nventon, and
more esure than the maden, and ht upon the foowng
scheme for gettng a sght of Choe. Two ofty myrte trees
and an vy grew before Dryas s cottage, and ndeed under the
very cottage tsef. The vy grew between the myrte trees,
throwng out on ether sde, ts sprays e a vne, and
formng an arbour by ntermngng ts eaves wth thers.
The berres hung down n thc custers, and were as arge
as grapes. umbers of wnter brds noc ed thther from
want of food esewhere such as bac brds, thrushes, wood-
pgeons, starngs, and a varety of others, whch ve on
berres. Daphns fed hs scrp wth some honeyed ca es,
and utted hs home under pretence of gong to catch some
of these brds. To remove a suspcon of hs rea desgn
he carred wth hm penty of brdme and snares. The ds-
tance was tte more than a me, but the frost and the snow,
whch had not yet meted, rendered the road very tosome.
To ove, however, a thngs are passabe fre, and water,
and even cythan snows. avng soon arrved at the
cottage, he shoo the snow from hs egs and feet, set the
.snares, spread the brdme, and seated hmsef n the arbour
watchng the brds, but thn ng of Choe. o many were
very soon caught, that he had abundance of occupaton
n coectng them together, ng and puc ng them.
n the mean tme, not a man, not a maden, not even a
domestc fow came out of the cottage: the whoe famy
were shut up and cose around the fre. Daphns was now
uttery at a oss what to do, and thought that he had come
at an unuc y tme. e determned to noc at the door
f he coud fnd any prete t, and began to consder what
woud appear most pausbe. hat, f say that want a
ght to nde our fre they w repy you have negh-
bours wthn a stone s throw of your cottage. hat, f
re uest somethng to eat your scrp s fu of vctuas.
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D P D C . 30
hat, f as for some wne you have but atey got n
the vntage. hat, f e cam that a wof has been pursu-
ng me where are the traces of hs feet hat, f te
them came to snare brds why not go home agan, f
you have had sport enough ha at once say that
have come to see Choe h who w venture to ma e
such a bod avowa to the father and mother of the maden
My peas w be a e hausted and sha be reduced to
sence. nce none of these e cuses w pass free from
suspcon, t were better to hod my tongue. t seems
decreed by the ates that sha not see my Choe durng
the wnter must wat wth patence unt the sprng.
fter ndugng n some such thoughts as these, he too
up hs game, and was preparng to depart, when, as f ove
too pty on hm, the foowng occurrence happened.
The famy wthn had spread ther tabe: the meat was
portoned out a sce of bread was paced for each, and the
gobet was ready m ed. ne of the sheep-dogs, who had
watched hs opportunty, when no person was observng
hm, sezed a pece of meat, and made hs escape.
Dryas (for the stoen meat happened to be hs porton)
snatched up a cub, and pursued the thef, foowng hm up
e a second dog. Daphns had thrown the brds over hs
shouder, and was ust about hurryng away when Dryas
esped hm. t the sght of Daphns he mmedatey forgot
both meat and dog, caed out after hm, Good morrow, my
son ran to hm, embraced hm, too hm by the hand, and
ed hm nto the house. hen the overs saw each other,
they were very near sn ng to the ground however, they
contnued to support themseves, whe they sauted and
embraced: ndeed ther embrace acted as a stay, and pre-
vented them from fang.
avng thus contrary to hs e pectaton obtaned an
ntervew wth hs Choe and a ss, Daphns drew nearer to
the fre, and sat down: then ta ng the woodpgeons and
thrushes from hs shouder threw them upon the tabe,
whe he reated to the famy the wearness whch he fet
from so ong and tedous a confnement at home, the eager-
ness wth whch he set out n pursut of some sport, and the
manner n whch he caught the brds, some wth a snare,
some wth brdme, when they came n search of the myrte
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310 D P D C .
and vy berres. The famy prased hs actvty, and com-
pared hm to poo the far-dartng and urged hm to
parta e of what the dog had fortunatey eft desrng Choe
n the mean tme to pour hm out wherewtha to drn .
he cheerfuy comped and handed the gobet to a the
others frst, ast of a to Daphns, pretendng to be affronted
wth hm, for havng come thther and ntendng to go
away wthout as ng to see her: nevertheess, before hod-
ng the bea er out to hm, she spped a tte from t, and
then presented t upon whch he, athough thrsty, dran
as esurey as possbe, n order to proong hs peasure, by
protractng hs draught.
The tabe was soon ceared of the fragments of bread and
meat: after whch,, as they were sttng by the fre, they
began to n ure after Myrtae and amon, who were pro-
nounced fortunate n havng such an e ceent provder for
ther od age. Daphns was deghted at havng these com-
mendatons pronounced upon hm n the hearng of Choe,
and when her parents proceeded to nsst upon hs remanng
wth them t ne t day, when they ntended to sacrfce
to acchus, he was very neary adorng them n eu of the
god. e mmedatey produced hs store of honeyed ca es
from hs scrp, together wth the brds, whch he had
caught, whch they dressed for supper. second gobet
was m ed and a second fre was ghted. ght soon came
on, when they partoo of a hearty mea and at ts concu-
son, after teng stores, and sngng songs, they retred to
rest. Choe sept wth her mother, and Daphns wthDryas.
Choe s ony peasure was the thought of seeng Daphns the
ne t mornng Daphns en oyed a nd of hoow satsfacton,
even from seepng wth Choe s father, whom he hugged
and ssed, dreamng a the whe, that the embraces were
beng bestowed upon Choe.
hen the day bro e the cod was ntense, and the sharp
north wnd was parchng up every thng. Dryas and hs
famy arose, sacrfced a ram of one year od to acchus, and
ghted a arge fre to bo the meat. ape made the bread,
ac prmua rapaa us taota abes
Pooua: ua ue bbt parte puea, bbe.
vd de rt. m. . 7 .
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D P D C . 811
whe Dryas attended to the meat, and, whe they were thus
engaged, Daphns and Choe proceeded to the vy-covered
arbour, where they set snares and spread brdme, and agan
caught no sma uantty of brds. sses and deghtfu
converse were contnuousy nterchanged between them.
came hther entrey on your account, Choe.
now t, my dear Daphns.
n your account t s that these poor bac brds now
persh what pace have n your affectons Do thn
ofme
do thn of you, my Daphns, swear t by the ymphs
whom once nvo ed n that Grotto, whther we w repar
agan so soon as the snow sha have meted.
The snow es very thc fear that sha met away,
before t does.
Do not despar, Daphns, the sun s very warm.
oud that t were as warm as the fre whch burns my
heart
Tou are n est: your are decevng me, Daphns.
o am not swear t by the goats, whom at your
bddng nvo ed.
Choe s repy was an echo to what Daphns sad. ape
now cang them, they hurred nto the house wth a
much arger suppy of game than Daphns had ta en the
day before. rst pourng out a baton to acchus, from
the gobet, they sat down to ther ban uet wth chapets of
vy on ther heads. hen t was tme to part, after oudy
shoutng n honour of the god, Daphns too hs eave,
Dryas and hs wfe havng fed hs bag wth meat and
bread, and nsstng upon hs carryng the wood-pgeons and
thrushes home to amon and Myrtae for, as they sad, they
shoud be abe to catch as many as the/ peased so ong as
the cod asted and the vy berres dd not fa. t ength
Daphns bade them farewe, and at hs departure gave each
of them a ss, but he sauted Choe ast of a, that her. ss
mght reman pure and unaoyed upon hs ps.
e fre uenty found out pretences for payng them fresh
vsts so that the wnter dd not pass by atogether wthout
an nterchange of ove.
n the openng of sprng, when the snow was meted, tbe
face of the earth agan uncovered and the grass begnnng
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312 D D C .
to grow the shepherds and herdsmen ed forth ther foc s
to the pastures, but Daphns and Choe were earer than the
others, nasmuch as they were under the gudance of a
mghter shepherd ( ove). The frst pace to whch they
hastened, was the grotto of the ymphs the ne t was the
pne-tree, where stood the statue of Pan they then proceeded
to the oa , under whch, sttng down, they watched ther
feedng foc s, and ssed and embraced each other. shng
to crown the statues of the detes,they sought for fowers:
these were but ust begnnng to come out under the md
nfuence of the zephyr, and the gena warmth of the sun
but they found the voet, the narcssus, and the pmperne,
and a the other frstngs of the year: wth these they
crowned the statues, and then poured out batons of new
m drawn from the ewes and the she-goats. fter ths
ceremony they began to tune ther pastora ppes, as
though chaengng the nghtngaes to resume ther song:
these answered softy from the thc ets, and graduay
became perfect n ther pantve strans, as f recang
them sowy after so ong a sence: t
The sheep were heard beatng, whe the ambs were seen
to frs about, or stoopng under ther mothers drew the
teat the rams pursued and eaped upon those whch had
never ambed. The he-goats dd the e, contendng for
ther mates, each ma ng choce of hs own, and guardng
her from the approach of a rva.
these ob ects mght have nded ove even n hoary
age they who were n the boom of youth, fu of vgour,
and ong snce warmed by desre, were nfamed by such
Dffugere nves, redeunt am gramna cam ps
rborbus ue coma . . .
Mutat terra vces. or. v. d. v. 1.
- The gay troops begn,
n gaant thought to pume the panted wng
nd try agan the ong forgotten stran,
t frst fant warbed

Then, a at once ave, then oy o erfows
n musc unconfned. Thomson.
houd the reader wsh to see the song of the ghtngae represented
by a serea of words, he s referred to p. 108 of Paget s arden of
er nghot, where he w fnd the mtaton by the earned Doctor
echsten, of aterhausen.
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D P D C . 313
sounds, meted at such sghts, and onged for somethng
beyond a ss and an embrace.
specay was ths the case wth Daphns. e had
passed the whoe wnter n the house, and n a state of nac-
tvty, he therefore was more mpetuous than ever n hs
desre for ssng and embracng Choe, and became boder
and more n ustve n a ove matters. e urged her to
grant hm a hs wshes and proposed that they shoud e
sde by sde, na ed, snce of the precepts gven by Phetas
for curng ove, ths remaned untred. he n ured what
there possby coud be besdes sses, embraces, and re-
cnng sde by sde why dd he wsh that they shoud
recne together na ed
wsh, sad he to foow the e ampe of the rams and
ewes of the mae goats and ther femaes. fter ther
amorous sport, the femaes no onger fee, and the maes no
onger pursue but both feed uety together, as f they
fet a mutua peasure. There must be some gratfcaton
n what they do somethng whch cures the stng of ove.
ut, returned Choe, the postures of the sheep and
goats are very dfferent from ours the maes eap upon the
femaes from behnd ths s out of the ueston wth us
besdes, you wsh me to e besde you na ed, whereas they
have a thc coverng gven them by nature.
Daphns admtted the reasonabeness of ths so after
yng by her sde, as usua, for a consderabe tme, gnorant
how to gratfy hs passons, he got up and actuay shed
tears, at beng ess e pert n ove than a sy sheep.
They had a neghbour named Chroms, who farmed some
and of hs own. e was growng od, but hs wfe, who
came from the cty, was young, good oo ng, and superor
n manners to the common rustcs her name was ycse-
num. eeng Daphns drvng hs goats past her house,
conductng them to pasture n the mornng, and home agan
ect U facunt, reetre contra ste patuntur ater, nempe ns-
entes, atera vero dorso mpostos admttentes. Tu a me pets, ut
una recumbam, d ue nuda t u o me, cet vestbus amcta,
uanto sunt hrsutores 1 Paret Daphns, et concumbens cum eadem
acut nescus ue ud uam eorum agere, uorum grata tanto
bdns mpetu conctabatur, am ergt, et a tergo hrcos ntando
adhsest.
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314 D P U D C .
n the evenng, she was very desrous of entcng hm nto
ove by means of presents.
Upon one occason, watchng unt he was aone, she gave
hm a ppe, a honeycomb, and a scrp of deer-s n. he dd
not say anythng at the tme, suspectng hs affecton for
Choe, by seeng hm aways n her company. therto,
however, her nowedge of the fact was founded ony upon
havng seen nods and aughter e changed between them.
ot ong after, pretendng to Chroms n the mornng
that she was gong to vst a neghbour n the pans of
chdbrth, she foowed the overs, and conceaed hersef n
a thc et, n order to avod dscovery from thence she saw
and heard everythng whch passed between them, and was
a wtness of the tears shed by Daphns under hs dsappont-
ment. Commseratng ther troube, and concevng the
present a good opportunty to promote ther wshes, and to
gratfy her own desres, she had recourse to the foowng
e pedent.
The ne t mornng, under cover of the same e cuse as
on the prevous day, she went straght to the oa where
Daphns and Choe were sttng together then admraby
counterfetng a state of great aarm, she e camed, Come
to my ad, entreat you, Daphns, an eage has carred off
the fnest among my twenty geese and unabe to bear t to
yonder hgh roc , has faen wth t n the neghbourng ow
wood. n the name of Pan and the ymphs come nto
the wood and rescue my goose, am afrad to enter t by
mysef. Do not et me have my number made mperfect
besdes you may perhaps the eage, and w then no
onger be n dread of havng your ambs carred away.
Choe w, n the meantme, mnd your foc s, the goats
now her as we as they do you, from your beng aways n
company.
Daphns, havng no suspcons of her motves, got up and
foowed ycaenum, who ed hm as far as possbe from
Choe upon arrvng n the thc est of the wood, near a
fountan, she bd hm st down besde her. Tou are n
ove, Daphns, she sad the ymphs nformed me of ths,
ast nght they tod me of the tears whch you shed yester-
day, and have commanded me, for the sa e of your reef,
to teach you ove s mysteres. These are not mted to
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D P D C . 31
sses and embraces, and the dong what s done by the
rams and goats they resut n much greater peasure, and
are onger n duraton. f, therefore, you wsh to be freed
from your pans, and to ma e tra of the sweets whch you
so ong for, you must become my wng pup, and out of
regard to the ymphs w be your nstructress. Daph ns coud scarcey contan hmsef for oy, but rustc as he
was, a goatherd, young and n ove, he threw hmsef at
ycaenum s feet, entreatng her to teach hm wth a speed
the art of gratfyng hs passon for Choe. Moreover, as f
about to earn somethng very mysterous and wonderfu,
he promsed to reward her pans wth as_ d . some cheeses
made of the frst new m , and the she-goat hersef. nd-
ng the young shepherd so bera n hs offers, she began
to tutor hm. he made hm st cose to her, bddng hm
ss and embrace her, and asty e down besde her, as was
hs wont wth Choe. fter ths, seeng hs amorous ardour,
she receved hm nto her arms, and, aded by nature, ed
hm to the wshed-for consummaton.f
hen ths amorous esson was concuded, Daphns, n hs
smpcty, was upon the pont of hurryng bac to Choe,
to put n practce what he had earnt, for fear east through
deayng he mght forget t. yea num however stopped
hm, sayng, Tou have somethng more yet to earn,
Daphns, am a fu grown woman, and have fet no
nconvenence from what has ta en pace was nstructed
n ths art by another man, who receved my madenhead as
hs reward but Choe, when she engages n ths amorous
contest, w cry out, and shed tears, and suffer ncon-
venence however, you must not mnd a ths so when
you fnd her n a compant humour, brng her to ths
wood, where you w be free from a ntruson, and
remember, that you have had me for your nstructress
atus h onge s ducores habent enm ongors tempors
vouptatem.
docta eum ad patrandum non soum fortem esse, verum etam
bdne turgere, ab recnatone n atus facta, psum ere t, se ue turn
perte substernens, um ad vam duc usestam dre t deude non
utra peregrnum psum crcumdu t, psa natura, uod porro agen-
dum restabat, docente.
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31 D P D C .
prevous to Choe. ycsenum, after gvng hm ths advce,
retred to another part of the wood as f st n search of
the os gagae. Daphns, refectng upon what she had sad,
restraned hs former mpetuosty,f fearng to be the cause
of any pan and nconvenence to Choe and determnng
to soace hmsef wth her ony n the accustomed man-
ner, he ssued from the wood. Upon hs return he found
her weavng a chapet of voets so, pretendng that he had
devered the goose from the taons of the eage, he threw
hs arms around her and embraced her, snce n ths at east
there coud be no danger. he paced the chapet upon hs
head, and ssed hs har, whch, n her estmaton was far
preferabe to the voets. Then producng from her scrp a
ca e of fgs and bread, she gave hm some, then snatchng
the morses from hs mouth, eat them hersef, e the
youngng of a brd.
he they were at ther mea, whch, however, conssted
more of sses than of food, a fshng boat was seen pro-
ceedng aong the coast. There was no wnd strrng a
perfect cam prevaed: so havng ta en to ther oars, the
crew were rowng vgorousy, ther ob ect beng to carry
some newy caught fsh to a rch man n the cty. They
dpped ther oars, dong what saors usuay do to begue
ther to. The boatswan sung a sea-song, and the rest
acebt h.ud secus ac vunerata, muto manens sangune. e-
rum non est uod cruorem tmeas sed uando am persuaaers, ut
tb morem gerat, tunc tu am n hune adduct ocum, ub, s fortd
camavert, nemo audat, s acrmata fuert, nemo vdeat, s cruore
fcedata fuert, fonte se abuat.
caven8, ne ve a veut hoste conspeeto camaret, ve tan uam
doore aft ecta feret, ve sangune foedaretur tan uam contrucdata.
on ta dudum nam ue percuum fecerat pse, a Methymnces paga
aft ectus : deo ue a sangune abhorrebat, sangunem ue de soo vunere
se u opnabatur.
tv rrr e, (n atn, ortator or Portuscuus) an offcer n a shp
who gave the sgna to the rowers, that they mght eep tme n row-
ng. The same name was aso gven to the poe or hammer, by the
str ng of whch he reguated the moton of the oars.
meda stat margne pupps,
u voce aternos nautarum temperet ctus,
t rems dctat sontum, parter ue reats
d sontum paudat resonanta ccorua tonss.
ee sch. Persas. 388. us tacus, . 3 0.
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D P D C . 317
oned n chorus at stated ntervas. hen they were n
the open sea, the sound was ost, ther voces beng ds-
persed nto the ar, but when runnng under a headand
they came nto any hoow and crescent-shaped bay, the
sound became much ouder, and the song of the boatswan
was dstncty heard on shore. deep vaey here soped
down from the pan above, whch receved nto t the sound,
as nto an nstrument of musc, and repeated wth the most
perfect mtaton every note whch was uttered. There
coud be heard the dstncton between the dash of the oars,
and the voces of the saors and a very peasng sound t
was begnnng on the sea, the duraton of ts echo upon
shore was proportoned to ts greater ateness n com-
mencng.
Daphns, understandng the nature of the echo, turned
hs attenton soey to the sea, and was deghted wth
vewng the boat as t gded by the shore uc er than
a brd coud fy. t the same tme he endeavoured to store
up some of these strans n hs memory, that he mght
pay them on hs ppe. Choe, who had never, t now,
heard what s caed an echo, turned frst to the sea, and
stened to the boatmen, as they sang, and then oo ed
round to the woods, n e pectaton of seeng those, who (as
she thought) were sngng n responsve chorus.
t ength the rowers were out of sght, and a was
sent, even n the vaey when Choe n ured of Daph-
ns whether there was another sea behnd the h, and
another boat, and other saors, who a sang the same
stran, and who a eft off together. Daphns sweety
smed upon her, and gave her a st sweeter ss, and
puttng the chapet of voets on her head, proceeded to
reate to her the egendary tae of cho, upon condton
of recevng ten sses for hs pans.
There are varous casses of the ymphs, my ove
the Means, who dwe among the ash-groves, the Dryads,
who presde over the oa s, and the cean, who are guard-
ans of the a es. cho was the daughter of one of these
ymphs: as her mother was beautfu, so was she, but as
her father was a morta, she aso was the same. he was
ee vd, Met. . 3 , for the egend of cho and arcssus.
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318 D P D C .
brought up by the ymphs, and was taught by the Muses
to pay upon the ppe, the fute, the yre, and the harp,
n short she was nstructed n every speces of musc
so that when the maden arrved at the fower of her
youth, she danced wth the ymphs, and sang wth the
Muses. ttached to the state of madenhood, she shunned
the sght of a maes, whether men or gods. Ths roused
the ndgnaton of Pan eaous of her s n musc, and
rrtated by her refusa of hs advances, the god nspred
the shepherds and herdsmen wth such frenzy, that they
rushed upon her e so many hounds or woves, tore her
n peces, and threw n every drecton, her mbs, yet
sendng forth meodous sounds. arth, n order to gratfy
the ymphs, covered the maden s mbs, but preserved to
her the gft of song and, by the w of the Muses, she
st has the power of utterance, and, as when ave, st
mtates a sounds the voces of the gods of men of
nstruments of anmas, even of Pan hmsef when payng
on hs ppe. e, when he hears the sound, sprngs up,
and rushes n pursut over the mountans, not n order to
bend her to hs wshes, but to fnd out who can be ths hs
hdden pup.
hen Daphns had fnshed hs tae, Choe, nstead of
gvng hm ten sses ony, bestowed upon hm a thousand
and cho repeated every ss, as f n testmony that Daph-
ns had not added anythng to her hstory, whch was not true.
The heat of the weather day ncreased, snce sprng
was departng, and summer was approachng. The new
deghts, whch ths season brngs, agan returned to them.
Daphns swam n the rvers, and Choe bathed n the
fountans he payed upon the ppe, vyng wth the murmur-
ng pne-trees she sang, and emuated the nghtngaes wth
her meody: they chased the nosy ocusts, they caught the
chrpng grasshoppers, they gathered poses, or shoo down
the frut from the trees, and ate t. ometmes, aso, they
ay sde by sde, covered wth a goat-s n but fearng
est passon mght carry hm away, Daphns woud not
often permt her to dspay a her beautes at whch she
n her nnocence was astonshed, but sad nothng.
There s a pantng, by r oshua eynods, whch represents
enus as chdng Cupd for earnng arthmetc.
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D P D C . 31
Durng the summer, Choe had many sutors, who came
to Dryas, and entreated hm to bestow hs daughter n
marrage. ome brought wth them a gft, and some made
great promses. ape, eated wth hope, advsed her hus-
band to marry Choe forthwth, and not to eep a maden
of her age any onger at home, est, whe pasturng her
foc s, she shoud some day ose her vrtue, and ta e to her-
sef a partner upon the strength of a present of frut or
fowers the best course was to secure for her a good
match, and to eep a the presents of her sutors for the
nfant son who had been atey born to them.
Dryas was sometmes amost persuaded by her argu-
ments, for the gfts promsed by each wooer, were far
beyond what a mere shepherdess had reason to e pect but,
on the other hand, he refected t that the maden was far too
good for common overs, and that, f ever her rea parents
shoud be dscovered, she woud be the means of ma ng
them rch for fe.
or these reasons he decned gvng a decded answer,
and postponed from tme to tme, meanwhe, recevng
presents of no sma vaue. Choe, as soon as she new of
ths, was overwhemed wth gref but for a consderabe
tme conceaed ts cause from Daphns, for fear of gvng
hm pan. e, however, was earnest and perseverng n
hs n ures as to the sub ect of her sorrow, and evdenty
fet more mserabe at havng the truth conceaed from
hm, than he woud do f he new t accordngy she
ac uanted hm wth every crcumstance wth the fact of
the sutors beng numerous and weathy, wth ape s
arguments for mmedate marrage, wth the hestaton of
Dryas n refusng, and hs resouton to postpone matters
unt the ne t vntage-season shoud begn.
Daphns, amost besde hmsef at hearng her reaton,
sat down and wept bttery, e camng, that, were he de-
prved of Choe as a companon n the pastures, t woud
prove hs death, and not hs death ony, for that hs sheep
ee Theocrtus. dy v.
Ths s the prettest ow-born ass, that evec
an on the green-sord nothng she does or seems
ut smac s of somethng greater than hersef,
Too nobe for ths pace. nter s Tae.
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320 D P D C .
woud de upon osng such a master. fter ths burst
of sorrow, recoverng hmsef, he resoved to ta e courage,
bethought hm of endeavourng to persuade Choe s father
to receve hm as her sutor, fatterng hmsef that he
shoud be far superor to the others, and woud be pre-
ferred before them. There was one obstace, whch gave
hm uneasness amon was not rch: ths refecton
aone rendered hs hopes of success sender. evertheess
he determned to decare hmsef a sutor, and Choe
approved of hs desgn.
e dd not venture to decare hs ntenton to amon,
but ta ng courage, communcated hs ove to Myrtae, and
spo e aso of the marrage she mparted everythng to her
husband at nght. amon treated her ntercesson for
Daphns very harshy, and rebu ed hs wfe for thn ng of
marryng to a mere shepherd s daughter, a youth who by
the to ens found upon hm, seemed to gve promse of a
much hgher fortune, and who, shoud he ever fnd hs
reatves, woud not ony procure the freedom of hs foster-
father and mother, but aso ma e them master and mstress
of a much arger estate.
Myrtae, fearng est the youth, bghted n hs hopes of
marryng Choe, shoud ma e an attempt upon hs own fe,
gave hm a dfferent reason for the opposton on her hus-
band s part. e are poor, my son, and we re ure a gr
who w brng a porton wth her they, on the other hand,
are rch, and e pect rch sutors. owever, go and persuade
Choe, and get her to preva upon her father, not to oo
for too great a match, but to et you ta e her for a wfe.
The gr hersef, am sure, deary oves you, and woud
certany prefer sharng her bed wth a handsome youth,
however poor, than wth an ugy ape, however rch.
Myrtae had no e pectaton that Dryas, who had so
manv rcher sutors appyng to hm, woud ever agree to
the wshes of Daphns, and consdered hersef to have
offered very pausbe arguments for dsposng of the sub ect
of the marrage.
Daphns coud not n ustce fnd faut wth what she
sad but, as needy overs generay do, he burst nto tears
and agan nvo ed the assstance of the ymphs.
s he sept at nght, they agan appeared to hm n the
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D P D C . 321
same dress and form, as they had done before, and the edest
of them thus addressed hm.
Choe s marrage s under the superntendence of ano-
ther dety: as for yoursef we w furnsh you wth gfts
whch sha soften Dryas, and wn hs consent. The boat
beongng to the young men of Methymna, whose vne-
branch cabe your goats devoured, was that same day carred
far out to sea by the voence of the wnd: at nght the
gae bowng from the sea, t was drven towards the and
and dashed upon some roc s, there t was wrec ed and
everythng n t ost. purse of three thousand drachmas
was thrown ashore, and es covered wth seaweed near a
dead dophn, the putrd stench of whch s so offensve that
no one w approach t but hastens by as fast as he can.
Go, ta e ths money, and offer t to Dryas. t s enough at
present to ma e you appear not absoutey poor the tme
w come, when you w be very rch.
fter spea ng to ths effect, they dsappeared, and wth
them the dar ness of the nght day dawned, and Daphns
eapng from hs bed wth oy, drove hs goats to pasture
wth bosterous eagerness. fter ssng Choe, and payng
hs adoratons n the grotto, he went down to the sea,
pretendng that t was hs ntenton to bathe, and then
wa ed aong the sands cose to the beach, see ng the
three thousand drachmas. The search re ured tte
abour: the dophn ay rottng n hs path, and yedng a
most ancent and fsh- e sme, whch served to gude
hm on hs way. e mmedatey approached t, and upon
removng the weeds found the purse fu of sver, whch he
put nto hs scrp but before uttng the spot he uttered
bessngs upon the ymphs and upon the ocean ewse
for athough a shepherd he now thought the sea more de-
ghtfu than the and, snce t contrbuted to promote hs
marrage wth Choe.
avng got possesson of ths sum, he thought hmsef
not merey rcher than hs neghbours, but the rchest man
upon the earth, and mmedatey hastened to Choe, reated
hs dream to her, shewed her the purse, and desred her to
tend the herds t he came bac : then, hurryng wth a
122 18s. d.
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322 D P 8 D C .
speed to Dyas, whom he found wth ape bused n beatng
out corn upon the threshng foor, he body entered upon
the sub ect of the marrage.
Gve me Choe for a wfe. can pay we on the ppe
can prune vnes can pant can pough and can
wnnow. To my s as a herdsman Choe can bear wt-
ness: ffty she-goats were gven to my charge, and ther
number s now doubed. ormery we used to send our
femaes to a neghbour s maes but now have reared
arge and handsome he-goats of our own. am young
and, as have been your neghbour, you now me to have a
bameess character. goat, moreover, nursed me, as a
ewe dd Choe. eng on so many ponts superor to other
sutors, you w not fnd me ther nferor n my gfts.
They w offer ther goats and ther sheep, or a yo e of
mangy o en, or corn not ft to feed even dungh fows
w gve you three thousand drachmas ony et no one
now what have offered not even amon, my father
o sayng, he presented the money and threw hs arms round
the nec of Dry as.
Dryas and ape were surprsed at the sght of so much
money, and not ony promsed to gve Choe n marrage,
but aso undertoo to procure amon s consent to the
match. ape remaned wth Daphns, and drove the o en
round the foor, whe by means of the threshng-machne
she separated the grans. Dryas, n the meantme, ad by
the money carefuy, n the pace where the to ens were
stored up, and hastened to amon s house upon the nove
errand of as ngf a husband for hs daughter. e found
amon and Myrtae measurng some barey, whch had
been ust wnnowed, and n very bad -sprts at fndng t
yed tte more than the seed whch had been put nto the
ground, and endeavoured to consoe them by sayng, that
Tp o oc a corn-drag, consstng of a thc and ponderous
wooden board, armed underneath wth peces of ron, or sharp fnts,
and drawn over the corn by a yo e of o en, ether the drver or a
heavy weght beng paced upon t, for the purpose of separatng the
gran and cuttng the straw. Dct, of Gree and om. nt . ee
rg. Georg. . 1 4.
fvao a vvffyov the verb fvao a s propery empoyed ony
wth reference to the woman, sgnfyng to woo to wfe.
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D P D C . 323
ths season the compant was genera. e then as ed
Daphns n marrage for Choe. thers, sad he, woud
wngy ma e me handsome presents, however w accept
nothng from you, but, on the contrary, w gve you of my
own substance. The two young peope have been brought
up together, and from feedng ther foc s n company they
have contracted a mutua fondness whch cannot easy be
dssoved, and they are now of suffcent age to consummate
a marrage.
These and many more arguments he urged wth a the
eo uence of one who had receved three thousand drachmas
for hs guerdon. amon was no onger abe to pead hs
poverty, snce Dryas entertaned no ob ectons upon that
head nor coud he ob ect to the age of Daphns, for he
was by ths tme a young man but even now he dd not
e pan the rea cause of hs unwngness, whch was, that
Daphns was of too good brth for such a match.
fter remanng sometme sent he reped as foows.
Tou act usty, Dryas, n preferrng your neghbours before
strangers, and n not thn ng weath superor to honest
poverty. May Pan and the ymphs reward you wth ther
frendshp for ths mysef am eager for the marrage:
who am hafway on the road to od age, and begn to fee the
want of assstance on my farm, shoud ndeed be crazy, were
to refuse a connecton wth your famy ths n tsef woud
be a great advantage, and Cboe, too, s most desrabe on
account of her beauty, youth, and goodness. t the same
tme you must consder that am ony a serf on ths estate:
am owner of nothng here: t s necessary that my master
shoud be ac uanted wth the busness, and that we shoud
have hs consent. uppose, then, that we defer the mar-
rage t the autumn: persons from the cty have nformed
me, that he ntends comng hther at that tme. They sha
then be man and wfe for the present et them ove each
other e brother and sster. w ony farther say, frend
Dryas, that you are see ng as son-n-aw one who s supe-
ror to us a. e added no more, but embraced Dryas,
and handed hm some drn , t beng md-day and very hot,
amon appears to have been the trrporog, or baff upon ha
master s estate.
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324 P D C .
and wshng to shew hm every mar of ndness, accom-
paned hm part of hs way home.
The ast e presson of amon was not ost upon Dryas,
but as he went aong he thought wthn hmsef, ho
can Daphns be e was suc ed by a she-goat, as f
under the provdenta care of the detes themseves he s
very handsome, and bears no resembance to the fat-nosed
amon, or the bad-headed Myrtae he s master, aso,
of three thousand drachmas, few goatherds can ca so
many pears ther own as he e posed by the same person
who e posed Choe Dd amon fnd hm, as found
her were to ens eft wth hm e those whch found
f, Pan, and ye ymphs, t be so, whensoever he fnds
hs own reatves, he may throw some ght upon the secret
hstory of Choe aso
Thus he proceeded, thn ng and dreamng, unt he
reached the threshng-foor. There he found Daphns on
the tptoe of e pectaton to earn hs tdngs. Dryas re-
eved hs mnd by addressng hm as son-n-aw he pro-
msed hm that the nuptas shoud ta e pace n the
autumn, and gave hm hs rght hand n confrmaton that
Choe shoud be the wfe of no other.
wfter than thought, wthout stoppng to eat or drn ,
away ran Daphns to Choe. e found her engaged n
m ng and ma ng cheese, tod her the good news of ther
approachng weddng, ssed her openy, as though she were
aready hs wfe, and not by steath as he used to do, and
began to assst her n her wor , by m ng the goats and
ewes nto the pas, settng the cheeses upon the rac s,
and pacng the ambs and ds under ther dams. hen
Tapoo fat wc er bas ets for ma ng and stowng away
cheeses.
Tapuo fv rvpuv fpT ov. dyss. . 21 .
s straners hung wth cheese
Dstended. Cowper.
Tapeo vrpr cg a. Theoc. dy. 37.
My cheeses fa not n ther hurded row. Chapman.
passage n vd ustrates the process of cheese-ma ng:
eut concretum vmne uerno
ac soet utve uor rar sub pondere crbr
Manat, et e prmtur per densa foramna spssus.
Met. . 43 .
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D P D C . 32
ther abours were concuded, they washed themseves, ate
and dran , and then went out n search of some rpe frut. f ths there was abundance, t beng the most frutfu season of the year. There were pears, both wd and cu-
tvated, and a sorts of appes, some of whch were yng on
the ground, and some st hangng upon the branches.
Those upon the ground smet sweeter those upon the
boughs were brghter n coour the former were as fragrant
as new wne, the atter shone e god. ne tree had been
entrey strpped ts branches were bare t had nether
eaves nor frut, e cept a snge appe, whch grew upon the
top of the hghest branch. Ths appe was very arge and
beautfu, and ts sotary perfume surpassed the unted
fragrance of many others. The gatherer had ether been
afrad of cmbng to the summt of the tree, or he had
preserved ths beautfu frut for some ove-sc shepherd.
Daphns, as soon as he esped t, began to cmb the tree,
gvng no heed to Choe, who endeavoured to prevent hm,
and who fndng hersef dsregarded hurred away pettshy
after her herds. Daphns cmbed the tree, succeeded n
sezng the appe, carred t as a present to Choe, and
presented t to her, wth these words : Maden, ths frut
was produced and chershed by the beauteous hours the
sun matured t wth hs beams, and fortune has preserved
t uness bnd, coud not eave t ether to fa on the
ground, where catte, as they grazed, mght tread on t, or
where the sna e mght craw over t, and defe t wth hs
sme or where tme mght rot t as t ay st ess coud
do ths when t had been seen and prased by you.
enus receved an appe as the prze of beauty the same
prze ad udge to you. Pars and are e uay ftted to
be umpres: he was a shepherd, am a goatherd. th these words he paced the appe n her bosom, and
she, upon hs drawng near, bestowed on hm a ss so
that Daphns dd not repent of havng ventured to cmb
to such a heght for the ss whch he receved was more
precous to hm than a goden appe.
s not ove a ercues,
t cmbng trees n the esperdes ha spearo.
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82 D P D C .
.
ne of amon s neghbours, who was a feow serf
under the same ord, caed n hs way from Mtyene, and
nformed hm that ther master ntended comng ust before
the vntage, to see whether the ncurson of the Methym-
nseans had done any damage to hs ands. The summer
was now cosng, and autumn approachng very fast amon,
therefore, mmedatey began to put the house n such
order as mght, n every respect, pease hs master s eyes.
e ceansed the fountans, that the water mght be pure
carred the manure out of the yard, that the sme mght
not be offensve and trmmed hs garden, that a ts
beauty mght be seen.
s garden was ndeed a beautfu one, and ad out n
a prncey stye. t was stuated on hgh ground, and was
fve hundred feet n ength, whe n breadth t contaned
four acres, so that one mght have supposed t an e ten-
sve pan. n t were a nds of trees, the appe, the
myrte, the pear, the pomegranate, the fg, the ove, whch
grew here n perfecton. n one sde of ths garden was a
ofty vne, whose branches, aden wth bac enng grapes,
were suspended above the appe and pear trees, as f vyng
wth them n the show of frut. uch were the cutvated
trees. There were aso cypresses, aures, panes, and
pnes, over whch an vy nstead of a vne stretched out
her branches, wth berres n- sze and coour resembng
grapes.
The frut-trees occuped the nteror space. Those
whch dd not bear frut were ranged on the outsde,
servng the purpose of an artfca fence and the whoe
was ncosed by a sght hedge. were paced n a
strct and reguar order, so that ther trun s were
perfecty dstnct one from the other, but at a certan
heght ther branches met, and ntermnged ther eaves
wth a reguarty whch, though the wor of nature, ap-
peared to be the effect of art. ere were aso beds of
ee secus omnes n unguem,
rborbus posts secto va rote uadret. rg. G. . 278.
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D .P D C . 327
varous fowers, some of whch were cutvated pants, and
some the spontaneous producton of the so. The rose
bushes, hyacnths, and es had been panted by the hand
of man, the voets, the narcssus, and the pmperne sprang
naturay from the ground. There was shade for summer,
fowers for sprng, fruts for autumn, and for a seasons of
the year en oyment.
rom ths garden was to be had a fne vew of the pans
wth the herds and foc s whch grazed upon them as we
as of the sea, and of the shps, as they were sang aong,
so that the prospect was no sma porton of the beauty of
the pace. acty n the mdde there was a tempe and
an atar, dedcated to acchus. n vy encrced the atar,
and a vne e tended ts branches round the tempe on the
nteror the events n the hstory of the god were repre-
sented. The devery of emee, radne seepng, ycurgus
fettered, Pentheus torn n peces,f the vctores over the
ndans, and the metamorphoss of the Tyrrhenan saors.
n a sdes were atyrs and acchantes dancng. or
was Pan omtted he was represented sttng upon a roc ,
and payng upon hs ppe an ar ntended e uay to regu-
ate the motons of the men as they trod the grapes, and of
the women as they danced.
uch was the garden, whch amon was busy n get-
tng nto order, cuttng away dead wood, and rasng
the branches of the vnes. e crowned the statue of
acchus wth fowers, he conducted water from the foun-
tan dscovered by Daphns, for the fowers, whch was used
e cusvey for them, and was caed Daphns s ountan.
amon aso charged the youth to get hs goats nto as good
condton as possbe, snce ther master woud certany vst
and e amne them after hs ong absence from the farm.
Putarch, spea s of the practce of settng off the beautes we
may aso add, the fragrance of roses and voets, by pantng them
sde by sde wth ee s and onons. The orgnator of ths fashon
went upon the prncpe, no doubt, of
mne tut punctum u mscut ute duc.
f rens tb vctus, adus ue
Decoor ertremo use cngtur nda Gange,
Penthea tu, venerande, bpennferun ue ycurgum,
acregos mactas Tyrrhena ue nttas n re uor
Corpora. vd. Met. v. 20.
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28 D P D C .
Upon ths head Daphns fet confdent that he shoud be
prased for the herd, whch he had receved n charge, was
ncreased twofod: not one of them had been sezed by a
wof, and they were aready fatter than sheep. shng
to do everythng whch mght render hs master favourabe
to hs marrage, he e erted a hs care and actvty, drvng
them to pasture very eary, and returnng very ate, eadng
them to the water twce every day, and choosng for them
the rchest pastures. e aso too care to provde fresh
bows, many new m -pas, and arger cheese-rac s.
uch was hs attenton to hs goats, that he even oed ther
horns, and curred ther har, and they mght have been
supposed to be the sacred herd of Pan. Choe shared n
a hs to, negectng her own foc , that she mght be of
greater assstance to hm, whch caused Daphns to attrbute
the beauty of hs herd entrey to her.
he occuped n ths manner, a second messenger
came from the cty, wth orders for them to get n ther
vntage as soon as possbe he sad he shoud reman there
unt they had made some of the new wne, after whch he
shoud return to Mtyene, and brng ther master, at the
end of the vntage season. amon and hs famy receved
udromus, the runner (for hs name was derved from ha
empoyment) wth a hearty wecome, and mmedatey began
to strp the vnes, to put the grapes n the vats, and the
must n the cas s reservng some of the fnest custers
wth ther branches, n order that those aso who came out
of the cty mght form some dea of the vntage, and ts
peasures.
efore udromus departed, Daphns made hm varous
presents, and n addton such as are usuay gven by a
goatherd, such as some we-made cheeses, a young d, a
whte shaggy goat-s n for hm to wear when runnng
on errands n the wnter, and many thngs besdes. e
was greaty peased wth Daphns and embraced hm, pro-
msng to spea favouraby of hm to hs master: wth these
meap wv avwv, a yav uv Tto uv.
The same dstncton of m ng vesses s found n the dyssey,
. 223.
rau o re ff a eg rf.
a pas and bows. Cowper.
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D P UD C . 32
frendy feengs he set out. Daphns and Choe were n a
state of great an ety. he fet no sma fear when she
refected that a youth htherto accustomed to see ony hs
goats, the mountans, hs feow-abourers n the feds, and
hersef, was for the frst tme soon to behod hs master, whom
he had but recenty nown even by name. he was an ous
to now how he woud conduct hmsef n the pre-
sence of hs betters her mnd was aso fed wth agtaton
respectng ther marrage, fearng est a ther e pected
happness mght prove but a dream. re uenty dd she
and Daphns ss, and fre uenty dd they cng n embraces
as cose as though they grew together yet ther sses
were aoyed by fear, and ther embraces partoo of sadness,
as f afrad of the actua presence of ther master, or as f
endeavourng to avod hs eyes.
The foowng addton to ther present troubes ewse
too pace.
There was a certan amps, a herdsman of overweenng
dsposton he aso had been as ng Choe n marrage of
Dryas, and had made many handsome presents to promote
hs chance of success. eng we aware, that f the master
of the estate shoud gve hs consent, Daphns woud obtan
her for hs brde, he resoved to pan some scheme for settng
amon s famy at varance wth ther master and nowng
that the atter was partcuary fond of a garden, he deter-
mned to n ure t and destroy ts beauty. e was aware
that shoud he venture to cut down the trees, the nose
woud betray hm, he determned therefore to vent hs rage
aganst the fowers, so watng t t was dar , he cmbed
over the hedge, and e a wd-boar, rooted up some,
bro e others, and tramped upon every fower. avng
done ths, he went away unobserved. hen amon came
the ne t mornng he was about to water hs fowers wth
the streams whch had been conducted from the fountan,
but seeng the whoe spot ad waste, and the damage of
such a nd as some determned enemy or sptefu thef
woud have commtted, he rent hs cothes, and caed
oudy upon the gods, so that Myrtae threw down what
u rrcp ovfnrt v rov
he rose and threw
ersef upon hs breast and there she grew. yron.
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330 D P D C .
she had n her hands, and ran out whe Daphns, who was
drvng hs herds to pasture, hurred bac : and when they
saw what had ta en pace, they uttered a oud shre , and
burst nto tears.
t was n van to ament the oss of ther fowers, but
they wept from dread of ther master s anger and had any
stranger passed by he woud have wept aso, for the whoe
garden was dsmanted: nothng remaned but tramped cay.
The few fowers whch here and there had escaped destructon
showed by ther brant hues how beautfu the garden
must have been when n perfecton. umbers of bees rested
upon them, and wth ncessant buzzng seemed to ament
ther fate. amon, n hs consternaton, thus bro e forth:
as for my rose bushes, how are they bro en as
for my voets, how are they trodden under foot as for
my narcssuses and hyacnths, whch some mschevous v-
an has rooted up The sprng w return, but they w
not put forth ther buds The summer w come, but
they w not be n ther fu boom The autumn w arrve,
but they w crown no one wth garands nd you, my
protector, acchus, dd not you degn to pty the fowers,
among whch you dwe, whch day you behod, and
wth whch have so often crowned your brows ow
can show ths garden to my ord hen he sees t, what
w be hs feengs e w hang hs od servant, e a
second Marsyas, on one of those pnes: and perhaps he
w hang Daphns, attrbutng the destructon of t to hs
goats
They ceased weepng for the fowers, and now wept for
themseves. Choe shed tears at the dea of Daphns beng
hanged, and prayed that ther master mght never come.
he passed days of wretchedness, fancyng she saw Daphns
aready sufferng under the scourge.
ght was approachng when udromus returned, and
nformed them that ther master woud be wth them n three
days tme, but that hs son woud arrve ne t mornng.
They now began to deberate what was to be done respect-
ng the msfortune whch had happened, and too udro-
mus nto ther councs. eeng a frendshp for Daphns,
he advsed them to reate the whoe affar to ther young
master on hs frst arrva he was hs own foster-brother,
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332 D P D C .
sents. e was naturay fond of mae beauty, and never
havng seen any one so handsome, even n town, he deter-
mned to ma e an attempt upon Daphns, thn ng easy to
gan over a mere shepherd youth. avng formed ths
determnaton, nstead of gong to hunt wth styus, he
proceeded to the spot where Daphns was feedng hs foc ,
under pretence of oo ng at the goats, but n reaty to gaze
upon ther master. n order to gan hs goodw, he began
by prasng the appearance of the anmas, and re uested
hm to pay a pastora tune upon hs ppe, addng, that by
hs nfuence he coud soon obtan hs freedom. avng n
ths manner put hm at hs ease, he watched hs oppor-
tunty, and when Daphns was drvng home hs herd at
nght, he ran up and ssed hm, and then went on to ma e
proposas to hm. or some tme the youth dd not
understand hs meanng, but when at ast he dd, he ad
hm prostrate wth a bow for he was n uor, and hardy
abe to stand and then eft hm sprawng, n need not of
a boy whose beauty he mght admre, but of a man to pc
hm up and ead hm home. or the tme to come Daphns
woud hod no more communcaton wth hm, but con-
stanty changed the pace of pasturage for hs goats, avod-
ng hm, but eepng cose to Choe. or, to say the
truth, was Gnatho very eager to renew hs ac uantance,
havng found by persona e perence that he was not ony
handsome n countenance but stawart n arm nevertheess
he determned to watch for an opportunty of spea ng to
styus about hm, and fattered hmsef that he shoud
easy obtan hm as a gft from a young man who was
aways ready to gve argey, and upon a occasons.
ust then he coud not carry out hs pans, for Dony-
sophanes and Cearsta arrved and no sma was the str
caused by ther tran of mae and femae servants, and ther
sumpter horses. Donysophanes was of mdde age,t but
ta and handsome and one who woud not suffer by com-
Dende, ut more caprarum, hros su copam facentum, sb
tergum obvertat, precatur. aso cum serus anmadvertsset Daphns
d t, capras uod meant hrc, d udem se recte habere, sed hrcum
nun uam et nus uan gentum vdsse nre hrcum, ne ue aretem pro
ovbus aretem, ne ue gaos gauarum oco gaos.
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D P1 D C11 0 . 333
parson even wth far younger men. n rches he had not
many e uas, n vrtues he had none. n the frst day of
hs arrva he sacrfced to the detes who presde over
the country, to Ceres, to acchus, to Pan, and to the
ymphs, and caused to be prepared one common bow
for a present. Durng the foowng day he nspected
amon s abours, and when he saw the feds we poughed,
the fourshng condton of the vnes, and the beauty of the
garden (for styus had ta en the bame about the fowers
on hmsef), he was very much deghted, prased amon
hghy, and promsed to gve hm hs freedom. fter gong
over the farm, he went to see the herds, and hm who tended
them.
Choe fed to the woods: she was ashamed and frghtened
at the thought of appearng before so many strangers.
Daphns, however, stood st: he had on a shaggy goat-
s n, a new scrp was suspended from hs shouder n one
hand he hed some fresh cheeses, and wth the other, two
suc ng ds. f ever poo tended the herds of aomedon,
hs appearance must have been e that of Daphns now.
e dd not say a word, but covered wth bushes, hung
down hs head, and presented hs offerngs.
Ths, Master (sad amon), s the young man who has
ta en care of your goats. fty femae, and two mae goats
were the number whch receved from you: ths youth has
ncreased the former to a hundred, and the atter to ten.
bserve how sound are ther horns, how fat and ong-hared
they are n body. e has even made them musca for
a ther movements are reguated by the ppe.
Cearsta, who was present, and heard what was sad,
e pressed a wsh to see a proof of what he asserted, and
desred Daphns to ppe to hs goats n hs usua manner,
promsng hm for hs pans a tunc, a coa , and a par of
sandas. Daphns dsposed the company n a sem-crce
then standng under the shade of a beech-tree, he too hs
ppe from hs scrp, and breathed nto t very genty. The
goats stood st, merey ftng up ther heads. e t he
p r paf rr rao8a. To set up bows as a sgn of feastng. ee
dyss. . 431.
p)r p g oroao a oc. To do the same n honour of the gods.
. v. 28.
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334 D P D C .
payed the pasture-tune, upon whch they a put down
ther heads, and began to graze. ow he produced some
notes, soft and sweet n tone: at once a hs herd ay down.
fter ths he pped n a sharp ey, and they ran off to the
wood, as f a wof were n sght. thn a short nterva he
payed the reca, and mmedatey ssung from ther covert,
they ran to hs very feet. ew domestc servants w be seen
to obey ther master so ready: a the company were aston-
shed at hs s , but more partcuary Cearsta, who
reterated her promse of gvng a reward to the handsome
goatherd, who had shown such s n musc. The party,
returnng to the farm, went to dnner, and sent Daphns a
porton from ther own tabe.
Daphns shared the dantes wth Choe, and was deghted
wth the favour of cty coo ery, and fet very sangune of
obtanng hs master s consent and so of succeedng n hs
marrage.
Gnatho, st more captvated by ths dspay of Daphns s
s , and rec ess of fe uness he coud effect hs purpose,
watched for styus as he was wa ng n the garden, and
eadng hm to the tempe of acchus, began to ss hs feet and hands.
Upon styus n urng why he dd ths, urgng hm to
spea out, and promsng to grant hs re uest, he reped, t
s a over wth your od frend Gnatho who once cared
ony for the tabe who used to swear that nothng was
better than generous od wne, and that your cty coo s
were better than a the comey youths of Mtyene, now
can fnd nothng handsome e ceptng Daphns. no onger
resh, nor even taste the choce dshes whch are day
prepared n such abundance, fesh, fsh, and pastry but woud wngy be transformed nto a goat and browse on
grass and eaves, f ony coud sten to the ppe of Daph-
ns, and be under hs charge. hew yoursef then, my
preserver, and enabe me to trumph n my sut f you
refuse, swear by acchus, that w seze a dagger, and
after eatng unt can eat no onger, w stab mysef
before the door of Daphns, and then you w no onger be
abe to ca me your sweet Gnatty,f as you are used to
to vo uov. Tva tvapwv.
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D P D 0 1 .
to do. The good-natured young man, who was no stranger
to the power of ove, moved by hs bandshments and
tears, promsed to as Daphns of hs father, under pretence
of re urng hm for a save, but n reaty to be the favourte
of Gnatho. Then wshng to put hm n good sprts he
o ngy as ed whether he was not ashamed of ta ng a fancy
to a son of amon, a common goatherd at the same tme
mmc ng a feeng of dsgust at ran and goatsh smes.
Gnatho, who was we schooed n the ove-taes of my-
thoogy, whch he had heard at the tabes of u urous
profgates, began to dscourse very earnedy of the matters
reatng to hmsef and Daphns. overs, my master, are
not over nce wheresoever they see beauty, they own ts
nfuence and succumb to t some have faen n ove wth a
tree, some wth a rver, others wth a wd beast, now who
woud not commserate a over who stood n dread of the
ob ect of hs ove , however, am captvated by one who
though a save n hs condton, s worthy of beng a freeman
as regards hs beauty.
s har s e the hyacnth, and hs eyes spar e under
hs eye brows e gems set n a goden rng, hs face s
sufused wth a rosy hue of heath, hs mouth dspays teeth
as whte as vory. ho woud not wsh to snatch a ss
from such a mouth n ta ng a fancy to a shepherd do but
mtatet the gods, nchses ept o en and yet captvated
f a very dar hue. The oo s of Uysses are n two passages of
the dyssey compared to hyacnthne fowers. v. 231. . 1 8.
That Donysus n the vaeys green
nce tended ne, she never heard, ween
or nows that Cyprs on a cowherd doted,
nd on the Phrygan hs hersef devoted
To tend hs herd nor how the same Dons
n thc ets ss d, n thc ets wept, dons.
ho was ndymon hm tendng ne
tooped down to ss eene the dvne
ho from ympus to the atman grove,
Gded to sumber wth her morta ove.
Ddst not thou, hea. for a cowherd weep
nd ddst not thou, hgh eus the heaven sweep,
n form of wnged brd, and watch ndeed,
To carry off the cowherd Ganymede Chapman s Theoc.
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33 D P D C .
enus, ranchus was a goatherd and poo oved Mm.
Ganymede was a shepherd and was snatched away by up-
ter. et us not thn ghty of a youth, whose very goats
obey hm as though they were n ove wth hm and et us
be than fu to the eages for eavng such an mpersonaton
of beauty upon earth. styus aughed hearty at hearng
hm ta thus, and sayng that ove made fo s great orators,
promsed to ta e an opportunty of mentonng the sub ect
of Daphns to hs father. udromus overheard ther con-
versaton, and mmedatey gave nformaton of t to
Daphns and amon. e oved the young man because of
hs amabe dsposton, and coud not bear to thn that so
much beauty and worth shoud be sub ected to Gnatho s
drun en humours. Daphns n hs aarm determned ether
to fy from the country, ta ng Choe wth hm, or to destroy
hmsef and Choe at the same tme.
amon upon hs part caed Myrtae out of the house, and
e camed, my dear wfe, we are undone. t s tme
for us to dscover what we have so ong conceaed. ur
goats and a beongng to us w t s true now be deserted
but swear by Pan, and the ymphs, that even supposng
am mysef to be eft e an od o n the sta (as the
sayng s), w no onger eep the hstory of Daphns a
secret. w te how and where found hm e posed,
w e pan how he was nursed, and w shew the to ens,
whch were paced wth hm. That rascay Gnatho sha
now, to what manner of youth he, ve as he s, has ta en a
ng Ta e care to have everythng n readness
avng formed ths resouton, they went nto the house
agan. styus, n the mean tme, proceedng to hs father,
when he happened to be dsengaged, begged hs permsson
to ta e Daphns home wth them on ther return, aegng,
that so beautfu a youth was too good for hs present rustc
stuaton, and woud very soon under Gnatho s care ac ure
the posh of cty manners. s father wngy comped
wth hs re uest, and sendng for amon and Myrtae, com-
muncated to them as good news, that Daphns woud
henceforth wat upon .styus nstead of tendng goats, at
the same tme promsng them two goatherds to suppy hs
pace. t was then, as the attendants were crowdng round,
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D P T C . 337
and re ocng to hear that they were to have among them so
handsome a feow-save, that amon, havng re uested
eave to spea , thus addressed hs master. e peased,
master, to sten to an od man and hear the truth. swear
by Pan and the ymphs, that w not utter anythng
whch s fase. am not the father of Daphns, nor was
Myrtae so fortunate as to be hs mother. The parents
of ths youth, whoever they were, e posed hm n hs
nfancy perhaps, because, they had aready more chdren
than they new how to mantan. found hm yng on
the earth, and one of my she-goats nursng hm. hen
she ded, bured her n the border of my garden, feeng
a regard for her, nasmuch as she had done a mother s duty,
confess havng found varous to ens wth the nfant,
whch st preserve for they prove hm to be born to a
hgher staton than that whch he now fs wth me. am
not so hgh-mnded as to sght the offer of hs beng an
attendant on styus an e ceent servant to a vrtuous
and e ceent master: but cannot bear the dea of hs
beng a sport for the drun en hours of Gnatho, who woud
fan ta e hm to Mtyene, that he may be abused.
amon at the concuson of ths speech burst nto tears.
Gnatho began to buster, and threatened to str e hm, but
Donysophanes sterny frownng, ordered hm to be sent
and agan nterrogatng amon, urged hm to te the
truth, and not to nvent a tae merey to eep hs son
at home. hen amon contnued unsha en n hs asser-
tons, caed upon the gods to be hs wtnesses, and pro-
fessed hs readness to submt to torture, shoud be be
utterng a fasehood hs master, n the presence of Cea-
rsta, who sat by hm, began to test the probabty of the
tae, as foows. hat motve can amon have to te
a fasehood, when two goatherds are offered hm n eu of
one ow coud a pan rustc possby nvent such a
tae esdes, s t not atogether un ey that such an
od man and such a pan od woman can be the parents of
so handsome a son.
e determned to rest no onger upon mere con ectures,
but to e amne the to ens, and to see whether they bespo e
an ustrous brth. Myrtae had gone to fetch them, for
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338 D P D C .
they were preserved n an od bag. Donysophanes was the
frst to e amne them, and when he behed the purpe mante,
the goden casp, and tte sword wth the vory ht, he
e camed, ord upter and caed to Cearsta to come
and oo at them. hen Cearsta behed them, she
uttered a oud shre , and cred out, Te frendy ates,
are not these the very thngs, whch we e posed wth our
tte one, when we sent ophrosyne to eave hm n ths
part of the country they are none other, they are the very
same, my husband the chd s ours. Daphns s your son,
and he has been tendng hs own father s foc .
efore she had done spea ng, and whe Donysophanes
was ssng the to ens and sheddng tears of oy, sty-
us, who now understood that Daphns was hs brother,
threw off hs coa , and ran through the garden to gve hm
the frst saute. hen Daphns saw styus runnng
towards hm, foowed by many others, and heard them
cang out hs own name, he thought they were comng to
seze hm and carry hm off by voence. ccordngy he
threw down hs scrp, and hs ppe, and ran towards the
sea wth the determned resouton to throw hmsef nto t
from the top of a hgh roc : and perhaps (strange to say )
hs beng found woud have proved the occason of hs beng
ost for ever, had not styus percevng the occason of
hs aarm, caed out, top, stop, Daphns, am your
brother: and they, who have htherto been your masters,
are now your parents. amon has ust now gven us the
whoe account of the she-goat, and has shewn us the to ens,
whch were found wth you oo bac see wth what
cheerfu and smng faces they are comng towards you
rother, et me have the frst ss. swear by the ymphs,
am not decevng you.
ot wthout hestaton was Daphns nduced after ths
soemn asserton to pause, and wat for styus, whom he
receved wth a ss. he they were embracng, hs
father and mother wth amon and Myrtae and a the men
and mad servants came throngng up, threw ther arms
round hm, and ssed hm wth tears of oy. Daphns
affectonatey sauted hs father and mother before the rest,
and as though he had ong nown them, casped them to
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D P D C . 33
hs breast, and woud not dsengage hmsef from ther
embrace: so soon does natura affecton assert her
rghts.
or a tme even Choe was amost forgotten. fter
returnng to the farm, and puttng on a costy dress, he
sat down by hs rea father, who spo e to the foowng
effect.
My chdren, marred when very young and n a short
space of tme became as consdered mysef a very fortunate
father. rst a son was born to me, ne t a daughter,
and then you, my styus. thought my famy now arge
enough, for whch reason e posed Daphns, the boy who
was born n addton to the others, pacng wth hm these
ornaments, not as to ens, but to serve as funera weeds.
ortune had dfferent pans n vew. My edest son and
daughter ded of the same dsease n one day: but the pro-
vdence of the gods has preserved you, Daphns, that we
mght have an addtona stay n our od age. Do not bear
w towards me, from the remembrance of my havng
e posed you for dd not do so wth a wng mnd, nor
do you, styus, fee greved that you w now have a part
ony, nstead of the whoe of my estate for to a wse man
no weath s more vauabe than a brother. ove each
other and as for weath you sha be abe to ve even wth
prnces. sha eave to you e tensve ands, a number of
de terous servants, stores of god and sver, and whatever
ese forms the possesson of the prosperous. ny ths par-
tcuar estate reserve for Daphns, wth amon and Myr-
tae, and the goats whch he hmsef has tended.
efore he had fnshed spea ng, Daphns sprang from hs
seat, and sad, ather, you very seasonaby remnd me of
these matters. w go and ead my goats to water, they
must now be thrsty, and are no doubt watng to hear my
ppe, whe am sttng here. very one aughed at hearng
the master so wng to be st the goatherd. ne of the
servants was sent n pace of Daphns to tend the herd
whe he and the rest of the company, often sacrfcng to
ove the preserver, sat down together to a ban uet.
Gnatho was the ony one who dd not come to the enter-
tanment for beng under great aarm, he remaned a day
and nght n the tempe of acchus, as a suppant.
z 2
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340 D P TC D C .
The report that Donysophanes had found hs son,
and that Daphns the goatherd was now master of the
estate, havng soon spread abroad, eary the ne t mornng
numbers foc ed to the cottage from varous parts wth
congratuatons to the youth and gfts to the father.
Dryas the foster-father of Choe was among the frst who
arrved.
Donysophanes ept them a, after sharng of hs oy,
to parta e of an entertanment. tore of wne was pro-
vded, abundance of wheaten bread, wd fow, suc ng pgs,
and sweets of varous nds, and many vctms were sacr-
fced to the country s detes. Daphns coected a hs
pastora e upments, and dstrbuted them n separate offer-
ngs to the gods. To acchus he presented hs scrp, and
coat of s n. To Pan hs ppe and transverse-fute. To the
ymphs hs croo , and the m pas, whch he had made
wth hs own hands. The happness arsng from our
wonted condton s however so much greater than that
whch sprngs from une pected good fortune, that he coud
not refran from tears when partng wth each offerng. e
coud not suspend hs m pas n the grotto wthout once
more m ng nto them: nor hs coat of s n wthout once
more puttng t on: nor hs ppe wthout once more pay-
ng on t. e ssed each of them n turn he ta ed to hs
goats and caed them by ther names he dran from the
fountan because he had so often done so n company wth
Choe. t he dd not yet venture to decare hs ove, but
wated for a favourabe opportunty.
he Daphns was engaged n these regous ceremones,
the foowng crcumstances befe Choe. he was sttng
weepng and watchng her foc , and e camng (as was
natura) Daphns has forgotten me. e s dreamng of
some weathy match. To what purpose dd ma e hm
swear by hs goats nstead of by the ymphs he has de-
serted the former as we as me nor even when sacrfcng
to the ymphs and to Pan, has he had any desre to see hs
Choe. Perhaps among hs mother s watng women, he has
seen some gr preferabe to me. May he be happy s
for me sha not survve t.
he she was gvng utterance to these thoughts, amps
the herdsman wth a band of rustcs suddeny came up and
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D P D C . 341
sezed her. e conceved that Daphns woud no onger
marry her, and that Dryas woud be we content to have
hm as a son-n-aw. he she was beng borne off wth
tears and shre s, some one who had wtnessed the trans-
acton, hastened to nform ape: ape nformed Dryas,
and Dryas communcated t to Daphns. Dstracted at the
ntegence, afrad to e pan the crcumstance to hs father,
and unabe to restran hs own emotons, he betoo hmsef
to the outer garden-wa and there vented hs gref:
hat an unhappy dscovery of parentage, s mne how
much better woud t have been for me st to tend my
herds ow much happer was , when a save then
coud behod my Choe but now, amps has carred
her away ths very nght, perhaps, she w be hs wfe
n the mean tme am here, drn ng and feastng, and
have to no purpose sworn by Pan, by my goats, and by the
ymphs.
These words were overheard by Gnatho, who was ur ng
n the garden he consdered t a good opportunty for
effectng a reconcaton wth Daphns. ssembng some
youths, who wated upon styus, he pursued Dryas, whom
he desred to conduct them to the pace where amps dwet.
They overtoo hm ust as he was draggng Choe nto hs
house, rescued her from hm, and gave the country-feows,
hs companons, a sound drubbng. e was very desrous
aso to seze and bnd amps, and brng hm bac e a
prsoner of war, but the feow was too much for hm and
ran away.
avng accompshed ths e pot, he returned ust as nght
was comng on. Donysophanes had aready retred to
rest but fndng Daphns st up and weepng n the garden,
presented Choe to hm, and gave hm an account of the
whoe adventure, beseechng hm to bear no -w, but to
retan hn n hs servce, n whch he woud prove hmsef
of use, and not to bansh hm from hs father s tabe, whch
woud deprve hm of hs bread. hen Daphns saw Choe,
and once more had her n hs possesson, he forgave Gnatho,
because of hs good deed, and began to apoogze to the
maden for hs negect.
Upon hodng a consutaton, Daphns at frst resoved to
marry Choe prvatey, and to eep her n conceament,
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42 D P ns asd chob.
ma ng no one but her own mother ac uanted wth the
matter Dryas woud not concur n ths pan, he was for
communcatng every thng to Daphns s father, and hmsef
undertoo the tas of obtanng hs consent. ccordngy,
ta ng the to en wth hm n hs scrp, he went the ne t day
to Donysophanes and Cearsta, who were sttng n the
garden, n company wth styus and Daphns sence
ensued upon hs appearance, when he addressed them
thus:
The same necessty, whch nfuenced amon, now urges
me to pubsh crcumstances, whch htherto have remaned
secret. am not Choe s father nor was she n the frst
nstance brought up by me. ther persons were her parents,
and when yng n the grotto of the ymphs, a ewe became
her nurse. saw ths mysef, to my astonshment, and
under the power of ths feeng, adopted her. er beauty
confrms what say for she does not resembe ether me or
my wfe. These to ens, whch ewse found wth her,
prove the truth of my asserton, for they are too vauabe to
beong to any shepherd. amne them, endeavour to fnd
out the maden s reatves, and perhaps she w prove worthy
of your son.
Ths ast e presson was not thrown out undesgnedy by
Dryas: nor was t heard heedessy by Donysophanes, who
turnng hs eyes upon Daphns, and observng hm turn pae,
whe a tear stoe down hs chee s, easy dscovered the
youth s ove. Moved more by regard for hs own chd than
by any concern for the un nown maden, he weghed the
words of Dryas wth great attenton. fter vewng the
to ens produced before hm, the gt sandas, the an ets,
and the head-dress, he caed Choe to hm, and bd her ta e
courage, for she had aready got a husband, and most probaby
woud soon dscover her rea father and mother. Cearsta
now too her, and dressed her as became the ntended wfe
of her son. Donysophanes, n the mean tme, retred apart
wth Daphns, and n ured whether she was st a vrgn
and upon hs decarng that nothng had passed between
them, beyond sses and vows: peased wth ther mutua
oaths of fdety, he made them on the ban uet.
ow mght t be seen what beauty s when set off by the
accessores of ornament. Choe when rchy dressed, wth
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D P D C . 343
her har braded, and her face respendent from the bath,
appeared to a so much more beautfu than before, that
Daphns hmsef coud hardy recognze her. ny spec-
tator, even wthout nowng anythng about the to ens,
woud have sworn that Dryas coud not be the father of so
far a maden. evertheess he was nvted to the feast,
where he and ape, wth amon and Myrtae for ther
companons, recned on a separate couch.
n the foowng day vctms were agan sacrfced to the
gods bows were prepared, and Choe suspended her pas-
tora e upments her ppe, her scrp, her coa of goats n,
and her m pas. he aso mnged wne wth the waters
of the fountan n the grotto, because she had been suc ed
near t, and had so often bathed there, then she crowned
wth fowers the ewe s grave, whch Dryas ponted out to her.
he, too, pped once more to her foc , and havng done so,
prayed the ymphs that her parents mght prove worthy
of the unon of Daphns and hersef.
hen the party had had enough of ther rura festvtes,
they determned upon returnng to the cty, n order to try
and dscover Choe s parents, and no onger to defer the
marrage. y brea of day the ne t mornng they were
prepared for ther ourney. efore ther departure they
made Dryas a present of another three thousand drachmas
wth berty to reap haf the corn, and gather haf the grapes
annuay for hs own use they ewse gave hm the goats,
goatherds, four yo e of o en, and some wnter garments
hs wfe aso was presented wth her freedom.
fter ths they too the road to Mtyene, traveng n
grand stye wth horses and carrages. They arrved at the
cty by nght, and so for the tme escaped the notce of the
ctzens but eary the ne t day the doors were surrounded
by muttudes of men and women. The men congratuated
Donysophanes on havng found hs son, the more partcuary
when they saw hs beauty. The women gave Cearsta oy
at brngng wth her not ony her son, but ewse an
ntended brde. Choe e cted the admraton even of the
women, dspayng as she dd, charms whch coud not be
surpassed. The whoe cty was n a buste on account of
the youth and the maden, predctng aready that the mar-
rage woud be a happy one, and wshng that the parents
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344 D P D C 10 .
of the maden mght prove to be of a ran worthy of her
beauty. Many of the rchest ades prayed the gods that
they mght be reputed to be the mothers of so much ove-
ness.
Donysophanes, fatgued wth e cess of an ous thought,
fe nto a deep seep, durng whch he saw the foowng
vson. The ymphs appeared to be re uestng the god
of ove at ength to grant them hs consent to the cee-
braton of the marrage. ac enng the strng of hs bow,
and pacng t by the sde of hs uver, he addressed Dony-
sophanes, bddng hm to nvte those of hghest ran of
Mtyene to a ban uet, and when he had fed the ast
gobet, to e hbt the to ens before each of them, and then
to commence the hymenea song. fter what he had seen
and heard, Donysophanes arose n the mornng, and ordered
a magnfcent feast to be prepared, n whch a the decaces
whch the sea, the earth, the a es, and even the rvers coud
produce, were to be coected together. the chefs of
Mtyene were hs guests. hen nght was come, and when
the gobet was fed from whch to pour out the baton
to Mercury, a save brought forward the ornaments n a
sver vase, and hodng them n hs rght hand carred them
round, and dspayed them to a the vstors. o one
ac nowedged them, t Megaces, who, on account of hs
age, was honoured wth the hghest couch, recognsng
them, cred out wth a oud and anmated voce, hat
do see what has been the fate of my daughter s she
ndeed ave or dd some shepherd fnd these thngs, and
carry them away. Te me, pray, Donysophanes, where
dd you meet wth these to ens of my chd ow that
you have found your son, do not envousy begrudge me the
dscovery of my daughter.
Donysophanes re uested hm frst of a to gve them an
account of the e posure of hs daughter and Megaces n
the same oud and earnest tone reped, ormery my
ncome was very narrow, for had e pended my fortune n
vpt ar uv 7 yr ropac r fs ovrag
yr vtovrag fcrataav vc r pytupovry
rvfarf) orv o ov, on fvr aaaro o tov.
dyss. v. 13 .
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D P D C 10 . 34
e uppng choruses and fttng out gaeys. he my affars
were n ths condton had a daughter born. oath to brng
her up to the mseres of poverty, and nowng that there
are many who are wng to become even refuted parents,f
dressed her n these very to ens, and e posed her. he
was ad n the grotto of the ymphs, and commtted to
ther protecton. nce that tme weath began to pour n
upon me every day, when had no her to en oy t, for
was never so fortunate as to become the father even of
another daughter but, as f wshng to ma e a moc of
me, the gods are contnuay sendng dreams by nght,
sgnfyng, forsooth, that a ewe w ma e me father.
Upon ths Donysophanes caed out n a yet ouder tone
than Megaces, and sprngng from hs couch ed n Choe
sumptuousy dressed, e camng, Ths s the chd whom
you e posed. Ths maden, through the provdence of the
gods, was suc ed by a sheep, and preserved for you as
Daphns was reared by a goat, and saved for me. Ta e the
to ens, and your daughter ta e her, and bestow her as a
brde on Daphns. oth were e posed both have been
agan found by us, ther parents both have been under
the pecuar care of Pan, of the ymphs, and of the God
of ove.
Megaces at once assented, casped Choe to hs bosom,
and sent for hs wfe hode. They sept at the house that
nght, for Daphns had sworn by the gods that he woud
not part wth Choe even to her own father.
The ne t mornng they a agreed to return to the country:
ths was done at the entreaty of Daphns and Choe, who
were weary of ther so ourn n the cty and had formed a
scheme for ceebratng ther nuptas n a pastora manner.
Upon ther arrva at amon s cottage, they ntroduced
Dryas to Megaces, and ape was made nown to hode,
after whch the preparatons were made for the festva on
f opr yae a rpr pap aC arav oa. The busness of
the Choregus, or chorus master, was to defray the e penses of the
scenca representatons, and those of the soemn festvas the
Trerarch had to ft out a shp of war, the stte provdng ony the vesse
and the crew. oth offces nvoved of course very heavy e penses.
tat ortuna mproba noctu,
rrdens nuds nfantbus hos fovet omncs
nvovt ue snu dombus tunc porrgt ats. uv. v. 0 .
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34 D P D C .
a spendd scae. Choe was devoted to the guardanshp
of the ymphs by her father. e suspended the to ens,
among varous other thngs, as offerngs to them and
ncreased the s thousand drachmas, whch Dryas now
possessed, to ten thousand.
s the day was very fne, Donysophanes caused couches
of green eaves to be spread nsde the grotto, and a the
vagers were nvted and sumptuousy regaed. There
were present amon and Myrtae, Dryas and ape, Dorco s
nsmen, and Phetas wth hs sons Chroms and ycas-
num even amps, who had been forgven, was among the
guests. the amusements were, of course, as among
such merryma ers, of a rustc and pastora nd. eapng-
songs were sung and the o es of the vntage-season were
repeated. Phetas payed on the ppe, and amps on the
fute, whe amon and Dryas danced. Choe and Daphns
passed the tme n ssng. The goats came and grazed
near them, as f they aso were parta ers of the festva.
Ths was not very agreeabe to the danty cty fo s
Daphns, however, caed severa of them by name, gave
them some eaves, whch they eat out of hs hand, whe he
hed them by the horns, and ssed them.
ot ony now, but durng the remander of ther days,
Daphns and Choe ed a pastora fe, worshppng as ther
detes the ymphs, Pan, and the God of ove. Ther
foc s of goats and sheep were numerous, and ther favourte
food conssted of the fruts of autumn, and m . They
had ther frst-born, a boy, suc ed by a goat ther second,
a gr, was brought up by a ewe the former was named
Phopcemen, the atter gee.t n ths manner of fe,
and n ths spot, they ved to a good od age. They
adorned the grotto of the ymphs erected statues rased
an atar to Cupd the hepherd and nstead of a pne
reared a tempe for the habtaton of Pan, and dedcated t to
Pan the arror these names, however, were gven, and
these thngs done, n after years. t the tme we are
now spea ng of, when nght arrved, a the guests con-
ducted them to the brda chamber, some payng on the
ppe, some on the fute, some hodng arge torches and
upon arrvng at the door, they rased ther voces n harsh
over of the foc . over of the herd.
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D P D C . 347
and rugged tones, whch sounded more e a concert of fe-
ows brea ng up the ground wth mattoc s than a chorus of
human bengs sngng the nupta hymn. Daphns and
Choe, on ther part, went to bed n nature s own adorn-
ment, where they ssed and embraced each other, and
were as wa efu as the very ows. Daphns carred nto
practce the nstructons of hs preceptress ycamum, and
Choe earnt, for the frst tme n her fe, that a ther
dongs n the woods had been but so much chd s pay.
a arp rpavag y v avappr yvvvrte, o vf vaov d ovrg.
T D.
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C T T U .
.
don s stuated upon the coast of the ssyran sea t . /s the mother cty of the Phoencans, and ts nhabtants
were the founders of Thebes. t has a harbour of capacous
e tent, whch graduay admts wthn t the waters of the
sea t s doube, because, to the rght, a passage has been
dug nto an nner basn, whch ewse admts the sea n
ths manner the frst harbour becomes the entrance to a
second, whch affords a secure haven to vesses durng sum-
mer, whe n wnter they can rde at anchor safey n the
former. Upon arrvng here after encounterng a severe
storm, made than -offerngst on account of my preserva-
ton, to the goddess of the Phoencans, caed by the do-
M r p ov av r) tto , rfaav fog rar p. The mother-
cty, because of the many coones whch t sent out: on the founda-
ton of Thebes, Pny, . v, c. 1 , says: don, artfe vtr, Thebarum
oeotarum parens. e fnd n the crptures, that Tyre and don
were famous for wor s n god, embrodery, c, and whatsoever
regarded magnfcence and u ury. ee saah . ze . v.
v. The Phoencans were, n very eary tmes, ceebrated for mer-
chandse of every descrpton and ther country was usty consdered
the emporum of the ast. They were the earest navgators, and
ther s n shp-budng may be nferred from 1 ngs, v. .
Troope s omer.
w rrpa or aurr pa. acrfces and votve offerngs, made upon
escape from shpwrec
Me tabua sacer
otva pares ndcat uvda,
uspendsse potent
estmenta mars Deo. or. . d. v. 12.
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3 0 C T T U .
/
nans, starte. s was wanderng about the cty,
surveyng the votve offerngs n the tempes, saw a pant-
ng contanng a vew both of sea and and. uropat formed the sub ect, and the scene was ad party on the
Phoencan sea, party on the coast of don. n a meadow
was seen a band of madens a bu was swmmng n the
sea, drectng hs course towards Crete, and havng a far
damse seated upon hs bac . The meadow was dversfed
wth fowers nterm ed wth trees and shrubs the trees
were near to one another, and ther branches and eaves
unted so cosey overhead, as to form a cover for the fowers
beow. The artst had shewn great s n managng the
shade for the sun-rays were seen dspersedy brea ng
through the overarchng roof of eaves, and ghtng up the
meadow, whch, stuated as have sad, beneath a eafy
screen, was surrounded on a sdes by a hedge. Under the
trees, beds of fowers were ad out, n whch boomed the
narcssus, the rose, and the myrte. ubbng up from the
ground, a stream fowed through the mdst of ths enameed
meadow, waterng the fowers and shrubs and a gardener
was represented wth hs pc a e openng a channe for ts
course. The madens above mentoned were paced by the
panter, n a part of the meadow borderng upon the sea.
Ther countenances wore a mnged e presson of oy and
fear they had chapets upon ther heads, ther har fe
dsheveed about ther shouders ther egs were entrey
bare for a cncture rased ther garments above the nee
and ther feet were unsandaed ther chee s were pae and
contracted through aarm ther eyes were drected towards
the sea ther ps were sghty opened as f about to gve
vent to ther terror n cres ther hands were stretched out
towards the bu they were represented upon the verge of
the sea, the water ust comng over ther feet they appeared
The yran enus. enus uarta, yra, Tyro ue concepts
use starte vocatur, uam dond nupssse prodtum est. Cc. de
at. Deorum.
t vd. Met. . 844, and Mosehus, dy 2.
Compare a passage n ongus, . v., v ferwp f o a o
ovv tntrov d of, a srr arr P to ufag, o f v ro a
tovtuv pvat va r wg-
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C T T U . 3 1
eager to hasten after the bu, but at the same tme fearfu
of encounterng the waves. The coour of the sea was two-
fod: towards the and t had a ruddy hue farther out t
was dar bue foam aso, and roc s and waves were repre-
sented the roc s pro ectng from the shore, and whtened
wth foam, caused by the crests of the waves brea ng upon
ther rugged surface.
n the mdst of the sea, the bu was represented swm-
mng, the waves rsng n mountans from the moton of hs
egs. The maden was seated upon hs bac , not astrde,
but sdeways she grasped hs horn wth her eft hand, as a
charoteer woud hod the rens and the bu ncned. hs
head n that drecton, as f guded by her hand.
he was dressed n a whte tunc as far as her mdde, the
rest of her body was cothed n a purpe robe the whoe
dress, however, was so transparent t as to dscose the beau-
tes of her person. Tou coud dscern the deep-seated
nave, the we proportoned stomach, the narrow wast,
graduay wdenng unt t reached the chest, the genty
buddng breasts. These, as we as the tunc, were con-
fned by a cncture, and from ts transparency, the tunc be-
came, so to spea , a mrror to refect her person. oth her
hands were e tended, one towards the horn, the other
towards the ta and wth ether of them she hed an e -
tremty of the ve whch was e panded above her shouders,
and whch appeared n every part nfated by the artst s
panted wnd.
Thus seated upon the bu, the maden resembed a vesse
Mare purpureum. rg. G. , 373.
n de v., on hs mstress, nacreon says,
ro ffov to otov avrr v
rb r pf p 7rt7r of
o yov, to aup. ty ov.
uam castgate panus sub pectore venter. vd. m. . .
er danty paps, whch e young frut n May,
ow tte, gan to swe, and beng ted Through her thn weed, ther paces ony sgnfed. pencer.
Tremuhe snuautur famne vestes. vd. Met. . 87 .
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3 2 C T T U .
n fu sa, her ve servng for the canvass. Dophns f
eaped, oves sported round the bu you mght have sworn
that they moved nstnct wth fe. Cupd, n person, was
drawng on the bu Cupd, n guse of a tte chd, was
spreadng hs wngs, bearng hs uver, hodng hs torch, and
turnng towards ove, was archy aughng as f n moc ery
of hm, who, on hs account had become a bu.
admred every part of ths pantng, but my attenton
was more especay rvetted upon Cupd eadng forward the
bu and e camed, ow wonderfuy does a mere chd
ord t over heaven aud earth and sea
Upon ths, a young man, who happened to be standng near,
sad, can spea from e perence of the power of ove,
havng suffered so severey from hs caprces, Pray,
sad , what are the s whch you have suffered To
spea the truth, your countenance beto ens you to be not
unac uanted wth the mysteres of ths dety. Tou are
strrng up a whoe swarm of words, reped he, mystery
w sound e a fabe. n the name of upter and
ove hmsef, my good feow, re oned , do not hestate
to gratfy my curosty, however fabuous may seem your
story.
fter ths, ta ng hm by the hand, ed hm to a negh-
bourng grove, thc y panted wth pane trees, through
whch fowed a stream of water, cod and transparent as that
whch proceeds from newy meted snow. avng paced
hm upon a ow seat, sat down besde hm, and sad, ow
s the tme for hearng your tae ths spot s n every way
er robe nfated by the wanton breeze,
een d e a shp s sa hoverng o er the seas.
Moschus. Chapman s Tr.
rom ther sea-hoows swft the ereds rose,
eated on eas, and dd hs tran compose
Posedon went before, and smooth dd ma e
The path of waters for hs brother s sa e
round ther ng, n cose array, dd eep
The oud-voced Trtons, mnstres of the deep.
nd wth ther conchs procamed the nupta song. Moschus.
vvara ToaovTov, oaov ob ft C, part fv aro Uov,
paru aoTpwv, pare e Twv bfowv 0fwv. ongus. . .
a nrb v aravarp 8tv phv y abv v up. orn. . . 307.
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C T T T . 3 3
agreeabe and e acty suted for a ove story. Upon ths,
he began as foows:
am a natve of Phoenca, was born at Tyre, and am
named Ctopho my father s name s ppas ostratus
s the name of hs brother by the father s sde for the two
had dfferent mothers the atter havng a yzantan, the
former a Tyran ady for hs mother. ostratus aways
resded at yzantum, havng nherted arge property n
that cty from hs mother my father ved at Tyre. never
saw my mother, she havng ded durng my nfancy: after
her decease, my father marred a second wfe, by whom he
had a daughter named Cagone, whom he desgned to unte
to me n marrage. The w of the ates, however, more
powerfu than that of men, had n store for me a dfferent
wfe. ow, the Dety s often wont to revea the future to
mortas, n dreams by nght not n order that they may
ward off sufferng (for t s mpossbe to defeat destny f ),
but that they may bear more ghty ther oad of evs.
Caamty, when t comes suddeny and n a whoe battaon,
parayses, and, as t were, overwhems the sou by ts une -
pectedness, whereas when antcpated and dwet upon by
the mnd, the edge of gref becomes bunted. t was when
had reached the age of nneteen, and when my father was
preparng to have my marrage ceebrated, the foowng
year, that the drama of my fate began. Durng my seep,
methought had coaesced wth, and grown nto, the person
of a maden, as far as the mdde, and that from thence up-
ward we formed two bodes. ta and terrbe-oo ng
woman, savage n aspect, wth bood-shot eyes, nfamed
chee s, and sna y har, stood over us. n her rght hand
she hed a scmtar, n her eft, a torch. ngry rasng
her fachon, she et t fa e acty upon the ons where was
the uncture of our bodes, and severed the maden from
me. eapng up n terror, mentoned the dream to no
Pro mty by bood or consangunty was not, wth some few
e ceptons, a bar to marrage n any part of Greece drect nea
descent was. Thus brothers were permtted to marry wth ssters
even, f not born from the same mother, as Cmon dd wth pence.
ee epos, fe of Cmon. Det. of Gree and oman nt .
f Mopav ovrva /u r pvyfvov ffvm dvcpwv,
v a bv ov p v o() v, rr)v rarpura ytv ro orn. . v. 487.
2
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3 4 C T T U .
one, but foreboded ev n my own mnd. Meanwhe, a
messenger arrved from yzantum, brngng a etter from
my father s brother t contaned the foowng words : ostratus to hs brother ppas, sends greetng, My daughter eucppe, and my wfe Panthea, are on
ther way to you, for war has bro en out between the Thra-
cans and yzantans t t s concuded, eep under your
protecton those dearest ob ects of my affecton. arewe.
o sooner had my father read the etter than, rsng
from hs seat, he hurred down to the harbour and not ong
after returned, foowed by a number of mae and femae
saves, whom ostratus had sent wth hs wfe and daughter.
mong them was a ta ady, rchy dressed: whe oo ng
at her, remar ed at her eft hand, a maden, the beauty of
whose countenance at once dazzed my eyes she resembed
the uropa, whom, n the pcture had seen sttng upon
the bu. er spar ng eyes had a peasng e presson,
her har was goden-hued, short and curng, her eyebrows
were et bac , her chee s were far, save that n the mdde
they had a tnge borderng upon purpe, e that wth whch
the ydan women stan the vory f her mouth was e
the rose when t begns to bud. o sooner dd see her
than my fate was seaed for beauty nfcts a wound
sharper than any arrow, fndng a passage to the sou
through the eyes, for t s the eye whch ma es a way for the
wounds of ove. was overwhemed by confctng feengs
admraton, astonshment, agtaton, shame, assurance:
admred her fgure, was astonshed at her beauty my heart
paptated, gazed upon her wth assurance, yet was
Mt av oma yopybv w
t tpaafsvov ya vr). nacreon. .
agrabant umna mt
dspectu us ta. v. 2.
) ndum sanguneo veut voaverat ostro
us ebur
. . tas vrgo dabat ore coores. rg. . 7.
a og
avr anr uv araauv,
avr y s ov aravruv
. c ,c pov
a vp, a r rg ovaa. nacreon, .
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C T TTP . 3
ashamed at the dea of beng remar ed. endeavoured to
wthdraw my eyes from the maden they however were un-
wng to obey, and, foowng the fascnaton of her counte-
nance, n the end competey ganed the day.
Upon the arrva of the vstors, my father assgned a part
of the house for ther use, and then ordered the supper to
be prepared. t the apponted tme we recned by twos
on couches, for such was my father s order. e and were
n the centre, the two eder ades occuped the rght-hand
couch, the madens were to the eft. Upon hearng the
proposed arrangement was very near embracng my father,
for thus pacng the maden wthn my vew. s to what
ate, on my fath cannot te you, for was e a man eat-
ng n a dream a now s, that eanng upon my ebow,
and bendng forwards, my whoe attenton was gven to stea-
ng furtve gances at her ths was the sum tota of my sup-
per. hen the mea was ended, a save came n wth the yre
he frst ran over the strngs wth hs fngers, then sounded
a few chords n an under tone, and afterwards ta ng the
pectrum, began to pay, accompanyng the sounds wth hs
voce. The sub ect of hs stran was poo n hs rrta-
ton pursung the fyng Daphne, and upon the pont of
sezng her, how she was transformed nto a aure, and how
the god crowns hmsef wth ts eaves. The song had the
effect of addng fue to my fame, for amatory strans f act
as a powerfu ncentve to desre :. and however ncned a
person may be to chastty, e ampe serves as a stmuant to
mtaton, more especay when the e ampe s supped by
one n superor staton for the feeng of shame whch
was a chec upon dong wrong becomes changed nto as-
surance by the ran of the offender.
. ccordngy, thus reasoned wth mysef ee, poo
fas n ove, he s not ashamed of hs wea ness, he pursues
the far one and art thou a aggard and the save of shame vd. Met. . 4 2.
t con u uonam mea non potes esse,
rbor ers certe mea, d t. 7.
. . . uod enm non e ctet nguen
o banda et ne uam dgtos habet. uv. v. 1 .
t c natura abet: veoeus et ctus nos
Corrumpunt vtorum e empa domestca, magns
uum subeant amnos auctorbus. uv. v. 31.
2 2
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3 C T T U .
and -tmed contnence rt thou, forsooth, superor to a
god n the evenng the ades retred to rest frst, and
afterwards we ourseves. The others had confned the
peasures of the tabe to ther stomachs, t , for my part,
carred away the ban uet n my eyes had ta en my f of
the maden s sweet oo s, and, from the effect of merey
gazng upon her, rose from tabe nto cated wth ove
Upon enterng my accustomed chamber, seep was out of
the ueston. t s the aw of nature that dseases and
body wounds aways become e asperated at nght wheu
we are ta ng our rest ther strength ncreases, and the pan
becomes more acute, for the crcumstance of the body beng
n repose affords esure for the maady to do ts wor .
y the same rue, the wounds of the sou are much more
panfu whe the body s yng motoness n the day, both
the eyes and ears are occuped by a mutpcty of ob ects
thus, the sou has not esure to fee pan, and so the vo-
ence of the dsease s for a tme mtgated but et the
body be fettered by nactvty, and then the sou retans a
ts susceptbty, and becomes tempest-tossed by troube
the feengs whch were aseep then awa en. The mourner
fees hs gref, the an ous hs soctude, he who s n per
hs terrors, the over hs nward fame.
Towards mornng ove too compasson upon me, and
granted me some short repose but not even then woud the
maden be absent from my mnd eucppe was n a my
dreams, conversed wth her, payed wth her, supped
wth her, touched her far body n short, obtaned more
favours then than n the day-tme, for ssed her, and the
ss was reay gven. ccordngy, when the save awo e
me, cursed hm for comng so unseasonaby, and for ds-
gone homunoo d non faoerem Ter. unuchus.
use ad beatam vtam pertnent ventre metr. Cc. de at.
Deorum, . 40.
t vepara opuv tpunca, rd p r fara, rdc rcp o ac, cat tra
t rfepav obc rpatav ravra ovap rpa av. ongus, . .
as one who s awo e
y a dstant organ, doubtng f he be
ot yet a dreamer, t the spe s bro e
y the watchman, or some such reaty,
r by one s eary vaet s cursed noc . yron.
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C T T T . 3 7
spatng so sweet a dream gettng up, however, went out of my part of the house, and wa ed n front of the apart-
ment where the maden was wth my head hangng down
over a boo , pretended to be readng, but whenever
came opposte her door cast sdeong gances, and after
ta ng a few turns, and drn ng n fresh draughts of ove,
returned desperatey smtten three whoe days dd con-
tnue burnng wth ths nward fre.
had a cousn named Cnas, who had ost both hs
parents he was two years oder than mysef, and an adept
n matters of ove. e had a mae favourte, for whom hs
affecton was so strong, that when he had one day purchased
a horse, and the other admred t, he mmedatey presented
hm wth the anma. was aways o ng hm for havng
so much esure as to fa n ove, and for beng a save to
tender passons he used to augh and repy wth a sha e of
the head, Depend upon t the day of savery s n store for
you. e, proceedng to hs house, sauted hm, and
sttng down, sad, Cnas, am payng the penaty of my
former gbes am at ast mysef the save of ove Upon
hearng ths, he capped hs hands and aughed outrght
then rsng and ssng my face, whch bore traces of a
over s wa efuness, There s no doubt of your beng n
ove, sad he, for your eyes decare t.
he he was yet spea ng, Charces, hs favourte,
comes n hurredy and n great perturbaton, e camng,
My fate s seaed, Cnas th a tremuous voce, and
sghng as deepy as though hs own fe hung t upon that
of the youth, Cnas reped, pea out, your sence w
be my death say what gref assas you wth what adver-
sary have you to contend Charces re oned, My father
s negotatng a marrage for me, a marrage moreover wth
have done penance for contemnng ove
hose hgh mperous thoughts have punsh d me
th btter fasts, wth pententa groans, th nghty tears, and day heart-sore sghs: or n revenge of my contempt of ove, ove hath chac d seep from my enthraed eyes, nd made them watchers of mne own heart s sorrow.
ha speare.
ue tuo pendat resupn sprtus ore. uc. . 38
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3 8 C T T U .
an -favoured woman a doube ev therefore: even were
she comey, a femae woud be repusve to my taste, and
she becomes douby so, f ugy. My father, however, oo s
ony to money, and s therefore an ous for the match, so
that , such s my fate, am made the vctm of ths
woman s money am sod to be her husband. t Cnas
turned pae upon hearng ths announcement, and strongy
urged the youth to decne the match, bttery nveghng
aganst the race of woman nd. Tour father, forsooth,
woud have you marry pray what crme have you commt-
ted, that you shoud be gven over to such bondage Do
you not remember the words of ove
on of apetus, o er-subte, go,
nd gory n thy artfu theft beow
ow of the fre you boast by steath retrev d,
nd trumph n amghty ove decev d
ut thou too ate shat fnd the trumph van,
nd read thy foy n succeedng pan
Posterty the sad effect sha now,
hen n pursut of oy they grasp ther woe.
oman s a btter sweet n her nature she s a n to
the rens, for they too, say ther vctms wth a ducet
voce the very pomp and crcumstance of marrage
shews the magntude of the ev there s the dn of ppes,
the noc ng at the doors, the bearng about of torches.
th a ths nose and tumut, who w not e cam, Un-
happy s the man who has to wed to me, he seems e a
man ordered off to war. ere you unac uanted wth
cassc ore, you mght pead gnorance of women s dongs,
whereas you are so we read, as to be capabe of teachng
others. ow many sub ects for the stage have been furnshed
There was a proverb among the ancents, a aoaa a rup sot
yvvf a rpa.
rgentum accep, dote mperum vendd. Pautus.
esod. or s and Days, 7.
avrt a uv Tf ovr .
a og a v vrov og. oph. .T. 13 .
medo de fonte eporum
urgt amar a ud, uod n pss forbus angat. uc. v. 112 .
u from the fount of oy s decous sprngs,
ome btter o er the fowers ts bubbng venom fngs.
Chde arod.
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C T T T . 3
by woman nd Ca to mnd the nec ace of rphye, the
ban uet of Phomea, the caumny of thenoboea, the ncest
of erope, the murderous deed of Procne. Does gamem-
non sgh for the beauty of Chryses - he brngs pestence
upon the Grecan host does ches covet the charms of
rses he prepares msery for hmsef f Candaues has
a far wfe, that wfe becomes the murderess of her hus-
band The nupta torches of een f nded the fre
whch consumed Troy ow many sutors were done to
death through the chastty of Peneope Phoedra, through
ove, became the destroyer of ppoytus Cytemnestra,
through hate, the murderess of gamemnon a-auda-
cous race of women they dea death whether they ove
or hate The nobe gamemnon must needs de, he whose
beauty s descrbed to have been cast n a heaveny moud,
ove o er hs eyes ceesta gores spread,
nd dawnng con uest pay d around hs head.
and yet ths very head was cut off by a woman that
have been sayng reates ony to the handsome among the
se n ths case, then, there s a essenng of the ev, for
beauty s a paatve, and under such crcumstances a man
may be sad to be fortunate n the mdst of hs caamty but
f, as you say, the woman boasts no charms, why then the
ev becomes two-fod. ho woud submt n such a case,
especay who that s young and handsome e your-
sef n the name of the gods, Charces, do not stoop to
such a yo e do not mar the fower of your beauty before
the tme for remember, n addton to the other s of mar,
or the egends connected wth these varous names, the reader
s referred to nthon s emprere.
nd e another een, fr d another Troy. Dryden.
there s no moton
That tends to vce n man, but, affrm
t s the woman s part be t yng, note t,
The woman s fatterng, hers decevng, hers
ust and ran thoughts, hers, hers revenges, hers
mbtons, covetngs, change of prdes, dsdan,
ce ongngs, sanders, mutabty
fauts that may be named, nay, that he nows,
hy, hers, n part, or a but rather a. Cymbene.
omer. . 478. Pope s Tr.
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3 0 C T T .
rage, there s ths ev, t saps the vgour: do not, Charces,
pray, e pose yoursef to ths gve not the beauteous rose
to be puc ed by the -favoured rustc s hand.
eave ths matter, reped Charces, to the care of
the gods and of mysef the marrage w not ta e pace
for some days yet much may be done n a snge nght,
and we w deberate at our esure. Meanwhe, w go
and ta e a rde, for snce the day you gave me that fne
horse, have never made use of your nd present. th
these words he eft the house, tte magnng that ths hs
frst rde was to be hs ast. fter he was gone, reated
every partcuar to Cnas, descrbng how my passon
began the arrva, the supper, the beauty of the maden.
eeng, at ast, how absurdy was begnnng to ta ,
e camed, Cnas, can no onger endure ths msery.
ove has assaed me wth such voence as to drve seep
from my eyes see no ob ect but eucppe no one can
suffer e mysef, for the sour.ce of my troube dwes wth
me under the same roof.
hat foy t s, reped Cnas, for you who are so
fortunate n ove to ta after ths fashon Tou have no
need to go to another person s doors you do not re ure a
go-between fortune gves the oved ob ect nto your hands-,
brngs her nto your very house, and there sets her down.
ther overs are we content wth catchng a gmpse of
the maden for whom they sgh, and to gratfy ther eyes s
wth them no sma good fortune they consder themseves
most favoured, ndeed, f they can now and then e change a
word wth ther mstress. ut what s your case Tou
contnuay see her, you contnuay hear her voce, you
sup wth her, you drn wth her and yet, fortunate that
you are, you are companng Tou are guty of base
ngrattude towards ove, and wthout the sghtest cause.
Do you not now that seeng the ob ect whom you ove
gves far deeper peasure than en oyng her t nd why
so ecause the eyes, when encounterng each other,
emper conservam dom
debt, eoo uetur, adert una n uns tedbus
Cbum nonnun uam capet eum ea. Ter. un.
The ovey toy so fercey sought,
ath ost ts charm by beng caught. yron.
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C T T T . 3 1
receve body mpressons, as n a oo ng-gass, and the
refecton of beauty gancng nto the sou, begets unon
even n separaton, and affords a peasure not much nferor
to corporea ntercourse, whch, after a, s hoow and
unsatsfyng. f augur, moreover, that you w soon obtan
the ob ect of your wshes, for to be aways n the socety of
the oved one, e erts a most persuasve power the eye s a
wondrous vehce of ove, and constant ntercourse s most
nfuenta n begettng ndy feengs. abt and the
company of each other w tame savage beasts. ow much
more w they act upon a woman s heart. Party of age
aso has great weght wth a maden, and the anma passon
whch s fet n the fower of youth, added to the conscous-
ness of beng oved, very fre uenty ca forth a return of
tender feeng. very maden wshes to be thought beau-
tfu, and e uts n beng oved and approves the testmony
borne by the over to her beauty because, f no one ove
her, she beeves hersef devod of any persona charms.
Ths one pece of advce gve you, ma e her fee certan
that she s beoved, and she w soon foow your e ampe n
returnng your affecton.
nd how, as ed , s ths sage orace of yours to be
accompshed Put me n the rght way you are more
e perenced than mysef you have been onger ntated n
the mysteres of ove. hat am to do hat am to
say ow am to obtan her for whom sgh or my
part am gnorant how to set about the wor .
There s sma need, reped Cnas, to earn these
matters from the mouths of others. ove s a sef-taught
master of hs craft. o one teaches new-born babes
where to fnd ther food they have aready earnt by n-
tuton, and now that a tabe has been spread for them by
nature n ther mothers breasts. n e manner, the youth
who for the frst tme s pregnant wth ove, needs no
teachng to brng t to the brth ony et your pans have
rv / v v aroorao.
f e uc uam uonam nh nde abradere possont
ee penetrare, et abre n corpus eorpore toto. uc. v. 100 .
Conveyng as the eectrc wre,
e now not how, the absorbng fre. yron.
auroc a rog, yap arv 0 f ao pnrr .
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8 2 C T T U .
come on, and your hour have arrved, and though t be for
the frst tme, you w not mscarry, but w be safey
brought to bed, mdwfed by the god hmsef. w, how-
ever, gve you a few common-pace hnts reatng to matters
whch re ure genera observance. ay nothng to the
maden drecty bearng upon ove prosecute the wshed-for
consummaton uety. Touths and madens are a e sen-
sbe of shame, and however much they may ong for se ua
en oyment, they do not e to hear t ta ed of they
consder the dsgrace of the matter to be atogether n the
words. Matrons ta e peasure even n the words.
maden w show no ob ecton to acts of daance upon her
over s part, but w e press her wngness by sgns and
gestures yet f you come drecty to the pont, and put the
ueston to her, your very voce w aarm her ears she
w be suffused wth bushes she w turn away from your
proposas she w thn an nsut has been done her and
however wng to compy wth your desres, she w be
restraned by shame for the peasurabe sensatons e cted
by your words w ma e her consder hersef to be sub-
mttng to the act. ut when by other means you have
brought her to a compant mood, so that you can approach
her wth some degree of freedom, be as wse and guarded
as though you were ceebratng the mysteres genty ap-
proach and ss her: a ss gven by a over to a wng
mstress s a sent way of as ng for her favours and the
same gven to the far one who s coy, s a suppcaton to
reent. ven when madens are themseves ready to com-
py, they often e some appearance of force to be em-
poyed, for the pea of seemng necessty w remove the
shame of vountary compance upon ther part. Do not be
dscouraged f she repuses your advances, but mar the
The festvas caed Mysteres too pace at nght, or n secret,
wthn some sanctuary, whch the unntated were not aowed to
enter. ee Dct, of Gree and om. nt .
Pugnabt prmo fortasss, et mprobe, dcet.
Pugnando vnc sed tamen a voet.
vd, de rt. man. 1. .
t ho stens once w sten twce
er heart, be sure, s not of ce,
nd one refusa no rebuff. yron.
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C T T T . 3 3
manner of her repuse: a these matters re ure tact. f
she perssts n beng uncompant, use no force for she s
not yet n the rght humour but f she show sgns of
yedng, act st wth proper cauton, east after a you
shoud ose your abour.
Tou have gven me storef of good advce, sad , and
may everythng turn out successfuy nevertheess sady
fear that success w prove the begnnng of even greater
caamty, by ma ng me more desperatey n ove. hat
am to do f my maady ncrease cannot marry, for
am aready engaged to another maden my father, too, s
very urgent wth me to concude the match, and he as s
nothng but what s far and reasonabe. e does not
barter me away e Charces for god he does not wsh
me to marry ether a foregner or an ugy gr he gves me
hs own daughter, a maden of rare beauty, had not seen
eucppe but now am bnd to a other charms e cept-
ng hers, n short, have eyes for her aone. am paced
mdway between two contendng partes ove on one sde,
my father on the other the atter weds hs paterna
authorty, the former sha es hs burnng torch how am
to decde the cause tern necessty and natura affecton
are opposed. ather, wsh to gve a verdct for you, but
have an adversary too strong for me he tortures and
overawes the udge, he stands besde me wth hs shafts
hs arguments are fame. Uness decde for hm, hs fres
w scorch me up.
he we were thus dscussng the sub ect of the god of
ove, a save of Charces suddeny rushed n bearng hs
ev tdngs on hs face so pany, that Cnas mmedatey
opr yr cov t)v vro pav fr aro aa gov to papa. The an-
guage s fguratve and borrowed from customs reatng to the drama.
f a poet wshed to brng out a pece, he apped to the archon to grant
hm a chorus opov oova) hence the phrases opbv arv,
apf3avuv, to appy for and to succeed n the appcaton. Ths w
e pan the above e presson dffoMaa ro pafa, to fa n obtanng
through want of mert.
fo a.
t z., hs own mnd dstracted between the soctatons of hs
father and the arguments of ove.
Tot me mpedunt curss, use meum anmum dverse trahunt.
Ter. ndr.
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3 4 C T T U .
cred out, ome accdent has befaen Charces. Cha-
rces, hasty e camed the save, s dead. Utterance
faed Cnas, upon hearng ths, he remaned wthout the
power of moton, as f struc by ghtnng. The save pro-
ceeded to reate the sad partcuars. Charces, he sad,
after mountng, went off at a moderate pace, then after
havng had two or three gaops, pued up, and st sttng
on the anma, wped off from ts bac the sweat, eavng
the rens upon ts nec . There was a sudden nose from
behnd, and the started horse rearng bounded forward and
dashed wdy on. Ta ng the bt between hs teeth, wth
nec thrown up and tossng mane, maddened wth frght,
he few through the ar.t uch was hs speed, that hs
hnd feet seemed endeavourng to overta e and pass the
fore feet n the race and owng to ths rvary of speed
between the egs, the anma s bac rose and fe as does a
shp when tossng upon the bows. scatng from the
effect of these wave- e movements the wretched Char-
ces was tossed up and down e a ba upon the horse s
bac , now thrown bac upon hs croup, now ptched forward
upon hs nec . t ength overmastered by the storm, and
unabe to recover possesson of the rens, he gave hmsef
up to ths whrwnd of speed, and was at ortune s mercy.
The horse st n fu career, turned from the pubc road,
nd, startng to each accent, sprang
s from a sudden trumpet s cang. yron,
t way, away, my steed and ,
Upon the pnons of the wnd,
human dwengs oft behnd
e sped e meteors through the s y. yron.
t fet as on a pan at sea,
hen a the waves that dash o er thee,
t the same tme upheave and whem,
nd hur thee towards a desert ream.
My unduatng fe was as
The fanced ghts that fttng pass
ur shut eyes n deep mdnght, when
ever begns upon the bran. yron.
t must be remembered that throughout ths descrpton the
e pressons are borrowed from a storm at sea. n ustraton occurs
n oph. v. ectra 72 and 733. navayav nr ue v. v uv ,
t mrov.
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C T T U . 3
made for a wood, and dashed hs unhappy rder aganst a
tree. Charces was shot from off hs bac as from an
engne, and hs face encounterng the boughs, was acerated
wth a wound from every agged pont. ntanged by the
rens, he was unabe to reease hs body, but was dragged
aong upon the road to death for the horse, yet more
affrghted by the rder s fa, and mpeded by hs body,
c ed and tramped the mserabe youth who was the
obstace to hs farther fght and such s hs dsfgurement
that you can no onger recognze hs features.
fter stenng to ths account, Cnas was for some
moments speechess through bewderment, then awa enng
from hs trance of gref, he uttered a percng cry, and was
rushng out to meet the corpse, foowng and dong my
best to comfort hm. t ths nstant the body of Charces
was borne nto the house, a wretched and ptabe sght, for
he was one mass of wounds,t so that none of the bystanders
coud restran ther tears. s father ed the strans of
amentaton, and cred out, My son, n how dfferent a
state hast thou returned from that n whch thou ddst eave
me betde a horsemanshp ether hast thou ded
by any common death, nor art thou brought bac a corpse
comey n thy death others who de preserve ther we-
nown neaments, and though the vng beauty of the
countenance be gone, the mage s preserved, whch by ts
mmc ry of seep consoes the mourner. n ther case,
ach moton whch made to free
My swon mbs from ther agony
ncreased hs fury and affrght. yron.
Totum est pro corpore vunus. ucan s. 814.
e who hath bent hm o er the dead
re the frst day of death s fed,
( efore decay s effacng fngers
ave swept the nes where beauty ngers),
nd mar ed the md angec ar
The rapture of repose that s there,
The f d yet tender trats that strea
The anguor of the pacd chee .

e st mght doubt the tyrant s power
o far, so cam, so softy sea d,
The frst, ast oo by death revea d. yron.
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3 C T U8.
death has ta en away the sou, but eaves n the body the
sembance of the ndvdua: n thy case, fate has destroyed
both, and, to me, thou hast ded a doube death, n sou and
body, so uttery has even the shadow of thy eness
pershed Thy sou has fed, and fnd thee no more, even
m body h, my son, when sha be now thy brda day
hen, -starred horseman and unwedded brdegroom,
when sha be the oyous nupta festvtes The tomb
w be thy brda bed, death thy partner, a drge thy
nupta song, wang thy strans of oy thought, my
son, to have nded for thee a very dfferent fame, but
crue fate has e tngushed both t and thee, and n ts
stead ghts up the funera torch. h, uc ess torch
bearng, where death presdes and ta es the pace of mar-
rage
Thus bttery dd the father bewa the oss of hs son,
and Cnas ved wth hm n the e presson of hs gref,
brea ng forth nto soo uy. have been the death of
hm who was master of my affecton hy was so -
advsed as to present hm wth such a gft Coud not have
gven hm a goden bea er, out of whch, when pourng a
baton, he mght have drun , and so have derved peasure
from the gft nstead of dong ths, wretch that was,
bestowed upon ths beauteous youth a savage brute, and
moreover dec ed out the beast wth a pectora and frontet
and sver trappngs.t Tes, Charces, dec ed out your
murderer wth god Thou beast, of a others most ev,
ruthess, ungratefu, and nsensbe to beauty, thou hast
actuay been the death of hm who fonded thee, who wped
away thy sweat, promsed thee many a feed, and prased the
swftness of thy pace nstead of goryng n beng the
bearer of so far a youth, thou hast ungratefuy dashed hs
beauty to the earth oe s me, for havng bought ths
homcde, who has turned out to be thy murderer
o sooner were the funera obse ues over, than hastened
to the maden, who was n the peasance beongng to the
n eodoras, . . Theagenes and Charces e press ther gref
n smar anguage.
Menton of these dfferent ornaments occurs n en. Cyrop. . v
c. 4, sec 1.
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C T T T . 3 7
house. t conssted of a grove, whch afforded a deghtfu ob ect to the eyes around t ran a wa, each of the four
sdes of whch had a coonnade supported upon pars, the
centra space beng panted wth trees, whose branches were
so cosey nterwoven, that the fruts and foage nter-
mnged n frendy unon. Cose to some of the arger
trees grew the vy and the convovuus the atter hangng
from the pane-trees, custered round t, wth ts decate
foage the former twnng round the pne, ovngy em-
braced ts trun , so that the tree became the prop of the
vy, and the vy furnshed a crown for the tree. n
ether sde were seen u urant vnes, supported upon
reeds these were now n bossom, and hangng down from
the ntervenng spaces were the rngets of the pant t
whe the upper eaves, agtated by the breeze and nter-
penetrated by the rays of the sun, caused a uverng
geam to fa upon the ground, whch partay ghted
up ts shade. owers aso dspayed the beauty of
ther varous hues. The narcssus, the rose, and voet,
mngng together, mparted a purpe coour to the earth
the cay of both these fowers was a e n ts genera
shape, and served them for a cup the e panded rose-eaves
were red and voet above, m y whte beow, and the nar-
cssus was atogether of the atter hue the voet had no
cay , and ts coour resembed that of the sea when under
the nfuence of a cam. n the mdst of the fowers bubbed a fountan, whose waters receved nto a s uare basn, the wor of art, served the fowers for ther mrror, and gave
a doube appearance to the grove, by addng the refecton
to the reaty. ether were there wantng brds: some of
a domestc nd, reared by the care of man, were feedng n
the grove whe others, en oyng ther berty of wng, few
and dsported themseves among the branches. The song-
sters were grasshoppers and swaows, of whch the one
ee the descrpton of the garden n the 3rd oo of ongus.
v foorpv og ro p r
The shr ccaas, peope of the pne,
Ma ng ther summer ves one ceaseess song. yron.
The swaow was generay consdered the representatve of what
was barbarc, chatterng, and troubesome. ee rstoph. rogs, 4 ,
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3 8 C T T T .
ceebrated the rsng of urora, the other the ban uet of
Tereus. Those of a domestc nd were the peacoc , the
swan, and the parrot the swan was feedng near the foun-
tan a cage suspended from a tree contaned the parrot
the peacoc drew after hm hs spendd tran nor was t
easy to decde whch surpassed the other n beauty, the
tnts of the fowers themseves, or the hues of hs fower-
e feathers.
eucppe happened at ths tme to be wa ng wth Co,
and stopped opposte the peacoc who was ust then spread-
ng hs tran, and dspayng the gorgeous semcrce of hs
feathers. shng to produce amorous sensatons n her
mnd, addressed mysef to the save atyrus,f ma ng
the peacoc the sub ect of our dscourse. The brd,
sad, does not do ths wthout desgn he s of an amorous
nature, and aways bedec s hmsef n ths manner when he
wshes to attract hs favourte mate. Do you see, added,
(pontng n the drecton) the femae, near the pane-tree
yonder t s to her that he s now dspayng the
enameed meadow of hs pumes, and ths meadow of hs
s assuredy more beautfu than any mead n nature, each
pume has n t a spot of god, and the god s encrced by
a purpe rng, and so n every pume there s seen an eye.
atyrus ready comprehended the drft of my dscourse, and
n order to gve me scope for contnung the sub ect, he
as ed whether ove coud possby possess such power as to
transmt hs warmth even unto the wnged trbes Tes,
reped, not ony unto them for there s no marve n ths,
snce he hmsef s wnged but aso nto reptes and wd
and u sch. g. 1017, nevertheess s ntroduced by Mosehus, n hs
ament for on:
or on ther mountan thrones,
The swaows utter such ugubrous tones.
Chapman s Tr.
The reader w ca to mnd the ne n Gray.
The swaow twtterng from the straw-but shed.
The chrpng nose of the ccada (tstt ) s constanty used by the
poets as a sme for sweet sounds.
.... pecta pandat spectacua cauda. or. . . 2. 2 .
Gavest thou the goody wngs unto the peacoc s
ob . 13.
Co and atyrus, saves not mentoned before.
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C T T U . 3

beasts and pants nay, n my opnon even unto stones.

The magnet, for nstance oves the ron, and upon the frst
sght and touch draws that meta towards t, as f contanng
wthn tsef the fre of ove. s there not n ths, a man-
fest embrace between the amorous stone and the ron the
ob ect of ts affecton Phosophers, moreover, te, con-
cernng pants, what shoud deem an de tae were t not
confrmed by the e perence of husbandmen. They man-
tan that one pant becomes enamoured of another, and that
the pam s most sensbe of the tender passon there are, you must now, mae and femae pams supposng the
femae s panted at a dstance from t, the mae droops and
wthers the husbandman upon seeng ths, easy under-
stands the nature of the maady, and ascendng an emnence
he observes n what drecton the tree ncnes whch s
aways towards the beoved ob ect havng ascertaned ths
pont, he empoys the foowng remedy: ta ng a shoot
from the femae he nserts t nto the very heart of the
mae ths mmedatey revves t, and bestows new fe
upon ts sn ng frame, so that t recovers ts prstne
vgour and ths arses from deght n embracng ts
beoved such are the oves of the pants.f
The same hods true concernng streams and rvers aso
for we hear of the oves of the rver pheus and the c-
an fountan rethusa. Ths rver ta es ts course through
the sea as through a pan, and the sea nstead of mpreg-
natng t wth ts satness, dvdes and so affords a passage
for the rver, performng the part of brdesman, by con-
ductng t to rethusa when, therefore, at the ympc
estva, persons cast varous gfts nto the channe of ths
ee erod. . oh. 1 4.
vunt n enerem frondes omns ue vcssm
e arbor amat mutant ad mutua panse
oedera, popueo suspr.t popuus ctu,
t patan patans, ano ue assbat anus. Caudan.
ee aso Darwn s poem, the otanc Garden.
. . . . pheum fama est hue ds amnem
ceutas egsse vas subter mare u nunc
re, rethusa, tuo cus confundtur unds.
rg. - n. . 4.
Uf ro .
2b
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870 T T T7 .
rver, t mmedatey bears them to ts beoved, these beng
ts nupta gfts. yet stranger mystery of ove s seen
n reptes, not merey n those of e race, but of dfferent
nd. The vper t conceves a voent passon for the am-
prey, whch though n form a serpent, s to a ntents and
purposes a fsh. hen these reptes wsh to copuate, the
vper goes down to the shore and hsses n the drecton of
the sea, whch s a sgna to the amprey she understands
the sound, and ssues from the water, but does not mme-
datey hasten to her over, nowng that he carres deady
oson n hs teeth, but gdng up a roc , there wats unt
e has ceansed hs mouth. fter oo ng at one another
for a space, the ovng vper vomts forth the poson so
dreaded by hs mstress, and she upon percevng ths,
descends and entwnes hm n her embrace, no onger
dreadng hs amorous bte.
Durng my dscourse, ept observng eucppe to see
how she too these amatory topcs, and she gave nd-
catons that they were not dspeasng to her. The dazzng
beauty of the peacoc whch ust now mentoned seemed
to me far nferor to her attractons ndeed the beauty of
her countenance mght ve wth the fowers of the meadow
the narcssus was respendent n her genera compe on,
the rose bushed upon her chee , the dar hue of the voet
spar ed n her eyes, her rngets cured more cosey than
do the custers of the vy her face, therefore, was a refe
of the meadows. horty after ths, she eft the peasance,
t beng tme for her to practse upon the harp. Though
absent she appeared to me st present, for her form and
features remaned mpressed upon my eyes.
atyrus and congratuated each other upon our mutua
performances. for the sub ects had chosen, he for havng
gven me the opportunty of dscussng them. upper- tme
soon arrved and we recned at tabe as before.
va
n account of the oves of the vper and the amprey w be
found n an, . . and the pote consderaton of the former
n gettng rd of hs dsagreeabe uates s reated by the same
wrter, . . , wth the addton of hs hssng an amorous ar.
The same comparson occurs n rsteenetus, . p. 1 : yvv
ouct uftv, ecu fftp tutvf rd dv8 , TovTo yt ravry To cdMoc.
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C T T T . 371
.
Pbettotts to ths, however, atyrus and , prasng our
mutua tact, proceeded to the maden s chamber, under the
prete t of hearng her performance on the harp, but n
reaty because coud not bear her to be out of my
sght, for however short a space. The frst sub ect of her
song was, the engagement between the on and the boar,
descrbed by omer afterwards she chose a tenderer
theme, the prases of the rose.
Dvested of ts poetc ornaments,f the purport of the
stran was ths: ad ove wshed to mpose a monarch
upon the fowers, ths honor woud have been gven to the
rose, as beng the ornament of the earth, the boast of
shrubs, the eye of fowers, mpartng a bush to the mea-
dows and dazzng wth ts beauty. The rose breathes of
ove, concates enus, gores n ts fragrant eaves, e uts
n ts tender sta s, whch are gaddened by the ephyr.
uch was the matter of the song. or my part, seemed
to behod a rose upon her ps, as though the cay of the
fower had been converted nto the form of the human
mouth. he had scarcey ended when the supper hour
arrved. t was then the tme of ceebratng the estva of
acchus, patron of the vntage, whom the Tyrans
. v. 823.
s when the on and the sturdy boar,
Contend n batte on the mountan tops
or some scant rvuet whch both desre,
re ong the on ues the pantng boar. Cowper s Tr.
afcra, sgnfy propery, the changes and nfectons n a pece of
musc
The rose, of fow rs th enchantng prde
The rose s prng s enchantng brde
The rose of every god s the oy
th roses Cytherea s boy,
hen, dancng, he d some Grace ensnare,
dorns the ove-nets of hs har.
nacreon. v. ddson s Tr.
rporpvyaov ovvaov.
2 2
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372 C T T U .
esteem to be ther god, uotng a egend of Cadmus whch
attrbutes to the feast the foowng orgn: nce upon a
tme, mortas had no such thng as wne, nether the bac
and fragrant nd, nor the ban, nor the Maronsean,
nor the Chan, nor the caran a these they mantan
came orgnay from Tyre, ther nventor beng a Tyran.
certan hosptabe neatherd (resembng the thenan
carus, who s the sub ect of a very smar story) gave
occason to the egend whch am about to reate. acchus
happened to come to the cottage of ths countryman, who
set before hm whatsoever the earth and the abours of hs
o en had produced. ne, as observed, was then un nown,
e the o en, therefore, ther beverage was water.
acchus than ed hm for hs frendy treatment and pre-
sented to hm a ovng cup, t whch was fed wth wne.
avng ta en a hearty draught, and becomng very ova
from ts effects, he sad: hence, stranger, dd you pro-
cure ths purpe water, ths decous bood t s ute
dfferent from that whch fows aong the ground for that
descends nto the vtas, and affords cod comfort at the
best whereas ths, even before enterng the mouth, re oces
the nostrs, and though cod to the touch, eaps down nto
the stomach and begets a peasurabe warmth. To ths
acchus reped, Ths s the water of an autumna frut,
ths s the bood of the grape, and so sayng, he conducted
the neatherd to a vne, and s ueezng a bunch of grapes
sad, here s the water, and ths s the fountan from
whence t fows. uch s the account whch the Tyrans
gve as to the orgn of wne.
The wne of most eary ceebrty was that whch the mnster of
poo, Maron, who dwet upon the s rts of Thracan smarus gave
to Uysses. t was red and honey-sweet so precous, that t was
un nown to a n the manson save the wfe of the prest and one
trusty house eeper so strong, that a snge cup was m ed wth
twenty of water so fragrant, that even when thus duted t dffused
a dvne and most temptng perfume.
ee dyss. s. 203. Det. of Gree and oman nt .
v a p or oav.
. ... 0 ths s from above a stream
f nectar and ambrosa, a dvne d. . . 3 , Cowper.
e washed hs garments n wne, and hs cothes n the bood of
grwpe. Gen. . 11.
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C T T T . 373
t was, as before sad, the festva of ths dety whch
was beng ceebrated. My father an ous to do everythng
handsomey, had made grand preparatons for the supper,
and there was set n honor of the god, a magnfcent gobet
of crysta, n the beauty of ts wor manshp second ony
to that of the Chan Gaucus.f nes seemngy growng
from wthn encrced t, and ther custers hung down a
around as ong as the gobet remaned empty each grape
appeared unrpe and green but no sooner was the wne
poured n than each grape began to redden, and assumed
the hue of rpeness and among them was represented ac-
chus hmsef as dresser of the vneyard. s the feast went
on, and the good wne dd ts offee, began to cast bod
awess gances at eucppe for ove and acchus are two
very potent detes, they ta e possesson of the sou and
so nfame t that t forgets every restrant of modesty the
one ndes n t a fame, and the other suppes fue for the
fre, for wne may truy be caed the meat and drn of
ove. The maden aso became graduay embodened so as
to gaze at me more f edy. n ths manner, ten days
passed on wthout anythng beyond gances beng nter-
changed between us.
t ength mparted the whoe affar to atyrus, re uest-
ng hs assstance he reped, new t a before you
tod me, but was unwng that you shoud be aware of the
fact, supposng t your wsh to reman unobserved for very
often he who oves by steath hates the party who has ds-
va ov opapvyvg. erodotus, . 24, uses the word vc og, to
descrbe the cear transparent stone, supposed to be renta aabaster,
used by the gyptans to encose ther mummes.
The transaton of ths passage foows osn s readng. or
a menton of the cup of Gaucus, see erod. . 2 . Mr. a esey,
n hs dton remar s, that r) av ov r v , was n the tme of
Pato (Phsedon, 132) a proverba one, apped to everythng re urng
an e traordnary amount of s .
he enus fs the heart . . .
Ceres presents a pate of of vermce,
or ove must be sustan d e fesh and bood,
he acchus pours out wne or hands a ey. yron.
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374 C T T U .
covered hs passon, and consders hmsef to have receved
an nsut from hm. owever, contnued he, fortune has
provded for our contngences, for Co, eucppe s chamber-
mad, has an understandng wth me, and admts me as her
over. w graduay buy her over to gve us her assst-
ance n ths affar but you, on your part, must not be con-
tent wth ma ng tra of the maden merey by gances
you must spea to her and say somethng to the pont,
then ta e a farther step by touchng her hand, s ueezng
her fngers, and fetchng a deep sgh f she permts ths
wngy, then saute her as the mstress of your affectons,
and mprnt a ss upon her nec . y Paas, you counse
wsey, was my repy, but fear me, sha prove but a
craven wrester n the schoo of ove.
The god of ove, sad he, has no noton of craven- heartedness do you not see n what war e guse he s
e upped e bears a bow, a uver, arrows, and a ghted
torch, embems a of them, of manhood and of darng.
ed, then, as you are wth the nfuence of such a god,
are you a coward and do you trembe eware of shewng
yoursef merey a counterfet n ove. w ma e an open-
ng by cang away Co, as soon as an opportunty occurs
for your havng a prvate conversaton wth eucppe.
th these words he eft the room e cted by what he
had sad, was no sooner aone, then used every endea-
vour to coect my courage for the approachng ntervew.
Coward, sad , how ong wt thou contnue sent
Thou, the soder of such a war e god, and yet a craven.
Dost thou ntend to wat unt the maden comes to thee
of her own accord fterwards proceeded, and yet
foo that thou art, why not come to thy senses hy not
bestow thy ove upon a awfu ob ect Thou hast another
maden n ths house one possessed of beauty. e con-
tent wth ovng her, and gazng upon her her t s per-
mtted thee to ta e to wfe. My purpose was amost f ed
when from the bottom of my heart ove spo e n repy and
sad ash man, darest thou to set thysef n array and to
war wth me me, who have wngs to fy, arrows to wound,
and a torch to burn ow, prythee, wt thou escape f
thou wardest off my shafts, how wt thou avert my fre
to avrofarov r//wv.
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C T T U . 37
and even supposng thy chastty shoud uench the fame,
st can overta e thee wth my wngs.
he engaged n ths soo uy, the maden une pectedy
made her appearance turned pae, and the ne t moment
became crmson she was ute aone, not even Co accom-
paned her n a very contused manner, and not nowng
what ese to say, addressed her wth the words, Good
morrow, far mstress sweety smng, she shewed by her
countenance that she comprehended the drft of my sau-
taton, and sad, Do you ca me your mstress ndeed
do, for one of the gods has tod me to be your save, as er-
cues was sod to mphae. od, f remember, by
Mercury, re oned she, and ove empoyed hm n the
busness ths she sad wth an arch sme hat non-
sense, re oned , to trfe so, and ta of Mercury when
a the whe you understood my meanng. f he one
peasantry ed on to another and so proonged our conver-
saton, fortune came to my assstance.
bout noon on the precedng day, eucppe had been
payng on the harp and Co was sttng besde her.
was wa ng up and down, when suddeny a bee fyng n,
stung Co s hand she mmedatey shre ed out, upon
whch the maden, hasty rsng from her seat and ayng
asde the harp, e amned the wound, bddng her to be
under no an ety, for that she coud reeve the pan by
smpy utterng two magc words, havng been nstructed
by an gyptan how to cure the stngs nfcted by bees
and wasps she then proceeded to utter the words of ncan-
r e dvng arb pyo rrpa ( h a ara prcu. ongus.
..
hs body s a fre,
nd hs breath a fame entre.
e doth bear a goden bow,
nd a uver hangng ow.
ngs he hath whch though ye cp
e w eap from p to p,
nd f chance hs arrow msses
e w shoot hmsef n sses. en onson.
The transaton foows the readng n the edton by acobs.
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37 C T Tr .
taton, and Co, n a few moments decared the pan to
be reeved. Ths, as ntmated, too pace on the day
before. n the present occason t chanced, that a bee
or wasp few buzzng round my face, when a at once the
dea sezed me of fegnng mysef to have been stung
dd so, puttng my hand to my face, and pretendng to be n
pan. The maden came up to me, removed my hand and
en ured where had been stung upon my ps, dearest,
was my repy, why do you not charm away the pan p-
proachng my face, she paced her mouth amost cose to
mne, n order to wor the charm, at the same tme mur-
murng certan words, and ever and anon touchng my
ps. ths tme ept steang sent sses, so that
from the maden aternatey openng and cosng her ps
whe utterng the charm, the ncantaton became changed
nto one contnuous ss. t ast puttng my arms around
her, sauted her ps more ardenty upon whch drawng
bac she e camed, hat are you about re you, too,
turned enchanter am ony ssng the charm whch
has removed my pan. he too my meanng and smed,
whch gave me a fresh suppy of courage.
h dear eucppe, e camed, now fee another
and severer stng,t one whch has penetrated to my very
heart, and cas for your mghty magc surey you must
carry about a bee upon your ps, they are fu of honey,
your sses wound repeat the charm, pray, but do not
hurry over the operaton, for fear of e asperatng the
Tasso has ntroduced ths stratagem of a over nto hs mnta,
ct . sc. 2, where yva cures Phys stung by a bee, by ssng her,
upon whch mnta, pretends to have been stung n order to be cured
by the same agreeabe remedy.
Che, fngendo ch un ape avesse morso
mo abbre d sotto, ncomnca
amentarm d cota manera,
Che uea medcna che a ngua
on rchedeva, voto rchedeva.
fece
Pu eupa, e pu mortae
a ma paga verace,
uando e abbre sua
Gunse a e abbre me.
a ap d acun fore
Cogon s doce me, ch aora o cos
Da uee fresche rose. Tasso.
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C T .T U . 377
wound at the same tme embraced her more cosey and
ssed her wth st greater freedom nor, though ma ng
a show of resstance, dd she seem dspeased. t ths
uncture Co was seen approachng from a dstance, upon
whch we separated, much annoyed and sorey aganst
my w what were her feengs cannot e acty say. fter
what had passed, however, fet easer n mnd and began to
nduge n brghter hopes.
st fet the ss upon my ps as though t had reay
been somethng of a corporea nature zeaousy guarded
t as a treasure of sweets, for a ss s to the over hs chef
deght t ta es ts brth from the farest porton of the
human body from the mouth, whch s the nstrument of
the voce, and the voce s the adumbraton of the sou
when ps mnge they dart peasure through the vens, and
ma e even the overs sous on n the embrace. ever
before dd fee deght comparabe to ths and then for
the frst tme earnt that no peasurabe sensaton can ve
wth a over s ss.f
t supper tme we met as on former occasons, when
atyrus, who acted as cupbearer, ht upon the foowng
amorous devce. fter our cups were fed, he effected an
e change, presentng mne to the maden, handng hers to
me. avng notced what part of the brm had been touched
by her n drn ng, apped my ps to the same pace
thus ntmatng that was sendng her a ss. he remar ed
what had done, and ready understood that had been
ssng the shadow of her ps. atyrus agan steathy
made a e e change of cups, when coud observe her
he bushed and frown d not, but she strove to spea ,
nd hed her tongue, her voce was grown so wea . yron.
ow decous s the wnnng
f a ss at ove s begnnng. Campbe.
ac prmus rapas us tacta abes
Pocua uo ue bbt parte puea bbe.
vd. de rt. m. . .
Drn to me ony wth thne eyes,
nd w pedge thee wth mne
r eave a ss but n the cup
nd not oo for wne.
en onson (mtaton of a passage n hostratus.
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878 C T T T .
mtatng me, and drn ng as had done, whch, as you may
magne, vasty ncreased my happness. Ths was repeated
a thrd and fourth tme n short, we passed the rest of the
tme n drn ng sses to one another.
hen supper was ended, atyrus approachng me sad,
ow s the tme to show your mette the maden s
mother, as you are aware, s unwe, and has retred to rest
aone. he hersef before gong to bed w ta e a few
turns as usua n the garden, attended by no one but Co,
whom w underta e to get out of the way. e then
separated, and remaned on the watch, he for Co, for
eucppe. verythng turned out as we had wshed Co
was got rd of, and eucppe remaned wa ng by hersef.
wated t the dayght had faded away, and then
approached her, embodened by my former success, e a
soder aready vctorous, who therefore scorns the pers of
war. The arms n whch trusted were wne, ove, hope,
and sotude so, wthout sayng a word, and as f every-
thng had been preconcerted, too her n my arms, and
covered her wth sses. hen about to proceed to other
famartes,, a nose was heard behnd us, at whch we started
asunder n aarm. he betoo hersef to her chamber, and
remaned there n great dudgeon at havng ost so capta
an opportunty, and e ecratng the nose whch had been
the cause.
Meanwhe atyrus came up wth a aughng countenance.
e had wtnessed everythng, havng conceaed hmsef
under a tree to guard aganst our surprse and t was he,
who seeng some one approach, had made the nose.
n the course of a few days, my father made preparatons
for concudng my marrage sooner than had been orgnay
ntended. e had been much aarmed by varous dreams
he thought he was ceebratng the nupta rtes, and after
the torches had been nded the ght was suddeny e tn-
gushed. Ths made hm more an ous to concude the
matter, and we were now wthn a day of the one formay
apponted for the ceremony. The weddng cothes and
ewes were aready purchased there was a nec ace com-
The orgna s hghy poetca: r p rac ovv ort rov urbs
to ro v rr c avyg t uapavtro.
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C T T T . 37
posed of varous gems, and a spendd purpe robe edged
wth a god border. The gems ved wth each other n
beauty among them was a hyacnth, whch resembed a
rose, ony that t was a stone, and an amethyst amost as
ustrous as god tsef. n the mdde of ths nec ace were
three precous stones, arranged together and curousy
bended n ther hues the owest one was bac , the mdde
whte, but wth a dar sh tnge, the upper one shadng
off nto a ruddy coour. They were set n a rm of god,
and mght be sad to bear resembance to an eyet. The
purpe of the dress was of no ordnary dye, but of the nd
whch the Tyrans fabe to have been dscovered by the
shepherd s dog, and wth whch they are wont to represent
the robe of enus to be tnged. There was a tme when
ths purpe dye was as yet un nown, but remaned conceaed
n the hoow of a tte she fsh. shepherd meetng
wth one of these hoped to obtan the fsh whch was nsde
foed by the hardness of the she, after bestowng a hearty
curse upon hs booty, he threw t nto the sea as so much
worthess rubbsh. s dog ghted upon ths wndfa,
and bro e open the she wth hs teeth, n dong whch hs
mouth and ps became staned wth the brant dye, or
as we may ca t, bood. The shepherd upon seeng ths
supposed t the effect of a wound so ta ng the dog down
to the sea he washed hs mouth, upon whch the magnary
bood assumed a st more brant hue, and upon proceed-
ng to touch t, hs hand became of a purpe coour. The
shepherd now guessed what was the nature of the she fsh,
and that t was mpregnated wth a dye of surpassng beauty
so ta ng some woo he paced t n the aperture, determned
to dve nto the mysteres of the she and t became of a
coour smar to that upon the dog s mouth. y ths
n . v. of the thopcs, eodorus aays of the pansh and
rtsh amethyst, that t s of a du ruddy coour, resembng a newy
buddng rose and of the amethyst of thopa, that t emts a ustre
e that of god.
.... bendng every coour nto one,
ust e a bac eye n a recent scuffe. yron.
The 7rt7r oc was an ampe shaw servng for a robe those of the
most spendd hues and curous wor manshp were mported from
Tyre and don. ee ad, v. 28 .
to p aov.
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880 C T T U .
means he obtaned a nowedge of what we ca purpe and
after brea ng open ts fortfed receptace wth the hep of
a stone, he arrved at the treasure-house of dye. To return,
however, to my story. My father was performng the
premnary rtes, the marrage beng f ed, as have sad,
for the foowng day. was n despar, and was devsng
some prete t for deferrng t. he n ths state of per-
pe ty, a great tumut was heard to proceed from the men s
uarter of the house. t appeared that as my father was
offerng up a sacrfce an eaget swoopng from on hgh
sezed the vctm, and n spte of every endeavour to scare
hm away, bore off hs prey. s ths was decared to fore-
bode no good, the marrage was postponed for another day.
My father proceeded to consut the seers and soothsayers
upon the meanng of the portent they were of opnon that
he shoud offer a sacrfce to hosptabe ove at mdnght
upon the sea-shore, snce the brd had fown n that
drecton. ure enough he had wnged hs fght thther,
and appeared no more. or my part, e toed the eage
to the s es, and decared that he was usty styed the
ngf of brds. o ong tme eapsed before the meanng of
the prodgy became reveaed. There was a certan young
man, a natve of yzantum, by name Casthenes he was
an orphan and possessed of weath, profgate n hs fe and
e travagant n hs e pendture. avng heard that ostra-
tus had a handsome daughter, he was an ous to obtan her
hand and became enamoured upon hearsay, for he had never
seen her. The force of passon upon the centous s often
so strong that ther ears ead them nto ove, and report has
the same effect upon ther mnds whch sght has upon others.
efore the brea ng out of the war aganst the yzantans,
the young man ntroduced hmsef to ostratus, and as ed
the hand of hs daughter n marrage. ostratus, however,
rpoTe na yaftav. These conssted of sacrfces and offerngs
made to the eo ya/ o, or dvntes who presded over marrage
the sacrfcer was the father of the brde eect.
t oav v f3ao . sch. g. 113.
. . . . , mnstrum fumns atem
Cu re Deorum regnum n aves vagas
Permst. or. v. d. v. .
nun uam vsse fagrabat amore puese. uv. v. 14.
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C T T T . 381
strongy ob ectng to hs rreguar way of fe, re ected hs
appcaton. Casthenes was very ndgnant at ths repuse
he consdered hmsef sghted besdes, he was n ove,
and fancy pctured to hs mnd those charms whch he had
never seen. Dssembng hs dspeasure, he medtated how
he mght revenge hmsef on ostratus, and at the same
tme gratfy hs own desres nor was he wthout hope of
success, there beng a aw of the yzantans whch enacted,
that f any one shoud carry off a maden he shoud be
e empt from punshment upon ma ng her hs wfe of
ths aw he determned to ava hmsef, and wated ony
t a seasonabe opportunty shoud offer. though the
war had now bro en out, and the maden had come to us
for securty, he dd not abandon hs desgn, n the e ecuton
of whch the foowng crcumstance asssted, as the yzan-
tans had receved an orace to ths effect:
th pant-horn name there ves an sand race,
hose and an sthmus to the shore doth brace
ucan consorts there wth the bue-eyed mad,
nd there to ercues be offerngs pad. f
he a were n doubt what pace was ntended by these
engmatc words, ostratus (who was one of the commanders)
thus devered hs opnon : e must send to Tyre, and
offer up a sacrfce to ercues the e pressons of the
orace ceary pont to that cty. The pant-derved name,
shews that the sand of the Phoencans s ntended, the
phoen (or pam), beng a pant both sea and and ay cam
to t: the atter ons t to the contnent, the former washes
t on ether sde thus t s seated n the one eement, but
wthout abandonng the other, to whch t s unted by ts
narrow sthmus or nec of and moreover, t s not founded
acobs observes that ths aw of yzantum s purey the nventon
of Tatus one resembng t e sted at thens.
oroc tc ro g rr fvruvvfov afa a ovaa
o pbv fov a rop fov hr r rpow ppovoa,
v0 faurrog uv ap y av urv r vr v.
tT0 0u 7ro v a fpuv u/un pa .
Tyre s caed by urpdes, povaaa v aog, (Phoen. 211,) was but
upon a sma sand, 200 furongs from the shore. e ander too t,
after havng oned the sand to the contnent by a moe.
erod. . . c. 44, gves an account of hs vst to the tempe of
the Tyran ercues, and of the rch offerngs whch he saw n t.
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C T T T .
n the sea, but both under t and under the sthmus, the
waters have free course thus there s seen the snguar
spectace of a cty n the sea, and of an sand upon shore.
The menton made of ucan consortng wth the bue-
eyed mad, audes to the ove and the fre, whch are
found there n cose pro mty: for, n a sacred precnct
surrounded by a wa, ove trees are seen to foursh, whe
fre ssung from ther roots burns among the branches, and
wth ts ashes benefts the tree hence there e sts a mutua
frendshp, and Mnerva shuns not ucan. Upon ths
Choerophon, who shared the command wth ostratus n the
war, hs senor n age and a natve of Tyre, e toed hm
hghy for hs e ceent nterpretaton of the orace. t s
not ony fre, however, sad he, whch cams our wonder
the water aso deserves ts share. mysef have seen the
foowng marves: there s a fountan n cy whose waters
are mnged wth fre the fame s seen to eap up from
underneath, yet f you touch the water t w be found as
cod as snow, so that nether s the fre e tngushed by the
water, nor the water gnted by the fame, but a mutua
truce subssts between the eements . There s aso a rver
n pan, not dfferng from others n appearance, but f you
wsh to hear t become voca, you have but to wat and
sten for when a gente breeze sweeps over ts surface
there s heard a sound as f from strngs, the wnd beng the
pectrum, the rver tsef the yre.t may ewse men-
ton a a e n yba, resembng n ts nature the ndan
so. The yban madens are we ac uanted wth ts
secrets and wth the rches whch, stored beow ts waters,
are mnged wth the mud, for t s, n fact, a fount of god.
Pungng a ong poe smeared wth ptch nto the a e, they
ay open ts recesses ths poe s to the god what the hoo
s to the fsh, servng as a bat. The grans of god aone
The fre had power n the water, forgettng hs own vrtue and
the water forgat hs own uenchng nature. sdom, . 20.
T ee p. 234 of rewster s atura Magc, for a souton of the
acoustc wonder of the voca sounds emtted by the statue of Memnon.
t erod. . 102, says of the ndan so
pan-oc 17 avafpo) v tar P ffrc.
erod. . v. 1 , gves an account of a a e n the se Cyrauns,
on the east of frca, from whch the young women obtan god-dust
by means of feathers smeared wth ptch.
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C T T U . 383
attach themseves to the ptch, and are drawn on shore.
uch s the god-fshng n the yban waters.
fter reatng these marves, Chaerephon, wth the consent
of the state, proceeded to dspatch the vctms and other
offerngs to Tyre. Casthenes contrved to be among the
number of the sacred functonares. and soon arrvng at
that cty, he found out my father s resdence, and matured
hs schemes aganst the femaes, who, as w presenty
be shown, went out to vew the sacrfca show, whch was
n the hghest degree sumptuous there was a vast uantty
of dfferent nds of ncense used, such as cassa, fran n-
cense, and crocus there was aso a great dspay of fowers,
the narcssus, the rose, and the myrte the fragrance of the
fowers ved wth the perfumes of the ncense the breeze
wafted them aoft, mnged ther odours n the ar, producng
a gae of sweets. The vctms were many n number and
of varous nds the most remar abe among them, how-
ever, were the o en from the e, anmas whch e ce
not ony n stature but n coours. They are atogether of
very arge sze, wth brawny nec s, broad bac s, and ampe
bees t ther horns are not depressed, e those of the
can o , nor -shaped e the Cypran, but pro ect
upward from the forehead of ths anma wth a gente
curve the nterva between them at ther tps and at the
roots beng e ua, so that they bear a resembance to the
moon when at the fu ther coour s that whch omer
so much prases n the Thracan horses. The bu sta s
aong wth ofty crest, as f to show that he s the monarch
of the herd. f there s any truth n the egend of uropa,
t was nto an gyptan bu that ove metamorphosed
hmsef.
t the tme of whch am spea ng my mother-n-aw
was unwe eucppe aso fegned ndsposton, accord-
rU U .
purma cerv ,
Tarn ongo nuus ater modus: omna magna.
rg, G. . 2.
s steeds saw, the farest by these eyes
ver behed and oftest snow tsef
They pass n whteness. ad. . 43. 7. Cowper s Tr.
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384 C T T U .
ng to a preconcerted arrangement, that we mght have an
opportunty of meetng durng the absence of the rest.
My sster, therefore, and eucppe s mother were the ony
ones who went out to see the show. Casthenes, who
new by sght the wfe of ostratus, seeng my sster n her
company mstoo her for eucppe, of whom he had no
persona nowedge. mtten by her appearance, and wth-
out ma ng any n ures, he ponts her out to a trusty
attendant of hs, commandng hm to engage some prates
to effect her sezure, and arrangng the manner of proceed-
ng, for a hgh festva was at hand when, as he under-
stood, a the madens woud go down to the shore for the
purpose of performng ther abutons. fter gvng these
drectons, and havng dscharged the dutes of hs functont,
he wthdrew. e had prevousy, may remar , provded
a vesse of hs own, n case an opportunty shoud offer for
carryng hs schemes nto effect.
Meanwhe the rest of the sacred functonares had em-
bar ed and saed away he, however, went on board hs
vesse, and contnued to e a tte off shore, both n order
that he mght appear to be ta ng hs departure e the
others, and aso est, beng so near Tyre, any danger shoud
happen to hmsef n conse uence of carryng off the maden.
Upon arrvng at arepta, a Tyran vage on the sea-coast,
he purchased another craft, whch he ntrusted to hs fo-
ower eno, who was to e ecute hs pan. Ths man was
abe-boded, and accustomed to a buccaneerng fe he
soon, therefore, succeeded n gatherng together some prates
from the above-named vage, and then saed for Tyre.
ear ths cty there s an set wth a harbour, (the Tyrans
ca t the tomb of hodope) here the craft was statoned
watchng for the prey. efore the arrva of the hgh
festva, however, whch Casthenes awated, the omen of
the eage and the nterpretaton of the soothsayers were
fufed. n the day precedng, we made preparatons for
the sacrfce to ove, and ate n the evenng went down to
the shore none of our motons escaped eno, who cau-
tousy foowed us. hen n the act of performng our
abutons, he made the preconcerted sgna, upon whch the
vavr yvpg. r v wpav a oatwf vos.
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C T T T . 38
boat made rapdy for the and, manned by ten young fe-
ows eght others were secrety n readness on shore,
dressed n women s cothes and wth shaven chns each
had a sword conceaed under hs dress, and the better to
avod any suspcon, they had brought some vctms wth
them as for sacrfce, so that we too them to be women.
o sooner had we reached the pe than, rasng a sudden
shout, they rushed upon us, and put out our torches we fed
dsordery and n aarm, upon whch they drew ther swords,
and sezng my sster, put her nto the boat, and then
embar ng rowed off wth the speed of an eage. ome
who had fed at the frst onset saw nothng of what after-
wards occurred others who had wtnessed everythng cred
out, The prates have carred off Cagone.
Meanwhe the boat was far out at sea, and upon nearng
arepta made a sgna whch when Casthenes recognsed,
he put out to meet t, and ta ng the maden on board hs
own vesse, at once saed away. breathed agan upon
fndng my marrage thus une pectedy bro en off, never-
theess was sorry for the caamty whch had befaen my
sster. few days after ths occurrence, sad to eu-
cppe, ow ong, my dearest, are we to confne ourseves
to sses they are peasant enough as preudes, et us now
add to them somethng more substanta suppose we
e change mutua pedges of fdety, for ony et enus
ntate us n her mysteres and then we need fear the
power of no other dety.
y constanty repeatng my soctatons, at ength per-
suaded the maden to receve me nto her own chamber,
Co endng us her assstance. w descrbe the stuaton
of her room: a arge space n one part of the manson con-
taned two chambers on the rght hand and as many on the
eft a narrow passage, cosed at the entrance by a door,
gave access to them.t Those at the farther end were occu-
ped by the maden and her mother, and were opposte
each other of the two remanng ones, that ne t to eu-
cppe beonged to Co, the other was a store-room. eu-
varayuyay.
f ee the pan of a Gree house ta en from e er s Char es.
Det. of Gree and oman nt . p. 4 4.
2 c
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38 C T T tT .
cppe s mother was aways n the habt of attendng her to
bed upon whch occasons she not ony oc ed the door
nsde, but had t secured by a save on the outsde, the
eys beng handed to her through an openng these she
ept unt the mornng, when cang the man she passed
them bac to hm that he mght unoc the door.
atyrus contrved to have a set of eys made e them,
and fndng upon tra that they woud answer, he wth the
consent of the maden ganed over Co, who was to offer no
mpedment. uch was the pan whch we devsed. There
was a save beongng to the househod, caed Conops, a
pryng, ta atve, echerous feow, n short everythng that
was bad. The man watched our proceedngs very narrowy,
and suspectng our ntentons, used to eep open the door
of hs dormtory unt ate at nght, so that t was no easy
matter to escape hs observaton. atyrus wshng to ma e
a frend of hm, often ta ed and o ed wth hm, and
aughng n auson to hs name ( wvwy r) woud ca hm
Gnat. The feow seeng through the artfce of atyrus
pretended to return the o e, but, n dong so, e hbted hs
own -natured dsposton. s you are so fond, sad
he, of punnng upon my name, w te you a story
about the gnat. The on often companed to Prometheus
that athough he had formed hm a arge and handsome
beast, had armed hs aws wth teeth, and hs feet wth
caws, and had made hm more powerfu than the other
anmas, st, notwthstandng a these advantages, he
stood n fear of the dungh coc . hy dost thou
wthout cause accuse me reped Prometheus have
gven thee every gft whch t was n my power to bestow,
t s thne own fant heartedness whch s n faut. The
on wept and bemoaned hs condton, cursng hs own
want of courage, and n the end made up hs mnd to de.
he n ths frame of mnd he happened to meet the ee-
phant, wth whom, after wshng hm good mornng, he
entered nto conversaton. eeng hm contnuay fap hs
ears, hat as you, he as ed why are your ears never
for a moment st The eephant, about whose head a
gnat was at that moment fyng, reped, f the buzzng
Ths fact s asserted by .Man, . v 22, and . v. .
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C T T U . 387
nsect whch see, was to get nto my ear, the resut woud
be my death. Upon ths the on made the foowng
refecton. hy shoud (such as am, and so much
more fortunate than the eephant,) thn of dyng t s
better to stand n awe of a coc than to dread a scurvy
gnat.
Tou see, sad Conops, what power the gnat pos-
sesses, snce he can terrfy the eephant. atyrus who
saw nto the macous meanng of hs words, reped wth
a sme, w now reate to you the story of the gnat and
the on, whch heard from a certan sage as for your
tae about the eephant, you are wecome to ma e what you
can out of t. The braggart gnat sad one day to the on,
o you thn to ord t over me as you do over other
creatures. shoud e to now why Tou are not
handsomer than am, nor yet boder, nor yet more powerfu
n what respect are you superor to me n vaour Tou
tear wth your caws and bte wth your teeth, t s true
so does every woman when she uarres and as to your
sze and beauty, you have ndeed an ampe chest and broad
shouders, and a whoe forest of har about your nec , but
you tte thn how unsghty are your hnder parts. n
the other hand, my greatness s commensurate wth the ar
and wth the power of my wngs the fowers of the meadow
consttute my comeness, they serve me n eu of garments,
wth whch, when weary wth fyng, nvest mysef nether
s my vaour any aughng matter am the very mper-
sonaton of a war e nstrument bow a bast f when go
to batte, and t s my mouth whch serves for trumpet and
for weapon, so that am at once, a muscan and an archer
h sobb d ntona, coud tear ther eyes out. yron.
n case the reader wshes to understand the phosophy of the
gnat s trumpet, we nsert the foowng passage from Cumberand s
Trans. of the Couds of rstophanes.
Dscpe. Twas put to ocrates, f he coud say, when a gnat
humm d, whether the sound dd ssue from mouth or ta.
treps. ye marry, what sad he
Dscpe. e sad your gnat doth bow hs trumpet bac wards
rom a sonorous cavty wthn hm,
hch beng fed wth breath, and forced aong
The narrow ppe or rectum of hs body,
Doth vent tsef n a oud hum behnd.
2 o 2
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388 C T T U .
moreover am my own bow and arrow my wngs posed
n ar shoot me forward, and ghtng down, nfct a
wound as wth a shaft whosoever fees t cres out and
forthwth tres to fnd hs enemy: , however, though pre-
sent, am at the same tme absent fy and stand my
ground, and wth my wngs crce round the adversary, and
augh to see hm dance wth pan. ut why shoud
waste more words et us at once on batte. ayng
ths, he fas upon the on, attac ng hs eyes and every
other part whch was unprotected by har at the same
tme wheeng round hm and bowng hs trumpet. The
on was n a fury, turnng hmsef n every drecton and
vany snappng at the ar hs wrath afforded addtona
sport to the gnat, who made an onsaught on hs very
mouth. mmedatey he turned to the sde where he was
aggreved, when hs antagonst, e a s fu wrester, twst-
ng and twrng hs body escaped cean through the on s
teeth, whch were heard to ratte aganst each other n the
van attempt to seze hm. y ths tme the on was
thoroughy tred by thus fghtng wth the ar, and stood
st, e hausted by hs own efforts upon whch the gnat,
sang round hs mane sounded a trumphant stran of
vctory but stmuated by hs e cess of vanty he too
a wder range, and a at once fe nto a spder s web.
hen no hope of escape appeared, he sorrowfuy sad, oo
that am, entered the sts aganst a on, and behod
am caught n the meshes of a spder avng fnshed
hs story, atyrus sad, wth a sarcastc augh, e on your
guard, and beware of spders. ot many days had passed
when atyrus nowng what a bey-save Conops was, pur-
chased a powerfu soporfc draught and then nvted hm
to supper. uspcous of some trc , he at frst decned,
but afterwards, over persuaded by hs most e ceent advser
appette,t he comped. fter supper, when he was on
the pont of gong away, atyrus poured the poton nto
atur et muto custods cura yseo
a ve epano ecta st una ugo.
unt uo ue, use facant atos medcamna somnoa
ota ue ethsea umna nocte premant.
vd. rt. m. . 4 .
wc / e r trr yaorr p arr vdy aaev.
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C T T U . 38
hs ast draught, he dran t off, and had ust tme to
reach hs dormtory, when he fe on hs bed n a deep seep.
Upon ths, atyrus hurred to me and sad, Conops s fast
aseep, now s the tme to prove yoursef as vaorous as
Uysses : we nstanty proceeded to the door whch con-
ducted to eucppe s chamber there he eft me, and Co
steathy admtted me, trembng wth oy and fear the
dread of danger dsturbed my hopes, but the hope of suc-
cess uafed the dread, and so hope became the source of
fear, and pan the cause of peasure.
ust as had entered the maden s room, her mother s
seep had been dsturbed by a fearfu dream a robber
armed wth a na ed sword, sezed and carred off her
daughter, after whch, ayng her upon the ground, he pro-
ceeded to rp her up, begnnng at her prvate parts. Terr-
fed by the vson, her mother started up and hurred to her
daughter s apartment, whch as before sad was cose at
hand. had but ust got nto bed and hearng the doors
open, had scarcey tme to eap out before she was at her
daughter s sde. ware of my danger made a bot through
the opened door, and ran wth a my mght, t trembng
from head to foot met atyrus, when we both made our
way n the dar and retreated each to hs own room. eu-
cppe s mother fanted, but upon recoverng the frst thng
she dd was to bo Co s ears, then tearng her own har,
she bro e forth nto amentaton. h eucppe, she
sad, you have bghted a my hopes. nd you os-
tratus, who are fghtng at yzantum to protect the honour
of other peope s wves and daughters, you tte thn how
some enemy has been warrng aganst your house, and has
defed your own daughter s honour. h, eucppe,
never thought to see you wedded after such a fashon as
ths oud that you had remaned at yzantum oud
that you had suffered voence from the chances of war, and
that some Thracan had been your ravsher n such a
case the voence woud have e cused the shame, whereas
The auson s to Uysses preparng to put out the eye of the
Cycops.
the gods nfused
eroc forttude nto our hearts. dyss. . 381.
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3 0 C T T T7 .
now, you are at the same tme wretched and dsgraced.
The vson of the nght dd but moc my mnd, the rea-
tes of the dream were hdden from me, for of a truth,
yours has been a more fearfu rppng up, and your wound
more fata than any nfcted by the sword and the worst
s, that am gnorant who s your ravsher. do not even
now what s hs condton for aught can te, he may
be some wretched save. hen the maden fet assured
of my escape, she too courage and sad: Mother, there
s no occason for you to attac my chastty, nothng has
been done to me deservng of your reproaches nor do
now whether the ntruder was a god, a demgod, or a morta
ravsher t a now s that was hearty frghtened and
ay st, ute unabe to cry out through fear for fear, as
you now, acts as a padoc upon the tongue -. ths, however,
you may be assured of, no one has robbed me of my vr-
gnty. otwthstandng these assurances of her daughter,
Panthea gave way to a fresh paro ysm of gref. Mean-
whe atyrus and were deberatng on the best course
to be pursued and we determned to ma e our escape
out of the house before mornng shoud arrve, when Co
woud be put to the torture and be compeed to revea
everythng.
Ths pan we at once carred nto e ecuton, and teng
the porter that we were gong out to vst our mstresses, we
went straght to Cnas: t was mdnght, and we had
some troube n ganng admsson: Cnas who sept n an
upper room heard our voces n dscusson wth hs porter,
and hurred down n aarm, whe we coud see at a short
dstance Co runnng towards us, for she too t appeared
had determned to ma e her escape. most n the same
moment therefore Cnas heard our story, and we the nar-
ratve of Co, whe she was made ac uanted wth our future
pans we a went n doors, when we gave Cnas a more
death wth a page perchance a ng
ad reconced hm to the thng
ut wth a strpng of a page
fet but cannot pant hs rage. yron.
ere fafnor, are pwc, ert ffr /c.
or an nstance of ntercourse between demgods pu and
mortas, see erod, v. .
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C T T U . 3 1
detaed account and stated our determnaton of eavng the
cty. w accompany you, sad Co, for f reman
behnd t mornng, death (the sweetest of torments, snce t
ends them) w be my ot. Cnas too my hand and eadng
me asde, he sad, t appears to me most advsabe to get
ths wench out of the way at once, and after watng a few
days we can depart ourseves, f st of the same mnd.
ccordng to your account the maden s mother does not
now who t was whom she surprsed, nor w there be
any one to furnsh evdence snce Co s removed. ay,
we may perhaps persuade the maden hersef to share our fght w accompany you at a events.
e agreed to hs proposa, so Co was devered to the
care of one of hs saves to be put on board a boat, whe
we contnued to deberate upon the course best to be pur-
sued. t ast we resoved to ma e tra of eucppe s nc-
naton, and, shoud she be wng, to carry her off: n case
of her re ectng our proposa, we determned to reman for
the present and to awat the course of events. The short
remander of the nght was passed n seep, and at dayght
we returned home. Panthea had no sooner rsen n the
mornng, than she had preparatons made for puttng Co
to the torture but when summoned she coud no where
be found. Upon ths, returnng to her daughter,
you st persst, sad she, n conceang the partcuars
of ths pretty pot ow, fnd that Co aso has run
off. t more reassured by the ntegence, eucppe
reped, hat more woud you have me te you hat
stronger testmony of the truth woud you have me pro-
duce f there s any way of provng a mad s vrgnty, you
are wecome to prove mne. ye, sad Panthea, and
by so dong to add to the troubes of our famy by brng-
ng n wtnesses to ts dsgrace upon sayng whch, she
hasty utted the apartment. eucppe eft to hersef,
and wth her mother s words st rngng n her ears, was
The evdence of saves was aways ta en wth torture, and ther
testmony was not otherwse receved. or an anmated pcture of the
severty sometmes practsed towards saves, mae and femae, by a
caprcous mstress, see uv. v. 47 , 4 3.
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3 2 C T T T7 .
dstracted by confctng and varous emotons she was
deepy paned at havng been dscovered. er mother s
reproaches fed her wth shame she fet angry at havng
her word doubted. ow these feengs are e three b-
ows whch dsturb the sou s tran uty: shame ma ng
an entrance through the eyes unfts them for ther natura
offce pan preys upon the mnd and e tngushes ts
ardour whe the voce of anger bayng round the heart
overpowers reason wth ts wrathfu foam.t The tongue s
the parent of these dfferent feengs bendng ts bow and
amng ts arrow at the mar , t nfcts ts severa wounds
upon the sou: wth the wordy shaft of rang t produces
anger, wth that of we founded accusaton, begets pan,
wth that of reproof, causes shame the pecuarty of a
these arrows s, that they nfct deep but boodess wounds,
and there s avaabe aganst ther effects one remedy
aone, whch s, to turn aganst the assaant hs own wea-
pons. peech, the weapon of the tongue, must be repeed
by a weapon of e nature, for then the feeng of anger
w become camed and the sensatons of shame and an-
noyance w be appeased but f dread of a superor hnder
the empoyment of such succours, the very fact of sence
ma es these wounds to ran e the more deepy, and uness
these menta waves, rased by the power of speech, can cast
up ther foam, they w but swe and toss the more.
hat have been sayng w pcture the condton of
eucppe s mnd, who fet ready to sn under her troubes
t was whe she was n ths frame of mnd that dspatched
ravro arr rg v.
Ths passage may be ustrated by a parae one n the begnnng of
. v.
Pny, . v. . Tot snus Pooponnensem oram ancnant, tot
mara aatrant.
t They bend ther tongues e ther bow for es. Ther tongue s as an arrow shot out. er. . 3, 8. ee aso
. ames . .
tranguat ncusus door at ue cor sestuat ntus
Cogtur et vres mutpcare suas. vd. Trst. . 3.
Gve sorrow words the gref that doth not spea ,
hspers the o er-fraught heart, and bds t brea . Macbeth.
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C T T U . 3 3
atyrus to her, n order to ma e overtures of fght. ntc-
patng hm n her words, she e camed: n the name of the
gods, foregn and hosptabe, dever me out of my mother s
power, and ta e me whther you w for f you go away
and eave me here, the noose suspended by my own hands
sha be my death. hen was nformed of her e pres-
sons, t freed me from a word of an ety and n the course
of two or three days, when my father was absent from home,
we made preparatons for our fght. atyrus had st re-
manng some of the poton whch he had used so success-
fuy upon Conops. he watng at supper he poured
out a tte nto the ast cup, whch he presented to Panthea
amost mmedatey after drn ng t, she retred to her own
room, and fe fast aseep. eucppe had now another
chambermad, wth whom atyrus was on famar terms
havng gven her ewse a porton of the draught, he pro-
ceeded to a thrd party, the porter, who was soon yng
under the nfuence of the same soporfc poton.
Meanwhe Cnas was awatng us at the door wth a
carrage whch he had n readness, and whe a were yet
aseep, between nne and ten at nght, we cautousy eft
the house, atyrus eadng eucppe by the hand - Conops,
as may remar , who used to watch our movements, beng
fortunatey absent, havng been dspatched on an errand by
hs mstress. n gettng out, we mmedatey entered the
carrage, s n number, eucppe, and atyrus, together
wth Cnas and two servants. e drove off n the drec-
ton of don, where we arrved about mdnght, and wth-
out deay contnued our ourney to erytus, n hopes of
fndng some vesse n the harbour nor were we dsap-
ponted, for on gong to the port we found a shp on the
pont of sang: wthout even n urng whther she was
bound, we got our baggage on board, and embar ed a tte
before dawn. t was then we earnt that the vesse was
bound for the ceebrated cty of e andra, stuated on the
e.
The sght of the sea deghted me whe as yet we were
n the smooth water of the harbour soon, however, upon
the wnd becomng favourabe, oud tumut prevaed
throughout the vesse the saors hurred to and fro, the
master ssued hs commands, ropes were bent, the sa-yard
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3 4 C T Tr .
was brought round before the wnd, the sa was unfured,
we weghed anchor, the shp began to move, the port was
eft behnd, and the coast, as f tsef n moton, seemed
graduay to be retrng from us t the Psean was chanted,
and many prayers were addressed to the guardan detes
for a prosperous voyage. Meanwhe the wnd freshened
and fed the sa, and the vesse speeded on her course.
There was a young man on board, n the same cabn
wth ourseves, when dnner tme was come he potey
nvted us to parta e of hs mea. atyrus was ust then
brngng out our provsons so puttng a nto a common
stoc , we shared our dnner and our conversaton. began
by sayng, Pray where do you come from, and by what
name are we to address you My name, he reped,
s Meneaus, and am a natve of gypt and now may
n ure who you are am caed Ctopho, and my
companon Cnas our country s Phoenca. nd
what, he re oned, s the motve of your voyage f
you w reate your own story frst, you sha then hear
ours. Meneaus assented, and began as foows :
The cause of my eavng my home may be summed up n
very few words: envous ove and -fated huntng. was
strongy attached to a handsome youth, who was very fond
The varous operatons when a vesse utted or entered the har-
bour are descrbed n two passages of omer.
The crew
Cast oose the hawsers, aud embar ng, fed
The benches
e, oud e hortng them, hs peope bade
and brs the tac e they obedent rear d
The pne-tree mast, whch n ts soc et deep
They odgM, then straned the cordage, and wth thongs
e twsted, drew the shnng sa aoft. dyss. . 41 .
round wthn the haven deep, ther sas
urng, they stow d them n the bar beow.
Then by ts tac e owerng the mast
nto ts crutch, they brs y push d to and,
eav d anchors out, and moor d the vesse fast. D. 4331.
Provehmur portu terrte ue urbes ue recedunt.
r. .( n. . 72.
rapaocrv v.
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C T T T . 3
of the chase. dd everythng n my power to restran hm
from ths pursut, but wthout success. ndng coud
not preva wth hm, mysef accompaned hm.
ne day we were out huntng, and for a tme every-
thng went on successfuy so ong as harmess anmas
were aone the ob ects of our sport. t ength a wd boar
was roused the youth pursued the brute, who faced about,
and ran furousy to attac hm st the youth ept hs
ground, notwthstandng that repeatedy caed out:
hee round your horse the beast s too powerfu for
you. The boar contnung ts career, and comng up, they
cosed n combat. Terrfed est the beast shoud wound
the horse, and so brng down hs rder, aunched my aven
wthout ta ng suffcent am, and the youth crossng ts
course, receved the stro e.
Pcture to yoursef the feengs of my mnd. f
retaned fe at that moment, t was e a vng death and
what was most amentabe of a, the wretched youth, who
st breathed, e tendng hs arms, embraced me, and so far
from hatng hs destroyer, he e pred st graspng my
homcda hand. n account of ths amentabe occur-
rence hs parents too ega proceedngs aganst me nor
was unwng to stand my tra ndeed offered no
defence, consderng mysef fuy deservng to suffer death.
The udge, out of compasson, condemned me to three years
banshment, and that perod havng now e pred, am on
my return home.
Ths narratve remnded Cnas of the unhappy death of
Charces, and he shed tears, whch though n appearance
they fowed for another s gref, were, n reaty, drawn forth
by hs own sorrows.t re you weepng on my account,
Tatus appears to have had n hs mnd the story of the death
of tys, son of Croesus. ee erod. . . 37.
Compare the sprted account of the oar-hunt and the death of
Tepoemus n the vth boo o pueus.
arpof o rpofaav, a proverb derved from a passage n the
ad, s . 302 :
her feow-captves heav
esponsve sghs, deporng each, n show
The dead Patrocus, but, n truth, hersef.
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3 C T T U .
as ed Meneaus, or has any smar dsaster befaen you
Upon ths Cnas, wth many sghs, detaed the crcum-
stances of Charces and the horse and ewse reated
my adventures. eeng Meneaus very ow sprted on
account of hs own thoughts, and Cnas st sheddng
tears at the recoecton of Charces, endeavoured to ds-
spate ther gref, by ntroducng a ove topc for conver-
saton for eucppe, may observe, was not then present,
but was aseep n the shp s hod. began, therefore,
wth a smng ar: ow much better off s Cnas than
am . he was no doubt ongng to nvegh aganst women,
accordng to hs wont, and he can do so a the better now,
havng found one who sympathses wth hs tastes but why
so many shoud be addcted to the ove of youths, for my
part cannot te.
There can be no doubt, sad Meneaus, whch s pre-
ferabe. Touths are much more open and free from affec-
taton than women, and ther beauty stmuates the senses
much more powerfuy.
ow so as ed t no sooner appears than t s
gone. t affords no en oyment to the over, but s e the
cup of Tantaus, whe one s drn ng the ud dsappears
and even the tte whch has been swaowed s unsatsfyng.
o one can eave such favourtes wthout feeng hs pea-
sure aoyed wth pan, the draught of ove st eaves hm
thrsty.
ou do not understand, re oned Meneaus, that the
perfecton of peasure conssts n ts brngng wth t no
satety the very fact of ts beng of a permanent and sats-
fyng nd ta es awav from ts deght. hat we snatch
but now and then s aways new, and aways n fu beauty.
f such thngs the peasure s not abe to decay and age,
and t gans n ntensty what t oses by brefness of
duraton for ths reason, the rose s consdered the most
ovey among fowers, because ts beauty so uc y fades.
There are two speces of beauty among mortas, each
bestowed by ts presdng goddess the one s of heaven,
Tatus audes to enus Urana and enus Popuars, the one the
patroness of pure, the other of mpure, ove.
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C T T T . 3 7
the other of earth the former chafes at beng n ed to
what s morta, and uc y wngs ts fght to heaven the
atter cngs to earth, and ceaves to morta bodes. oud
you have a poet s testmony of the ascent of heaveny
beauty hear what omer sngs : Ganymede,
arest of human nd, whom for that cause
The gods caught up to heav n that he mght dwe
or ever there, the cup-bearer of ove.
ut no woman, trow, ever ascended to heaven for her
beauty s sa e, though ove had abundance of ntrgues
wth women: gref and e e were the porton of cmena
the chest and the sea were the receptace of Danae and
emee became food for fre t but mar the dfference
when ove became enamoured of a Phrygan youth, he too
hm up to heaven to dwe wth hm, and pour out hs
nectar, deprvng hs predecessor of the offce, she beng,
rather thn , a woman.
n my opnon, sad , nterruptng hm, femae
beauty has n t much more of the heaveny nd, because
t does not so uc y fade and the freer from decay, the
nearer s anythng to the dvne nature. n the other
hand, whatsoever n accordance wth ts morta nature soon
decays, s not of heaven, but of earth. grant that ove,
enamoured of a Phrygan youth, rased hm to the s es,
but the beauty of woman brought hm down from heaven for
a woman he beowed under the form of a bu, for a woman
he danced as a satyr, for a woman he transformed hmsef
nto a goden shower. et Ganymede, therefore, be ove s
cup-bearer, f you w, provded that uno aso recnes at
the ban uet, and has a youth to wat on her. or my part,
cannot thn upon hs rape wthout feengs of pty: a
savage brd s sent down, he s sezed and borne aoft (crue
and tyrannous treatment, methn s), and the unseemy
spectace s seen of a youth suspended from an eage s
taons. o ravenous brd of prey, but the eement of fre,
bore emee aoft nor shoud there seem anythng strange
and unnatura n ths, snce t was by the same means that
ad . 2, 3, 4.
ee nthon s emprere for the egends attached to ther names.
t Gtttng proposes to read ebe, whch suts the conte t better.
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3 8 C T T U .
ercues went up to heaven. ou amuse yoursef at the
e pense of Danae s chest, but why do you pass over Per-
seus, who shared her fate or cmena t suffced that
ove for ove of her robbed the word of three whoe
days.
Passng, however, from the egends of mythoogy, w
spea of the rea deghts of ove, though my e perence n
such matters has been sma, compared wth that of others,
and confned to femaes who se ther charms for ucre.
n the frst pace, how tender and yedng s a woman s body
to the touch, how soft are her ps when ssed her person
s n every way ftted for the amorous embrace: he who s
connected wth her tastes genune en oyments her sses
are mpressed upon hs ps as seas upon a etter, and she
sses wth such studed art as mbues the ss wth doube
sweetness. ot content to use her ps, she brngs her teeth
aso nto pay, and feedng upon her over s mouth, ma es
her very sses bte. hat peasure aso s there n the
ensaton of pressng a woman s breast, whe n the amorous
crss, so powerfu s her e ctement, that she s actuay
maddened wth deght. er sses are not confned to the
ps, but overs tongues even do ther endeavour to ss
each other. t the concuson of the amorous combat, she
pants, overcome wth the fery deght, and her ove-sc breath
fndng ts way to her ps, encounter the over s ss st
wanderng there, and mngng wth t both descend and
e ert ther eectrc nfuence upon her heart, whch eaps
and beats, and were t not fast bound wthn, woud desert
ts seat, and be drawn forth by the strength of sses. t
Upon my word, sad Meneaus, you seem no raw
ccordng to some accounts, two accordng to others, three
nghts were re ured for the formaton of ercues, son of cmena.
oentus e
octe non una poterat crear. eneca g. 82 .
ong, ong ss, a ss of youth and ove,
nd beauty, a concentratng e rays
nto one focus, nded from above
uch sses as beong to eary days,
here heart, and sou, and sense, n concert move,
nd the bood s ava, and the puse a baze,
ach ss a heart- ua e. yron.
Compare ucret. v. 1070 107 , and 10 1114.
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C T TTU . 3
recrut, but a thorough veteran n the servce of the ueen of
ove, so mnute are you n a your deta. ow hear what
have to say n favour of mae beauty. th women ther
words and postures, everythng, n short, s studed and
artfca: and ther beauty, f they possess any, s the abo-
rous wor of cosmetc appances, of perfumes and of dyes
dvest them of these meretrcous attractons, and they w
appear e the daw strpped of ts feathers, whch we read
of n the fabe. The beauty of youths, on the other hand,
re ures no unguents or artfca essences to recommend t
nature has made t compete and suffcent n tsef. t
.
n the thrd day of our voyage a sudden change too
pace n the weather the s y, whch had been cear, grew
so bac as ute to obscure the ght of day, and a voent
gae poughng up the sea bew drecty n our teeth. Upon
ths, the master ordered the yard to be brought round
ed use mutats nductur, at ue fovetur
Tot medcamnbus, coctse ue sgus offas,
ccpt et maddse, faces dcetur, an ucus. uv. v. 471.
f- mnbus autem muerum omnum ungents e puerorum sudorbus
affatus odor anteoeet. am vero etam ante venereos congressus pase-
stra cum s decertare, paam ue, ac sne rubore ampect cet ne ue
ua est carns tenertas use compe uum tacton cedat: sed corpora
sb mutuo resstant ac vouptate contendunt. asa uo ue mu-
ebrem am dgentam mnme sapunt, nee stuto errore abra
to decpunt. Puer uemadmodum udem novt, suava dat, non
ab arte a ua, sed a natura psa profcscenta sane ue bas puers
mago e usmod est, ut s us concretum, at ue n abra commutatum
nectar oscuaretur. uo fer uo modo ne ut, ut a ua basand
tb satetas oratur umrnmo uo pus hauras, hoc vehementore
st abores, ne ue os nde abstrahere posss, donee pree vouptate basa
pso refugas.
t rpayv rr)v paav. Two ropes hung from the horns of the
antenna or yard, the use of whch was to turn t round as the wnd
veered, so as to eep the sa opposte the wnd. ee a cut at p. 2 of
the Gree and om. nt .
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400 C T T TT .
the saors speedy obeyed, furng one-haf of the sa by dnt of great e ertons, but were compeed by the voence
of the wnd to eave the other unfured. n conse uence of
ths manoeuvre one sde of the vesse began to hee, whe the
contrary sde became proportonay eevated, so that we
every moment e pected to be capszed, as the gae contnued
to bow wth undmnshed fury. To prevent ths, and to
restore, f possbe, the vesse s e ubrum, we a scrambed
to the sde hghest out of water, but t was of no ava.
e ourseves, ndeed, were rased, but the poston of the
shp was n no way atered after ong and van endeavours
to rght her, the wnd suddeny shfted, amost submergng
the sde whch had been eevated, and rasng hgh out of
the water that prevousy depressed. n unversa shre
arose from those on board, and nothng remaned but to
hurry bac to our former staton. e repeated ths severa
tmes, our movements eepng pace wth the shftng of the
vesse ndeed, we had scarcey succeeded n hurryng to
one sde, before we were obged to hurry bac n the con-
trary drecton. e those who run bac wards and forwards
n the course, we contnued these aternate movements
durng a great part of the day, momentary e pectng death,
who, as t seemed, was not far off for about noon the sun
entrey dsappeared, and we saw each other as f by moon-
ght ghtnngs fashed from the couds, the thunder roed,
fng the s y wth ts echoes, whch were repeated from
beow by the strfe of waters, whe n the ntermedate
space was heard the shouts of the dscordant wnds,t so
that the ar seemed one mghty trumpet the ropes brea -
ng oose ratted aganst the sa and aganst each other t
Cornua veatarum obvertmus antennarum. Mn. . 4 .
t sunset they began to ta e n sa,
or the s y showed t woud come on to bow,
nd carry away, perhaps, a mast or so. yron.
n the orgna the movements of the passengers are descrbed by
the words av og and #po/of o bg, e pressons referrng to the
stadum, where the runners turned round the goa and came bac to
the startng-pace.
The hgh wnd made the trebe, and as bass
The hoarse harsh waves ept tme. yron.
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C T T U . 401
at ast they were rent n peces. e now began to be n
no sma fear that the vesse, from the shattered condton of
her sdes, woud open and go to peces the buwar s too
were fooded, beng contnuay washed over by the waves.
e however crawed under them for protecton, and abandon-
ng a hope resgned ourseves to ortune. Tremendous
bows foowng n uc successon tumbed one over the
other, some n front, some at the sdes of the shp, whch as
they approached was fted hgh up as f upon a mountan,
and when they retred was punged down as nto an abyss.f
The most formdabe were those whch bro e aganst the
sdes and made ther way over the buwar s, foodng a the
vesse even whe approachng from a dstance these were
formdabe enough, amost touchng, as they dd, the couds
but when they neared and bro e, you woud have supposed
that the shp must nevtaby be swaowed up. e coud
scarcey eep our feet, so voent was the rong of the
vesse, and a confused dn of sounds was heard the sea
roared, the wnd bustered, the women shre ed, the men
shouted, the saors caed to one another: a was wang
and amentaton.
t ength the master ordered the cargo to be thrown
overboard no dstncton was made between god and sver,
and the commonest artces, a were ptched over the sdes
many of the merchants wth ther own hands tumbng nto
the sea the goods on whch a ther hopes were centred.
y these means the shp was ghtened, but the storm dd
not n any degree abate. t ength the master, weared
out and n despar, et go the ter, abandoned the shp to the
waves, and standng at the gangway ordered the boats to be
ytpp a these appear to mean the rapappvfara, made of s ns and
wc er-wor , rased above the edge of the vesse, and ntended as a
protecton aganst hgh waves, c. ee Det. Gr . and om. nt .
f Tomur n caeum curvato gurgte et dem
ubducta ad manes mos descendmus unda.
rg. Mn. . 4.
trange sounds of wang, basphemy, devoton,
Camour d n chorus to the roarng ocean. yron.
2d
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402 C T T U .
got ready and the saors to embar . Upon ths a fearfu
scene of strfe arose the saors n the boat were begnnng
to cut the rope whch attached t to the shp. eeng ths,
the passengers endeavoured to eap n, whch the crew woud
not aow, threatenng wth ther swords and a es any who
shoud venture on the attempt. The others upon ths arm-
ng themseves as best they coud wth shattered oars and
bro en benches, showed a determnaton to retaate, for n
a storm mght, not rght, must sette matters. nove
nd of sea-fght now commenced they n the boat, fearfu
of beng swamped by the numbers who were descendng
from the vesse, ad about them n good earnest wth ther
swords and a es whch the passengers as they eaped n
were not bac ward n returnng wth ther poes and oars,
and some scarcey touched the boat before they fe nto the
water others, who had succeeded n gettng n, were strug-
gng wth the saors to mantan ther ground. The aws
of frendshp or neghboury regard were no onger heeded
each oo ed to hs own preservaton, careess of the safety
of any other for the effect of pressng danger s, that t
dssoves even the tenderest tes. ne of the passengers, a
robust young feow, succeeded at ast n gettng hod of the
rope and draggng the boat towards the vesse every
one on board hodng hmsef ready to eap n. few
succeeded n the endeavour, though not wthout recevng
n ures many n ther attempt were punged nto the sea.
The crew wthout further deay, cuttng the rope wth ther
a es, put off, and commtted themseves to the mercy of the
wnds those on board n the meantme havng used every
e erton to sn the boat. The vesse, after contnung for
some tme to ptch and ro upon the waves, was carred
upon a sun en roc , when she struc and soon went to
peces, the mast fang over on one sde and hastenng her
destructon. They who were at once swaowed up n the
brny waves e perenced a happer ot than ther companons,
n not havng to reman wth death before ther eyes for at
sea the antcpaton of drownng s even before death
actuay arrves the eye, bewdered by the e panse of
waters, can set no mts to ts fears: ths t s whch
gves death so much more btterness and ma es t re-
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C T T T . 403
garded wth dread proportoned to the vasty nature of the
sea tsef.
Upon the present occason some were dashed aganst
roc s and pershed, others were perced by peces of bro en
spars, and some were seen swmmng n a haf-e hausted
state. hen the vesse was wrec ed, some good genus
preserved a porton of the prow, upon whch and eucppe
beng seated, were carred aong by the current Meneaus,
atyrus, and some other passengers, had thrown themseves
across the mast Cnas at no great dstance was swmmng
supported by the yard, and we coud hear hm cang out,
od on, Ctopho n a moment a wave washed over
hm at whch sad spectace we shre ed aoud. ong
onward n our drecton, t happy passed us, and we agan
caught sght of the yard, and Cnas rdng upon ts crest.
, mghty eptune, e camed , wth a deep groan,
ta e pty on us, and spare the remnants of ths shpwrec
our terror has caused us aready to de many deaths f t
be thy w to destroy us, do not dvde us n our deaths et
one wave overwhem us or f we are fated to become food
for the monsters of the deep et one devour us et us have
one common death, one common tomb. had not ong
uttered ths prayer before the voence of the wnd abated
and the roughness of the waves subsded, and the surface of
the sea was seen covered wth foatng bodes. Meneaus
and hs companons were thrown by the waves upon a part
of the coast of gypt whch was at that tme the genera
haunt of buccaneers. ate n the evenng, eucppe and
contrved to reach Peusum, and upon gettng to and
than ed the gods for our escape nor dd we omt bewang
Cnas and atyrus, beevng them to have been drowned.
0 ord methought what pan t was to drown
hat dreadfu nose of water n mne ears
hat sghts of ugy death wthn mne eyes
.... often dd strve To yed the ghost, but st the envous food
ept n my sou, and woud not et t forth
To see the empty, vast, and wand rng ar,
ut smother d t wthn my pantng bu ,
hch amost burst to bech t n the sea.
ha sp. chard .
2 d 2
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404 C T T U .
n the tempe of Casan upter, at Peusum, there s
the statue of a youth very e poo hs hand s stretched
out and hods a pomegranate, whch has a mystc meanng.
fter prayng to ths dety, and as ng tdngs of Cnas
and atyrus (for the god s beeved to be prophetc) we
wa ed about the tempe n the treasury at the rear of
ths edfce we saw two pctures by the artst vanthes.
The sub ect of one was ndromeda, of the other, Prome-
theus. oth were represented as bound, for whch reason
probaby the panter had assocated them together. They
furnshed other ponts of resembance aso both had a
roc for ther prson house, and savage beasts for ther
e ecutoners, the one beng a brd of prey, the other a sea
monster. The champons aso who came to ther rescue
were both Grecans, ercues and Perseus. The former s
represented standng on the ground and amng hs arrow
at the brd of ove the atter posed n ar drects hs
attac aganst the fsh. The roc s hoowed out, so as to
sut the sze of the maden s body, and the rugged surface
gven t by the panter, pany showed that t s ntended
to represent a producton of nature, not the wor of art
the maden s f ed n the hoow of ths roc , her ovey
form gvng her the appearance of a wondrousy-carved
statue, but the chans and the sea-monster beto enng a
hasty-panned tomb, eauty and fear are mnged n
her countenance, yet the paor of her chee s s not whoy
untnged wth coour, whe the brghtness of her eyes s
tempered by a anguor such as s seen n voets when they
begn to fade thus had the panter mparted to her the
e presson of comey fear. f er arms, e tended on ether
sde, are chaned aganst the roc , the wrsts and fngers
hangng down e the custers from the vne her arms are
of spotess whte, but approachng to a vd hue, and her
o named from Mount Casus near Peusum, where he had a tempe.
t seems ey that the productvty of nature was symbozed
by the frut, remar abe as t was for the number of seeds t contaned.
ote n a esey s erod., v. 41.
ara Tov ora afofov.
faorovg r u t, arpva, ff w ya farog
a tara. urp. ec, 0.
avT T e8og ra0oc. U do/t o-ty e op tf t f tp.
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C T Tr . 40
fngers appear boodess. ound n ths fashon she s
awatng death. er attre s brda, of whte, and reachng
to the feet, of a te ture so fne as to resembe a spder s
web, the producton not of the woo of sheep, but of the
down of wnged nsects whose webs ndan women gather
from the trees and weave. The monster s emergng from
the sea opposte the maden hs head aone appears above
the waves, but the outne of hs body s dstngushabe
beneath the water: the unctures of hs scaes, the curvature
of hs bac , the rdge of hs spnes, the twstng of hs ta
hs mmense aws are e panded as far as hs shouders, and
to the very entrance of hs maw. n the ntermedate space
s seen Perseus descendng from the s y, hs body na ed,
wth the e cepton of a mante about hs shouders, wnged
sandas upon hs feet, and a cap resembng Puto s hemetf
upon hs head n hs eft hand he grasps the Gorgon s
head, hodng t forth n the manner of a shed the face s
fearfu to behod, and even on the panter s canvas seems to
gare wth ts eyes, to brste up ts oc s, to sha e ts ser-
pents. s rght hand s armed wth a weapon between a
straght sword and a scmtar from the ht to the mdde
t s a sword, t then parta es of both, remanng sharp so as
to nfct a wound, and becomng curved n order to foow
up and mprove the stro e. uch was the ndromeda.
e t to t, as before remar ed, was a pantng of Pro-
metheus bound to the roc . ercues stands near hm,
armed wth hs bow and arrows. The vuture s feastng
upon hs sde, n whch t has nfcted a aceratng wound,
and wth ts bea nserted n the openng, seems to be
Tatus s supposed to mean the s worm, whch he cas rr vo ,
from ts changng nto a butterfy.
ud nenora thopum mo canenta an .
eera ue ut fos depectant eres. Trg. G. . 120.
n the 10th oo of the thopcs, the productons of the s worm
are caed dpa vuv vr fara ca u0a r/ara.
To put on Puto s hemet was a proverb for becomng nvsbe.
ee orn. . v. 844. n Crabbe s Parsh egster the coat s made
to serve the same purpose :
s shoes of swftness on hs feet he paced,
s coat of dar ness on hs ons he brac d,
s sword of sharpness n hs hand he too .
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40 C T T U .
dggng after the ver, of whch the panter aows a porton
to be vsbe. The taons of the brd are frmy panted
upon the thgh of Prometheus, who shrn s wth agony,
contracts hs sde, and draws bac hs eg to hs own hurt,
for the movement brngs the eage nearer to hs ver. The
other eg s stretched out straght before hm, and the
tenson of the musces s vsbe to the e treme pont of the
toes t hs whoe appearance s that of acute sufferng, hs
eyebrows are contracted, hs ps drawn n, and hs teeth
appear you coud amost compassonate the pantng, as
though tsef fet pan. n hs msery, ercues s come to
hs ad, and s preparng to transf hs tormentor aready
the arrow s on the bow, whch he e tends wth hs eft hand,
whe wth hs rght hand he draws the strng to hs breast
n dong whch the ebow s seen shortened from behnd.
The stretchng of the bow, the drawng bac the strng, the
hand touchng the breast, a seemed the wor of a snge
moment. Prometheus appears dvded between hope and
fear he oo s party at hs wounded sde, party at er-
cues fan woud he f hs eyes upon hm aone but hs
agony turns them bac , n part, upon hmsef.
fter remanng two days at Peusum to recrut our-
seves after our fatgues, havng fortunatey some money-
eft we engaged an gyptan vesse, and proceeded by way
of the e to e andra, wth the ntenton of ma ng
some stay there, thn ng ewse that we mght fnd n
that cty some of our shpwrec ed frends. Upon nearng a
certan town, not far from the rver, we suddeny heard a
oud shout upon whch the master e camng, The buc-
caneers are upon us endeavoured to put about hs vesse,
and to sa bac , when n a moment the bar was thronged
wth men of formdabe and savage men. They were a
rostro ue mmans vutur obunco
mmortae eour tundens, fcecunda ue pcens
scera, rmatur ue epus, hata ue sub ato
Pectore. n. v. 7.
tg Toc a Tv ovg aro vtra.
Then sezng fast the reed, he drew the barb
ome to hs bow, the bowatrng to hs breast,
nd when the horn was rounded to an arch
e twang d t. omer, . v. 123.
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C T T T/ . 407
ta and stout ther compe on was bac , not the et
bac of the ndans, but that of a mongre thopan they
had shaven heads and very sma feet, and spo e a barbarous
daect. s ths was the narrowest part of the rver,
escape was mpossbe so the master e camng, e are
a ost brought the vesse to. our of the buccaneers
came on board and carred off everythng whch they coud ay hands on, not forgettng our stoc of money we were
then ta en on shore, bound and shut up n a hut, when the
greater part of them rode away, eavng guards, who were
to conduct us ne t day to the ng, as ther chef s styed,
who, as we earnt from our feow captves, was about two
days ourney dstant.
hen nght came on, and we were yng there bound
and our guards were aseep, found esure to bewa
eucppe, refectng how many caamtes had brought
upon her. Deepy groanng n sou, and carefuy suppress-
ng any outward sound of gref, h, ye gods and gen
sad wthn mysef, f ye reay e st and hear me, what
henous crmes have we commtted, that n a few short
days we shoud be punged nto such a depth of msery
nd now, to crown a, ye have devered us nto the hands
of gyptan buccaneers, cuttng us off from any chance of
pty. ur voce and our entreates mght mofy the
heart of a Grecan prate for words oftentmes beget com-
passon, and the tongue mnsterng to the necesstes of
the sou, subdues the angry feeng of the hearer but n
our present case, what anguage can we empoy, what oaths
of submsson can we ta e ad tones more persuasve
than the yrens , these barbaran homcdes woud nether
understand nor sten to me must then be content to
suppcate wth sgns and gestures, and pantommc t show
t s not so much for my own msfortunes, severe as they
are, whch ament but how sha suffcenty bewa,
y comparng the descrpton of the pratca haunt caed the Pasturage (n the 1st . of the thopcs) wth that here gven us of
the persona appearance of the prates, together wth the account of
ther stronghod at the end of the 4th oo , we are enabed to form a
good dea of the gyptan 3ov o o or buccaneers, and of ther way
of fe.
t ov fp vov p fvo/a.
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408 C . T T T .
how suffcenty weep for thne, eucppe, thou who hasfc
shown thysef so fathfu n a the strats of ove, so tender
towards thy unhappy over ehod, the spendd pre-
paraton for thy marrage a prson for thy brda chamber,
earth for thy couch, the noose and the rope for thy nec -
aces and braceets, a prate for thy brdesman, a drge for
thy nupta hymn. 0 ea have than ed thee wthout
reason rather shoud upbrad thee for thy mercy greater
n reaty has been thy ndness to those whom thou hast
drowned ourpreservaton deserves rather to be caed destruc-
ton, for thou hast grudged us death e cept by the hands of
buccaneers. n ths manner dd nwardy ament, but
no tears came to my reef ths s ndeed pecuar to the
eyes n a great msfortunes n the season of any ordnary
gref, they fow ready enough,t and then they not ony
serve as ntercessors between the sufferer and the cause of
hs sufferngs, but they aso dmnsh the nward sweng of
the heart but n the tme of e cessve sorrow, tears ta e
to fght and are trators to the eyes sorrow encounters
them as they are sprngng from ther fountan, arrests
ther progress and compes them to retrace ther way
accordngy, turned from the drecton of the eyes they fow
bac upon the sou and e asperate ts nward wounds.
Turnng to eucppe, who had not spo en a word,
sad, hy are you sent, dearest hy do you not spea
to me ecause, she reped, though my sou st ves,
my voce s aready dead. The dawn mperceptby over-
too us whe we were engaged n conversaton, when
a horseman suddeny rode up wth a profuson of ong
matted har hs horse was as shaggy as hmsef and bare-
bac ed, wthout housngs of any nd, as s customary wth
the horses of these buccaneers. e came t appeared, from
vvf yuyog. Tatus probaby used the term wth reference to
eucppe beng ta en to the prate-chef. The strct sense of the word
w be found at p. of Gree and oman nt utes.
t Curse evea o uuntur ngentes stupent. en. pp. . 2.
.
n the econd oo of the thopcs, the author remar s on
ths pecuarty of the uccaneers : ouco ot yap a a re rpoc ro
fyoftp Ttpov t tavto a, a ) a rt)v fr v tg atppvv e ovo a
ffo o n T v ufwv r/3avovaav.
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C 1 T T U . 40
ther captan, wth orders to brng away any maden whom
he mght fnd to be an e patory offerng on behaf of the
prates, to ther god. The guards mmedatey sezed eu-
cppe, who cung to me wth shre s, but whe some of
them struc me, others tore her away, paced her on horse-
bac and rode away, eavng us who were st bound to
foow at greater esure. e had scarcey proceeded two
furongs from the vage when we heard a oud shoutng
mnged wth the sounds of a trumpet, and presenty a body
of heavy armed soders appeared n vew, upon whch the
prates, pacng us n the centre, stood ther ground and
prepared for resstance. The soders were about ffty n
number, some bearng ong sheds reachng to the feet,
others havng ony buc ers. The buccaneers, who were far
superor n numbers, began to pet the mtary wth cods
of earth : now, an gyptan cod can do more e ecuton
than any other, for beng of stony earth, t s at the same
tme heavy, rough, and agged, can rase a sweng and
nfct a wound. The soders reyng upon the protecton
of ther sheds cared tte for these msses, and watng
t the buccaneers were tred wth ther e ertons, they
suddeny opened ther ran s, when the ght-armed darted
out, each armed wth a aven and a sword, and so s fu
was the am that no one mssed hs mar the heavy-armed
proceeded to support them and a stubborn fght too pace,
n whch abundance of bows and wounds were e changed
on ether sde. Mtary dscpne made up for defcency
of numbers, the prates began to gve ground, whch, when
we observed, and the other prsoners burstng through
ther ran s went over to the enemy gnorant of our rea
condton the soders were about to us, when per-
cevng us to be na ed and bound wth cords, they receved
us nto ther ran s and sent us for safety to the rear
meanwhe a body of cavary came up and e tendng ther
fan s they surrounded the buccaneers, got them nto a nar-
row space and cut them down the greater part were soon
dspatched, some though severey wounded st ressted, the
rest were ta en prsoners. t was now about evenng the
n en. Cyrop. . 3. 17, there s an account of a sham fght,
where haf the soders pet wth cods, the other haf armed wth canes.
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410 C T T U .
commander of the forces, Charmdes by name, nterrogated
us severay, as ng who we were, and how we had been
captured. The others tod ther stores and reated my
own adventures after hearng every partcuar he desred us
to foow hm, promsng to suppy us wth arms t beng
hs ntenton, as soon as the rest of hs troops came up, to
attac the chef haunt of the prates, where t was sad there
were ten thousand men. eng a good rder re uested
the favour of a horse, and no sooner was my wsh comped
wth, than mountng went through the dfferent evou-
tons of a cavary soder, to the great deght of the com-
mander. e nssted on havng me as a guest at hs own
tabe, and after hearng my hstory at supper tme, e pressed
hs commseraton of my msfortunes.
The stenng to others gref oftentmes begets sympathy
n the hearers, and ths sympathy eads to frendshp, the
sou affected by the reaton of woe, passng from feengs
of pty to sensatons of a tenderer nd. Charmdes, at any
rate, was so much moved, that he coud not refran from
tears more than ths he coud not do, as eucppe was n
the power of the prates. may aso menton that he
ndy gave me an gyptan as my servant. The ne t day
he prepared to advance aganst the buccaneers, who were
seen n great force on the other sde of a trench whch t
was hs ob ect to f up. They had constructed a rude
atar of earth, and near t ay a coffn two men were seen
conductng the maden, whose hands were bound behnd her
bac .
coud not dstngush who they were, because ther
armour conceaed them, but easy recognzed eucppe.
fter pourng a baton upon her head, they ed her round
the atar, an gyptan prest a the whe chantng a
hymn as was evdent from the moton of hs ps and the
dd consent,
nd often dd begue her of her tears,
hen dd spea of some dstressfu stro e
That my youth suffer d. My story beng done,
he gave me for my pans a word of sghs.
he ov d me for the dangers had pass d
nd ov d her that she dd pty them. ha sp. theo.
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C T T U . 411
musces of hs face when ths was ended, a at a sgna
beng gven retred to a consderabe dstance, when one of
the young men who had conducted the maden paced her
upon the ground, bound her to four wooden pegs ust as
mage ma ers represent Marsyas bound to the tree and
then drawng a sword punged t nto her heart, and drawng
the weapon downwards ad open a her bey so that the
ntestnes mmedatey protruded then they removed and
ad them upon the atar, and when roasted they were cut
nto portons and parta en of by the prates. The so-
ders and ther commander upon wtnessng these proceed-
ngs cred out and averted ther faces n dsgust strange
to say, contnued to gaze n stupd astonshment, as f
thunderstruc by the surpassng horror of the spectace.
There may reay have been some truth n the egend of
obe, and from beng affected by the oss of her chdren,
n the same way n whch was now, her motoness ap-
pearance may have gven her the appearance of beng turned
to stone. hen the horrbe busness was, as supposed
ended, the voung men paced the body n the coffn, coverng
t wth a d, and after throwng down the atar, hurred
bac to ther companons, not once oo ng behnd them,
for such had been the n uncton of the prest.
y evenng the trench was fed up and the soders
after crossng t, encamped for the nght and prepared ther
supper. Charmdes seeng my dstress, dd a n hs power
to consoe me, but to no purpose for about the frst watch
of the nght, when a were aseep, too my sword, pro-
ceeded to the spot and prepared to stab mysef upon the
coffn. retched eucppe, e camed, thou most
-fated of human nd, ament not so much thy death,
nor thy dyng n a foregn and, nor that t has been a death
of voence but that such nsuts have been heaped upon thy
msfortunes that thou hast been made a vctm to purfy
the most pouted of ther nd that thou hast been rpped
Post terga uvenum nobes revooat manus,
t moesta vtta capta purpurea gat
on thura deaunt, non sacer acch uor.
pse sacerdos pse funesta prece
etae carmen ore vohUo cant.
en. Thyestes. v. 8 .
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412 C T Tr .
up whe yet ave, and abe to gaze upon the horrd process
that thou hast had an accursed atar and coffn for thy
ont grave, the former for thy bowes, the atter for thy
body. ad the fre consumed thy entras, there woud
be ess cause to greve but now, most horrbe, they have
been made to furnsh forth food to a prate band
accursed atar-torch, unheard of ban uet and yet the
gods oo ed uety down upon such proceedngs, and
yet the fre was not e tngushed, but pouted as t was
sent up ts odour wth acceptance to the detes eucppe,
thou shat now receve from me the offerng whch befts
thee. fter utterng these words, rased the sword and
was on the pont of stabbng mysef, when by the ght of
the moon perceved two men hasty runnng towards me
supposng them to be buccaneers, paused n the e -
pectaton of beng put to death by them they soon reached
the spot where was standng and both caed aoud to me,
and who shoud they prove to be, but atyrus and Mene-
aus. o profound was my gref at what had ta en pace,
that though saw before me two of my frends une -
pectedy ave and we, nether embraced them nor fet
any emoton of oy.
ezng my hand they endeavoured to wrest the sword
from me. n the name of the gods, sad , grudge me
not a wecome death, or rather, shoud say, a medcne for
a my s. Do what you pease w no onger reman n
fe, now that eucppe s gone. Tou may ndeed deprve
me of ths weapon, but there w reman a sword of gref
wthn whch sowy s and drn s my bood do you
wsh that shoud de by ths sow and ngerng death
Upon ths, nterruptng me, Meneaus sad, f ths be
your ony reason for dyng, you may put up your sword
eucppe sha soon come to fe agan. oo ed stead-
fasty at hm, and e camed, Can you nsut me n the
mdst of such caamtes have some regard for hosptabe
ove. thout farther deay he tapped upon the coffn
Magne reguator Deum.
Tam entus auds sceera tam entua vdes
c uando sseva fumen emttes manu, nunc serenum est en. pp. 71.
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C T T U . 413
severa tmes, cang out, eucppe, snce Ctopho s ncre-
duous, do you bear wtness to the truth of what say and
amost mmedatey a fant voce was heard proceedng from
the nteror. sudden trembng sezed me, and gazed
upon Meneaus, haf beevng hm to be a sorcerer he
proceeded to remove the d, when eucppe sowy rose
and came forth, presentng the most fearfu spectace
whch can be magned the ower part of her person was
entrey ad open and a her bowes had been removed we
rushed nto each other s embrace and both fe to the ground.
hen had recovered mysef a tte, sad to Meneaus,
you not e pan the meanng of a ths s not
ths eucppe whose face behod, whose form press, and
whose voce hear hat was t whch wtnessed yester-
day ther t was an de dream, or what now see s
an unreaty and yet ths ss s warm, ovng, and sweet,
as eucppe s was wont to be. er bowes sha soon
be restored, was hs repy the wound on her breast sha
be heaed, and you sha behod her sound as ever, but be so
good as to cover your eyes, for must ca ecate to end
us her assstance.
eevng hm n earnest foowed hs drectons, and
he began to practse hs uggng trc s and to mutter
certan sounds, at the same tme removng the contr-
vances from eucppe s body and restorng her to her
usua appearance. Uncover your face, he at ength
e camed. owy and wth great trepdaton for reay
beeved that ecate was there. removed my hands from
my eyes, and behed eucppe s own sweet sef, unharmed
n any way: more astonshed than ever, My dear Mene-
aus, sad , f you are the mnster of any god, te me
where we are, and what a these thngs mean. Do not
frghten hm any more, nterrupted eucppe, but at once
te hm how you contrved to outwt the buccaneers.
Tou may remember my teng you on board shp, sad
Meneaus, that am by brth an gyptan my property
es chefy about ths vage, and am conse uenty we
ac uanted wth the prncpa persons n t when and
atyrus after beng shpwrec ed were thrown on shore we
were conducted nto the presence of the prate chef some
of hs peope soon recognzed me, upon whch my chans
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414 C T Tr .
were ta en off, and after assurng me of safety was
strongy urged to on ther company as beng n some degree
aready nown to them. Upon ths re ured that a-
tyrus shoud be devered up to me, decarng hm to be a
save of mne: Tour wsh sha be comped wth, they
reped, provded you frst gve some proof of courage n
our cause. ortunatey they had ust then been com-
manded by an orace to offer up a vrgn as an e paton for
ther robber band, and after tastng the vctm s entras
they were to pace the body n a coffn and to retre from
the scene of sacrfce. The ob ect of ths was to str e
terror nto the mnds of the hoste force but, contnued
he, addressng atyrus, the rest of the story beongs more
propery to you.
Upon earnng that eucppe was ta en captve, sad
atyrus, ta ng up the narratve, fet sncere regret on
her behaf, and urged Meneaus by a means to save her
some good genus came to our assstance the day before
the sacrfce we were sttng by the sea-shore, overcome
wth gref and consderng what steps were to be ta en.
ome of the buccaneers espyng a vesse whch had got out
of her course from gnorance of the coast, hurred down to
attac her the crew endeavoured to put out to sea, but
beng too ate they prepared for resstance.
There happened to be among them a stage-payer or
recter of omerc poetry. rmng hmsef and the rest
after the manner of the heroes of the ad, they offered a
brave resstance, but beng at ast overpowered by a number
of the prate boats, ther vesse was sun and themseves
were saughtered. t chanced that after ths a chest foated
on shore unperceved by the buccaneers Meneaus gettng
t nto a retred spot opened t, supposng t mght contan
somethng vauabe among the contents were a coa and
a sword wth a ht fve pams n ength, the bade of whch
was not so ong: whe Meneaus was careessy handng
t, the bade few out and became e ua to the ht n ength,
and a dfferent movement reduced t, to ts former dmen-
patyu og one of a cass of persons who got ther vng by
rectng the poems of omer, and who s here represented as ac-
coutreng hmsef and the others n character.
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C T T T . 41
eons the fated owner had no doubt been accustomed to
use t upon the stage for the nfcton of mmc wounds.
mmedatey sad to Meneaus, f ony you w now gve
proof of your courage, the dety w second us, and we sha
be abe to preserve the maden wthout beng dscovered by
the buccaneers. e w get a sheeps n, one of the
softest and most fe be whch can be procured, ths we
w sew nto the shape of a bag, correspondng n sze wth
the human stomach, and after fng t wth entras and
bood, we w secure the openng havng done ths, we
w fasten t upon the maden s body, and by throwng
over her a robe bound by a grde and other fastenngs we
can easy concea the artfce. The nature of the orace
gven to the prates and the constructon of the sword, are
both strongy n our favour: the orace commands that the
maden when adorned for sacrfce s to be rpped open
through her dress and as for the sword, you see how art-
fuy t s contrved f you press t aganst the human body,
the bade fes nto the ht as nto a scabbard, whe a the
tme t w appear to the behoders to have been run nto
the body on the present occason ust enough of the bade
w reman out to cut open the fase stomach as soon as
the ht reaches the sheeps n, and when wthdrawn from
the wound, the porton of the sword contaned wthn the
ht w mmedatey fy out, so that t w appear to the
pectator that the whoe of the weapon was reay punged
nto the maden. The prates w not dscover the decet,
for as before sad, the s n w be conceaed by the dress
put over t, and the entras w mmedatey protrude
from the gash whch t has made these we sha pace
upon the atar, and as no one s to approach the body, we
sha be abe to pace t n the coffn. Tou remember the
prate-captan teng you that you were e pected to dspay
some proof of courage now s the tme to go to hm and to
ma e the offer.
foowed up my words by many entreates, nvo ng
ove the hosptabe, and remndng Meneaus of our havng
eaten at the same board and suffered the same pers of
To /orpa7r ov to have eaten at the same tabe, was consdered
an nvoabe obgaton to frendshp and a a ra rpam av rapa-
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41 C T T T .
shpwrec . The worthy and true hearted man reped, The
underta ng s arduous, but one ought to be prepared to
de n the sa e of a frend, and death n such a cause s
sweet. then e pressed my beef that Ctopho was st
ave, for the maden had mentoned to me hs beng eft
behnd, among the other prsoners, n addton to whch the
buccaneers who had fed, brought word to ther captan,
that a the captves had contrved to escape nto the enemy s
ran s durng the engagement. Tou w therefore,
added, be dong hm a very great ndness and w aso
be the means of deverng ths unhappy maden out of her
msfortunes. succeeded n persuadng hm, and ortune
favoured us n our underta ng. he was bused n
preparng what was needed for our contrvance, Meneaus
proceeded to the buccaneers to ma e the proposa aready
mentoned. The chef, by a uc y chance, antcpated hm,
and sad, e have a aw, that new comers t amongst us,
shoud frst begn the sacrfce, especay when a human
vctm s to be offered be ready therefore aganst to-morrow
your save aso must ta e part n the soemnty. e
w endeavour, reped Meneaus, to show ourseves not
nferor to any among yourseves. emember, added the
prate-chef, that t w be for you to dress and arrange the
maden n the best manner for consummatng the sacrfce.
fterwards, when aone, we too the opportunty of fttng
out eucppe n the manner before reated, bddng her
have no fear, and carefuy nstructng her what to do, en-
onng her to reman uet n the coffn, f necessary, the
whoe day, but when an opportunty offered to see safety
by fyng to the encampment havng gven her these drec-
tons we ed her to the atar: what afterwards occurred you
aready now.
favttv, to transgress the sat and the tabe or n other words to
brea the aws of hosptaty and to n ure those by whom they had
been entertaned, was consdered one of the greatest crmes. obn-
son s nt . of Greece.
Thy frend put n thy bosome . . . .
f cause re ure, thou art hs sacrfce.
George erbert,
f rove rpuro vaT ac. rpdc Tt v avaT v
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C T T U . 417
he stenng to ths narratve, was overwhemed by
a varety of feengs, and dd not now how suffcenty to
e press my deep grattude to Meneaus however adopted
the most common method, and throwng mysef at hs feet, embraced hs nees and worshpped hm as a god, my
heart thrng wth deght. eng now easy concernng
eucppe, hat, n ured, has become of Cnas
The ast tme saw hm, reped Meneaus, was when
he was cngng to the yard after the shpwrec what
afterwards became of hm cannot te.
Upon hearng ths, coud not repress a cry of gref n
the mdst of my oy no doubt some magnant genus
enved me the possesson of pure and unaoyed happness
for ths cause doubtess, he whom ne t to eucppe most
vaued, was especay seected as a vctm by the sea, that
not ony hs sou mght persh, but that he mght ose the
rghts of seputure. h, ruthess ocean, thus to curta the
fu measure of thy mercy towards us
There beng nothng to detan us onger, we a repared
to the encampment, and passed the rest of the nght n my
tent nor was t ong before the adventure became nown.
t daybrea , conductng Meneaus to the commander, re-
ated every partcuar Charmdes was hghy peased, and
e pressed hmsef n the most frendy terms towards hm.
e ne t n ured what the strength of the enemy amounted
to. Meneaus reped, That the whoe pace was fu of
desperate men, and that the buccaneers numbered perhaps
ten thousand men.
ur fve thousand, sad Charmdes, w be a match
for twenty thousand such as they are: besdes whch two
thousand men w shorty arrve from the troops who gar-
rson the Deta and eopos. he he was st spea -
ng, a boy came n and sad that an e press had come from
the camp n the Deta, to announce that the e pected ren-
Ths passage may be ustrated by one whch occurs n .v. t
s sad that the sous of those who have found a watery grave do not
descend to ades, but wander about the surface of the waves. Death
by shpwrec , where the body was swaowed up by the deep, was
especay dreaded by the ancents, snce wthout bura of the body,
the sou coud not be admtted nto the ysan eds. ee vd,
Trst. . 2, 1. rg. n. v. 32 , 330.
2s
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418 C T T C .
forcement woud not arrve for fve days the ncursons of
the buccaneers n that uarter had been repressed ndeed,
but when the troops were on the pont of marchng, the
sacred brd, bearng the sepuchre of hs father, had ap-
peared among them, and on ths account the march must be
deayed durng the perod mentoned.
nd pray, n ured , what brd s ths whch s
treated wth such respect hat sepuchre s t whch he
carres wth hm e s caed the Phoen , was the
repy and s a natve of thopa he s about the sze of
the peacoc , but superor to hm n beauty hs pumage s
bedropt wth god and purpe,t and he boasts of beng
descended from the sun, a cam whch s borne out by the
appearance of hs head, whch s crowned by a spendd
crce, the very mage of that orb. The hues are mnged
rose and azure, and the dsposton of the feathers represent
the rays. e beongs to the thopans durng hs fe,
but the gyptans possess hm after he s dead. e s very
ong ved, and upon hs decease hs son bears hm to the
e, havng frst prepared hs sepuchre n the foowng
manner. Ta ng a mass of the most fragrant myrrh, suff-
cent for the purpose, he e cavates the centre wth hs
bea , and the hoow becomes a receptace for the dead
then cosng up the aperture wth earth, he soars aoft and
carres ths frut of hs pous abour to the e. fght
of other brds attends hm, as a guard of honour, and he
resembes a monarch ma ng a progress. e never devates
from the pace of hs destnaton, the cty of the sun, whch
s the restng-pace of the departed brd upon arrvng there
he statons hmsef upon an eevated spot, and awats the
Compare the descrpton of the Phcen wth those n Tactus, nna.
v. 28, and n erod, . 73, where see a note n a esey s edt. The
ob ect of whch s to show that by the Phoen s meant a secuar perod,
t Pny says, m fugore crca coa, cetera purpureus, cserueam
rosos caudam perms dstnguentbus. . . . 2.
. uatur toto capt radata corona
Phcebe referens, vertcs ata decus.
uctor Carm. ncert.
ve hundred years accordng to erodotus, accordng to other
wrters 1 0 years.
Muto cseterarum voucrum comtatu novam facem nran-
tum. Tac. nn. v. 28.
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C T T U . 41
arrva of the mnster of regon. Presenty an gyptan
prest comes forth from the sanctuary, bearng a boo con-
tanng a pcture of the brd, n order that he may udge
whether t be genune. The phoen , aware of ths, opens
the receptace, and e hbtng the body, ma es ntercesson
for ts nterment after whch t s receved by the sons of
the prest and bured thus, as have aready observed, ths
brd s an thopan durng hs fetme, but ma es hs
grave wth the gyptans.
.
Upon hearng of the preparatons made by the buccaneers,
and of the march of the renforcements beng postponed,
Charmdes resoved upon returnng to hs former uarters,
and there to awat ther arrva. odgng was assgned
by hm to eucppe and me at a tte dstance. o
sooner had entered t, than ta ng her n my arms,
endeavoured to accompsh my wshes she woud not con-
sent however, upon whch sad to her: Do you not
observe how many strange and unforeseen accdents befa
us frst we are shpwrec ed, then we come nto the hands
of prates, and ne t you are e posed to be sacrfced, and to
undergo a crue death. ortune has ust now ued the
storm, et us, therefore, ta e advantage of the opportunty,
before any yet severer caamty overta es us.
t s not awfu for me to consent now, was her repy
for whe was bewang mysef at the prospect of beng
sacrfced, the goddess Dana appeared to me n a dream
and sad: eep not, maden, thou shat not de w
protect thee, and thou must reman a vrgn unt conduct
thee to thne husband, who sha be Ctopho, and no one
ese.
Upon hearng ths crcumstance, was very much annoyed
at the deay, but yet re oced at the prospect of future
happness opened to me and her menton of the dream
o on mrcupog oofarr .
2e2
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420 C T T U .
remnded me of somethng smar whch had happened to
mysef. thought that durng the precedng nght saw
the tempe of enus, and coud dscern the statue of the
goddess wthn upon approachng t wth the desgn of
offerng up my prayers, the doors were suddeny cosed,
and whe standng there n a state of dsappontment, a
femae strongy resembng the statue of the goddess ap-
peared to me and sad: t s not permtted thee to enter
the tempe now but f thou wt wat for a short perod,
w not ony open to thee ts doors, but w consttute thee
my prest. reated ths dream to eucppe, and athough
my attempts upon her chastty were not repeated, coud
not get over my feengs of ve aton.
n occurrence whch ust then too pace gave Charmdes
an opportunty of seeng eucppe and concevng a passon
for her. ome person had captured a very curous rver
anma, caed by the gyptans the e-horse, and n
truth he resembes that anma n hs bey and egs, e cept
that he has coven hoofs hs sze s e ua to that of the
argest o he has a short ta, whch as we as hs body, s
devod of har hs head s arge and round, wth chee s
e those of a horse hs nostrs are wdey e panded and
breathe out spar s, as t were, of fery vapours t he has an
mmense under- aw, whch opens to neary the ength of hs
head, and t s garnshed wth canne teeth e those of a
horse n shape and poston, but three tmes as arge. e
were nvted to see ths creature, and oo ed at t wth
great nterest but the eyes of the commander were
rvetted upon eucppe, of whom he mmedatey became
enamoured.
n order to detan us there the onger, and by ths means
to feast hs own eyes, he entered upon a engthy descrpton
of the anma, ts nature and habts, and the manner n
erod, . 71, commts the same error, usng the e presson
tf ov, whereas the foot of the anma s dvded nto toes e that
of the eephant. n a note Mr. a esey remar s, that n some of the
tempes of pypt, the anma s found depcted wth coven hoofs and
huge pro ectng tus s, as descrbed by erodotus and Tatus.
Compare ob s descrpton of evathan. ut of hs mouth
go burnng amps, and spar s of fre eap out. ut of hs nostrs
goeth smo e, as out of a seethng pot or cadron. - s breath mUeth
cous, and a tame goeth out of hs mouth. . 1 21.
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C T T T . 421
whch t s captured that t s so voracous as to eat
up a whoe fed of corn, and s ta en by empoyng the
foowng stratagem. avng found out hs usua haunt,
the hunters dg a deep pt, whch they cover wth reeds and
earth, underneath s paced a wooden chest wth open doors
whch reach to the top of the pt. The anma n passng
over the spot at once fas nto the chest as nto a cave,
when the hunters, who have been on the watch, mmedatey
cose the doors, and n ths manner secure ther prey. t
woud be n van to attempt capturng hm by force for not
ony s he very powerfu, but has a hde so hard and thc
as to render hm proof aganst any wounds he may be
caed the gyptan eephant, and n strength comes ne t
to the eephant of nda.
ave you ever seen an eephant n ured Meneaus.
have, reped Charmdes, and have conversed wth
persons we ac uanted wth the pecuarty attendng ts
brth.
here remar ed that the anma was nown to me ony
havng seen a pcture of t. e, then, contnued he,
w gve you an account of t for we have abundance
of esure. The tme of gestaton wth the femae s ten
years, f so that when she brngs forth her caf he s aready
od. To ths cause we may, n my opnon, attrbute hs
great bu , hs unrvaed strength, and hs ongevty for
he s sad to ve onger than esod s cr ow. s aw may
be sad to resembe the head of an o , for t appears to have
The hde s upwards of an nch and a haf n thc ness t s
chefy used for whps the we- nown cow hdes are made of ths
matera. ood s at. st.
Pny says: Decern anns gestare n utero vugus e stmat.
. . v.10.
The same strange noton s referred to by Pautus, tch. . 1, s. .
udv ssepe hoc vugo dcer,
oere eephantum gravdam perpetuos decern
sse annos.
esod e tends the crow s fe to 270 years. The passage referred
to has been preserved by Putarch:
vvcro yvdg a tpv a copv
v puv /3wvrwv.
ervatura du parem
Corncs vetuse temporbus ycem. or. v. d. . 21.
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422 C T T U .
two horns these, however, are the curved tus s of the
anma, between them pro ects hs trun , resembng a
trumpet n appearance and sze, whch s very convenent
for ta ng up hs accustomed food or any other edbe any-
thng of ths descrpton he sezes wth t, and bendng t
nwards, conveys t to hs mouth but f unsuted for hs
paate, he turns round hs trun , and e tendng t upwards
devers the artce to the thopan master, who sts upon
hm as a rder does on a horse, and whom he caresses and
aso fears, obeyng hs voce, and submttng to be beaten
wth an ron a e. remember once seeng a strange sght,
a Gree nserted hs head nto the mouth of the anma,
whch wth e panded aws contnued to breathe upon hm.
s you may magne, was not a tte struc wth the
bodness of the man and the good-nature of the eephant.
The man tod me that he had gven the beast a fee for
breathng upon hm, that hs breath was amost e ua to
ndan spces, and was a soveregn specfc aganst the head-
ache. t appears that the eephant s aware of hs medca
s , and w not open hs mouth for nothng, but e a
sef-conceted physcan, as s for hs fee beforehand upon
recevng t he becomes a compasance, e pands hs aws,
and eeps hs mouth open as ong as the patent peases,
nowng that he has receved a consderaton for hs breath. ow comes so -favoured an anma to have so fragrant
a breath as ed. rom the nature of the food upon
whch he feeds, sad Charmdes. The country of the
ndans s near the sun they frst behod the rsng of that
dety, they fee hs hottest rays, and from hs nfuence ther
s n ac ures ts hue. ow there s n Greece a dar -
cooured fower, whch among the ndans s not a fower
but a eaf, e those whch are seen on any tree n that
and t conceas ts fragrance, and s therefore n tte est-
maton ether t does not care for ceebrty among ts
countrymen, or ese t grudges them ts sweetness but f
ony t eave that country and be transpanted, t opens ts
secret treasure-house, nstead of a eaf becomes a fower,
and cothes tsef wth perfume. The ndans ca ths the
nd autem, uod caore vcn gns, sangus n atrum coorem versus est, ugr sunt fact. ygnus.
ee aso vd, Met. . 23 .
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C 11 T T T . 423
bac rose, and t s as common a food for the eephant as
among us grass s for o en and from feedng upon t,
amost from ts brth, the anma e haes the fragrance of
hs food, and hs breath becomes a fount of sweets.
hen Charmdes had ended hs dssertaton and we were
departed, he not ong after for whoever burns wth the fre
of ove cannot endure deay sent for Meneaus, and ta ng
hs hand, thus addressed hm: Tour conduct to Ctopho
shows you to be a sncere frend, nor sha you have to com-
pan of want of frendshp upon my part. have a favour
to re uest whch t s easy for you to grant, and by grantng
t you w preserve my fe. now that am desperatey
smtten wth eucppe you must hea the wound she s
n your debt for havng saved her.t ow w gve you
ffty god peces for the good servce whch re ure, and
she hersef sha receve as many as she peases.
eep your god, reped Meneaus, for those who ma e
a traffc of ther favours you have aready receved me nto
your frendshp, and t sha be my endeavour to promote
your wshes.
mmedatey afterwards he came to me and reated
the whoe matter. fter deberatng what course to adopt,
dssmuaton appeared most feasbe, snce t woud have
been dangerous to gve hm an absoute refusa, for fear of
hs empoyng voence, and t was whoy out of our power
to escape, surrounded as we were by the buccaneers n one
drecton, and by hs troops on the other.
eturnng to Charmdes after a short nterva, Meneaus
sad: Tour ob ect s accompshed. t frst the maden
gave a downrght refusa, but at ength, upon my redoubng
my entreates and remndng her of her debt of grattude
towards me, she consented stpuatng, however, for a few
days deay unt we can reach e andra for ths pace
ccordng to the Commentators, t s the apvo pv ov, or cove-
tree, whch produces ths wonderfu effect upon the eephant, ma ng
hs breath
e the sweet south,
That breathes upon a ban of voets,
teang and gvng odour. Twefth ght.
f u a ra oo 7rap avrr o,dypa.
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424 C T T U .
beng a mere vage, everythng becomes nown, and there
are many eyes upon us.
Tou f a ong postponement to your favour, sad
Charmdes. ho can thn of deferrng hs wshes n tme
of war th an engagement before hm, and so many
ways of death, how can the soder te whether hs fe w
be spared f you w preva on ortune to guarantee
my safety, w wat. Consder that am about to fght
these buccaneers, and a the whe a war of a dfferent nd
s ragng n my sou a warror armed wth bow and arrow,
s commttng havoc there fee mysef van ushed am
fu of wounds prthee send for the eech wth speed, for
the danger presses. sha have to carry fre and sword
among the enemy, but ove has aready nded hs torch to
my destructon e tngush ths fame, beseech, good
Meneaus t w be a far omen to on n ove before
we on n batte et enus, therefore, herad me on my
way to Mars.
ut you do not consder, re oned Meneaus, how
dffcut t s to avod dscovery from her ntended husband,
who s so enamoured of her. h as for Ctopho, we
can easy get hm out of the way, sad Charmdes.
eeng hm so frmy bent upon hs purpose, Meneaus
began to have fears for my safety, and suddeny bethought
hmsef of a fresh e cuse. f you must now her rea
motve for ths deay, t s that her monthy sc ness s
upon her, conse uenty she must abstan from se ua nter-
course. n that case, sad the other, w wat three
or four days, whch w be ute suffcent but n the
meanwhe she can, at any rate, come and ta to me.
can hear her voce, press her hand, and touch her person,
and ss her ps. er ndsposton need be no mped-
ment to ths.
hen Meneaus tod ths to me, e camed, that
woud sooner de than have eucppe bestow her ps upon
another. ss, sad, s the best part of ove the
moment of actua en oyment s soon over, and brngs wth
t satety, and s ndeed worth nothng f we ta e away the
ho rseth from a feast,
th that een appette that he sts down
Merchant of ence.
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C T T U . 42
ssng. ss need have no mt to ts duraton t never
coys, t s aways new. Three thngs, e ceent n ther
nature, proceed from the mouth, the breath, the voce, and
ast of a, the ss, of whch the ps are the nstruments,
but the seat of peasure s n the sou. eeve me, Mene-
aus, for my troubes compe me to revea the secret,f
these are the ony favours whch have receved from
eucppe she s a woman ony as havng been ssed by
me n a other respects she s st a vrgn. w not
put up wth the oss of them w not have my sses
aduterousy daed wth.
f such be the case, sad Meneaus, we must speedy
resove upon some pan one who s n ove ( e Charmdes)
as ong as he has a hope of success w wat and feed on
e pectaton, but f drven to despar, hs ove changes nto
hate and urges hm to ta e vengeance upon the obstace to
hs desres and supposng he has the power to do ths wth
mpunty, the very fact of beng free from fear deepens hs
resentment and urges hm on to hs revenge. n the mdst
of our deberaton some one hasty entered, and nformed
us that eucppe whe wa ng about had suddeny faen
down, and ay there wdy rong her eyes. e hurred
to her, and fndng her st yng on the ground, we as ed
what aed her o sooner dd she see me, than startng
up and garng fercey from her bood-shot eyes, she struc
me wth voence upon the face, and when Meneaus endea-
voured to support her, she proceeded to c hs shns.
Percevng that she was abourng under frenzy, we sezed
her by man force and endeavoured to overpower her, she
on her part ressted, and n her strugges was at no pans to
hde what women generay wsh to eep conceaed. o
freat was the dsturbance that at ength the commander
hmsef came n, and wtnessed what was gong on. t frst
he was suspcous of some fraud contrved aganst hmsef,
p r fa a aopvrov crv, a a oprov, a avbv a.
op 7) o/ u re fvarfpa, an auson to the reveang of regous
mysteres. dde s e .
oh fo era )ov ra f ruara.
vvuv rv n raau avr ov o r rrp a arrav.
en. e. . v. 1 .
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42 C T T U .
and oo ed sterny upon Meneaus but seeng the truth,
he became moved by feengs of compasson.
Meanwhe cords were brought and the unhappy maden
was bound upon seeng her hands confned n ths manner,
besought Meneaus (a but a few havng eft the tent)
to set her arms at berty her tender arms, sad, can-
not endure ths harsh treatment eave me wth her aone
my arms sha be her fetters, and she may e haust her
frenzy upon me why, ndeed, shoud wsh to ve, snce
eucppe no onger nows me ow can behod her
yng thus bound, and though havng the power, shew no
desre to reease her as ortune devered us from the
hands of buccaneers ony that she may fa a prey to mad-
ness Unhappy that we are, when w our condton
change e escape dangers at home ony to be overta en
by the shpwrec saved from the fury of the sea and freed
from prates, we were reserved for the present vstaton
madness ven shoudst thou recover thy senses, dearest,
fear est the ev genus may have somethng worse n
store ho can be pronounced more unhappy than our-
seves, who have cause to dread even what bears the appear-
ance of good fortune et ortune, however, agan ma e
us her sport, provded ony can see thee restored to heath
and sense Meneaus and those present dd a they coud
to comfort me, sayng that such maades were not astng,
and were very common n the hot season of youth at such
a tme the young bood, heated by the vgour of the body,
runs bong through the vens, and overfowng the bran
drowns the powers of reason the proper course, therefore,
woud be to have medca advce.
Meneaus went to the commander wthout deay, and
re uested that the physcan beongng to the troops
mght be caed n. Charmdes ready comped, for a
over deghts n grantng favours. fter vstng her,
he sad, we must ma e her seep n order to subdue the
paro ysm of her dsease for seep s the medcne of
every sc ness, and afterwards we w have recourse to
u ty ov torvov e y rpov, trcovpov voaov,
o roTva r Tuv u uv, wg e oo r)
a Toa varv ovav tu Taa 8t g. ur. r.
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C T T T . 427
other means. efore eavng her, he gave us a porton of
some drug, about the sze of a pea, whch was to be dssoved
n o and rubbed upon the top of her head, sayng that he
woud shorty brng a p to act upon her bowes. e
foowed hs drectons, and after her head had been rubbed
for a short tme, she fe aseep, and sept t mornng.
sat by her bed sde a nght n tears, and when saw the
cords whch st confned her hands, 1 coud not hep
e camng, Dearest eucppe, bondage s st thy por-
ton not even n seep s berty aowed thee hat
mages, wonder, are now passng before thy mnd Does
sense attend upon thy seep or do thy dreams aso parta e
of frenzy Upon wa ng she uttered some ncoherent
words. oon after the physcan came and admnstered
the other medcne.
ust at ths tme pressng orders arrved from the ce-
roy of gypt urgng the commander to ead hs men
aganst the enemy. The troops were mmedatey mustered
wth ther offcers, and appeared on the ground n marchng
order, when, after gvng them the watchword, he dsmssed
them to ther uarters for the nght, and ne t mornng ed
them out to batte.
w now descrbe the nature of the dstrct aganst
whch they marched. The e fows n an unbro en stream
from gyptan Thebes as far as Memphs, when t throws
out a sma branch. here the wde part of the rver ter-
mnates, stands the vage Cercasorum there the country
becomes ntersected by three streams two fowng respec-
tvey to the rght and eft the other contnung ts onward
course traverses the dstrct caed the Deta none of these
streams fow unnterruptedy to the sea, but upon reachng
dfferent ctes separate nto varous branches, a of them
arger than any Grecan rvers ts waters nevertheess are
eep, that nts up the rave d seeve of care,
The death of each day s fe, sore abour s bath,
am of hurt mnds, great nature s second course,
Chef noursher n fe s feast.
Ths readng s ta en from the edt. by acobs, and s supported
by a passage n erod. . 17.
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428 C T T T/ .
not enfeebed and rendered useess by the many dvsons n
ther course they bear vesses upon ther surface they
are used for drn ng, and contrbute to fertze the and.
The mghty e s a n a to the gyptans, both and
and rver, and sea and a e, and a snguar spectace t s to
see n u taposton the shp and the mattoc , the oar and
the pough, the rudder and the hoo , saors cabns and
abourers huts, a resort for fshes and a restng-pace for
o en where but atey a shp saed, s seen a cutvated
pan, and anon the cutvated pan becomes a watery space
for the e perodcay comes and goes, and the gyptans
count the days and an ousy awat the nundaton, whe
the rver on hs part eeps to hs apponted tme, reguates
the rsng of hs waters, and never e poses hmsef to the
mputaton of unpunctuaty. Then comes the rvary
between the and and water each e erts ts power aganst
the other the water strves to food the and, and the and
does ts endeavour to absorb the fertzng water n the
end, con uest can be assgned to nether, but both may
cam the vctory, for each s co-e tensve wth the other.
n the pasturage whch s the resort of the buccaneers, a
uantty of water s at a tmes found, for even when the
e retres, the a es formed by ts nundaton contnue
fed wth watery mud over these the nhabtants can
ether wade on foot or pass n boats, each of whch w
contan one person any other nd woud be mbedded n
the mud, but those whch they empoy are so ghtt as to
re ure very tte water, and shoud none be found they
ta e them on ther bac s, and proceed on foot unt they
arrve at more. These a es, whch have mentoned, are
dotted over wth sets, some of them unnhabted, but
aboundng n papyrus reeds, between the ntervas of whch
there s ony room for a man to stand, whe the space
above s overarched by the summts of the eaves t s n
nstead of the common readng, rporaov, whch yeds no sense,
amasus proposes pwmov, a reapng hoo .
ucan mentons boats made of the papyrus :
sc cum tenet omna us
Consertur bbua Memphts cymba papyro.
ucan. . v.
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C T T U . 42
these paces that the buccaneers assembe, and secrety
concert ther pans, mas ed by these reeds as by a fort.
ome of the sets have huts upon them, presentng the
appearance of a rudey constructed town, whch serve as
the dwengs of the prates. ne of them, more remar abe
than the other for ts e tent and for the number of ts huts,
was caed cochs, and here t was that the man body of
the freebooters was coected confdng n ther numbers,
and n the strength of ther poston, the pace beng entrey
nsuated by agoons, e cept for a narrow causeway the
eghth of a me ong and seventy feet wde. s soon as
they were aware of the commander s approach, they had
recourse to the foowng stratagem: musterng a the
od men, they e upped them as suppants, wth pam
branches, commandng the most abe-boded among the
youth to foow, armed wth swords and sheds. The od
men were to hod aoft ther suppant branches, the foage
of whch woud serve to concea those n the rear, who, by
way of farther precauton, were drected to stoop and tra
ther spears aong the ground.
n case the commander yeded to the od men s supp-
catons, the others were to ma e no hoste movements f,
on the contrary, he shoud re ect ther entreates, they were
to nvte hm to ther cty, wth the offer of there surrender-
ng themseves up to death f he agreed to foow them,
upon arrvng at the mdde of the narrow causeway, the
od men, at a preconcerted sgna, were to throw away ther
branches and ma e ther escape, whe the others were to
ma e an assaut wth mght and man. They proceeded to
e ecute these drectons, and upon approachng the com-
mander, entreated hm to reverence ther od age and
suppant branches, and to ta e pty upon ther town they
offered hm a present of a hundred taents of sver for hm-
sef, together wth an hundred hostages, to be forwarded
by hm to the seat of goverment.t
et every soder hew hm down a bough,
nd bear t before hm thereby sha we shadow
The numbers of our host, and ma e dscovery
rr n report of us. Macbeth.
) rpoc. tt)v oarpamav.
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430 C T T U .
They were ute sucere n ma ng these proposas, and
woud have fufed them fathfuy had he consented upon
hs refusa, e must then, sad they, submt to our
destny at east grant us ths one favour: do not put us
to death at a dstance from our town, conduct us to our
fatherand, to our hearths and homes, and there et us
fnd our grave. e ourseves are ready to ead the way
Upon hearng these words, Charmdes ad asde hs ds-
postons for batte, and ordered hs forces to foow esurey.
The buccaneers had meanwhe posted some scouts at a
dstance, who were to watch the movements of the enemy,
and who, when they had reached the causeway, were to et
out the waters upon them. The canas whch ssue from
the branches of the e have hgh ban s, to hnder the
rver from foodng the and before the tme, and when the
feds re ure waterng, a porton of the ban s cut through.
ow there was a ong and wde cana behnd the town
whch we are spea ng of those who were statoned for the
purpose cut through the ban s as soon as they saw the
enemy approachng, and n a moment the od men fed, the
others charged wth ther spears, on roed the waters
rsng hgher and hgher, the causeway was fooded, and a
around became a sea.
The buccaneers at the frst onset speared the foremost
of the enemy, together wth ther commander, who were
ta en by surprse, and therefore ute unprepared, and
t s dffcut to descrbe the varous ways n whch the
others pershed. ome fe before they coud even hande
ther weapons some before they coud offer any resst-
ance for to see ther assaants and to receve ther
own death-wound was smutaneous others were san
before they coud see the hand whch sew them some
overcome by terror, remaned motoness awatng death
others upon attemptng to move were ta en off ther egs
by the force of the stream, whe others agan, who had
beta en themseves to fght, were carred aong and drowned
n the deep part of the agoons, where the water was above
ther heads those even who were upon and had water
up to ther mddes, whch, by turnng asde ther sheds,
e posed ther bodes to the enemy. The dffcuty of now-
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C T T T . 431
ng what was and and what was not, retarded many, and
was the cause of ther beng ta en prsoners whe others
supposng themseves st on and came nto deep water
and were drowned here were to be seen mshaps and
wrec s of an unwonted nd, a and engagement on the
water, and a wrec upon the and.
The buccaneers were greaty eated by ther success, and
attrbuted ther vctory not to fraud but to ther own
vaour for among the gyptans ther fear degenerates
nto ab ect cowardce, and ther courage mounts to rash-
ness n ths respect they are aways n e tremes, and are
whoy sub ect ether to the e cess or the defect. Ten
days had now passed and eucppe was no better upon
one occason whe aseep she cred out n a frenzed manner,
Gorgas, t s thou who hast drven me mad f tod
Meneaus of ths n the mornng, and began to consder
whether there was any one n the vage of that name.
e were ust gong out, when a young man met and
accosted me, sayng, am come to save you and your
wfe. Perfecty astounded, and thn ng that hs comng
was provdenta, re you Gorgas n ured. o,
reped he, my name s Chsereas Gorgas s the cause
of a the mschef. fet a thr run through me, as
as ed, hat mschef do you mean ho s Gorgas
ome dety betrayed hs name to me ast nght be you an
nterpreter of the announcement.
Gorgas, he resumed, was an gyptan soder he
s now no more, havng been san by the buccaneers. e
conceved a passon for your wfe, and beng we ac uanted
wth the nature of drugs, he compounded a ove phtre
whch he persuaded your gyptan servant to m wth
eucppe s drn he negected to dute the poton, so that
nstead of producng ove t brought on madness. was
The same manner of e presson s used by pueus, . v., of the
carcases of anmas destroyed by pestence.: Passm per pateas
purma cerneres semvvorum corporum ferna naufraga. The
reader w remember the fguratve anguage empoyed to descrbe the
death of Charces, thrown from hs unruy horse.
The drug he gave me, whch he sad was precous
nd corda to me, have not found t
Murd rous to the senses Cymbene.
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432 C T T U .
nformed of a ths yesterday by Gorgas servant, who
accompaned hs master aganst the buccaneers, and who
seems to have been specay preserved by ortune for your
sa e. e as s four peces of god for effectng your wfe s
recovery, havng, as he says, a drug whch w counteract
the effects of that whch has been admnstered.
bessngs attend you for ths good servce e camed
pray brng the man here of whom you spea .
o sooner was he departed on ths errand, than gong
n to the gyptan, struc hm repeatedy about the head
wth my cenched fst, sayng at every bow, hat was t
whch you gave eucppe hat s t whch has caused
her madness The feow n hs frght confessed every-
thng, confrmng what Chsereas had aready sad upon
whch we thrust hm nto prson, and there ept hm. y
ths tme Chsereas had returned, brngng the man wth
hm. ere are your four god peces as the reward for
your seasonabe nformaton but before you proceed to do
anythng, hear my opnon. s ths ady s ness has been
caused by swaowng a drug, cannot but thn t danger-
ous to admnster more physc whe the stomach s aready
under the nfuence of medcne te me, therefore, what
are the ngredents n your proposed remedy, and compound
t n my presence upon these condtons w gve you
four more god peces. Tour apprehensons are reason-
abe, he reped but the ngredents n my medcne
are a common and ft for human food, and w mysef
swaow the same uantty whch gve the ady. fter
specfyng the varous ngredents, he sent some one out
to procure them and as soon as they were brought, he
pounded them together n our presence, made two draughts
of them, sayng, one of them w drn off, the other s
for the ady t w ma e her seep a nght, and n the
mornng she w awa e ute recovered. e then swa-
owed the draught, and ordered the other to be ta en at
nght. must now go and e down, he sad, under
the nfuence of the medcne. th these words he eft
us, havng receved the stpuated sum, and wth the
assurance of the addtona reward beng pad hm, f eu-
cppe shoud recover. hen the hour arrved for admns-
terng the draught, poured t out, and thus addressed t:
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C T TUT . 433
ffsprng of the arth, gft of scuapus, may the pro-
mses made of thee be verfed shew thysef proptous and
preserve my beoved subdue the power of that ruthess
poton. Thus havng entered nto a nd of compact
wth the medcne, ssed the cup and gve t to eucppe.
he soon fe nto a profound seep, and whe sttng besde
her sad to her, as f she coud st hear me, t thou
reay recover thy senses t thou now me agan
ha hear that dear voce of thne Gve some to en n
thy seep, as yesternght thou ddst concernng Gorgas
happer are thy seepng than thy wa ng hours frenzy s
thy porton when awa e, but thou art nspred by sdom
when aseep.
t ength my words and thoughts were nterrupted by
the an ousy-e pected brea of day, and heard eucppe s
voce cang me by name. nstanty hurred to her sde,
and n ured how she fet she appeared to have no now-
edge of what had passed, and seeng that her hands were
bound, e pressed surprse, and n ured who had ted them.
ndng her restored to her rght mnd, undd the nots n
great agtaton, through e cess of oy, and then reated to
her a partcuars. he bushed upon earnng what had
passed, and amost beeved hersef to be st commttng
the same e travagance but my assurances graduay soothed
and restored her to hersef. Gady dd pay the m.u the
sum whch had been promsed hm, and fortunatey our
fnances were n safety, for atyrus had our money about
hs persont at the tme when we were shpwrec ed, and
nether he nor Meneaus had been pundered by the buc-
caneers. he what have been reatng too pace, a
much more powerfu force arrved from the seat of govern-
ment, whch succeeded n competey destroyng the prate
settement.
s the rver was now freed from any dangers on the part
of these marauders, we prepared to sa for e andra,
accompaned by Cha reas, for whom we had conceved a
frendshp on account of the dscovery whch he had made
to us about the poton. e was a natve of the se of
fo av.
rv v r/ vof, v , the grde used as a purse.
2
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434 C T T U .
Pharos, and hs cang that of a fsherman he had served
n a nava e pedton aganst the buccaneers, and at ts
termnaton had been dscharged. The rver whch, owng
to the depredatons of the prates, had for a ong tme been
deserted, was now crowded wth vesses and a peasant
thng t was to hear the songs of the saors and the mrth
of the passengers, and to see so many craft passng up and
down. ur voyage was e a contnuous festva, and the
rver tsef seemed to be eepng hoday. for the frst
tme dran some of the e water, wthout any adm ture
of wne, beng desrous to test ts sweetness, and wne,
may remar , aways spos the favour of water. avng
fed a transparent crysta gass, the ud ved wth, nay,
surpassed t n brghtness. t was sweet to the taste, and
had an agreeabe codness, whereas some of the Grecan
rvers are so very cod as to be n urous to the heath.
n ths account the gyptans have no fear n drn ng ts
water, and stand n no need of wne.t Ther way of
drn ng struc me as beng curous. They do not draw
up the water n a buc et, nether do they use any other
cup than that whch ature has supped, ther hand
when any one s thrsty he stoops over the sde of the
vesse, and, recevng the water n the hoow of hs hand,
er s t upwards wth such de terty, that t s receved
nto the open mouth, and not a drop s ost.
The e produces another monster, more noted for
strength than even the rver-horse, mean the crocode.
s shape s between that of a fsh and a arge anma.
s ength from head to ta s great, and out of proporton
to hs breadth hs s n s rough wth scaes the surface
of hs bac hard and of a bac coour, whe the bey s
whte. e has four egs, whch bend n an ob ue drecton,
ee the descrpton of the processon to abasts, n erod, . 0
whch ustrates the above passage.
t hen the soders of Pescennus ger murmured for want of
wne, he reped to them, um habets et vnum userts f and
the hstoran adds, s udem tanta us fumns ducedo, ut accose
vna non uadrant. partanus.
ee n erod, . 8, 70, a descrpton of the crocode and of the
mode of ta ng t.
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C T T T7 . 43
e those of the and tortose hs ta s ong and thc ,
formng a sod mass, and dfferng from that of other
anmas n beng the contnuaton of the spne, and there-
fore a consttuent part of the body, and on the top t s set
wth sharp spnes, e the teeth of a saw. t serves the
crocode for an mpement wth whch to capture hs prey
he str es wth t aganst hs antagonst, and a snge stro e
w nfct severa wounds. s head grows drecty out of
hs shouders n one ne, for ature has conceaed hs nec .
The most formdabe part about hm are hs aws, whch
open to an mmense e tent so ong as they reman cosed
they form a head, but when e panded to ta e n ts prey,
they become a mouth (the anma, may observe, moves
ony the upper aw) for so great s ther e panson that
t reaches to the shouders and to the orfce of the stomach.
e has many teeth, whch are dsposed n ong rows: they
are sad to e ua the days of the year n number. ere
you to see the anma on and, you woud not suppose
hm to be possessed of so much strength, udgng from
hs sze.
.
e arrved at e andra after a three days passage.
entered by the gate of the un, and was at once amazed
and deghted by the spendour of the cty. row of
coumns, on ether sde, ed n a straght ne to the gate of
the Moon these two dvntes beng the guardan gods of
the cty gates. n the mdst of these coumns was the open
part of the cty, whch branched out nto so many streets,
that n traversng them, one seemed ourneyng abroad
though a the tme at home.t Proceedng a tte farther
came to a part named after the great e ander here
began a second cty and ts beauty was of a twofod nd,
two rows of coumns e ua n e tent, ntersectng each
other at rght anges. t was mpossbe to satsfy the eye
/r r wav. v r fog dn-o / a.
2 3 2
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43 C T T T .
wth gazng upon the varous streets, or to ta e n every
ob ect deservng of admraton some of these one actuay
saw, others one was on the pont of seeng others one
onged to see others, agan, one woud not wngy have
mssed seeng those whch were actuay present rvetted
one s gaze those whch were antcpated tempted t to
wander: after turnng my eyes therefore, on every sde, so
dstracted were my feengs of admraton, that owned my
sght to be thoroughy bewdered and une ua to ts tas .
hat most struc me was the e tent of the cty and ts
vast popuaton, each of whch n turn bore away the pam
when compared wth the other the former seemed actuay
a country, the atter, a naton. hen oo ed at the vast
sze of the cty, doubted whether any number of nha-
btants coud f t and when consdered the muttude
of the nhabtants, as ed mysef whether any cty coud
contan them so eveny baanced was the cacuaton, and
so dffcut was t to come to a decson.
t chanced at that tme to be the festva of the great
dety caed ove by the Gree s, erapsf by the gyptans
torches were ghted up throughout the cty, and the effect
of so much ght was marveous, for athough evenng had
come on and the sun had set, there was no such thng as
nght, another sun mght be sad to have arsen, ony that
hs rays were scattered, so that the cty ved wth heaven
n brghtness. aso vsted the magnfcent tempe and
saw the statue of the Mchan ove, and after payng our
devotons to hs great dvnty, and prayng hm to end at
ast, our troubes, we returned to the odgngs whch Mene-
roavrr rg on roc rpvrdvr . The beautfu and reguar
form of that great cty, second ony to ome tsef, comprehended a
crcumference of ffteen mes t was peoped by three hundred thou-
sand free nhabtants, besdes at east an e ua number of saves.
Gbbon, vo. . 4 2.
ee the descrpton of hs tempe and statue. Gbbon, vo. v.
108 114.
The e presson n the Gree s remar abe a of dvtrcMv
r of ara Cpfar uv.
Ta e hm and cut hm out n tte stars,
nd he w ma e the face of heaven so fne,
That a the word sha be n ove wth nght,
nd pay no worshp to the garsh sun. omeo and uet.
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C T T U . 437
aus had engaged for us. The dety, as w be seen, dd
not hear en to our prayers, and another tra of fortune
yet awated us. Chaereas had for some tme been enamoured
of eucppe, whch was hs motve for communcatng to
me the crcumstance of the phtre, by dong whch he
hoped to become on ntmate terms wth us and to preserve
her fe for hs own ends. nowng how dffcut success
woud be, he had recourse to stratagem. eng a seafarng
man, he had no dffcuty n gettng together some feows,
haf-fshermen haf-prates, wth whom he arranged what
was to be done, and then under pretence of eepng hs
brth-day, he nvted us to an entertanment at Pharos.
s we were eavng the house a snster omen befe us
a haw pursung a sparrow struc eucppe on the chee
wth ts wng aarmed at the occurrence oo ed up
towards heaven and sad ove, what means ths omen
f ths brd be ndeed sent by thee, show us, pray, some
cearer augury. Upon turnng round, found mysef
standng by a panter s shop where was a pcture, the sub-
ect of whch was n eepng wth what had ust ta en
pace t represented the rape of Phomea, the cruety of
Tereus n cuttng out her tongue, every partcuar of the
sad drama was seen depcted on the tapestry, whch was
beng hed up by a femae save. Phomea stood pontng
to the dfferent fgures whch were wor ed upon t, and
Procne was ntmatng that she understood her, at the
same tme castng stern and angry oo s upon the pcture.
There, the Thracan Tereus was seen struggng wth Pho-
mea, whose har was dsheveed, her grde oose, her dress
torn, her bosom haf na ed her rght hand was panted
aganst the face of Tereus, wth her eft she was endeavour-
ng to pu her torn dress over her breast Tereus was
hodng her n hs arms, drawng her person towards hm,
and embracng her as cosey as he coud. uch was the
sub ect of the tapestry. n the remander of the pantng,
were seen the two ssters showng Tereus the recs of hs
supper, the head and hands of hs own chd fear and
o rt7r of. The pece of tapestry on whch Phomea, durng her
captvty had wor ed the representaton of her msfortunes, and whch
she had conveyed to her sster Procne. ee vd. Met. v. 411 7 .
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438 C T T T .
btter aughter are depcted on ther faces Tereus s eapng
up from hs couch and drawng hs sword aganst them, and
he has struc out hs foot aganst the tabe whch nether
stands nor fas, but seems n the very act of fang. n my
opnon, sad Meneaus, we shoud gve up the e curson
to Pharos, for we have encountered two unfavourabe omens,
the haw s wng and the threatenng pcture now those who
profess to nterpret such matters, bd us pay regard to the
sub ects of any pctures whch we may happen to meet wth,
when settng out on any busness, and to con ecture the
resut of our underta ng from the nature of what we see.
Dd you not observe how fu of ev augury ths pcture
s There s depcted n t awess ove, shameess adu-
tery and femae msery we ought therefore to defer our
e pedton. concurred n opnon wth hm, and we
e cused ourseves from accompanyng Chaereas on that
occason he eft us, very much ve ed at our determnaton,
sayng he shoud come to us the ne t day.
omen are naturay fond of hearng stores, accordngy
when he was gone, eucppe turnng to me sad, Pray
te me what s the sub ect represented n ths pcture
hat brds are they who are the women and who s
that shameess man proceeded to gratfy her wshes.
The hoopoe, sad, was once a man caed Tereus, the
swaow and the nghtngae were two ssters named Ph-
omea and Procne, natves of thens. ne woman, t
seems, s not enough for a barbaran, especay when an
occason offers for gratfyng hs ust and such an oppor-
tunty was offered to Tereus through the sstery affecton
of Procne, who sent her husband to nvte Phomea he
conceved a passon for her, on hs way bac , made her a
second Procne then fearng est she shoud revea the
deed, he, as the reward for her vrgnty deprves her of
speech by cuttng out her tongue, our nature s gory.t The
toGu ( opdv arroTov . .
aruT ryvog epyov ov aryoov
UftU) tv .....
a T fa wvov vv t M T g apf. ach. g. 1 8.
Tt phvr s T av og. Ths e presson may be ustrated by
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C T T U .
precauton was frutess, Phomea, by her s contrved
a sent voce she nwove the tragedy nto a web, descrp-
tve of the facts, her hand suppyng the pace of a tongue,
and reveang to her sster s eyes what otherwse woud
have been whspered nto her ears. Procne, earnng
through ths devce the voence whch had been perpe-
trated, determnes to ta e fearfu vengeance and two
angry women s mnds, consprng together, and nfuenced
by mnged feeng of eaousy and sense of wrong, contrve
a supper more detestabe even then the rape . They serve
up to the father hs own chd Procne had once been hs
mother, now she had forgotten the materna te, so power-
fuy do the pangs of eaousy preva over those even of
trava for women, when e actng satsfacton for a voated
bed, however deepy they may suffer n what they do, com-
pensate the pan by the peasure of nfctng vengeance.f
Tereus supped upon ths hesh ban uet, and afterwards
the ssters, trembng wth fear yet aughng horrby, brng
n the remnants of hs chd upon a dsh. e recog-
nzes the mserabe to ens, curses the food whch he had
swaowed, and dscovers hmsef to be the father of what
he had been feastng on. Maddened wth fury, he draws
hs sword, and s n the act of rushng upon the women,
when o the ar receves them metamorphosed nto brds.
Tereus aso becomes a brd, and ascends after them and to
show that ther change of form has wrought no change n
ther hate, the hoopoe (Tereus) st pursues, and the
nghtngae (Procne) st fes. e had for once escaped
the snare ad for us, but we ganed by t ony a snge day,
for ne t mornng Chsereas arrved, and feeng ashamed to
ma e any more e cuses we went on board a vesse and
Psam v. , wa e up my gory and Psam v. 10, My gory
re oced.
0 uam cruentas femnas stmuat door
Cum patut una pec et nuptse domus
oy 11a et Charybds cua contor uens freta
Mnus est tmenda, nua non meor fera est.
en. ero. ( t.
) nd ther revenge s as the tger s sprng,
Deady and uc and crushng yet as rea
Torture s thers, what they nfct they fee. yron.
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440 C T T U .
saed to Pharos. Meneaus sad that he fet ndsposed
and remaned at home. Chaereas too us frst to the ght-
house and drected our attenton to the wonderfu super-
structure upon whch t stood a roc stuated n the sea,
amost coud-capped, and seemng to hang over the waters
upon the summt of ths arose the tower, whch wth ts ght
served vesses for a second pot. hen we had vewed
ths, he too us to a house at the e tremty of the se and
stuated on the shore.
n the evenng, under pretence of hs stomach beng ds-
ordered, he went out n a short tme we heard a great
nose, and suddeny a number of powerfu men burst nto
the room, sword n hand, and turned towards the maden.
eeng my dearest fe about to be carred off, rushed nto
the mdst of them armed as they were, and receved a wound
n the thgh, from the effect of whch fe bathed n bood
they mmedatey put eucppe nto a boat and rowed
away. roused by the dsturbance and aarm caused by ths
occurrence, the commandant of the se came up whom
had nown when wth the army. e hbted my wound,
and earnesty besought hm to pursue the prates. ccord-
ngy, throwng hmsef and the soders wth hm nto one
of the many boats whch were n the harbour, he gave them
chase ewse was among the number, havng caused
mysef to be fted n.
hen the prates saw that we were ganng upon them
and were prepared for an attac , they paced the maden
upon the dec wth her hands bound behnd her some of
them, after cang out n a oud voce, ehod the prze
you wsh to wn, severed her head from her body, and
threw the trun nto the sea. Upon behodng ths
uttered a oud cry and was on the pont of castng mysef
Ths ceebrated ght-house, stuated at the entrance of the port
of e andra, was but by ostratus of Cndos on an sand whch
bore the same name, at the e pense of eght hundred taents. t was
s uare, constructed of whte stone, and wth admrabe art, e ceed-
ngy ofty, and n a respects of great dmensons. t contaned
many stores, whch dmnshed n wdth from beow upwards. The
upper stores had wndows oo ng seaward, and torches or fres were
ept burnng n them by nght, n order to gude vesses nto the har-
bour. Det. of Gree and oman nt .
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C T T U . 441
nto the water, but was prevented by those standng near
me then re uested the crew to e upon ther oars, that
some one mght ump nto the sea and f possbe recover
the body for bura they comped wth my re uest and
two of the saors throwng themseves over the boat s sde,
got hod of the corpse and brought t on board. Meanwhe
the prates ped ther oars st more vgorousy, and when
we were agan nearng them they caught sght of another
vesse, and recognzng those n her, haed them to come to
ther assstance these atter were purpe-fshers and e
the others prates. The commandant, seeng the odds aganst
hm, became aarmed and gave orders to bac water,t for
the prates nstead of contnung ther fght, were now
eager to provo e an engagement. Upon reachng the shore
and andng, threw mysef upon the body and shed btter
tears. Thou hast ndeed ded a doube death, my dearest
eucppe, e camed, dvded as thou art between
and and sea have a remnant of thee, but thou thy-
sef art ost to me the dvson s unfar, for thy arger por-
ton whch possess (thy body) s n reaty, thy esser,
(consderng ts worth,) whe the sea, n retanng the
esser part (thy head ), s n fact guty of retanng a
snce crue ortune enves me the happness of ssng thy
far face, w at east ss thy nec . fter gvng vent
to these amentatons, had the body nterred, and returned
to e andra, where much aganst my w my wound was
dressed, and where contnued to ve a mserabe fe,
though Meneaus dd a n hs power to consoe me. t
the e praton of s months, the voence of my gref began
to subsde tme acts as medcne upon sorrow and heas
the wounds whch have been nfcted upon the sou, for the
rop vp g. shers of the mure or purpe fsh. ee a note n
a esey s erod. vo. . p. 22.
f rpvfvav Upoaar . ee Thucyd. vo. . p. 0.
nce before, when apparenty sacrfced by Meneaus and atyrus.
. .
The head, as the nobest part, beng the representatve of the whoe
person and often used as a perphrass for t by the Gree and
oman wrters. Ctopho here e hbts hs ngenuty at the e pense
of nature, forgettng that
n honest tae speeds best, beng pany tod. chard .
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442 C T T U .
ght of day, and the brght sun are fu of cheerfuness,
and though the mnd may be fevered by e cess of sorrow for
a tme, yet t s graduay cooed and overcome by the
persuasve nfuence of tme.
ne day, when wa ng n the pubc s uare, some one
came behnd me, and wthout spea ng a word, sezed my
hand, turned me round, and warmy embraced me. or
a few moments new not who the party was, overcome
by surprse mechancay suffered mysef to be embraced
at ength, upon oo ng up and seeng hs features, who
shoud t prove to be but Cnas, so utterng a cry of oy,
returned hs embrace wth ardour. e then retred to
my odgng, where tod hm the partcuars of eucppe s
death, and he reated to me the manner of hs escape.
hen the shp went to peces, sad he, ad hod of
one end of the sayard, whch was aready crowded wth
peope, and endeavoured to hang on after we had been
tossed about for some tme, a great wave overta ng us
rased and dashed the yard aganst a sun en roc , from
whch t rebounded e an engne, and shot me off as
though had been hured from a sng. swam durng the
rest of the day, but wth tte hope of beng saved at
ength, when e hausted and abandonng mysef to the w
of ortune, esped a vesse bearng down towards me
so aternatey ftng up my hands, suppcated hep by
gestures. Moved by pty, or perhaps merey obeyng the
mpuse of the wnd, the shp came near me, and whe
runnng by, one of the saors cast a rope over the sde
sezed t, and was thus drawn out of the aws of death.
The vesse was bound for don, and some of those on board
to whom was nown showed me every ndness. e
arrved at the above cty after two days sa, when
re uested the donans on board (the merchant eno-
damas, and hs father-n-aw Theophus), not to menton to
any of the Tyrans whom they mght meet, the crcumstance
of my beng preserved from shpwrec . dd not wsh any-
one to now that had been away from home, and f those
two preserved sence n the matter, had hopes that
nothng woud be dscovered fve days ony had eapsed
snce my dsappearance, whereas f you recoect, had tod
my servants that was gong nto the country for ten days
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C T T TT : 443
and fortunatey found ths to be the prevaent beef
among my frends. Tour father dd not return home unt
two days after ths, upon hs arrva he found a etter from
hs brother, ostratus (whch came the very day after our
departure), n whch he offered you hs daughter s hand.
Upon readng t and hearng of our fght your father
was n great troube, both because you had mssed the
prze ntended for you, and because after so neary brngng
matters to a favourabe ssue, ortune had faed merey
through deay n the arrva of the etter. ot wshng hs
brother to now what had happened, he en oned secrecy
upon eucppe s mother, thn ng t probabe he shoud be
abe to dscover you, or at any rate, that upon hearng of
the betrothment, you woud both gady return, havng t
n your power to reaze the ob ect of your fght. e s
now usng every endeavour to fnd you out and ony a few
days ago, Dophantus of Tyre, ust returned from gypt,
nformed hm that he had seen you here mmedatey upon
hearng ths, too shp, saed hther, and have for more
than a wee been see ng you n ths cty. s your father
w soon be here, t s tme for you to decde upon some
pan. e ceased spea ng, and coud not hep nveghng
ttery aganst the crue sport of ortune. ow unfor-
tunate s my ot, my unce ostratus gves me the hand of
eucppe, and sends me a brde from the theatre of war,
so e acty measurng the tme as to avod antcpatng
our fght. My good uc and happness comes ust one
day too ate Marrage and the nupta hymn s ta ed of
when death has camed hs vctm, and t s a tme for
tears hom do they now offer me for a brde ven
her whose corpse am not permtted to possess entre
Tou have no esure for amentatons now, sad C-
nas what you have to sette s, whether you w return
to your own country or awat your father s arrva here.
w do nether the one nor the other, reped how
can oo my father n the face, after basey fyng from
hs house, and entcng away her whom hs own brother
had entrusted to hs charge othng remans but to
ut ths cty before he comes. t ths moment Meneaus
f.a apwg yu rapc fav fpav.
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444 C T T U .
came n, accompaned by atyrus, and upon seeng Cnas
they hastened to embrace hm. hen nformed by us of
the state of affars, Tou have an opportunty, sad a-
tyrus, of prosperousy settng a your affars, and of ta ng
pty upon a heart whch burns wth ove towards you.
sten, contnued he, addressng Cnas, enus has
thrown a pece of good fortune n the way of Ctopho
whch he s unwng to accept a ady, by name Metta, a
natve of phesus s doatngy n ove wth hm so rare s
her beauty, that t fts her for a scuptor s mode. he s
rch and young, and has atey ost her husband who was
drowned at sea she earnesty desres to ma e Ctopho,
w not say merey her husband but her ord paramount, t
and freey surrenders to hm hersef and a she has. he
has passed two whoe months here, endeavourng to persuade
hm. Tet he, heaven nows why, oo s cody upon her,
and sghts her sut, magnng, suppose, that eucppe
w come to fe agan.
n my opnon, reped Cnas, atyrus spea s sen-
sby t s no tme for hestaton and deay, when beauty,
heath, weath, and ove combne to woo you her beauty
w yed you deght, her weath w suppy the means of
u urous en oyment, and her ove w gan consderaton
for you consder, moreover, that the dety hates prde and
arrogance, so foow the advce of atyrus and yed to des-
tny. e then, sad , wth a deep sgh, do wth me
what you w, snce Cnas s of your opnon one stpu-
aton ma e, however, that am not to be pressed to con-
summate the marrage unt we arrve at phesus, for
have ta en a soemn oath to be connected wth no woman
n ths cty where have been bereaved of my eucppe
Upon hearng me say ths, atyrus hastened to Metta
wth the oyfu tdngs, and shorty after returned and sad,
that upon earnng them, she had neary fanted from e -
cess of oy he was aso the bearer of an nvtaton to me
to come to supper as a preude to the marrage. com-
Us ue ab unguouo ad capum summus est festvssma
stne 1 oonsdera sgnum pctum puchre vdera.
Pautus. pdc o. v. 1.
t taroTtv, o yap avpa pu.
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C T T T . 44
ped and proceeded to her house. o sooner dd she see
me, than fang on my nec she covered me wth sses.
must do her the ustce of sayng that she was reay beau-
tfu her compe on was far as m , but tnted wth the
rose, her brght and sunny oo was worthy of enus her-
sef, and she had a profuson of ong goden har, so that
upon the whoe coud not oo at her wthout some pea-
surabe emotons.
costy supper was served, she now and then too some
of the vands for appearance sa e, but n reaty ate nothng,
feedng her eyes on me. overs fnd ther chef deght
n gazng upon the beoved and when once ths tender
passon has ta en possesson of the sou, there s no tme or
desre for ta ng food. The peasure conceved by the
eyes fows through them nto the mnd, bears aong wth
t the mage of the beoved, and mpresses ts form upon
the mrror of the sou the emanaton of beauty dartng
e secret rays and eavng ts outne on the ove-sc
heart.f sad to her, hy s t that you touch none of
your own decaces you are e one of those who sup on
the panter s canvas. The sght of you, reped she, s
more to me, than the chocest vands and the rchest wnes,
accompanyng the words wth one of her sses whch
began to receve wth some degree of peasure ths sad
she, after a pause, s meat and drn to me.
n ths manner dd supper pass at nght she used every
endeavour to persuade me to reman and share her bed
however e cused mysef urgng the same reason whch
had prevousy advanced to atyrus. Much aganst her
w she aowed me to depart, upon the understandng that
ne t day we shoud meet n the tempe of ss, n order
to arrange matters and to pght our troth n presence of
the goddess accordngy went thther the foowng morn-
ng accompaned by Cnas and Meneaus, and we too a
mutua oath, to ove her n a sncerty she, to ta e me
Ts beauty truy bent, whose red and whte
ature s own sweet and cunnng hand ad on.
Twefth ght.
f The reader w ca to mnd a smar passage, n the conver-
saton between Cnas and Ctopho, n . .
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44 C T T U .
for her husband and to gve me the contro of a her pro-
perty. remnded her that the performance of these pro-
mses was to be deferred unt we shoud arrve at phesus,
for as ong as we are here, sad, you must gve pace to
my eucppe. nother magnfcent ban uet was pre-
pared, whch was n name but not n reaty the marrage
supper, for as have sad, the consummaton of our nup-
tas was postponed. Durng the entertanment, when the
guests were wshng heath and happness to the new mar-
red par, Metta turnng to me, sad haf n est, haf n
earnest, ow fat, stae, and unproftabe s a ths, e
the empty honours sometmes bestowed upon the dead
have often heard of a tomb wthout a body, but never t
now of a weddng wthout a consummaton. The ne t
mornng, nduced by a favourabe wnd, we saed from
e andra Meneaus accompaned us to the port, and
after many embraces and wshes for my havng a more
prosperous voyage than formery, too hs eave he was n
a respects a worthy and e ceent young man, and we
mutuay shed tears at partng. Cnas woud not eave
me, but determned to accompany us as far as phesus, and
after remanng there some tme, to return, as soon as my
affars were comfortaby setted. The wnd contnued n
our favour the whoe day, and at nght after supper we
retred to rest n a cabn whch had been parted off for me
and Metta n the hu of the vesse. e had no sooner
entered t, then throwng her arms around me she urged
me to consummate our marrage. e are now, she sad,
beyond the boundares sacred to eucppe, and wthn
those where you are pedged to perform your promse.
hat need s there to deay unt we arrve at phesus
remember, the sea s not to be depended on, the wnds are
fathess eeve me, Ctopho, burn woud that shoud
actuay show the ntenseness of the fre woud that t
possessed the same nature as the ordnary fres of ove
that so mght nfame you by my embraces but, aas t
has a nature pecuar to tsef, and the fame whch usuay
e tends ts nfuence to both the overs, n my case burns
ony ts possessor trange and mystc fre, whch refuses
vorapov ftp yp ov, tvoyd/ ov ov.
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C T T U . 447
to ut ts own pecuar precnts dearest Ctopho, et us
begn the rtes of enus Do not, reped, urge me
to forget that reverence whch s due to the departed we
cannot be sad to have passed the mts sacred to her me-
mory unt we arrve n another country. ave you not
heard how she pershed n the sea am therefore st
sang over eucppe s grave nay more, her shade may
even now be fttng around our vesse: t s sad that the
sous of those who have found a watery grave do not
descend to ades, but wander about the surface of the
waves for aught we now, she may appear to us n the
mdst of our embrace. esdes, can you consder the tossng
waves of the uncertan sea, a fttng pace for consummatng a
brda oud you wsh to have a fuctuatng and un-
stabe marrage bed Dearest, she resumed, overs
need no feather-bed, every pace s accessbe to the god
of ove nay, rather s the sea a most proper and fttng
pace for ceebratng the mysteres of enus. s not that
goddess daughter of the sea: n.honourng her sha we not
be payng homage to her mother verythng around us,
moreover, s embematc of the marrage rtes above us s
the sayard (resembng n form a yo e t) encrced by ts
ropes what can more fty symbose a weddng than a
yo e and bands cose to our bed s the rudder, embem
of safe arrva wthn the port ortune hersef s ceary
gudng our nuptas to a happy ssue. eptune hmsef,
who wedded a sea-brde, w wat upon us wth hs chor of
ereds and the wnds whch sgh so softy among the
ropes seem to be chantng our nupta song oo too, at
the beyng canvass, how t resembes a pregnant womb
even ths s not wthout ts proptous meanng, for t tes
me that ere ong you w be a father
eeng her become so pressng and so e cted, reped,
et us, f you w, contnue to dscuss these subte ponts
unt we reach our destnaton swear to you by the sea
tsef and by the fortune of our voyage, that am as mpa-
7raf ro7rof pua a afog.
f udng to the mast crossed by the sayard.
Metta st pursues her favourte hobby, symbosm. The
reader s referred to the Pa of rstophanes, ne 142, wth the
note n othe s edt.
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448 C T T U .
tent as yoursef but remember that even the sea has ts
pecuar aws and have often heard say from ancent
marners that shps must not be made the scenes of amo-
rous deghts, ether as beng sacred n themseves, or
because wanton peasure s unseemy amd the pers of the
ocean. et us not then, my ove, cast nsut upon the sea,
or cause our nuptas to be dstracted by aarms, rather et
us eep n store for ourseves pure and unaoyed deght.
These arguments mnged wth sses and endearments,
produced the desred effect and we passed the remander
of the nght n seep. ve days more, brought us to
phesus Metta s house was one of the fnest n the cty,
t was spacous and handsomey furnshed, and she had a
numerous estabshment. fter orderng a handsome supper
she proposed that we shoud n the meanwhe vst her
country-house, whch was not more than haf a me out of
town we rode there n her carrage, and then gettng out
wa ed about n the tchen-garden. f uddeny a femae
approached and threw hersef at Metta s feet she had on
heavy fetters and hed n her hand a hoe, her har had been cut
off, her whoe appearance was s uad, and her cothng con-
ssted of a sorry tunc. ady, she e camed, have pty
upon one of your own se , who once was free, but s now by
the caprce of ortune, a save. se up, reped Metta,
and te me who you are and from whence you came, and
by whom you have been thus fettered for though n rags
and msery your countenance bespea s good brth.
receved ths treatment from your baff, resumed the
The stern of the vesse was adorned wth the mage of the tute-
ary dety, whence that part of the shp was caed tutda, and hed
sacred by the marners.
non robore pcto
rnatas decut fugens tutea carnas. ucan, . 10.
ee aso, or. . d. v. 10 and Persus . v 30.
ro o pvrwv aav op aro aff
e panted gardens. Cowper. ad. v. 123.
aves who wor ed n the feds, were under an overseer ( 7r-
rforoo), to whom the whoe management of the estate was fre uenty
entrusted, whe the master resded n the cty.
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C T T U . 44
woman, because refused to gratfy hs desres my name
s acsena and am from Thessay throw mysef upon
your mercy, beseechng you to reease me from ths wretched
condton, and to guarantee my safety t sha have pad
the two thousand drachmas, for whch osthenes purchased
me from the hands of prates the sum sha soon be
rased, and unt then am wng to reman your save.
ee, she contnued, how cruey have been used,
and openng her tunc she shewed her bac furrowed wth
strpes, a ptabe sght. er voce and appearance over-
whemed me wth strange feengs, for seemed to recog-
nze n her a resembance to eucppe. ddressng her,
e comforted, sad Metta, w have you set at
berty and w send you home wthout ransom, then
spea ng to a save, ummon here osthenes The un-
happy woman was then dsncumbered of her fetters, and
the steward made hs appearance n great trepdaton.
an, sad Metta, dd you ever see any one, even
among the most -condtoned of my saves, used so shame-
fuy te me nstanty, wthout any shuffng, who ths
femae s.
Mstress, reped the feow, a now s, that a
merchant, caed Casthenes, sod her to me, sayng that
he had bought her from some prates, that she was free-
born, and named ac na. Metta nstanty degraded hm
from hs offce, but her she entrusted to the charge of her
mad-servants, wth orders to have her washed, decenty
dressed, and conducted to the cty then, after settng the
busness whch had brought her thther, we rode bac , and
sat down to supper. he we were thus empoyed, a-
tyrus wth a very serous countenance motoned to me to
come out of the room: dd so, ma ng some trfng e cuse,
when wthout utterng a word he put nto my hand a etter,
whch even before readng t, fed me wth consternaton,
for recognzed eucppe s wrtng the contents were
these:
r . v ra ayypanfva
uas n bro cum scrbuntur ters caamo
ts me tot am us ue umes conscrbto.
Paut. Ps. . . 130
2 a
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4 0 C T T T .
eucppe, to my master Ctopho.
am n duty bound to address you by ths tte, snce
you are unted n marrage to my mstress. though you
are we aware of my sufferngs on your account, t s neces-
sary for me to remnd you of them. or you eft the pro-
tecton of my mother and became a wanderer for you
suffered shpwrec and endured captvty among prates
for you . became an e patory vctm and underwent a
second death for you have been sod to savery, bound n
etters, made to bear a mattoc and to hoe the ground for
you have been beaten wth the scourge and a ths
n order that you mght become wedded to another woman
for suppose not that w gve mysef up to any other
man o have borne, and wthout a murmur, a these
s, and you, e empt from them, have been enabed to form new marrage tes f therefore you are mpressed wth any
sense of the sufferngs whch have undergone for ove of
you, urge your wfe to send me home n accordance wth
her promse, and underta e to be securty for the payment
of the two thousand drachmas, whch on my return, as
sha not be far from yzantum, w procure and send
though supposng you shoud have to pay them out of your
own purse, t w ony be a trfng compensaton for a
that 1 have suffered n your behaf. arewe, and may hap-
pness attend your marrage and remember that she who
wrtes ths etter has preserved her honour undefed. Upon readng these nes, became a prey to a successon
of confctng feengs ove, fear, astonshment, doubt, oy,
gref, by turns too possesson of my mnd.
Dd you brng ths etter from the hades beow,
n ured of atyrus. hat n the name of heaven does
a ths mean as eucppe come to fe agan Most
assuredy she has, reped he t s no other than she
whom you saw n the country, but she s so changed n
appearance from havng had her har cut oft , that scarcey
any one woud recognze her. nd are you gong to stop
short at ths good news p. as ed: Do you mean my ears
aone to be gratfed and my eyes to have no share n
aves were not aowed to wear ther har ong.
rura ra tfo of v, oyf v s c rstoph. ves, 881.
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C T T T . 4 1
the deght or heaven s sa e he cautous, was hs
repy et us frst contrve some course of acton, ese you
w brng destructon on us a. ny consder here s
ths ady, one of the most dstngushed for ran and weath
n phesus, mady n ove wth you, and we are n the
mdst of the tos wthout any possbty of gettng free.
Ta not of cauton, re oned , t s out of the ueston,
oy thrs too strongy through a my vens. Thn , too,
how she upbrads me n her etter and upon ths, agan
eagery ran over the contents, fancyng coud see her n
every ne, and e acuatng as read Tes, dearest eu-
cppe, pead guty to thy charge Thou hast ndeed
endured a these thngs for ove of me have been the
cause to thee of nfnte msfortune nd upon comng to
the menton of the scourgngs and other sufferngs nfcted
upon her by osthenes, wept as though actuay a wt-
ness of ther nfcton. efecton turns the eyes of the
sou upon the purport of what we read, and brngs every-
thng as vvdy before us, as f t were actuay beng seen
and done. uch was the nfuence of eucppe s words,
that her auson to my marrage made me bush as
though had been reay surprsed n the commsson of
adutery.
atyrus, sad , what e cuses sha offer eu-
cppe, t s cear, nows everythng nay, her ove may have
become changed nto hate ut te me by what means
she has been preserved hose corpse was that whch
was bured he w hersef reate everythng n proper
season, he reped. hat you have to do now s to
wrte bac an answer, n order to soothe her rrtaton.
soemny decared to her that you marred your present
wfe aganst your w. hat dd you reay te her
was marred Tou have uttery undone me then ow
coud you be guty of such foy hy ta me wth
foy The whoe cty s aware of t. ut swear by
ercues and my present ortune that no actua marrage
has ta en pace. onsense you share her bed.
we now, sad , that sha not be credted, but
nevertheess spea the truth: up to ths very day Cto-
pho has had no conne on wth Metta however, the pre-
sent ueston s, what am to wrte to eucppe My mnd
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4 2 C T T U .
s so confused by what has ta en pace, that reay now not how to begn. Upon my word, sad atyrus, t s
out of my power to hep you, but have no doubt that ove
w suggest materas for a etter but whatever you do,
ose no tme. at ength wrote as foows:
eath to eucppe, mstress of my heart t s my
ot to be at once happy and unhappy happy n that
have you mentay present to me unhappy n that you are
reay absent from me. ny defer pronouncng udgment
upon me unt the truth sha be ceared up, and you w
fnd that the e ampe of your chastty has been foowed by
mysef (f chastty may be spo en of n men) but f you
aready hate and have condemned me unheard, swear to
you, by those gods who have preserved your fe, that ere
ong you sha have proof of my perfect nnocence. are-
we, dearest, and st gve me a pace n your affec-
tons
Ths etter devered to atyrus, desrng hm to say a
he coud n my favour to eucppe. then went bac to
supper fu of oy, but not free from gref, we nowng
that Metta woud not aow the nght to pass wthout
pressng me to consummate our nuptas, and, havng reco-
vered eucppe, t was hatefu to me even to oo upon any
other woman. endeavoured to concea what was passng
n my mnd, but t was to no purpose, so at ast fegned
to be sezed wth a shverng ft.
Metta guessed that was see ng some e cuse for not
compyng wth her wshes, though as yet she had no actua
proof. hen, however, arose from tabe wthout fnsh-
ng my supper, and retred to rest, she got up and foowed
me nto the bed-room. then pretended that fet much
worse, upon whch she became very urgent wth me, and
sad, hy w you persst n actng thus ow ong w
you contnue to dsappont me e have now crossed the
sea, we are at phesus the tme s come for reazng your
promse. hy shoud there be any more deay ow
ong are we to seep together as though we were n a sanc-
tuary Tou pace before my eyes a refreshng streamf, of
ee the phrase, octes puras habere. Pautus, snar. v. 1.
ee Proverbs v. 1 18.
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C T T U . 4 3
whch nevertheess you prohbt me to drn and though
seepng near the very fountan head, am parched wth
thrst my couch may compare wth the feast of Tantaus.
he thus ventng her gref, she eaned her head upon my
bosom and wept so pteousy that coud not but sympa-
thze wth her sorrow and feeng her reproaches to be
ust, reay was at a oss what to do. t ast sad,
eeve me, dearest, by our country s gods, fee an ardour
e ua to your own but ths sudden ndsposton has sezed
me, now not from what cause, and, as you are we
aware, wthout the bessng of heath t s n van to thn
of ove.
he sayng ths, wped away her tears, and soemny
assured her, that ere ong she shoud obtan everythng she
wshed. ot wthout great dffcuty, however, dd suc-
ceed n pacfyng her. n the foowng day Metta caed
for the mad-servants, to whom she had commtted eucppe,
and n ured whether every re uste attenton had been
shewn her. They reped, that nothng had been omtted.
Upon ths Metta sent for her, and when she came nto
the room sad, need scarcey remnd you of the ndness
you have e perenced from me a as as a return s
assstance whch t s n your power to afford me. ow,
understand that you Thessaan woment can, by your magc,
wor so powerfuy upon the mnds of those you ove, that
ther affectons, nstead of wanderng to any other ob ect,
w thenceforth be whoy rvetted on you, ther mstresses.
t s a magc poton of ths nd whch now want from
you, to procure re uta for the ove whch s consumng
me. Tou remember, doubtessy, the young man who was
wa ng wth me yesterday suppose you mean your
husband, reped eucppe, macousy, for have been
tod by some of the househod that he stands to you n that
reaton. . pretty nd of husband nterrupted
Metta he has n hm more of marbe than of manhood
and my rva s a certan dead eucppe, whose name, whe-
ther wa ng or seepng, s aways on hs ps. our whoe
. . . . heath n the human frame,
s peasant, besdes beng true ove s essence. yron.
t ee ucan, . v. 0 , c.
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4 4 C T T U .
months have spent n e andra, entrey on hs account,
prayng and beseechng hm, and eavng nothng undone
ey to gan hs ove, but a to no purpose, for he remaned
as nsensbe to my entreates as any stoc or stone and
when at ength he dd gve way, t was to become my hus-
band but n name for swear to you by enus, that after
seepng wth hm for a wee have rsen from hs sde as f
had been seepng wth a eunuch n short, have faen n
ove wth a statue, not a man. To use the words, there-
fore, whch yesterday you addressed to me, ave compas-
son upon one of your own se gve me your ad aganst
the overweenng and unmpressbe man by so dong you
w save my fe, whch s now fast ebbng from me. t
eucppe was re oced at fndng that no ntercourse had
ta en pace between Metta and mysef, and beevng t to
be of no use to deny her magc s , undertoo to fnd
sutabe herbs, f permtted to go and see for them n the
country. These promses tran uzed Metta, for the
mnd s easy persuaded to feed upon the empty hope of
future good. Meanwhe, nowng nothng of a ths,
was n great perpe ty how to put off Metta durng the
approachng nght, and to contrve a meetng wth eucppe.
n the evenng, Metta, who had ta en her out of town n
a carrage, returned, and we had ust began our supper
when a great dsturbance was heard n the men s uarter
of the house, and a servant rushed nto the room, out of
breath, and e camng, Thersander s ave, and s
arrved
ee the anecdote of as and enocrates. nthon s Cassca Det.
f Cappvuaaav.
ope sprngs eterna n the human breast,
Man never s, but aways to be best. Pope.
The te t here s very corrupt n the Gree the sense gven s n
accordance wth acobs.
d ambro pass d unseen a prvate gate,
nd stood wthn hs ha at eventde
Meanwhe the ady and her over sate
t wassa n ther beauty and ther prde
n vory nad tabe spread wth state
efore them, and far saves on every sde
Gems, god, and sver, form d the servce mosty,
Mother of pear and cora the ess costy. yron.
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Ths Thersander was no other than Metta s husband,
who was supposed to have been ost at sea, the report of
hs death havng been spread by two of hs servants who
had been saved when the shp was wrec ed. n a moment
he was n the room for, havng earnt every partcuar by
the way, he had hastened home on purpose to surprse me.
Metta, n great aarm at an event so uttery unoo ed for,
started up and endeavoured to embrace her husband who,
however thrust her from hm wth great voence, and then
catchng sght of me and e camng, o, here s the
spar hmsef he rushed towards me, and deat me a
tremendous bow n the face, after whch, sezng me by the
har, he dashed me to the ground and beat me most unmer-
cfuy. ths tme remaned as sent as f had been
at the ceebraton of the mysteres, nether as ng hm who
he was, or why he used me so for, suspectng the truth,
had not courage to retaate, though possessng physca
strength enough to do so.
t ength when he was weary of str ng and of form-
ng con ectures n my mnd, got up and sad, Pray, who
are you, and what do you mean by ths rough usage
More than ever rrtated by the sound of my voce, he
recommenced hs attac upon me, and caed aoud for
fetters and handcuffs they were brought, and, after beng
bound hand and foot, was shut up n a room. Durng
ths strugge, eucppe s etter, whch had been fastened
under my tunc to the frnges of my shrt, fe to the
ground wthout my percevng t, and was pc ed up by
Metta, who feared est t mght be one of her own etters
wrtten to me when, however, she had an opportunty of
readng t n prvate and met wth eucppe s name, t went
e an arrow to her heart, but havng so often heard of her
death she dd not at once dentfy the name wth the femae
whom she had set at berty but as she read on, and fet a
uncertanty upon the pont removed, she became at once
the dvded prey of shame, rage, ove, and eaousy she
fet ashamed at e posure before her husband she was
enraged at the contents of the etter ths passon yeded
au rov tuv ov rpoo f vr v rov r 8 vr)g vcavwv
ee Det. of Gr . and om. nt ., p. 422, under the artce mbra
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4 C T T T .
to ove on my account, whch n ts turn was stung by
eaousy but ove, n the end, remaned trumphant. Ther-
sander, after the frst ebuton of hs anger, had retred to
the house of a frend Metta, therefore, n the evenng,
after spea ng to the save who ept guard over my apart-
ment, came n prvatey, havng for precauton posted two
of her servants before the door.
he found me yng upon the foor, and approachng me
shewed by her countenance, that she wshed, were t pos-
sbe, to gve utterance n one breath to a her varous
emotons. retched that am, she at ength e -
camed, fata for me was the day when frst behed you
, who have oved so mady yet bo frutessy who st
doat upon hm who hates me who pty hm who s the
cause of a my pan, and whose ove s not e tngushed
even by n ury and nsut hat a par of uggng pot-
ters aganst me are you both Tou have a aong been
ma ng me your sport, and she, forsooth, s gone to procure
a phtre for me tte dd dream that was see ng ad
from those who were my btterest enemes Thus spea -
ng she threw eucppe s etter on the ground whch no
sooner recognzed than a sudden ch came over me, and
cast my eyes upon the ground as f convcted of a crme.
he then contnued n the same stran: hat msery s
mne My husband s ost to me through you, and hence-
forth sha be deprved even of the barren peasure whch
have en oyed, that of seeng you Through you have
ncurred my husband s hatred, who beeves me guty of an
ntrgue aganst hs honour an ntrgue whch has borne
me none of the fruts of ove, and from whch a gan s
nfamy ther women receve en oyment for the guerdon
of ther shame: nhert the shame, but obtan none of the
en oyment arbarous and fathess man, how can you
aow a ovng woman thus to pne away, when you are
yoursef the save of ove Dd you not dread hs anger
ad you no reverence for hs fres, no regard for hs
mysteres ad these tearfu eyes no nfuence over you,
more ruthess as you are than any prate for even a
prate s breast w be softened by tears ether entreaty
nor opportunty, nor my cose embrace, has persuaded you
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C T T T . 4 7
to grant me so much as one amorous ndugence nay,
most nsutng of a, after yoursef returnng my sses
and my embraces, you have rsen from my sde e any
woman hat s ths but the very ghost of matrmony
emember aso, that you have not been sharng the bed of
one who s grown od, or who repuses your embraces, but
of one who s young and ardent, and whom some mght
consder possessed of charms, eunuch that you are
unse ed and bane of beauty, sten to my rghteous
mprecaton: may ove re ute your fres as you have
re uted mne
Tears for a tme cho ed her voce but when remaned
st sent and wth downcast eyes, a sudden change came
over her,t and she then resumed: Dearest Ctopho,
anger and gref have htherto dctated my words, but ove
prompts what am now about to say for beeve me, how-
ever angry, st burn wth passon however much wronged,
st fee ove yed to my entreates then, and even
now compassonate me no onger as for oys of many
days duraton, nor for the engthened wedoc whch n my
foy had dreamt of w be content wth one amorous
embrace. as but a tte medcne to paate ths pow-
erfu dsease, e tngush, n some degree, the fame whch
now consumes me Pardon me f have spo en wth too
much haste and btterness, for ove when unsuccessfu s
pushed to phrenzy e aware how unseemy my con-
duct may appear, am not ashamed to dvuge the myste-
res of ove, for spea to one aready ntated, to one
who nows by hs own e perence what my feengs are.
overs aone understand the wounds fet by those who ove
to a others the arrows of the god and the havoc whch he
av poyvvc a ra ouc (do avt. The sense of aff avoc s thus
gven by acobs : u nsta v nvdse, puchrtudns effcacam
debtat aut destrut.
f er anger ptch d nto a ower tune,
Perhaps the faut of her soft se and age
er wsh was but to , , , e ear s,
nd then her thrst of bood was uench d n tears.
yron.
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4 8 C T T T .
ma es are e uay un nown. ne ony day remans to us.
as the performance of your promse. emember the
tempe of ss show regard to the oaths whch you too
there. ere you wng to ve wth me, accordng to the
troth you pghted, woud not care for a thousand Ther-
sanders but havng recovered your eucppe, you may not
wed another accordngy surrender every cam, nd as
ony what may easy be granted. t s van to resst my
destny a thngs evdenty conspre aganst me, even
the dead rse up agan. Crue sea, thou hast borne me
safey ony to punge me nto greater run, brngng bac
to me, for my confuson, the very dead. or was t
enough for eucppe to revve n order to assuage the gref
of Ctopho, but the savage Thersander aso must needs
come bac nd he has dared to str e Ctopho before
my eyes wthout my havng the power to ad hm he has
dared to dsfgure that face upon whch doat. e must
have been bnd to beauty when he dd so nce more
entreat you, my Ctopho, ord, as you are, of my affectons,
gve yoursef to me now, for the frst tme and the ast t
w be to me as f many days were crowded nto one short
space so may you never more be deprved of your
eucppe so may she never agan de a fcttous death
Do not scorn my ove t has produced your greatest hap-
pness t has been the means of restorng to you eu-
cppe had never been enamoured of you, had never
brought you here, eucppe woud st be dead to you.
ome than s are due to good fortune, Ctopho he who
ghts upon a treasure honours the spot where he dscovered
t he buds an atar, he offers a sacrfce he crowns the
pace wth fowers but though you have found n me a
treasure fu of ove you despse your happy fortune Thn
ove to be addressng you through my mouth, and sayng,
n ths matter thou art bound to obge me, thy tutor
ntate Metta n my mysteres nded the fre wth
whch she burns. ear ewse how have provded for
your safety you sha be set free from these chans, whether
Thersander w or no, and you sha fnd a pace of refuge
wth my foster-brother for as ong a tme as you may
wsh. n the mornng you may e pect to see eucppe
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C T T . 4
she s to pass the nght n the country for the sa e of
gatherng herbs by moonght, for my smpcty was so
mposed upon. as to beeve her a Thessaan, and to as of
her a phtre to be admnstered to you. hat ese coud
do, when dsapponted n my wshes, than have recourse
to herbs and drugs, the refuge of those who are unfortunate
n ove. Tou need be n no fear of Thersander he has
rushed out of the house n a rage, and beta en hmsef to
one of hs frends. The dety, ndeed, seems to have pur-
posey contrved hs absence, that may obtan the ast
favour whch as . et me then en oy you, Ctopho
fter ths earnest and mpassoned peadng, suggested
by ove, who s a mghty master of eo uence,f she undd
the fetters and after ssng my hands apped them to her
eyes and heart: ee, sad she, how my poor heart
beats, agtated by fear and hope, woud that coud say,
by peasure and seemng to suppcate you by ts pa-
ptatons. hen, after settng me free, she hung about
my nec n tears, was no onger proof aganst human
wea ness ndeed was n dread of ncurrng the wrath of
ove hmsef, especay as had now recovered eucppe,
and was about to eave Metta, so that our present con-
ne on woud be no consummaton of a marrage, but smpy
admnsterng reef to a ove-sc sou. Tedng to these
refectons returned her sses and embraces, and though
wthout the hep of bed or other appances of amorous
deght, nothng was eft to be desred. ove, ndeed, s
.... has nuo perdere possum
ee prohbere modo, smu ac vaga una decorum
Protut os, un ossa egant, herbas ue nocentes.
or. . . 8, 20.
f nd when ove spea s, the voce of a the gods
Ma e heaven drowsy wth the harmony.
ever durst poet touch a pen to wrte,
Unt hs n were temper d wth ove s sghs
0 then hs nes woud ravsh savage ears,
nd pant n tyrants md humanty. ove s abour ost.
enus and Cupd were supposed to be rrtated aganst those who
shewed nsensbty to ther nfuence:
ngratam ener pone superbam.
or. d. . 10. .
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4 0 C T T U .
hs own teacher, and an e ceent contrver, and ma es
every pace hs tempe nor s there any doubt that m-
promptu amorous ntercourse s far preferabe to that whch
s eaborated, and that t brngs wth t much more genune
en oyment.
.
hen at ength, had suffcenty eased Metta s pans,
sad to her, ow do you mean to provde for my escape
and to perform your promses as to eucppe e n no
an ety respectng her, was the repy, oo upon her as
aready restored to your embrace but put on my cothes
and concea your face n my robe Meantho w conduct
you to the door, there you w fnd a young man who has
orders from me to gude you to the house where Cnas
and atyrus awat you, and whther eucppe w shorty
come. he gvng me these drectons, she dressed me
so as to resembe her n appearance then ssng me, she
sad, Tou oo handsomer than ever n ths attre, and
remnd me of a pcture of ches t whch once saw.
are you we, dearest, preserve ths dress as a memora of
me, and eave me your own, that may sometmes put t on
and fancy mysef n your embrace she then gave me a hun-
dred god peces, and caed Meantho, a trusty servant, who
was watchng at the door, tod her what to do, and ordered
her to return, as soon as she had et me out. Thus ds-
gused spped out of the room, the eeper, upon recevng
a sgn from Meantho, ta ng me for hs mstress and
avrovpybt yap o p g a avroo og aopar c, a passage parae
to one n . ., avro a r g yap rry bg.
f The auson s to ches dsgused n femae attre among the
daughters of ycomedes. ee tatus, ches.
nd now beng femnney a array d.
th some sma ad from scssors, pant, and tweezers,
e oo ed n amost a respects a mad. yron.
ee erod. v. 14 , where the Mnyeans escape from confnement by
a smar devce of ther wves.
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C T T T . 4 1
ma ng way passng through an unfre uented part of the
house reached a bac door, where was receved by the
person whom Metta had apponted to be there he was a
reedman who had accompaned us on our voyage from
e andra, and wth whom had aready been ntmate.
Upon her return, Meantho found the eeper preparng
to secure the room for the nght, she desred hm to open
the door, and gong n, nformed her mstress of my escape
Metta caed n the eeper, who seeng the rght brd
fown and another n hs pace, was struc dumb wth
astonshment: dd not empoy ths artfce, sad she,
from beevng you unwng to favour Ctopho s escape,
but because wshed to gve you the means of cear-
ng yoursef from bame n the opnon of Thersander.
ere are ten god peces f you choose to reman here, you
are to regard them as a present from Ctopho, f you prefer
gettng out of the way they w hep you on your ourney.
Mstress, reped the eeper, whose name was Paso,
am ready to foow your suggeston. t was agreed, that
the man shoud go away and reman n conceament unt
Thersander s anger had subsded, and he and hs wfe were
agan upon good terms. Upon eavng the house, my usua
fortune overtoo me and nterwove a new ncdent n
the drama of my fe. hom shoud encounter but
Thersander who persuaded by hs frend not to seep away
from hs wfe, was returnng home.
t happened to be the festva of Dana, the streets were
fu of drun en feows, and a nght ong crowds of peope
contnued traversng the pubc s uare. had hoped to
encounter no other danger but ths, but was msta en,
per of a worse nd was st n store for me. osthenes,
the purchaser of eucppe, whom Metta had turned out
of hs offce, no sooner heard of hs master s return, than he
not ony contnued to act as baff, but determned to
revenge hmsef upon Metta. e began by nformng
t a ov avr rap vov, a proverb audng to Dana subst-
tutng a stag n the pace of phgena when on the pont of beng
sacrfced at us
ty oCw a ov avr ovaa fov a
prtfg, auat a, r v vo /of rarr p. ph. n Taur. 783.
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4 2 C T T U .
aganst me, ac uantng hs master wth a whch had ta en
pace he then nvented a very pausbe story above eu-
cppe, for fndng he coud not en oy her hmsef he deter-
mned to pay pmp to hs master, and by that means to
aenate hm from hs wfe. Master, sad he, have
purchased a maden of ncredbe beauty words w not do
her ustce, to form a ust dea of her you must see her
have been eepng her purposey for you for heard that
you were ave and fuy beeved the fact, but dd not choose
to ma e t pubc, n order that you mght have cear proof
of my mstress s gut, and not be made the aughng stoc
of a foregner and worthess bertne my mstress too
her out of my hands yesterday and thn s of gvng her her
freedom, but ortune has reserved for you the possesson
of ths rare beauty she has been sent for some reason or
other nto the country, where she now remans, and where
wth your eave w secure her unt your arrva.
Thersander approved of hs scheme and bd hm put t nto
e ecuton accordngy osthenes proceeded to the farm,
and fndng out the cottage where eucppe was to pass the
nght, he ordered two of the abourers to entce away the
mads, who had accompaned her, under pretence of havng
somethng to say to them n prvate he then went accom-
paned by two others, to the cottage where eucppe was
now aone, sezed her and havng stopped her mouth, car-
red her off to a one habtaton, where settng her down, he
sad, Maden, am the bearer of great good fortune to
you, and hope that you w not forget me, n your pros-
perty be under no aarm at havng been carred off, no
n ury s ntended you, t w be the means of obtanng
my master for your admrer. eucppe coud not utter a
word, so much was she overcome by the sense of the un-
e pected caamty. osthenes hurryng bac nformed Ther-
sander of what he had done, agan e tong eucppe s
beauty to the s es he was on the pont of returnng home,
but nfamed by the descrpton, and havng hs mnd fed
wth such a ovey vson, he determned at once to pay a
vst to the maden as the festva was st on foot, and the
am s abest uod ames, proesto smuacra tamen sunt
us. ucret. v. 10 .
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C T T r . 4 3
dstance not more than haf a me. t was when on hs
way thther, that dsgused n Metta s dress came
drecty upon hm. osthenes was the frst to recognze me
ere comes the ra e-he hmsef, e camed be, mas-
ueradng t, n my mstress s cothes
The young man, my gude, who was a tte n advance
hearng ths, too to hs hees n a frght wthout gvng me
any prevous warnng. was mmedatey sezed by the
par, and the nose made by Thersander drew together a
number of the reveers, when he became ouder than ever
n hs charges, heapng upon me a manner of abuse, ca-
ng me a echer, a cut-purse, and now not what besdes
n the end was dragged to the pubc prson, thrust n,
and a charge of Grm. Gon.f entered aganst me. The ds-
grace of a prson and the abuse gave me tte or no concern,
for as my marrage wth Metta had been pubc, fet
confdent of beng abe to refute the charge of adutery a
my an ety arose from not havng actuay recovered my
eucppe, for the mnd s naturay ncned to be a pro-
phet of , our predctons of good are sedom reazed.
n the present case augured nothng favourabe for
eucppe, and was a prey to fears and suspcons of every
nd.
Thersander, after havng had me oc ed up, contnued on
hs way, and upon hs arrva found eucppe yng upon
the ground and broodng over what osthenes had sad.
Gref and fear were pany depcted upon her countenance
ndeed consder t ute a msta e to say that the mnd s
nvsbe, t may be seen dstncty refected on the face as
n a mrror n seasons of happness oy spar es n the
p rd a appr ra /3owv.
y r fa fo zag r ptpuv.
Great oy he proms d to hs thoughts, and new
oace n her return, so ong deay d
Tet oft hs heart, dvne of somethng ,
Msgave hm he the faterng measure fet.
Mton, P. . . 843.
Trrt 1101 ru fnr g
otfa rpoorar pov
apcag rpaff os-ou ra.rca. sch. g. 44.
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4 4 C T T U .
eyes n the tme of sorrow the countenance s overcast
and reveas the nward feengs. ght was burnng n the
cottage upon hearng the door open, eucppe rased her
eyes for a moment and then cast them down agan. t s
n the eyes that beauty has ts seat, and Thersander havng
caught a momentary gmpse of the beauty whch (rapd as
ghtnng) fashed from hers, was at once on fre wth ove,
and wated spe bound, n hopes of her rasng them agan
but when she contnued to gaze upon the ground, he sad,
ar maden, why waste the ght of thne eyes upon
the earth, why not oo up and et them dart fresh ght
nto mne
Upon hearng hs voce, eucppe burst nto tears, and
appeared even more charmng than before,t for tears gve
permanency and ncreased e presson to the eyes, ether
renderng them more dsagreeabe, or mprovng them f peas-
ng, for n that case the dar rs, fadng nto a ghter hue,
resembes, when mostened wth tears, the head of a genty-
bubbng fount the whte and bac growng n brancy
from the mosture whch foats over the surface, assume the
mnged shades of the voet and narcssus, and the eye
appears as smng through the tears whch are confned
wthn ts ds. uch was the case wth eucppe her
tears made her appear beautfu even n gref and f after
trc ng down they had congeaed, the word woud have
seen a speces of amber htherto un nown. The sght of
her charms, heghtened as they were by her gref nfamed,
Thersander hs own eyes fed wth mosture. Tears na-
turay awa en feengs of compasson, especay a woman s
tears, and the more so n proporton to the copousness wth
whch they fa and when she who weeps s beautfu and
he who behods her s enamoured, he cannot avod foowng
her e ampe the magc of her charms, whch s chefy n
merry heart ma eth a cheerfu countenance but by sorrow
of the heart, the sprt s bro en. Prov. v. 13.
s pears from damonds dropt. n bref, sorrow
oud be a rarty most beovM, f a
Coud so become t. ha speare.
nde fuunt acrymse, stata ue soe rgescunt
De rams eectra novs. vd. Met. . 3 4.
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C T T U . 4
her eyes, e tends ts nfuence to hm her beauty pene-
trates nto hs sou, her tears draw forth hs own, he mght
dry them, but he purposey abstans from dong so, for he
woud fan have them attract the notce of the far one he
even chec s any moton of hs eyeds, est they shoud fa
before the tme, sympathetc tears beng the strongest proof
of ove. Ths was the case wth Thersander, he shed tears
party because gref has reay n t somethng whch s
nfectous, party that he mght appear to sympathze wth
eucppe s sorrow. Pay her every attenton whch her
state ot mnd re ures, sad he n an under tone to os-
thenes however unwngy w eave her for the pre-
sent for fear of annoyng her when she s more composed
w pay her another vst. Maden, added he, addressng
her, cheer up, w soon fnd means to dry those tears of
yours and whsperng to osthenes, remember, sad
he, that you promote my sut, and come to me to-morrow
mornng, wth whch words he eft the cottage.
he these thngs were ta ng pace, Metta had ost
no tme n sendng a young man nto the country, who
was to bd eucppe return wthout deay, as she had no
onger any need of ngredents for a phtre. Upon
hs arrva, he found the femae servants n great troube
see ng for her everywhere, he therefore at once came
bac and nformed hs mstress of what had ta en pace.
Metta, upon earnng that eucppe had dsappeared, and
that had been commtted to prson, was thrown nto
voent agtaton: though gnorant of the whoe truth her
suspcons fe upon osthenes, and beng determned to
ascertan by means of Thersander where eucppe was, she
had recourse to subtety, combnng wth t a show of truth.
Upon Thersander comng home and shoutng out, o you
have got your paramour set free and have smugged hm
out of the town why dd you not accompany hm why
stop here why not ta e yoursef off, and see how he
oo s now that he s n durance ve Tat para-
mour reped Metta wth the greatest composure.
hat deuson are you abourng under f you w
ony cam your passon and sten to me, w very soon
e pan the truth a wsh for on your part, s can-
dour forget any sanderous reports whch you have heard,
2
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4 C T T T
et reason ta e the pace of anger and sten to what have
to say. Ths young man s nether my paramour nor yet
my husband he s a natve of Phoenca, and beongs to
one of the frst fames n Tyre he was so unfortunate as
to suffer shpwrec and ost everythng whch he possessed.
Upon hearng of hs msfortunes too compasson upon
hm (rememberng what had befaen you), and receved hm
nto my house.
Thersander, sad , mentay, may perhaps be wan-
derng about hmsef, some tender hearted femae may have
ta en pty upon hm nay, f as report says, he has pershed,
w shew ndness to a who have e perenced the pers
of the sea Many are the shpwrec ed passengers to
whom have shewn hosptaty, to many a corpse washed
up by the waves have here gven bura f saw so much
as a pan from a vesse borne to and, drew t up on
shore, for, sad, t may have beonged to the shp n
whch Thersander saed Ths young man was one of the
ast who was rescued from a watery grave, and n treatng
hm wth ndness, was n fact honourng you. e
you, dearest, he had encountered the pers of the deep n
hm therefore, was payng regard to the mpersonaton of
your sufferngs. Tou have now had ad before you the
motves by whch have been nfuenced. may add, that
he was n great sorrow for hs wfe he had beeved her
dead, but she was st ave, and, as he was nformed, n the
power of osthenes our baff. The report proved true, for
upon proceedng nto the country we found her there. t
s n your power to test the truth of what say, you can brng before you both osthenes and the femae of whom
spea f you can convct me of fasehood, then ca me an
adutress. Metta spo e, a aong, as f n gnorance of
eucppe s dsappearance, reservng to hersef the power
shoud Thersander wsh to ascertan the truth of brngng forward the mad-servants who had accompaned eucppe,
and who coud soemny decare that the maden was
nowhere to be found. er motve was to persuade Ther-
sander of her own nnocence, and t was for ths purpose
that she urged hm to brng forward eucppe. To gve
yet greater coour to her artfu words, Dearest husband,
she added, durng the tme that we ved together, you.
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C T T U . 4 7
have never dscovered any bot n my character, nether
sha you do so now. The report, at present rased
aganst me, has arsen from peope beng gnorant of the
cause whch nduced me to shew ndness to ths young
man rumour has been busy n your case, aso for you,
recoect, were reported to have pershed. ow rumour
and caumny are two ndred evs, and the former may be caed the daughter of the atter. Caumny s sharper than
any sword more burnng than any fre, more perncous
than any ren, whe rumour s more fud than water,
swfter than the wnd, feeter than any wng of brd.f o
sooner has caumny shot forth a posoned word than t fes
e an arrow and wounds, even n hs absence, hm aganst
whom t s drected whe whosoever hears ths word s
ready persuaded, fees hs anger nded, and turns a ts
voence aganst the vctm. n the other hand, rumour
the offsprng of ths shot, fows onward e a torrent, and
foods the ears of every stener words, e wnd, speedng
t on ts course, and, to use another smtude the wngs
of the human tongue bearng t aoft and enabng t to
ceave the ar. These are the foes aganst whom have
to contend, they have ganed the mastery over your mnd,
and have cosed your ears aganst my words. ere she
paused, and ta ng hs hand endeavoured to ss t her
pan was not wthout success, for Thersander became more
cam, nfuenced by the pausbty of her speech, and fnd-
nd she, athough her manners shew d no rgour,
as deem d a woman of the strctest prncpe,
o much as to be thought amost nvncbe. yron.
ama, maum, uo non aud veocus uum
Mobtate vget, vres ue ac urt eundo.
rg. Mn. v. 174.
pen your ears for whch of you w stop
The vent of hearng, when oud umour spea s
, from the rent to the droopng est,
Ma ng the wnd my posthorse, st unfod
The acts commenced on ths ba of earth
Upon my tongues contnued sanders rde:
The whch n every anguage pronounce,
tuffng the ears of men wth fase reports.
ntroducton to 2nd part of enry . 2 h 2
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4 8 C T T P .
ng the account gven of eucppe to harmonze wth what
he had heard from osthenes. s suspcons gave way,
however, ony n part, for eaousy when once t has ganed
entrance nto the mnd, s hard to he got rd of. The nte-
gence that the maden was my wfe annoyed hm greaty,
and ncreased hs anmosty towards me and sayng that
he shoud en ure nto the truth of what he had heard, he
retred to rest aone. Metta, on her part was very much
dstressed at heng unabe to perform her promse. Mean-
whe osthenes after the departure of Thersander (whom
he had encouraged wth hopes of speedy success) agan
went n to eucppe, and assumng a oyfu countenance,
verythng s gong on satsfactory acuna, sad he,
Thersander s deepy enamoured of you, and very probaby
w ma e you hs wfe ths success s entrey owng to
me, for have e toed your beauty to the s es, and hs
mnd sees and thn s of you aone. Dry your tears there-
fore, maden, rse from the ground, sacrfce to enus on
account of your good fortune, and do not forget how much
you owe to me. May as much happness befa you as you
have ust announced to me, was her repy. osthenes,
beevng that she spo e sncerey and not n rony, pro-
ceeded n a frendy tone and manner: w te you more-
over who Thersander s he s the husband of Metta whom
you atey saw, hs famy s one of the frst n ona, hs
weath s even greater than hs brth, but t s surpassed by
hs ndness of dsposton. need not dwe upon hs
age, for you have seen that he s st young and handsome,
two uates especay acceptabe to women.
eucppe coud no onger endure stenng to such non-
sense: c ed wretch she e camed, how much
onger do you mean to poute my ears hat s Ther-
sander to me et hs beauty deght hs wfe, hs rches
beneft hs country, and hs good uates be of servce to
those who need them. hat matters t to me, f he be
nober n brth than Codrus, and surpass Croesus n hs
weath or what purpose shoud you enumerate another
man s good uates to me Thersander sha receve my
prase, when he ceases wshng to do voenceto another s wfe.
Upon ths, changng to a serous ar, re you estng,
maden he as ed. / hat have to do wth estng P
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C T T T . 4
was her repy. eave me to my own adverse fortune and
ev genus now fu we that have faen nto the
power of vans. Tou must be ncuraby crazed, sad
osthenes, to ta thus. s t e beng n the power of
vans, to have the offer made to you of weath, marrage,
and a u urous fe to receve for your husband one so
favoured by the gods, that they have actuay snatched hm
from the aws of death nd then he gave an account
of the shpwrec , magnfyng Thersander s escape, and
ma ng of t a greater wonder than of ron and hs
Doph
m.
#
hen he had fnshed hs marveous tae, and st eu-
cppe made no repy, Tou had better consut your own
nterest, he resumed, and not ta n ths fashon to
Thersander, est you shoud provo e one who s actuay
amabe for when once nded, hs anger nows no bounds.
ndness of heart, when t meets wth a due return, n-
creases, but when sghted, t soon changes nto angry fee-
ngs and then the desre of ta ng vengeance s propor-
toned to the prevous wngness of dong good. eavng
eucppe for a tme, we w now spea of some of the other
characters n ths tae. hen Cnas and atyrus earned
from Metta that had been ncarcerated they mme-
datey came to the prson, desrous of sharng my captvty
the aor, however, woud not consent, but bd them at once
be gone, and though sorey dsapponted there was no ater-
natve. They eft me, therefore, after had en oned them
to brng me tdngs of eucppe n the mornng and
remaned aone, thn ng of Metta s promse, and rac ed
by feengs of mnged fear and hope.
The ne t day osthene3 proceeded accordng to hs ap-
pontment to Thersander, and my frends returned to me.
Thersander eagery n ured whether any favourabe mpres-
son had been made upon eucppe osthenes reped
evasvey, he rases ob ectons aganst recevng you, but
scarcey beeve her to be sncere n what she says
rather suspect that she fears you may desert her and e pose
her to shame, after once en oyng her. et her dsmss
a such apprehensons, reped Thersander my feengs
ee erod. . 23, 24.
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470 C T T U .
of ove towards her are so ardent, that they w end ony
wth my fe. ne thng aone gves me uneasness
am very an ous to now for certan whether, as Metta
tod me, she s the wfe of the young man. Thus ds-
coursng they came to the cottage where eucppe was con-
fned when near the door they stopped and stened and
coud hear her spea ng to hersef n a mournfu voce.
as aas Ctopho, you now not where am and n what pace am detaned nether am ac uanted wth
your present condton and ths mutua gnorance aug-
ments our mutua gref. Can Thersander have surprsed you
n hs house Can you have suffered any crue treatment
at hs hands ften have onged to ueston os-
thenes about you, but was at a oss what reason to assgn
f spo e of you as my husband, feared that by pro-
vo ng the resentment of Thersander, mght produce ev
conse uences to yoursef f n ured after you as after a
mere stranger, t mght have been sad why do women
medde wth what n no way concerns them ften has
my tongue been on the pont of spea ng but has refused ts
offce. ften have ended by sayng to mysef, Dear
Ctopho, fathfu husband of thy eucppe, thou who coudst
share the couch of another woman, yet wthout en oyng
her, though , n my eaousy doubted thy fdety, coud
ndeed behod thee agan, after so ong an nterva, and yet
not snatch a snge ss hat f Thersander comes agan
to ueston me ha throw off a dsguse, and dscose the pan unvarnshed truth uppose not, Ther-
sander, that am a sorry save am daughter of the
yzantan Commandant, wfe of one foremost n ran
among the Tyrans. am no Thessaan, nether am caed
acsena. o ths s the nventon of prate voence my
very name has been stoen from me am n reaty
the wfe of Ctopho, a natve of yzantum, the daughter
of ostratus and Panthea. ut, aas Thersander woud
gve no credt to my words, or, f he dd, my freedom of
speech mght be the cause of n ury to my best beoved
a to receve and marbe to retan.
e was a over of the good od schoo,
ho st become more constant as they coo. yron.
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C T T U . 471
hat then w agan assume the mas and agan
my name sha be acseua Thersander, retrng a tte
from the door, sad to osthenes, Dd you hear those
words of hers, unworthy of beef, ndeed, as to ther tenour,
but fu of the sprt of ove, and breathng gref and sef
reproach Ths aduterous rva of mne suppants me
everywhere the van must surey be a sorcerer Metta
oves, eucppe doats upon hm woud that were
Ctopho
Tou must not show a fant heart, master, reped
osthenes you shoud go n at once and pead your sut
she oves ths worthess feow, t s true but ony because
she has receved addresses from no one ese you have but
to nsnuate yoursef nto her good graces, and your supe-
ror persona appearance w speedy gan the day and
bansh hm from her heart. new over soon drves out
the od. omen ove the ndvdua whe present and
remember hm when absent unt another s found to ta e
hs pace then he s soon botted from ther recoecton.
Thersander now fet embodened, for one ready beeves
words whch fatter wth a prospect of success and desre,
by dweng upon ts ob ect, s sure to beget sangune hope.
fter watng a short tme therefore, that he mght not
seem to have overheard her wor s, he put on what he hoped
woud appear an engagng ar, and entered the cottage.
The sght of eucppe nfamed hs mnd she appeared
more charmng then ever, and her presence acted as fue to
the fre of ove whch had been burnng n hs breast a
nght. e wth dffcuty restraned hmsef from at once
fodng her n hs arms, and sttng down besde her, began
to ta of varous unconnected trfes, as overs are wont to
do when n the company of ther mstresses. t such tmes
the sou s centred upon the ob ect of ts ove, reason no
onger gudes ther speech, and the tongue mechancay
utters words. n the course of hs address, he put hs arm
round her nec wth the vew of ssng her, and she aware
of hs ntenton hung down her head upon her bosom he
used a hs endeavours to rase her face, and she wth e ua
perseverance contnued to concea t the more and more
nd o the thought my words bro e forth.
ncoherent as they were. yron.
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472 C T Tr .
when ths mutua strugge had contnued for some tme,
Thersander, under the nfuence of amorous obstnacy,
spped hs eft hand under her chn, and sezng her har
wth hs rght, compeed her to rase her head. hen at
ength, he gave over, ether from succeedng n hs ob ect,
or fang, or from beng weary of the sport, eucppe sad to
hm ndgnanty, Tour conduct s unfttng and ungente-
many, though ft enough for the save osthenes the
master and hs man are worthy of each other but spare
yoursef any farther troube, you w never succeed uness
you become a second Ctopho.
Dstracted between anger and desre, Thersander was at
a oss what to do. These passons are e two fres n the
sou they dffer n nature, but resembe each other n n-
tensty the former urges to hatred, the atter to ove the
sources aso of ther respectve fames are near to one
another, anger havng ts seat n the heart, the ver beng
the abode of ove.t hen, therefore, a person s attac ed
by these two passons, hs sou becomes the scaes n whch
the ntensty of ether fame s weghed. ach tres to
depress ts respectve scae, and ove, when t obtans ts
ob ect s generay successfu but shoud t be sghted,
then t summons ts neghbour, anger, to ts ad, and both
of them combne ther fame. hen once anger has ganed
the mastery, and has drven ove from ts seat, beng mpa-
cabe by nature, nstead of assstng t to gan ts end, t
rues e a tyrant, and w not aow t (however an ous)
to become reconced wth ts beoved. Pressed down by
the weght of anger, ove s no onger free, and vany
endeavours to recover ts domnon, and so s compeed to
hate what once t doated upon. ut, agan, when the
tempest of anger has reached ts heght, and ts fury has
frothed away, t becomes weary from satety, and ts efforts
cease then ove, armed by desre, revves, comes to the
rescue, and attac s anger seepng on hs post and cang
afo rpooor ap at v uvov
o c. sch. Choe. 183. uum tb fagrans amor,
aevet crca ecur uceroaum.
or. 1, d. v. 13.
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C T U . 473
to mnd the n ures done to the beoved durng ts frenzy,
t greves and sues for pardon, and nvtes to reconcaton,
and promses to ma e amends n future. f after ths t
meets wth fu success, then t contnues to be a smes
and genteness but f agan repused and scorned, then ts
od neghbour, anger, s once more caed n, who revves
hs sumberng fres, and regans hs former power. Ther-
sander, so ong as he was buoyed up wth hopes of succeed-
ng n hs sut, had been eucppe s humbe servant but
when he found a hs e pectatons dashed to the ground,
ove gave way to wrath, and he smote her upon the face.
retched save he e camed, have heard your
ove-sc amentatons, and now a nstead of ta ng t
as a compment that shoud spea to you, and regardng
a ss from your master as an honour, you must, forsooth,
co uet and gve yoursef ars for my part, beeve you
to be a strumpet, for an aduterer s your ove owever,
snce you refuse to accept me as a over, you sha fee my
power as a master.
eucppe mee y reped, Use me as harshy as you
pease w submt to everythng e cept the oss of
chastty, and turnng to osthenes, you can bear wtness
to my powers of endurance for have receved at your
hands harder measure even than ths shamed at havng
hs conduct brought to ght, Ths wench, sad he,
deserves to be fayed wth the scourge and to be put upon
the rac , n order to teach her better manners towards her
master.
y a means foow hs advce resumed eucppe to
Thersander, he gves good counse do the worst whch
your mace can suggest e tend my hands upon the
whee bare my bac to the scourge burn my body n
the fre smte off my head wth the sword t w be a
nove sght to see one wea woman contend aganst a your
a a a a Cy a o ar y poff arovoav.
f 7r rov rpo ov yap t a orptf ovf vov
rv rnravovpyr ag.
rstoph. Pnt. 87 . ee aso rg. Mrs. v. 1 .
The auson s to the fre paced under the revovng whee, by
whch the sufferer was sowy roasted. reference to ths speces of
torture w be found n ch. 0 of Tertuan s poogy.
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474 C T T1U .
tortures, vctorous aganst a Tou brand Ctopho as
an aduterer, and yet you yoursef woud commt adutery
ave you no reverence for your tuteary goddess Dana
oud you ravsh a vrgn n the very cty sacred to a.
vrgn goddess, why do not thy shafts avenge the
nsut Tou a vrgn forsooth reped Thersander,
contemptuousy you who passed whoe days and nghts
among the prates Prythee were they eunuchs, or gven
ony to patonc ove, or were they bnd s os-
thenes, sad she, whether or not preserved my chas-
tty aganst h3 attempts none of the freebooters behaved
to me so brutay as you have done t s you who deserve
the name of prate, snce you fee no shame n perpetratng
deeds whch they abstaned fromt dong. ou tte thn
how your unbushng cruety w redound hereafter to my
prase you may me n your fury, and my encomum
w be ths: eucppe preserved her chastty despte of
buccaneers, despte of Chaereas, despte of osthenes, and
crown of a (for ths woud be but trfng commendaton),
she remaned chaste despte even of Thersander, more
ascvous than the most ustfu prate and he who coud
not despo her of her honour, robbed her of her fe.
gan, therefore, say, brng nto acton a your engnes
and mpements of torture, and empoy the ad of osthenes,
your rght trusty counseor. stand before you a feebe
woman, na ed and aone, havng but one weapon of defence,
my free sprt, whch s proof aganst sword and fre and
scourge. urn me, f you w you sha fnd that there
be thngs over whch even the fre s poweress
e men of phesus, what man s there, that noweth not ow
that the cty of the phesans s a worshpper of the great goddess
Dana f cts . 3 .
) arpers have sung and poets tod,
That he, n fury uncontroed,
The shaggy monarch of the wood
efore a vrgn far and good
ath pacfed hs savage mood
ut passons n the human frame
ft put the on s rage to shame. cott.
terna sprt of the chaness mnd
rghtest n dungeons, berty yron.
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47
.
The scornfu reproaches of eucppe strred up a tumut
of confctng passons n Thersander s mnd he was n-
censed by her taunts, ve ed at hs success, and perpe ed
how to secure the accompshment of hs desres. thout
sayng another word he rushed out of the house to gve vent
to the storm and tempest of hs sou. horty after, havng
conferred wth ostbenes, he went to the aor, and endea-
voured to persuade hm to admnster a dose of poson to
me ths, however, the aor refused to do, hs predecessor
havng suffered death for ta ng oft a prsoner n ths man-
ner. ang n ths, he obtaned hs consent to ntroduce
a man (who was to pass for a crmna) nto my ce, under
pretence of wshng to e tract some secrets out of me
through hm. The man had been prevousy tutored by Thersander, and was casuay to ntroduce eucppe s name,
and to say that she had been murdered by the contrvance
of Metta. Thersander s ob ect n persuadng me of her
death was to hnder me (n case obtaned a verdct of
ac utta) from nsttutng any further search for her reco-
very, and the name of Metta was ntroduced n order
that, after earnng eucppe s death, mght not entertan
any thoughts of marryng her, and so by settng at phesus
mght nterrupt Thersander n the prosecuton of hs schemes,
but. on the contrary, mght be nduced to ut the cty
wthout deay, from hatred to Metta for havng contrved
the death of my beoved.
s soon as ths feow came near me, he began to pay
hs apponted part, and wth a navsh groanf e camed,
ac aday what a mserabe thng s fe There s no
eepng out of troube t stands a man n no stead to be
honest ome cross accdent s sure to overta e hm
nd thoughts on thoughts, a countess throng,
ushed, chasng countess thoughts aong
Unt, the gddy whr to cure,
e rose. cott.
avofw ag ravv a ovpyug.
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47 C T T C .
oud coud have guessed the character of my feow-
traveer, and what wor he had been engaged n Ths,
and much more of the same sort, he sad spea ng to hmsef,
crafty endeavourng to attract my attenton, and to ma e
me n ure what t was that aed hm. e dd not succeed,
however, for was suffcenty ta en up wth my own
troubes, and he went on wth hs groans and e acuatons.
t ength for the unfortunate ta e peasure n stenng
to another s grefs, fndng n t a nd of medcne for ther
sorrows one of the prsoners as ed, hat trc has the
ade ortune been payng you suspect that, e my-
sef, she has ad you up n mbo wthout deservng t.
e then proceeded to te hs own story, gvng an account
of what had brought hm nto prson and havng fnshed,
re uested the other to favour hm wth the partcuars of
hs own msfortune. e of course ready comped.
eft the cty yesterday, sad he, to go towards
myrna, and had proceeded about haf a me, when was
oned by a young man out of the country. e sauted
me, and after wa ng wth me for a few mnutes, n ured
whther was gong. tod hm, and he sad that uc y
hs road ay n the same drecton, so that we proceeded n
company, and entered nto conversaton. toppng at an
nn, we ordered dnner, and presenty four men came n
and dd the same. nstead of eatng, however, they con-
tnued watchng us, and ma ng sgns to one another.
pany enough saw that we were the ob ects of ther
notce, but was whoy at a oss to understand the meanng
of ther gestures. My companon graduay turned very
pae, eft off eatng, and at ast began to trembe a over.
nstanty they sprang up, sezed, and bound us one of
them aso deat hm a voent bow upon the face upon
whch, as f he had been aready on the rac , and even,
wthout a ueston beng as ed hm he cred out, admt
havng ed the gr Metta, Thersander s wfe, hred
me to do the deed, and gave me a hundred god peces for
my troube here they are every one ta e them for your-
seves and for heaven s sa e et me off
Upon hearng these names started as f stung, and turnng
to hm, ho s Metta as ed. he s a ady of the
frst ran n ths cty, was hs repy. he too a fancy
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C T T T . 477
to a young man, sad to be a natve of Tyre he found a
favourte wench of hs (whom he had gven up for ost),
among the number of Metta s saves, and she, moved by
eaousy, had the gr sezed by the feow whom uc
made my feow-traveer, and he, n obedence to Metta s
orders, has made away wth her. ut to return to my own
story. , who had never seen the man before, nor had
deangs wth hm of any nd, was dragged aong wth
hm, bound, as an accompce n hs crme but what s
harder than a, they had not gone far, before, for the sa e
of hs hundred peces, they et hm go, but ept me n
custody and carred me before the udge.
Upon hearng ths chapter of accdents, nether uttered
a sound nor shed a tear, for both voce and tears refused
ther offce, but a genera trembng sezed me, my heart
sun wthn me, and fet as at the pont of death. fter
a tme, recoverng n some degree from the stupor whch
hs words had caused, ow dd the ruffan despatch her
as ed, and what has become of her body ut
havng now performed the busness for whch he was
empoyed, by stmuatng my curosty, he became obst-
natey sent, and coud e tract nothng more from hm.
n answer to my repeated uestons, Do you thn , sad
he, at ength, that had a hand n the murder The
man tod me he had ed her he sad nothng of the
pace and manner of her death. Tears now came to my
reef, and gave fu vent to my sorrow. t s wth menta
wounds as wth body hurts when one has been strc en
n body some tme eapses before the vd bruse, the resut
of the bow s seen and so aso any one who has been.
perced by the sharp tus of a boar, oo s for the wound,
but wthout mmedatey dscoverng t, owng to ts beng
deepy seated but presenty a whte ne s perceved, the
precursor of the bood, whch speedy begns to fow n
e manner, no sooner have btter tdngs been announced,
than they perce the sou, but the suddenness of the stro e
prevents the wound from beng vsbe at once, and the
tooth of sorrow must for some space have gnawed the heart
ere a vent s found for tears, whch are to the mnd what
bood s to the body. t was thus wth me the arrows of gref nfcted an
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478 C T T U .
nstant wound, but ther resut was mperceptbe unt the
sou had esure to vent tsef n tears and amentatons.
Then, ndeed, e camed, hat ev genus has deuded
me wth ths bref geam of oy, and has shewn me my
eucppe ony to ay a foundaton for fresh caamtes
that has been aowed me was to see her, and have not
been permtted to satate even the sense of sght My
peasure has, ndeed, been e the baseess fabrc of a
dream. my eucppe, how often hast thou been ost to
me m never to cease from tears and amentatons
s one death perpetuay to succeed another n former
occasons ortune has been merey estng wth me, but now
she s n earnest n those former magnary deaths of
thne, some consoaton, at east, was afforded me, for thy
body, whoy or n part, was eft at my dsposa ut now
thou art snatched away both n sou and body Twce hast
thou escaped the prates, but Metta, more fe than any
prate, has had thee done to death. nd , mpous and
unhoy that am, have actuay ssed thy murderess, have
been enfoded n her accursed embrace, and she has ant-
cpated thee n recevng from me the offerngs of ove
he thus punged n gref, Cnas came to vst me.
reated every partcuar to hm, and decared my deter-
mnaton of puttng an end to my e stence. e dd a n hs power to consoe me. Consder, he sad, how often
she has ded and come to fe agan who nows but what
she may do the same on ths occason aso hy be n
such haste to yoursef Tou w have abundant esure
when the tdngs of her death have been postvey con-
frmed.
Ths s mere trfng, reped there s sma need
of confrmaton my resove s f ed, and have decded
upon a manner of death whch w not permt even the
hated Metta to escape unscathed. sten to my pan:
n case of beng summoned nto court t was my ntenton
to pead not guty. have now changed my determna-
ton, and sha pead guty, confessng the ntrgue between
Metta and mysef, and sayng that we mutuay panned
eucppe s death by ths means she w suffer the punsh t f m t) r ucaorr c .
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C T T U . 47
ment whch s her due, and sha ut ths fe whch so
much detest. Ta not thus, reped he can you
endure to de under the base mputaton of beng a mur-
derer, and, what s more, the murderer of eucppe
othng s base, reped , by whch we can wrea
vengeance upon our enemes. he we were engaged n
argument, the feow who had communcated the tdngs of
the fcttous maden was removed, upon pretence of beng
ta en before the magstrate to undergo an e amnaton.
Cnas and atyrus e erted themseves, but neffectuay,
n order to persuade me to ater my resouton and on the
same day they removed nto odgngs, so as to be no onger
under the roof of Metta s foster-brother. The foowng
day the case came on Thersander had a great mustert of
frends and partsans, and had engaged ten advocates and
Metta had been e uay on the aert n preparng for her
defence. hen the counse on ether sde had fnshed
spea ng, as ed eave to address the court, and sad,
those who have been e ertng ther eo uence, ether
for Thersander or for Metta, have been gvng utterance to
sheer nonsense w revea the whoe truth, and nothng
but the truth. was once passonatey n ove wth a
femae of yzantum named eucppe she was carred off
by prates, and had reason to beeve that she was dead.
Meetng wth Metta n gypt, we formed a conne on,
and after some tme we traveed together to ths cty,
and eucppe, whom ust now mentoned, was found
wor ng as a save upon Thersander s estate, under hs
baff, osthenes. y what means he obtaned possesson
of a free-born femae, and what were hs deangs wth the
prates eave t to you to guess.
Metta, fndng that had recovered my former ms-
tress, became apprehensve of her reganng her nfuence
over my affectons, and contrved a pan for puttng her to death. entered nto her schemes, for what avas t to
concea the truth havng receved a promse that she
P r -v p ovra favp oa rov pov.
Dous, an vrtus, ua n hoste re urt
.. n. . 3 0.
rapaazvr seethe openng of the oraton of Machnes aganst
Ctesphon.
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480 C T T U .
woud sette a her property upon me a man was found,
who, for the reward of a hundred god peces, undertoo
the busness. hen the deed was done, he fed, and s
now somewhere n conceament. s for mysef, ove was
not ong n ta ng vengeance upon my cruety. o sooner
dd hear of the murder beng perpetrated, than bttery
repented of what had ta en pace, and a my former fond-
ness revved. or ths reason have determned to turn
evdence aganst mysef, n order that you may send me
whther she s gone to whom am st so deepy attached.
fe s ntoerabe to one who, n addton to beng a
murderer, oves her of whose death he has been the cause.
very one n court was uttery astounded at the une -
pected tenour of my speech, especay Metta. The advo-
cates of Thersander aready camed a trumph,t whe
those engaged n Metta s behaf an ousy uestoned her
as to the truth of what had sad. he was n great
-confuson dened some ponts, vrtuay admtted others,
confessed to havng nown eucppe, and ndeed confrmed
most of what had sad, wth the e cepton of the murder.
Ths genera agreement on her part wth the facts advanced
by me, created a suspcon aganst her, even n the mnds of
her own counse, and they were at a oss what ne of defence
to adopt on her behaf. t ths crtca uncture, whe the
court was beng a scene of great camour, Cnas came
forward and re uested to be heard, for emember, sad
he, a man s fe s now n eopardy. btanng perms-
son to spea , Men of phesus he began, (hs eyes
fng wth tears,) do not precptatey condemn to de
one who eagery ongs for death, the natura refuge of the
unfortunate. e has been caumnatng hmsef, and has
ta en upon hm the gut of others. et me brefy ac-
uant you wth what has befaen hm. hat he has sad
respectng hs mstress, her beng carred off by prates,
about osthenes, and other crcumstances whch happened
before the pretended murder, are strcty true. The young
woman has undoubtedy dsappeared but whether she s
st ave, or has been made away wth, t s mpossbe to
say one thng s certan, that osthenes conceved a
avePot aav mvbaov.
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C T T T . 481
passon for her, that he used her cruey for not consentng
to hs desres, and that he was eagued wth prates. My
frend beevng her to be murdered, s dsgusted wth fe,
and has, therefore nvented ths charge aganst hmsef
he has aready confessed wth hs own mouth that he s
an ous to de owng to gref at the oss whch he has
sustaned. Consder, pray you, whether t s ey that
one who s reay a murderer woud be so desrous of dyng
wth hs vctm, and woud fee fe so nsupportabe. hen
do we ever fnd murderers so tender-hearted, and hatred
so compassonate n the name of the gods, therefore, do
not beeve hs words do not condemn to death a man who
s much more deservng of commseraton than of punsh-
ment. f, as he says, he reay panned ths murder, et
hm brng forward the hred assassn et hm decare what
has become of the body. f nether the one nor the other
can be produced, how can any beef be attached to such a
murder was n ove wth Metta, he says, and
therefore caused eucppe to be ed ow comes he
to mpcate Metta, the ob ect of hs affecton, and to be
so desrous of dyng for eucppe, whose death he com-
passed s t usua for persons to hate the ob ect of ther
ove, and to ove the ob ect of ther hatred s t not
much more probabe that n such crcumstances he woud
have dened the crme (even had t been brought home to
hm) n order to save hs mstress, nstead of throwng
away hs own fe afterwards, owng to a van regret for her
oss hat can possby, therefore, be hs motve for
chargng Metta wth a crme of whch she s not guty
w te you, and n so dong do not suppose that have
any desre of ncupatng ths ady, my soe wsh s to
ma e you ac uanted wth the rea truth.
efore ths sea-farng husband of hers came to fe agan
so suddeny, Metta too a voent fancy to ths young
man, and proposed marrage to hm he on hs part was not
at a dsposed to compy wth her wshes, and hs repug-
nance became yet greater when he dscovered that hs
mstress, whom he had magned dead, was n savery,
under the power of osthenes. Unt aware who she was,
Metta, ta ng pty upon her, had caused her to be set
at berty, had receved her nto her own house, and treated
2
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C T T T .
her wth the consderaton due to a gentewoman n ds-
tress but after becomng ac uanted wth her story, she
was sent bac nto the country, and she has not been heard
of snce. The truth of what say can be attested by
Metta hersef and the two mads n whose company she
was sent away. Ths was one thng whch e cted sus-
pcons n my frend s mnd that eucppe had been fouy
deat wth through her rva s eaousy a crcumstance
whch too pace after he was n prson confrmed these
suspcons, and has had the effect of e asperatng hm not
ony aganst Metta but aganst hmsef, ne of the
prsoners, n the course of amentng hs own troubes,
mentoned that he had unwttngy faen nto the company
of a man who had commtted murder for the sa e of god
the vctm was named eucppe, and the crme, he sad, had
been commtted at the nstgaton of Metta. f course
cannot say whether ths be true or not, t s for you to
nsttute n ures. Tou can produce the prsoner who
made menton of the hred assassn osthenes, who can
decare from whom he purchased eucppe, and the mads,
who can e pan her dsappearance. efore you have
thoroughy nvestgated each of these partcuars, t s con-
trary to a aw, whether human or dvne, to pass sentence
upon ths unfortunate young man, on the bare evdence of
hs frenzed words, for there can be no doubt that the
voence of hs gref has affected hs nteect.
The arguments of Cnas appeared ust and reasonabe
to many of those present, but Thersander s counse, toge-
ther wth hs frends, caed out that sentence of death
ought to be pronounced wthout deay upon the murderer
who, by the provdence of the gods, had been made hs own accuser. Metta brought forward her mads, and re ured
Thersander to produce osthenes, who mght probaby turn
out to be the murderer. Ths was the chaenge many
nssted upon by her counse. Thersander, n great aarm,
secrety despatched one of hs dependants nto the country,
rpo r nv, a forma chaenge proposed by a party to hs oppo-
nent that the decson of a dsputed pont shoud be determned by
the evdence of a thrd party. ne of the most common was the
demand or offer to e amne by torture a save supposed to be cognzant
of the matter n dspute. ee Det. of Gr . and oman nt .
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C T T T . 483
wth orders to ostratus to get out of the way at once,
before the arrva of those who were about to be sent after
hm.
Mountng a horse wthout deay, the messenger rode fu
speed to nform the baff of the danger he ran of beng
put to the torture, f ta en. osthenes was at that moment
wth eucppe, dong hs best to soothe her rrtated fee-
ngs. earng hmsef summoned n a oud voce, he came
out of the cottage and, upon earnng the state of matters,
overcome wth fear, and thn ng the offcers were aready
at hs hees, he got upon the horse, and rode off towards
myrna after whch the messenger returned to hs master.
t s a true sayng that fear drves away the power of reco-
ecton, for osthenes n hs aarm for hs own safety was so
forgetfu of everythng ese, that he negected to secure the
door of eucppe s cottage. ndeed saves, generay spea -
ng, when frghtened, run nto the very e cess of cowardce.
Metta s advocates havng gven the above-mentoned
chaenge, Thersander came forward and sad, e have
now surey had ute enough of ths man s sy stores
and cannot but fee surprsed at your want of sense, who,
after convctng a murderer upon the strongest possbe
evdence, hs own admsson of hs gut, do not at once
pass sentence of death upon hm whereas, nstead of dong
ths, you suffer yourseves to be mposed upon by hs
pausbe words and tears. or my part beeve hm
actuated by persona fears, and to be an accompce n the
murder nor can see what possbe need there can be for
havng recourse to the rac n a matter so cear aready.
ay, more, fuy beeve hm to have had a hand n
another murder for three days have now eapsed snce
saw osthenes, the man whom they ca upon me to brng
forward t s not at a mprobabe that ths s owng to
ther contrvance, snce t was he who nformed me of the
act of adutery whch has ta en pace, and havng put hm
to death, they now crafty ca upon me to produce the
man, nowng t to be out of my power to do so. ut
even supposng he were ave and present, what dfference coud t ma e hat uestons woud he put to hm
Dd he ever purchase a certan femae Tes. as
ths femae n the power of Metta Tes. ere woud
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484 C T T U .
be an end of the e amnaton, and osthenes woud be
dsmssed. et me now, however, address mysef to C-
topho and Metta.
hat have you done, as , wth my save for a save
of mne she assuredy was, havng been purchased by
osthenes, and were she st ave, nstead of havng been
murdered by them, my save she woud st be. Ther-
sander sad ths from mnged mace and cunnng, n order
that f eucppe shoud turn out to be st ave, he mght
detan her n a state of servtude. e then contnued :
Ctopho confessed that he ed her, he has therefore
pronounced udgment upon hmsef. Metta, on the other
hand, denes the crme her mads may be brought forward
and tortured n order to refute what she says. f t shoud
appear that they receved the young woman from her, but
have not brought her bac agan, the ueston w arse,
hat has become of her hy was she sent away nd
to whom was she sent s t not sef-evdent that some
persons had been hred to commt the murder, and that the
mads were ept n gnorance of ths, est a number of
wtnesses mght render dscovery more probabe o doubt
they eft her at some spot where a gang of ruffans were
yng n conceament, so that t was out of ther power to
wtness what too pace. e has aso trumped up some
story about a prsoner who made menton of the murder.
shoud e to now who ths prsoner s, who has not sad
a word on the sub ect to the chef magstrate, but has com-
muncated, t seems, every partcuar to hm, e cept the
name of hs nformer. gan, as , w you not ma e an.
end of stenng to such fooery, and ta ng any nterest
n such transparent absurdtes Can you magne that he
woud have turned a sef-accuser wthout the nterventon
of the dety Thersander, after spea ng to ths effect,
concuded by soemny swearng that he was gnorant what
had become of osthenes.
The presdng udge, who was of roya e tracton, and
The events of ths romance are supposed to ta e pace rrhen
sa was st sub ect to the Persan mpre, but Tatus borrows hs
udca forms from those n use among the Gree s. e descrbes the
rpo poc to be of roya e tracton, probaby because cases ot bood were
tred before that archon, who was styed 3aa evc. acobs.
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C T T T . 48
who too cognzance of cases of bood, had, n accordance
wth the aw, a certan number of assessors, men of mature
age, whose provnce t was to assst hm n udca nves-
tgatons. fter conferrng wth them, he determned to
pronounce sentence of death upon me, agreeaby to a aw
whch awarded capta punshment to any one standng
convcted upon hs own accusaton. Metta was to have a
second tra, and her mads were to be e amned by torture,
Thersander was to regster hs oath, decaratory of hs
gnorance as to osthenes. , as aready condemned to
death, was to be tortured n order to ma e me confess
whether Metta was prvy to the murder. ready was
bound, strpped, and suspended aoft by ropes, whe some
were brngng scourges, others the fre and the whee, and
Cnas was amentng oudy, and cang upon the gods,
when o the prest of Dana crowned wth aure, was
behed approachng: the sgn of a sacred embassy comng
to offer sacrfces to the goddess. n such cases there s
suspensonf of a udca punshments durng the days
occuped n the performance of the sacrfce, and n con-
se uence of ths was reeased. The chef of the sacred
embassy was no other than eucppe s father. Dana had
appeared to the yzantans, and had secured them vctory
n the war aganst the Thracans, n conse uence of whch
they fet bound to send her a sacrfce n to en of ther
grattude. n addton to ths, the goddess had appeared
to ostratus hmsef at nght, sgnfyng to hm that he
woud fnd hs daughter and hs nephew at phesus. ust
about ths tme, eucppe perceved the door of the cottage
to be eft open and as, after a carefu e amnaton, os-
thenes was nowhere to be seen, her usua presence of mnd
and sangune hopes returned. he remembered how often,
contrary to a e pectaton, she had been preserved, and the
thought of ths gave her ncreased bodness. ortune
ach of the three superor archons waa at berty to have two
assessors (rapt po) chosen by hmsef, to assst hm by advce and
otherwse n the performance of hs varous dutes. Det. of Gr .
and om. nt .
Durng the absence of the sacred vesse (ftwpe) on ts msson to
Deos, the cty of thens was purfed, and no crmna was aowed
to be e ecuted.
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48 C T T U ,
moreover favoured her, snce the tempe of Dana was near
the spot. ccordngy, hurryng thther, she sought refuge
wthn ts precncts. The tempe afforded sanctuary to
men and vrgns, any other woman ncurred death by-
enterng t, uness she happened to be a save who had some
cause of compant aganst her master n whch case she
was permtted to ta e refuge there, and the matter was
submtted to the decson of the magstrates supposng the
master was ac utted, he too bac hs save, beng bound
by oath to bear her no w on account of her havng run
away but f, on the contrary, the save was proved to have
ustce on her sde, she remaned n the tempe, and was
empoyed n the servce of the goddess. eucppe arrved
at the tempe ust at the tme when ostratus was conduct-
ng the prest to the scene of the tra, n order to suspend
the proceedngs, and was very near encounterng her
father.
hen was set free, the court bro e up, and was
surrounded by a concourse of peope, some ptyng me,
some cang upon the gods n my behaf, others ueston-
ng me. ostratus, comng by at the tme, no sooner saw
than he recognzed me for, as before mentoned, he had
formery been at Tyre upon the occason of a festva of
ercues, and had passed a consderabe tme there before
the perod of our fght. e at once new me, and the
more ready because hs dream had ed hm to e pect that
he shoud fnd me and hs daughter there. Comng up to
me, therefore, Do see Ctopho sad he and where
s eucppe nstanty recognzng hm, cast my eyes
to the ground and remaned sent, whe the bystanders
reated to hm every partcuar reatve to my sef-accusa-
ton. e no sooner heard what they had to say than wth
an e acuaton of btter gref, and smtng hs head he made
a rush at me, and was very near pung out my eyes, for
remaned atogether passve and offered no resstance to hs
voence. t ength Cnas comng forward, chec ed hs
fury, and endeavoured to pacfy hm. hat are you
about sad he: why are you ventng your wrath aganst
hm he oves eucppe more deary than you do, for he has
Gourted death from beef that she was no onger n e s-
tence and he added a great dea more n order to cam hs
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C T T T . 487
rrtaton. e, on the other hand, contnued to vent hs
gref, and to ca upon Dana. s t for ths that thou hast
summoned me hther, goddess s ths the fufment of
my vson gave credence to the dreams whch thou ddst
send, and fattered mysef that shoud fnd my daughter
n eu of whch thou offerest me, forsooth, a wecome pre-
sent, my daughter s murderer 1 earng of the vson
sent by Dana, Cnas was over oyed. Ta e courage,
sr, he sad the goddess w not bee hersef est
assured your daughter s ave beeve me, am prophe-
syng truth do you not remar how wonderfuy she has
rescued your nephew from the cutches of hs torturers
he ths was gong on, one of the mnsters of the
goddess came hurredy to the prest, and announced that a
foregn maden had ta en refuge n the tempe. Ths
ntegence, gven n my hearng, nspred me wth new fe
my hopes revved, and summoned courage to oo up.
My predcton s beng fufed, sr, sad Cnas, ad-
dressng ostratus and then turnng to the messenger he
n ured, s the maden handsome he s second n
beauty ony to Dana hersef, was the repy.
t these words eaped for oy, and e camed, t must
be eucppe Tou are rght n your con ecture, sad
he ths was the very name she gave sayng ewse that
she was the daughter of one ostratus, and a natve of
yzantum. Cnas now capped hs hands and shouted
wth deght, whe ostratus, overcome by hs emotons, was
ready to sn upon the ground. or my part, n spte of
my fetters, made a bound nto the ar, and then shot away
towards the tempe, e an arrow from a bow. The eepers
pursued me, supposng that was tryng to escape, and
bawed out to every one top hm stop hm t that
moment, however, seemed to have wngs upon my hees,
and t was wth much dffcuty that some persons at ength
caught hod of me n my mad career. The eepers upon
comng up were dsposed to use voence, to whch, however,
was no onger ncned to submt nevertheess they per-
ssted n draggng me towards the prson. y ths tme
ee a very fu descrpton of the magnfcent tempe of Dana n
nthon s emprere.
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488 C T T T .
Cnas and ostratus had arrved at the spot and the
former caed out, hther are you ta ng ths man he
s not guty of the murder for whch he has been con-
demned ostratus spo e to the same effect, and added
that he was father to the maden supposed to have been
murdered. The bystanders, earnng the crcumstances
whch had ta en pace, were oud n ther prases of Dana,
and surroundng me woud not permt me to be ta en to
rson on the other hand, the eepers decared that they
ad no authorty to set a prsoner at berty who had been
condemned to death. n the end, the prest, at the urgent
entreaty of ostratus, agreed to become ba, and to produce
me n court whenever t shoud be re ured. Then at
ength freed from my fetters, hurred on towards the
tempe, foowed by ostratus, whose feengs of oy coud
hardy, thn , e ua my own.
umour, who outstrps the swftest of men, had aready
reached eucppe, and nformed her of a partcuars
respectng me and ostratus. Upon catchng sght of us
she darted out of the tempe, and threw her arms around
her father, but at the same tme her oo s were turned on me the presence of ostratus restraned me from embrac-
ng her, though gazed ntenty upon her face and thus
our greetngs were confned to eyes.
.
ust as we were sttng down and begnnng to converse
upon the varous events whch had ta en pace, Thersander,
accompaned by severa wtnesses, arrved n a great buste,
and addressng hmsef to the prest n a oud voce sad,
warn you, n the presence of these wtnesses, that you
have acted egay n settng at berty a prsoner con-
demned to death besdes whch, what rght have you to
detan my save, a ewd woman, who s nsatabe n her
ee tamen ama voucrs, pgra pennarum tardtate cessaverat
sed protuusn patra, Dese provdents adorabebenefcum, meam ue
psus fortunam memorabem, narraverat passm. pu. Met. .
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C T T U . 48
appette for men asperated by ths anguage, and not
endurng to hear her caed a save and accused of ewdness,
nterrupted hm, Tou are treby a save yoursef, and
the ran est echer who ever e sted, whereas she s free
born, and pure and worthy of her guardan goddess
Dare you vent your nsoence on me, convcted feon
that you are e camed he, accompanyng hs words wth
a coupe of bows, whch, gven wth a hs mght, caused
the bood to fow from my nose n streams n hs haste to
dea me a thrd, he struc me on the mouth, and my teeth
nfctng a severe wound upon hs fngers avenged the
nsut offered to my nostrs. Utterng a cry of pan, he
drew bac hs hand, and dd not offer any further voence
whe, pretendng not to notce that he was hurt, fed the
tempe wth outcres at the usage whch had receved.
hther, e camed, sha we henceforth fee to
escape the hands of voence here sha we see
sanctuary, f Dana s despsed o have been at-
tac ed n the very tempe, and struc n front of the hoy
curtan t had supposed that such acts coud ta e pace
ony n some howng wderness, wth no human wtness to
behod them but you abandoned wretch that you are
e ercse your brutaty n the very presence of the gods
Tempes are wont to afford an asyum, even to the guty
but , who am whoy nnocent and a suppant of the god-
dess, have suffered voence before the atar, nay, before
the eyes of the goddess The bows nfcted on me have
vrtuay faen upon Dana hersef or has your drun en
fury been content wth bows, you have even deat wounds,
such as one receves n batte, and you have defed the
sacred pavement wth human bood ho ever poured out
such drn offerngs to the phesan goddess arbarans
do so, and so do the Taur, and bood s sprn ed upon the
rp ov oe, a save through three generatons.
ov rpr g yu / rpdc pavu rp ov og.
oph. ( d.Tyr. 10 4.
v rote rr g a aag wp oc. n tempes, curtans served more
especay to ve the statue of the dvnty : Dum ves candentbus
reducts n dversum, Dese venerabem conspectum apprecamur. pu. ot. .
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atars of the cythan Dana but you have made a savage
cytha of the poshed ona, and the gore ft ony for
Taurs s seen to fow at phesus hy not proceed yet
farther, and draw your sword aganst me Though what
need s there of swords, the wor of a weapon has aready-
been accompshed by your na ed hand Tes your bood-
staned and homcda hand has done deeds ft ony for a
scene of murder
ttracted by my outcres, a crowd of those who were n
the tempe foc ed together, who rated hm soundy for hs
conduct, and the prest hmsef sad, re you not ashamed
to e hbt such behavour openy and n the tempe
ncouraged by ther presence, Men of phesus sad,
you see how fouy have been treated. Tes , a free
man and a natve of no mean cty, have had a pot contrved
aganst my fe by ths wc ed man, and have been preserved
ony by the nterventon of Dana, who has brought to ght
the fasehood of the charge aganst me. t behoves me
now to go forth n order to ceanse my face may not do
so wthn the tempe, east the hoy water shoud be defed
by the bood of voence. Thersander was wth dffcuty
forced out, and muttered to hmsef as he departed: Tour
fate s aready seaed, and ere ong the aw sha have ts
due as for ths strumpet who woud fan pass for a vrgn,
she sha undergo the ordea of the syrn . hen at ast
we were rd of hm, went out and ceansed my face t
was now supper-tme, and the prest entertaned us very
hosptaby.
coud not summon up courage to oo ostratus n the
face, from a recoecton of what had been my conduct
towards hm, and he percevng ths, and guessng my fee-
ngs, was e uay unwng to oo towards me eucppe
aso sat wth downcast eyes, so that the supper was ato-
gether a very soemn affar. hen however the wne cr-
cuated, and reserve began to dsappear under the nfuence
ovgtv g y v nvav av vfnr r ya a
r aTy tpvyovTeg trT o veava
t p ov TT oatpayfa a Gvrr pov
pr u .
ph. n Taurs, 230.
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C T TrC . 4 1
of acchus, patron of freedom and ease, the prest, ad-
dressng ostratus, sad, My worthy guest, w you not
favour us wth your own hstory t must, magne, con-
tan some nterestng passages, and the stenng to such sub-
ects adds zest to the wne. ostratus ready avaed hm-
sef of the opportunty to spea , and reped, My own
story s a very smpe one you are aready ac uanted wth
my name and country, and when have added that am
unce to ths young man and father to the maden, you have
heard a. Do you, son Ctopho, (turnng to me) ay
asde a bashfuness and reate whatever you have to say
worth hearng the gref and ve aton whch have en-
dured s to be attrbuted to ortune not to you besdes,
to te of past troubes when one has escaped from them, s
a source of peasure rather than of gref. f
Upon ths, detaed a the events whch had occurred
snce eavng Tyre the voyage, the shpwrec , our beng
cast upon the coast of gypt, our fang among the buc-
caneers, the carryng off of eucppe, the adventures of the
fase stomach contrved by Meneaus, the passon conceved
for her by the commander, the dscovery of the ove poton
by Chaereas, eucppe s second rape by corsars, and the
wound receved by me of whch e hbted the scar. hen
approached the sub ect of Metta, reated the story
n such a manner as to gve an e ated dea of my own
contnence, yet wthout beng guty of any fasehood.
spo e of her voent passon for me, her urgent but unsuc-
cessfu entreates to obtan ts gratfcaton, her munfcent
promses, her gref at beng dsapponted, our subse uent
voyage to phesus, the supper, my sharng her bed, and
(nvo ng at the same tme Dana s name) my rsng from
her sde as pure as one femae woud from another, my
beng sezed and put n prson, my fase accusaton of my-
sef ths and every other matter detaed down to the
appearance of the acred mbassy, suppressng ony the
dsgrace of my conne on wth Metta.t
Tu ene tormentum ugeno admoves
Perum ue duro tu sapentum
Curas et arcanam ocoso
Consum retegs yseo. or. . d. s. 1
r v 7rpof M rrr a d.
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4 2 C T T U .
eucppe s adventures, sad , n contnuaton, are
stranger even than mne. he has been sod to savery, has
been compeed to abour n the fed, has been despoed of
the honours of her head, of whch you can see the to ens
and then passng on to the conduct of osthenes and Ther-
sander, entered much more nto deta than had done,
when spea ng of mysef. My ob ect n dong ths, was to
gratfy eucppe, n the hearng of her father. he has
endured every n her person, sad , e ceptng one, and
to avod that one, she has submtted to a the others and
has contnued, to ths day, father (addressng ostratus),
pure as when frst you sent her from yzantum. t s
no mert n me to have abstaned from consummatng the
ob ect for whch we fed the mert s entrey on her
sde for havng preserved nvoate her chastty n the mdst
of vans, nay, aganst that arch van, the shameess and
voent Thersander. ur fght from home was caused by
mutua ove but can assure you, father, that durng the
voyage we were ute patonc, our ntercourse was no
other than that of a brother and a sster and f there be
such a thng as vrgnty n men, am st a vrgn as
regards eucppe she, ong snce bound hersef by a vow to
Dana.t
ueen of ove, e acuated , be not wroth nor deem
thysef to have been sghted by us we were but unwng
to ceebrate our nuptas n the absence of the maden s
father he has now happy arrved be thou present there-
fore, and sme proptousy upon us. The prest had
stened open-mouthed to my story, and ostratus had been
sheddng tears durng the recta of hs daughter s suffer-
f a woman have ong har, t s a gory to her for her har s
gven her for a coverng. 1 Cor. . 1 .
pueus, Met. . . has a remar abe passage ustratve of the
ndspensabeness of a fne head of har to consttute perfect femae
beauty. cu usbet e mse pucherrmse ue femnse caput capo
spoavers et facem natva spece nudavers, cet a coeo de ecta,
m8r edta, fuctbus educata, cet, n uam enus psa fuert, cet
omn Gratarum choro stpata, et toto Cupdnum popuo comtata
et batheo suo cncta, cnnama fragrans et basama rorans, cava proces-
sert, pacere non potert nee ucano suo.
ee the begnnng of . v. where Dana en ons upon eucppe
the preservaton of her chastty.
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C T T U . 4 3
ngs. ow that you have heard the account of our adven-
tures, sad to our host, have a favour to as of you.
hat dd Thersander s partng words refer to, when he
made menton of the syrn Tou have a rght to
ma e the n ury, reped he and am both abe and
wng to compy wth your re uest. t w be some
return for the narratve wth whch you have ust favoured
us. Tou see the grove n the rear of the tempe n t s
a cave, entrance nto whch s forbdden to women n
genera, but s permtted to madens who have preserved
ther purty. tte wthn the doors a syrn s sus-
pended perhaps you yzantans are aready ac uanted
wth the nature of ths nstrument shoud t be otherwse,
w gve you a descrpton of t, and w ewse reate
the egend of Pan, wth whch t s connected.
The syrn s composed of a certan number of reed
ppes, whch coectvey produce the same sounds as a
fute these reeds are paced n reguar order and mutuay
compacted, presentng the same appearance on ether sde
begnnng from the shortest, they ascend n gradaton to
the ongest, and the centra one hods a medum proporton
between the two e tremtes. The prncpe of ths arrange-
ment arses from the aws of harmony, the two e tremes of
sound (as we as of ength) are found at ether end, and
the ntervenng ppes convey downwards a gradaton of
notes so as to combne the frst and shrest wth the ast
and deepest of a. The same varety of sounds, (as before
observed) are produced by Mnerva s fute as by the
syrn of Pan but n the former case, the fngers drect the
notes, n the atter, the mouth suppes the pace n the
one case, the performer coses every openng e cept the
one through whch the breath s ntended to proceed n
the other case, he eaves open the aperture of every other
reed, and paces hs mouth upon that one ony whch he
wshes to emt a sound hs ps eap (as we may say) from
reed to reed and dance t aong the syrn as the aws of
harmony re ure. ow, ths syrn was orgnay nether
o rr c vaf a he. prar opcvc
Throughout ths descrpton of the syrn , the Gree te t s very
corrupt: ocus gravter afctus, s the e presson of acobs, who
gves four cosey prnted octavo pages of notes, to eucdate ts dfn-
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4 4 C T T U .
ppe nor reed, but a damse whose charms made her most
desrabe. mtten by ove, Pan pursued her, and she fed
for refuge to a thc et the god st cosey foowng her,
stretched forth hs hand to seze as he supposed her har,
but o nstead of har, he grasped a bunch of reeds, whch,
so the egend says, sprang from the earth as she descended
nto t. nraged at hs dsappontment, Pan cut them
down, magnng that they had stoen from hm the ob ect
of hs ove but when hs search after her st proved
unavang, he supposed the maden to have been changed
nto these reeds, and wept at hs hasty act, thn ng that n
so dong he had caused the death of hs beoved. e then
proceeded to coect and pace together what he magned to
be her mbs, and hodng them n hs hands, contnued to
ss what fancy pctured to be the manged remans of the
maden s body. Deepy sghng as he mprnted sses on the
reeds, hs sghs found a passage through these hoow
ppes, formng sounds of musc, and thus the syrn came
to have a voce. Ths nstrument Pan suspended wthn
the cave, and he s sad often to resort hther n order to
pay upon t. t a perod subse uent to the event of
whch am spea ng, he conveyed the pace as a gft to
Dana, upon the condton that none save a spotess maden
shoud be aowed to enter t. henever therefore the
vrgnty of any femae comes nto suspcon, she s con-
ducted to the entrance of ths cavern, and t s eft to the
syrn to pronounce udgment upon her. he enters n her
usua dress, and mmedatey the doors are cosed. f she
proves to be a vrgn, a sweety cear and dvney ravshng
sound s heard, caused ether by the ar whch s there stored
up, fndng ts way nto the syrn , or by the ps of the
god hmsef. fter a short space, the doors open of ther
own accord, and the maden ma es her appearance, wearng
a crown of pne eaves. f, on the other hand, the femae
has fasey asserted her cam to vrgnty, the syrn s
sent, and nstead of musc, the cave sends forth a doefu
eutes. The transator has endeavoured to gve, what (after a com-
parson of the notes) appeared to hm the true sense.
ee the same egend, towards the end of ongus, . .
row rorov rvfa ovrog fovaubv tf rf v avpyya rafTov.
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C T T U . 4
sound, upon whch those who attended her to the entrance
depart and eave her to her fate. Three days after, the
prestess of the tempe enters, and fnds the syrn faen
to the ground, but the femae s no where to be seen.
have now tod you everythng, and t s for you maturey to
deberate upon what course you ntend pursung. f, as
sncerey hope, the maden s a vrgn, you may fearessy
submt to the ordea, for the syrn has never fasfed ts
character. houd the case be otherwse, t s needess to
suggest what s the safer course and you we now,
what a femae, e posed as she has been to varous pers,
may have been compeed to submt to, ute aganst her
w.
agery nterruptng the prest, eucppe sad, Tou
need be under no aarm on my account, am ute ready
to enter, and be shut up wthn the cave. re oce to
hear you say so, reped he, and congratuate you on
the good fortune whch has preserved your vrtue. s t
was near evenng we retred to the chambers prepared for
us by the prest Cnas had not supped wth us from fear
of beng burdensome to our nd host, but had returned to
hs former odgngs. The egend of the syrn caused os-
tratus much uneasness, as he evdenty feared, that out of
regard to hm, we had been advancng undue cams to
chastty percevng ths, made a sgn to eucppe to
remove as best she coud, the suspcons of her father.
s an ety had not escaped her observaton, and even
before recevng a hnt from me, she had been devsng
how to set hs mnd at rest. Upon embracng hm, there-
fore, as he retred to rest, ather, she srd, n a ow
voce, you need be under no apprehenson soemny
swear to you by Dana, that both of us have spo en nothng
but the truth. The foowng day, ostratus and the prest
were occuped n performng the ob ect of the sacred em-
bassy, by offerng the vctms the members of the enate
were present at the soemnty, and hymns of prase resounded
n honour of the goddess. Thersander aso was there, and
comng to the presdent he desred to have hs case post-
poned to the ne t day, as the condemned crmna had been
set at berty by some meddng persons, and osthenes
coud no where be found. s re uest was comped wth,
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4 C T T U .
and we on our part, made every preparaton for meetng the
charge whch was to be brought aganst us. hen the
mornng of tra arrved, Thersander spo e as foows:
am uttery at a oss how to begn, and aganst whom frst to
drect my charges the offence whch has gven rse to ths
tra nvoves varous others e ua n mportance, and mp-
cates severa partes, and each of ther offences mght suppy
matter for a separate tra my words must amost unavod-
aby fa n dong ustce to each dvson of the sub ect,
and n my eagerness to hasten to some pont htherto
untouched, must necessary dea mperfecty wth that
upon whch am engaged. ow ndeed can t be other-
wse n a case e ths, wheren s m ed up adutery, m-
pety, boodshed and awess e cesses of every nd here
aduterers are found murderng other peope s saves, mur-
derers corruptng other peope s wves, whoremongers and
harots nterruptng and dsgracng wth ther presence
hoy soemntes and the most sacred paces evertheess
w proceed. Tou condemned a crmna to death on
account of what cause, t matters not you sent hm bac
n chans to prson, there to be ept unt the e ecuton of
the sentence yet ths man who s vrtuay your prsoner,
now stands before you at berty and attred n whte
aye, and no doubt w venture to rase hs voce n order
to decam aganst me or rather, shoud say, aganst you
and aganst the ustce of your verdct. demand to have
the sentence of the Court read aoud. There, you have
now heard t. The sentence of the Court s that C-
topho be put to death. here then s the e ecutoner
et the prsoner be ed away, et the hemoc be adm-
nstered he s aready dead n aw, and has ved a day
too ong. nd now, what e cuse have you to pead, hoy
and reverend prest n whch of the sacred aws do you
fnd t ad down that prsoners, duy condemned by a sen-
tence of the court, and devered up to chans and death, are
to be rescued and set at berty. n what grounds do you
arrogate to yoursef a power superor to that of the udges
and the Court Presdent t s tme for you to ut your
char and to abdcate to hm your pace and power Tour
sorbto dra ooutce. Persus, . v. 2.
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C T T . 4 7
authorty s gone, your decrees are good for nought e
ta es upon hmsef to reverse the sentence you have passed.
hy any onger stand among us, sr Prest, as a mere
prvate ndvdua y a means go up hgher, ta e your
pace upon the bench ssue henceforth your udgments, or
f t pease you better, your arbtrary and tyrannca de-
crees spurn aw and ustce under your feet beeve that
you are more than man cam for yoursef worshp ne t
after Dana, snce you have aready arrogated her pecuar
prvege. therto she aone has afforded sanctuary to
suppants, but to suppants, be t remembered, whom
the aw has not yet condemned not those to whom chans
and death have been decreed, for the atar shoud be a
refuge not to the wc ed but to the unfortunate Tou,
forsooth, berate a prsoner you ac ut a condemned cr-
mna Tou therefore arrogate a power superor to that of
Dana s sef ho, unt now, ever heard of a murderer
and aduterer nhabtng the chamber of a tempe, nstead
of the dungeon of a prson fou aduterer under the
same roof wth a vrgn goddess, and havng for hs partner
a shameess woman, a save and runaway Tou t s who
have entertaned the worthy par at bed and board nay,
probaby have shared her bed. Tou have converted the
tempe of the goddess nto a common brothe. Tou have
made her sanctuary, a den of whoremongers and harots
your dongs woud hardy fnd a parae n the vest stew
o far as regards these two have now done, one w
trust meet wth hs ust deserts, et the sentence of the aw
be put n force aganst the other.
My second charge s aganst Metta for adutery and
here need not spea at any ength, as t has aready been
decded that her mads sha be submtted to the torture, n
order to ascertan the truth. demand, therefore, to have
them produced and f, after undergong the ueston, they
persst n denyng ther nowedge that the accused ha
for a consderabe tme cohabted wth her n my house, not
ony n the character of paramour but of husband, then
am bound freey to ac ut her of a bame. ut shoud the
contrary be proved, then cam that n accordance wth
the aws she be deprved of her marrage porton, and that
2
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4 8 C T T U .
t be gven up to me, n -whch case the prsoner must
suffer death, the punshment awarded to aduterers. he-
ther, however, he sha suffer under ths charge or as a
murderer, matters tte he s guty of both crmes, and
though sufferng punshment w, n fact, be evadng
ustce,t for whereas he owes two deaths, he w have pad
but one. ne other sub ect there remans for me to touch
upon: ths save of mne and her respectabe pretended
father. sha, however, reserve what have to say on ths
head unt you have come to a decson respectng the other
partes.
Thersander havng now ended, t was for the prest to
spea . e was possessed of eo uence, and had n hm a
arge share of the rstophanc ven accordngy he at-
tac ed Thersanter s debauched manner of fe wth great
wt and humour. y the goddess, sad he, t s the
sgn of havng a fou tongue, thus shameessy to ra
aganst honest fo s, but t s nothng new to ths worthy
genteman, for throughout hs fe the fthness of hs
tongue has been notorous. The season of hs youth was
passed among the ewdest of man nd, among whom he gave
hmsef up to the most abandoned practces, and whe
affectng gravty, sobrety, and a regard for earnng, hs
body was made the save of a mpurty. fter a tme he
eft hs father s house, and hred a mserabe odgng, where
he too up hs abode. nd how do you suppose he earned
hs vng hy, party by strong about the town and
sngng baads, party by recevng at home feows e
hmsef, for purposes whch sha not now name. ths
y the oman aw, a woman convcted of adutery was mucted-
n haf her (doa) and the thrd part of her property (bona), and
banshed to some mserabe sand, such as erphos. Dct, ot r .
and om. nt .
t T g e u t.
ere and esewhere n the address of the worthy prest of Dana
occur e uvo ues, whch, owng to the genus of the ngsh anguage
and a regard for decency are ncapabe of and unft for transaton.
The commentators ustrate the passage referred to n ths note by an
epgram of Marta, . 80.
De nu uerers, nu maedcs, pc
umor at, ngua te tanen esse maa .
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C T T U . 4
tme he was supposed to be cutvatng hs mnd, and m-
provng hs educaton whereas, accompshed hypocrte
he was but throwng a ve over hs n utes. ven n the
wrestng schoo hs manner whe anontng hs body, and
hs atttudes, and hs aways choosng to engage n wrestng
wth the stoutest and comeest of the youths, showed hs
detestabe propenstes. uch was hs character durng
hs youthfu days. Upon arrvng at manhood, he threw
off the mas , and e hbted before the eyes of a the vces
whch htherto he had endeavoured to eep conceaed.
s he coud no onger turn any other part of hs body to
account, he determned thenceforth to e ercse hs tongue,
and admraby has he succeeded n sharpenng t upon the
whetstone of mpurty, ma ng hs mouth the vehce for
shameess speech, pourng out ts torrents of abuse on every
one, and havng hs effrontery stamped upon hs very face.
e has gone the ength (as you have seen) of coarsey nsutng n your presence an ndvdua whom you have
honoured wth the presthood. ere a stranger to you,
and had not my fe been passed among you, shoud deem
t necessary to dwe upon my own character, and that of
my usua assocates but there s no occason for dong
ths. Tou we now how opposte has been my way of
vng to the sanderous mputatons whch he has cast upon
me. therefore pass on at once to hs recent charges.
have set at berty, he says, a convcted crmna and
up an these grounds he proceeds to nvegh bttery aganst
me, and appes to me the epthet of tyrant, and now
not how many other hard words. ow a tyrant s one who
oppresses the nnocent, not one who steps forward to defend
the vctm of fase accusaton. hat aw, demand, sanc-
toned your commttng ths young man to prson efore
what trbuna had he been condemned hat udge had
pronounced hs sentence Grantng the truth of every
charge advanced aganst hm, he has at a events a rght to
a far tra he has a rght to be heard n hs own defence
he has a rght to be egay convcted f need be, et
the aw (whch s supreme over a a e,) mprson hm
unt t has atered ts decrees not one of us can cam
g aa yav c ovg.
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00 C T T T .
authorty over another. ut f proceedngs such as we
have seen, are to be countenanced, t woud be advsabe at
once to cose the courts, to abosh the trbunas, to depose
the magstrates. th far greater ustce may retort
aganst hm the e pressons whch he has empoyed re-
spectng me. may say, Presdent, ma e way for Ther-
sander, for your presdentshp s but an empty name, t s
he who reay e ercses your powers nay, more, e ercses
powers whch you do not possess. Tou have assessors,
wthout whose concurrence you can pass no sentence.
Tou can e ercse no authorty e cept upon the udgment
seat you cannot st at home and condemn a man to chans
and prsons. Ths worshpfu genteman, however, s both
udge and ury a offces are, forsooth, concentrated n
hs snge person he ma es hs house hs court of ustce
there he nfcts hs punshments thence he ssues hs
decrees and condemns a man to chans and to ma e mat-
ters yet better, he hods hs court at nght f nd what s t
whch now fnds empoyment for hs ungs Tou have set
free, he says, a crmna condemned to death. as , hat
death as , hat crmna for what crme condemned
or murder, he repes. murderer here, then,
s the murdered vctm he whom you decared to have
been done to death, stands before you ave and we. The
charge, therefore, at once fas to the ground, for you cannot
consder ths maden as an ary phantom, sent up by Puto
from the reams beow Tou are yoursef a murderer,
aye, and a doube murderer. er you have san by yng
words hm you wshed n reaty to say. may add her
aso for we now of your dongs n the country. The
great goddess Dana has, however, happy preserved them
both, by deverng the maden from the hands of osthenes,
and ths young man from you. s for osthenes, you have
purposey got hm out of the way, n order to escape detec-
ton. re you not ashamed to have your charges aganst
ravra avrov yvra. r fog, /3ow ) , n-pdt pof, rrpar yof.
mong the Gree s ega procedngs termnated at sunset nor
coud decrees of the senate, among the omans, be passed after that
tme hence we fnd as terms of reproach: enatusconsuta vesper-
Una, n Ccero and advocat nocturn n Petronus.
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M. T T t . 01
these strangers proved to be the vest caumnes hat
have sad w have suffced to cear mysef the defence
of the strangers sha eave to others.
n advocate of consderabe reputaton as an orator, and
a member of the senate, was about to address the court n
behaf of me and Metta, when he was nterrupted by one
of Thersander s counse,named opater: rother cos- traus, sad he, must cam the rght of beng frst
heard aganst ths aduterous coupe t w be your turn
to repy afterwards.
hat Thersander sad reated ony to the prest, and
scarcey touched upon the case of the prsoner and when
sha prove hm to be rchy deservng of a two-fod death,
then w be the tme for you to rebut my charges. Then,
stro ng hs chn, and wth a great foursh of words, he
proceeded : e have stened to the buffoonery of ths
prest, ventng hs scurrous fasehoods aganst Thersander,
and endeavourng to turn aganst hm the anguage so usty
drected aganst hmsef. ow, mantan, that throughout
Thersander has adhered to truth the prest has ta en upon
hmsef to berate a prsoner he has receved a harot
beneath hs roof he has been on frendy terms wth an
aduterer. ot a word has he uttered aganst Thersander
but what savours of the vest caumny, but f anythng
especay becomes a prest, surey t s to eep a cv
tongue n hs head, and n sayng ths am but borrowng
hs own words. owever, after edfyng us wth hs wt
and ests, he went on to adopt a tragc stran, and bttery
nveghed aganst us for handcuffng an aduterer, and send-
ng hm to prson. wonder what t cost to nde n hm
ths prodgous warmth of zea Methn s can gve a
toeraby shrewd guess. e has oo ed wth a ongng
eve upon the features of these two shameess guests of hs
the wench s handsome, the youth has a goody counte-
nance both are we suted for the prvate peasures of a
prest hch of the two best served your turn t any
rate you a sept together you a got drun together
and there are no wtnesses to depose how your nghts
were passed. sady fear me that Dana s fane has been
perverted nto phrodte s tempe t w furnsh matter
for future dscusson, whether you are ft to be a prest.
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02 C T T U .
s to my cent Thersander, every one nows that from
hs earest years he has been a pattern of sobrety and
vrtue no sooner was he arrved at manhood, than he
contracted a marrage accordng to the aws hs choce
was ndeed unfortunate, and trustng to her ran and
weath, he found hmsef the husband of a wfe very dffe-
rent from what he had e pected. There can be tte doubt
that she ong ago went astray, un nown to ths most e em-
pary of men t s pan enough that attery she has cast
off a shame, and has nduged her dsgracefu propenstes
to the utmost. o sooner had her husband set out on a
ong voyage than she thought t a favourabe opportunty
for ndugng her oose desres and then t was that, un-
fortunatey for her, she ghted upon ths mascune
whore a paramour who among women s a man, and
among men a woman.
ot content to cohabt wth hm n mpunty n a foregn
and, she must needs transport hm wth her over an e tent
of sea, and on the voyage must needs ta e her ascvous
sport n the sght of a the passengers. , shameess
adutery, n whch sea and and, had both a share.
shameess adutery, proonged even from gypt to ona
Generay, when women are guty of adutery they confne
themseves to a snge act, or f they repeat ther crme, t
s wth every precauton whch may ensure conceament.
n the present case, however, she commts the sn by sound
of trumpet, f may so say. The aduterer s nown to
every one n phesus, and she hersef s not ashamed to
have brought hm hther e so much merchandse ma ng
an nvestment n good oo s, ta ng n a paramour by way
of freght he w say, concuded my husband to be
dead n that case, repy, were your husband dead,
you woud be free from crmnaty, for there woud then be
no sufferer by the aduterous act, nor s any dshonour cast
on marrage f the husband s no onger n e stence but
f the husband be ave, the marrage bond s st n force,
hs rghts over hs wfe contnue, and he has, by her
crmnaty, suffered a grevous wrong.
vopvoe: the word gven as a transaton, s found n Trous
and Cressda.
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C T T . 03
Thersander here nterrupted hm, t s needess to
e amne any one by torture, as was formery proposed.
offer two chaenges: one to ths wfe of mne, Metta
the other to the pretended daughter of ths ambassador,
who s awfuy my save. e then read aoud
Thersander chaenge Metta and eucppe (such 1 un-
derstand s the strumpet s name) to submt to the fo-
owng ordea: f the former, as she asserts, has had no
ntercourse wth ths stranger durng the perod of my
absence, et her go unto the sacred fountan of the ty ,
decare her nnocence upon oath, and then stand ac utted
of any further gut. et the atter, f free-born and no
onger a maden, reman my save, for the tempe of the
goddess affords sanctuary to saves aone f, on the other
hand, she asserts hersef to be a vrgn, et her be shut nto
the cave of the syrn . e mmedatey accepted ths
chaenge, beng aready aware that t woud be made.
Metta, ewse conscous that nothng mproper had
ta en pace durng the actua absence of Thersander, sad,
accept the chaenge and w here add, that durng the
perod referred to had crmna ntercourse wth no one,
whether foregner or ctzen and w as you, address-
ng Thersander, to what penaty w you submt, pro-
vded the charge prove groundess and caumnous
w submt to whatever the aw decrees, was hs repy.
The court then bro e up, the foowng day beng apponted
for the respectve ordeas referred to n the chaenge.
The foowng s the egend of the tygan fountan:
There was once a beauteous maden, named hodops,
whose supreme deght was n the chase. he was swft of
foot, unerrng n her am she wore a head-band, had her
robe grt up to the nee, and her har short, after the fashon
of men. Dana met her, bestowed many commendatons
on her, and made her her companon n the chase. The
maden bound hersef by oath to observe perpetua vr-
gnty, to avod the company of men, and never to humate
hersef by submttng to amorous ndugence. enus
.... she not be ht th Cupd s arrow
nd, n strong proof of chastty we arm d,
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04 C T T U .
overheard the oath, and was ncensed at t, and determned
to punsh the damse for her presumpton. There happened
to be a youth of phesus, named uthyncus, as much,
dstngushed among men for beauty as hodops was
among those of her own se . e was as ardenty devoted
to the chase as the maden, and e her was averse to the
deghts of ove. ne day when Dana was absent, enus
contrved to ma e the game whch they were foowng run
n the same drecton then addressng her archer son, she
sad, Do you see yon frgd and unovng par, enemes to
us and to our mysteres The maden has even gone the
ength of regsterng an oath aganst me Do you see
them both foowng a hnd on the chase, and begn by
ma ng an e ampe of the maden your arrows never
mss. oth at the same moment bend ther bows, she
aganst the hnd, but Cupd aganst her, and both ht the
mar , but the successfu huntress hersef becomes a vctm
her arrow perces the shouder of the deer, but Cupd s
shaft penetrates her heart, and the resut of the wound was
ove for uthyncus. Cupd then ams a shaft at hm, and
wth the same effect. or a tme they stand and gaze
upon each other ther eyes are fascnated they cannot
turn away graduay ther nward wounds become n-
famed the fre ndes,t and ove urges ther steps to the
cavern where now the fountan fows, and there they voate
ther oath. Dana soon after saw enus aughng, and
ready comprehended what had ta en pace, and as a
rom ove s wea chdsh bow she ves unharm d
he w not stay the sege of ovng terms,
or bde the encounter of assang eyes.
omeo and uet.
The reader w ca to mnd the ove at frst sght of Thea-
genes and Charcea, so we descrbed n the Thrd oo of the
t opes.
or, oh, ove s bow,
hoots buc and doe
The shaft confounds,
ot that t wounds,
ut tc es at the sore.
Trous and Cressda.
Compare Mned, . v. 11 12 .
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C T T T . 0
punshment changed the maden nto a fountan, upon the
spot where her chastty was ost. or ths reason, when
any femae s suspected of mpurty, she s made to step
nto the fountan, whch s shaow, reachng ony to mdeg,
and then t s that the ordea ta es pace. The oath deca-
ratve of chastty s wrtten on a tabet, and suspended from
her nec f truy sworn, the fountan remans unmoved
f fasey ta en, t swes and rages, rses to her nec , and
fows over the tabet.
e t mornng a great concourse assembed, and at the
head came Thersander wth a confdent e presson of coun-
tenance, and oo ng at us wth a contemptuous sme.
eucppe was attred n a sacred robe of fne whte nen,
reachng to the feet and grded about her wast round
her head she had a purpe fet, and her feet were bare.
he entered the cavern wth an ar of becomng modesty.
Upon seeng her dsappear wthn, was overcome by
agtaton, and sad mentay, doubt not your chastty,
dearest eucppe, but am afrad of Pan he s a vrgn-
ovng god, and for aught now, you may become a second
syrn . s former mstress easy escaped hm, for her
course ay over an open pan whereas you are shut up
wthn doors, and so boc aded that fght s out of the
ueston, however much you may wsh to fy. Pan be
thou proptous do not voate the statutes of the pace,
whch we have regousy observed grant that eucppe
may agan return to us a vrgn remember thy compact
wth Dana, and do no n ury to the maden. he ta ng to mysef n ths manner, sounds of musc proceeded
from the cavern, more ravshngy sweet, was assured,
than had been heard on any former occason: the doors
were mmedatey opened, and when eucppe sprang forth,
the muttude shouted wth deght, and vented e ecratons
upon Thersander. hat my own feengs were, cannot
pretend to descrbe. fter ganng ths frst sgna trumph,
we eft the spot, and proceeded to the pace whch was to be
the scene of the remanng ordea, the peope foowng
agan to behod the spectace. verythng was n readness,
the tabet was suspended to Metta s nec , and she de-
scended nto the shaow fountan wth a smng counte-
nance. o change was perceptbe n the water, whch
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0 C T T T .
remaned perfecty st, and dd not n the sghtest degree
e ceed ts usua depth, and at the e praton of the aotted
tme the presdent came forward, and ta ng Metta by
the hand, conducted her out of the fountan. Thersander,
aready twce defeated, and surey antcpatng a thrd
defeat, too to hs hees and fed to hs own house, fearng
that the peope woud, n ther fury, stone hm. s
apprehensons were we founded, for some young men
were seen at a dstance draggng osthenes aong two of
them were Metta s nsmen, and the others were servants,
whom she had despatched n uest of hm. Thersander
had caught sght of hm, and feeng sure that when put to
the torture he woud confess everythng, he secrety eft
the cty, as soon as nght came on. osthenes was com-
mtted to prson by order of the magstrates, and we returned
trumphant upon every pont, and accompaned by the shouts
and good wshes of the peope.
e t mornng they whose busness t was conducted
osthenes before the magstrates. ware that he was
about to be put to the ueston, he made a fu confes-
son of everythng, statng how far Thersander had been
the prme agent, and how far he had hmsef asssted n
carryng out hs schemes nor dd he omt to repeat the
conversaton whch had ta en pace between hs master and
hm before the cottage-door. e was sent bac to prson
there to awat hs sentence, and a decree of banshment
was pronounced aganst Thersander. hen ths busness
was concuded, we agan returned to the hosptabe dwe-
ng of the prest, and whe at supper resumed the sub ect
of our former conversaton, mutuay reatng any ncdents
whch had prevousy been omtted. eucppe, now that
the purty of her character was fuy estabshed, no onger
stood n awe of her father, but too peasure n narratng
the events whch had befaen her. hen she came to that
part of her story whch referred to Pharos and the prates,
re uested her to gve us every partcuar about them,
and especay to e pan the rdde of the severed head, as
ths aone was wantng to compete the hstory of her
adventures. The recta w nterest us a, sad,
especay your father.
1 rMn n ovrcg rr rffrv.
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C T T T . 07
The unhappy femae to whom you aude, reped
eucppe, was one of that cass who se ther charms
for money. he was nveged on board, under pretence of
becomng the wfe of a sea captan, and remaned there n
gnorance of the rea cause for whch she had been brought,
passng her tme n the company of one of the prates, who
pretended to have a passon for her. hen was sezed,
they paced me, as you saw, n a boat, and rowed off wth a
ther mght and afterwards when they perceved that the
vesse despatched n pursut was ganng upon them, they
strpped the wretched woman of her cothes, whch they
put on me, ma ng her dress hersef n mne then pacng
her at the stern n sght of the pursuers, they cut off her
head and cast the body overboard, dong the same wth the
head, when the pursut was gven up. hether she had
been brought on board for the above purpose, or n order
to be sod, as they afterwards tod me, cannot say
certan t s that she was put to death by way of eudng
the pursuers, the prates magnng that shoud fetch
more money as a save than she woud do. t was ths
determnaton on ther part whch earned hs ust reward
for Chsereas, who had suggested the murder of the femae
n pace of me. The prates refused to et hm retan e -
cusve possesson of me, sayng that on hs account one
woman had aready been ost to them, who woud have been
a source of gan. They proposed, therefore, that shoud
be sod to ma e up the oss, and that the money shoud be
e uay dvded. e reped n an angry and threatenng
manner, assertng hs pror cams, and remndng them of
ther compact, and that had been carred off, not n order
to be sod, but to be hs mstress. Upon ths, one of the
prates came behnd hm, and deat hm hs measure of
ustce by str ng off hs head and fngng bs body nto
the sea, a worthy re uta of hs perfdous conduct to-
wards me.
fter two days sa, the prates put n at some pace, the
name of whch do not now, where they sod me to a
merchant who used to traffc wth them, and from hs hands
passed nto the possesson of osthenes.
My chdren, sad ostratus, when eucppe had
concuded, w now reate what has happened to Ca-
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08 C T T t .
gone, for t s but far that shoud contrbute my share
to the conversaton. Upon hearng my sster s name
mentoned, became a attenton, and sad, Prthee, sr,
proceed sha re oce to hoar that she s st ave.
e commenced by repeatng what has aready been men-
toned respectng Casthenes, the orace gven to the
vzantans, the sacred embassy sent to Tyre, and the
stratagem for carryng off Cagone. e went on to say:
Casthenes dscovered durng the voyage that she was
not my daughter but athough matters had thus turned
out ute contrary to hs ntentons, he conceved a strong
passon for hs far captve, and throwng hmsef at her
nees: ady, he sad, do not magne that am a corsar
or a van am of good brth, and second n ran to
none n yzantum. t s ove who has compeed me to
turn prate, and to empoy ths stratagem aganst you.
Degn, therefore, to consder me your save from ths day
forth. offer you my hand n marrage. Tou sha have for
your dowry more weath than your father woud have
bestowed upon you, and you sha preserve your maden
state so ong as you may pease.
y means of these, and other nsnuatng words, he
brought her to oo favouraby upon hm, for he was hand-
some n person and possessed a fow of persuasve anguage.
Upon arrvng at yzantum he had a deed drawn up assgn-
ng her an ampe dowry he then proceeded to ma e other
preparatons, purchased for her spendd dresses, eweery
and ornaments, n short, whatsoever was re ured for the
wardrobe and toette of a ady of ran and weath. avng
done ths, he abstaned from soctng her vrtue, and n fu-
fment of hs promse aowed her to reman a maden, and
thus he graduay won her affectons. n a short tme,
ute a wonderfu ateraton too pace n the young man
he became concatory n manner, and prudent and ordery
n hs mode of vng he shewed respect by rsng up before
hs eders,t and was the frst courteousy to saute any
whom he met hs former ndscrmnate profuson, whch
va f) aavffo 7t, f v o oy ag ravTarcun.
t Credebant hoc grande nefas et morte pacdum
uveng vetuo non adsurre erat. uv. . 4
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C T T T . 0
had been mere avsh prodgaty, now became wsey d-
rected beraty, choosng for ts ob ects those who were
sufferng from poverty and re ured assstance.
who remembered hs former and dssoute course of
fe were amazed at ths sudden change. e shewed me the
most mar ed attenton, and coud not hep ovng hm
and attrbutng hs former conduct more to an e cess of
open-heartedness than to any actua vcous propenstes,
and caed to mnd the case of Themstoces, who after a
youth spent n centousness, n after fe e ceed a hs
countrymen n soundness of udgment and many vrtues.
reay fet sorry at havng repused hm, when he was a
sutor for my daughter s hand, he treated me wth so much
respect, gvng me the tte of father, and escortng me t whenever had occason to go through the forum. e
ewse too great nterest n mtary e ercses, especay
n what reated to the cavary department he had aways
been fond of horses, but htherto merey to nduge hs ove
of amusement and hs u urous tastes yet though ac-
tuated by no hgher motves, he had been unconscousy
fosterng the seeds of s and courage and eventuay hs
chef ambton was to dstngush hmsef by vaour and
abty n the fed. e contrbuted argey from hs own
prvate resources the e penses of the war, and was eected
my coeague n command, n whch poston he shewed me
a st greater degree of attenton and deference. hen at
ength, vctory decared tsef on our sde, through the
vsbe nterventon of the dety, we returned to yzan-
tum, and t was decreed, that the pubc than s of the
tate shoud be conveyed to ercues and Dana, for whch
purpose he was to proceed to Tyre, whe was despatched
to ths cty. efore settng out Casthenes too me by
the hand and reated evey partcuar respectng Cagone.
ather, he sad, the mpetuosty of youth ed me away
n the frst nstance but n the course whch snce then,
mnum postea Gra sanguns vrorum carssmus e ttt.
a. Ma . v. 1 . 2.
opv popu uod honors causa Cebat a centbus. acobs.
The appearance of Dana s mentoned n . v.
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10 C T T U .
have pursued, deberate choce and prncpe have n-
fuenced my actons. have scrupuousy respected the
maden s honour, durng a tme of war and confuson when
men are generay east ncned to deny themseves the
ndugence of ther desres. My ntenton s now to con-
duct her to her father s house, at Tyre and then to cam
her for my brde, at her father s hand, n accordance wth
the aw. have made an ampe settement upon her, and
sha consder mysef most fortunate, f he grants my
sut f, on the contrary, meet wth a repuse he w
receve bac hs daughter as pure as when she eft hs
home.
w now read you a frendy etter, whch feeng
an ous that the marrage shoud be concuded addressed
to my brother, before the termnaton of the war, n whch
mentoned the ran of Casthenes, and bore testmony
to hs good brth, the honourabe poston whch he had
attaned, and hs emnent servces n the fed. f we gan
our cause n the new tra t moved by Thersander, pro-
pose, frst of a to sa to yzantum, and afterwards to
proceed to Tyre.
Cnas came to us ne t day, wth the ntegence that
Thersander had secrety eft the cty, that hs ob ect n
appeang from the recent decson was but a prete t to
gan tme, and that he had no ntenton of foowng up the
case. fter watng three days, the perod apponted for
ta ng fresh proceedngs, we appeared before the Pre-
sdent, and havng satsfactory proved by reference to the
statutes, that Thersander had no onger any ega ground
aganst us, we embar ed and en oyed a favourabe voyage
to yzantum, where our ong-desred nuptas too pace.
short tme after, we saed to Tyre, whch we reached
The aw referred to n . .
ptatg, an appea n order to obtan a new tra, vde Dct, of Gree
and om. nt . p. 2.
acobs observes that the orgna s here probaby mperfect, no
prevous menton havng been made of a new tra. c.
t rpo taa. The term mted for brngng actons and prose-
cutons at thens. Dct, of Gree and oman nt . p. 7 7.
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#
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e
C T T U . 11
two days after the arrva of Casthenes, and where
found my father preparng to ceebrate my sster s weddng
on the foowng day. e were present on the occason,
and asssted at the regous ceremona, offerng up our
unted prayers that both our marrages mght be crowned
wth happness and we arranged, after wnterng at phe-
sus, to proceed to yzantum n the sprng.
T D.
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:
3

G
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P T D D ,
T. martn s ane.
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